461 lines
58 KiB
XML
461 lines
58 KiB
XML
<document id="F44E1C85A6F842E945A851B4315E73BC" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3986.3.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b859fccb-4e8c-4941-a0cc-90594a0c5df8" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="240311" ID-ZooBank="5A852805-93B7-4C96-8521-A8D91DAC97CF" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461262707109" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Xu, Guang, Tang, William, Skelley, Paul, Liu, Nian & Rich, Stephen" docDate="2015" docId="03A29D23FFBFFFC70BD2FAD5FF93FE30" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03986p278.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3986 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Cycadophila yunnanensis Grouvelle, new combination" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="275" masterDocId="FF9BE55BFFACFFDE0B45FFC2FE29FFC5" masterDocTitle="Cycadophila, a new genus (Coleoptera: Erotylidae: Pharaxonothinae) inhabiting Cycas debaoensis (Cycadaceae) in Asia" masterLastPageNumber="278" masterPageNumber="251" pageNumber="270" updateTime="1698609849005" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="E77FC479EBF3674BBB6F1935B280B6C9">Cycadophila, a new genus (Coleoptera: Erotylidae: Pharaxonothinae) inhabiting Cycas debaoensis (Cycadaceae) in Asia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="CD1BA2D497531F02EEA0AA66181A0B43">Xu, Guang</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0206C3013CA6EC3B3BE6C72C755F4783">Tang, William</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="43003C83E03596B186DDD3CF5A1F9267">Skelley, Paul</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6789DCB2A0614DF0DA63901A88F63D9A">Liu, Nian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="278F0C1E6C5F928B9EE1B0DF1F9FCFE5">Rich, Stephen</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="FE190CF09FEEA04DBD9B6277F458A081">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="6AFB57C97E31E809BE237D19481DF7ED">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="A8EC124A0414D96B30F13441A833836A">3986</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03A29D23FFBFFFC70BD2FAD5FF93FE30" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6100313" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119637288" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6100313" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A29D23FFBFFFC70BD2FAD5FF93FE30" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A29D23FFBFFFC70BD2FAD5FF93FE30" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="275" pageId="19" pageNumber="270">
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<subSubSection id="C3117FBEFFBFFFCD0BD2FAD5FF15FA96" pageId="19" pageNumber="270" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB42C35FFBFFFCD0BD2FAD5FD60FAF7" blockId="19.[151,841,1303,1363]" box="[151,841,1303,1330]" pageId="19" pageNumber="270">
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<heading id="D0FC9B59FFBFFFCD0BD2FAD5FD60FAF7" bold="true" box="[151,841,1303,1330]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="270" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B97FF027FFBFFFCD0BD2FAD5FD60FAF7" bold="true" box="[151,841,1303,1330]" pageId="19" pageNumber="270">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0B57B6FFBFFFCD0BD2FAD5FC4FFAF7" authority="Grouvelle" authorityName="Grouvelle" box="[151,614,1303,1330]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Cycadophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="270" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yunnanensis" status="comb. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B97FF027FFBFFFCD0BD2FAD5FFE6FAF4" bold="true" box="[151,463,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="270">Cycadophila yunnanensis</emphasis>
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(Grouvelle)
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24C4D5CFFBFFFCD0936FADAFD60FAF7" box="[627,841,1304,1330]" pageId="19" pageNumber="270">new combination</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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<paragraph id="8BB42C35FFBFFFCD0BD2FAF8FF15FA96" blockId="19.[151,841,1303,1363]" box="[151,316,1338,1363]" pageId="19" pageNumber="270">
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(
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<figureCitation id="133030B0FFBFFFCD0BDBFAF8FF1CFA96" box="[158,309,1338,1363]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 9" captionStart-1="FIGURE 10" captionStartId-0="21.[151,250,1910,1932]" captionStartId-1="22.[151,250,942,964]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,193,1887]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1435,193,919]" captionTargetId-0="figure@21.[151,1436,193,1888]" captionTargetId-1="figure@22.[151,1436,193,920]" captionTargetPageId-0="21" captionTargetPageId-1="22" captionText-0="FIGURE 9. Photographs of Cycadophila yunnanensis types: A) Six syntypes (red arrow pointing to lectotype, rest are paralectotypes); B) Label of types; C – E) Lectotype male dorsal, ventral, and lateral habitus; F) Head to metaventrite, ventral view of lectotype; G) Lectotype male genitalia." captionText-1="FIGURE 10. Photographs of Cycadophila yunnanensis variation from CHINA: Guangxi, Dingye. A) Female; B – C) Male (note weakly curved metatibia)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/240320/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/240321/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="270">Figures 9–10</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3117FBEFFBFFFCA0BD2FA40FF95F8CF" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="271" pageId="19" pageNumber="270" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BB42C35FFBFFFCD0BD2FA40FFF1FA72" blockId="19.[151,1436,1410,1463]" pageId="19" pageNumber="270">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0B57B6FFBFFFCD0BD2FA40FC82FA5D" authority="Grouvelle, 1916: 61" authorityName="Grouvelle" authorityPageNumber="61" authorityYear="1916" box="[151,683,1410,1432]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Pharaxonotha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="270" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yunnanensis">
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<emphasis id="B97FF027FFBFFFCD0BD2FA40FF9FFA5D" box="[151,438,1410,1432]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="270">Pharaxonotha yunnanensis</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AAA0A24FFBFFFCD0A82FA40FC82FA5D" author="Grouvelle" box="[455,683,1410,1432]" page="61" pageId="19" pageNumber="270" year="1916">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9A51C4FFBFFFCD0A82FA40FC53FA5D" author="Grouvelle" box="[455,634,1410,1432]" pageId="19" pageNumber="270" refString="Grouvelle, A. (1916) Descriptions d'especes nouvelles de Cryptophagidae. Memoires Entomologiques. Etudes sur les Coleopteres, 1, 30 - 79." type="journal article" year="1916">Grouvelle, 1916</bibRefCitation>
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: 61
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AAA0A24FFBFFFCD0985FA40FD99FA5D" author="Schenkling" box="[704,944,1410,1432]" page="15" pageId="19" pageNumber="270" year="1923">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9A51C4FFBFFFCD0985FA40FDA9FA5D" author="Schenkling" box="[704,896,1410,1432]" pageId="19" pageNumber="270" refString="Schenkling, S. (1923) Cryptophagidae. Coleopterorum Catalogus, 76, 1 - 92." type="journal article" year="1923">Schenkling, 1923</bibRefCitation>
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: 15
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AAA0A24FFBFFFCD0883FA40FABBFA5D" author="Mader" box="[966,1170,1410,1432]" page="721" pageId="19" pageNumber="270" year="1926">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9A51C4FFBFFFCD0883FA40FA7DFA5D" author="Mader" box="[966,1108,1410,1432]" pageId="19" pageNumber="270" refString="Mader, L. (1926) Clavicornia [part]. In: Winkler, A. (Ed.), Catalogus Coleopterorum regionis palearcticae. Pars 6. A. Winkler, Wien, pp. 625 - 752." type="journal article" year="1926">Mader, 1926</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 721
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0AAA0A24FFBFFFCD0FE2FA40FBBEFA5D" author="Schenkling" box="[1191,1431,1410,1432]" page="31" pageId="19" pageNumber="270" year="1928">
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9A51C4FFBFFFCD0FE2FA40FB4FFA5D" author="Schenkling" box="[1191,1382,1410,1432]" pageId="19" pageNumber="270" refString="Schenkling, S. (1928) Languriidae. Coleopterorum Catalogus, 100, 1 - 40." type="journal article" year="1928">Schenkling, 1928</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 31
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0AAA0A24FFBFFFCD0B82FA63FFFDFA72" author="Wegrzynowicz" box="[199,468,1441,1463]" page="536" pageId="19" pageNumber="270" year="2007">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9A51C4FFBFFFCD0B82FA63FF88FA72" author="Wegrzynowicz" box="[199,417,1441,1463]" pageId="19" pageNumber="270" refString="Wegrzynowicz, P. (2007) Family Erotylidae Latreille, 1802. In: Lobl, I. & Smetana, A. (Eds.), Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Vol. 4. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, pp. 531 - 546." type="book chapter" year="2007">Wegrzynowicz, 2007</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 536
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB42C35FFBFFFCD0BD2FA26FA24F980" blockId="19.[151,1437,1508,2037]" pageId="19" pageNumber="270">
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<emphasis id="B97FF027FFBFFFCD0BD2FA26FF72FA38" bold="true" box="[151,347,1508,1533]" pageId="19" pageNumber="270">Adult diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Distinguished from other
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<taxonomicName id="4C0B57B6FFBFFFCD09CBFA26FD34FA38" box="[654,797,1508,1533]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Cycadophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="270" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97FF027FFBFFFCD09CBFA26FD34FA38" box="[654,797,1508,1533]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="270">Cycadophila</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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spp. by its smaller body with or without color pattern, distinct supraocular stria that is less than 1/3 length of the eye, weakly depressed submental-gular region, and male with a small rounded swelling near the middle of the medial metatibial margin.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB42C35FFBFFFCD0B82F98DFDA7F8D9" blockId="19.[151,1437,1508,2037]" pageId="19" pageNumber="270">
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<emphasis id="B97FF027FFBFFFCD0B82F98DFFCFF9AD" bold="true" box="[199,486,1615,1640]" pageId="19" pageNumber="270">Adult male description.</emphasis>
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Length
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<quantity id="4CF381D0FFBFFFCD090CF992FCD8F9A2" box="[585,753,1616,1640]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="3.88" metricValueMin="3.12" pageId="19" pageNumber="270" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="3.88" valueMin="3.12">3.12–3.88 mm</quantity>
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, width
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<quantity id="4CF381D0FFBFFFCD080CF98DFDDBF9A2" box="[841,1010,1615,1640]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.47" metricValueMax="1.65" metricValueMin="1.29" pageId="19" pageNumber="270" unit="mm" value="1.47" valueMax="1.65" valueMin="1.29">1.29–1.65 mm</quantity>
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. Body in dorsal view elongate, sides nearly straight and parallel sided, greatest width at middle of elytra; in lateral view convex dorsally. General body and appendage color dark reddish-brown, pronotum occasionally with orange-brown sides; elytra of
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<typeStatus id="54B09297FFBFFFCD0E29F95AFBB5F975" box="[1388,1436,1688,1712]" pageId="19" pageNumber="270">type</typeStatus>
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specimens entirely dark brown (
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<figureCitation id="133030B0FFBFFFCD0942F97EFC65F911" box="[519,588,1724,1749]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1910,1932]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1887]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[151,1436,193,1888]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 9. Photographs of Cycadophila yunnanensis types: A) Six syntypes (red arrow pointing to lectotype, rest are paralectotypes); B) Label of types; C – E) Lectotype male dorsal, ventral, and lateral habitus; F) Head to metaventrite, ventral view of lectotype; G) Lectotype male genitalia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240320/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="270">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
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) or with light central stripe (see variation in
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<figureCitation id="133030B0FFBFFFCD0F16F97EFA86F911" box="[1107,1199,1724,1749]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="22.[151,250,942,964]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,919]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1436,193,920]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 10. Photographs of Cycadophila yunnanensis variation from CHINA: Guangxi, Dingye. A) Female; B – C) Male (note weakly curved metatibia)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240321/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="270">Figs. 10</figureCitation>
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A–C); dorsal surface distinctly punctate, surface appearing shiny, glabrous, short procumbent hairs protruding out of punctures, ventrally mostly covered with short procumbent setae (
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<figureCitation id="133030B0FFBFFFCD0845F8C6FD64F8D9" box="[768,845,1796,1821]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1910,1932]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1887]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[151,1436,193,1888]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 9. Photographs of Cycadophila yunnanensis types: A) Six syntypes (red arrow pointing to lectotype, rest are paralectotypes); B) Label of types; C – E) Lectotype male dorsal, ventral, and lateral habitus; F) Head to metaventrite, ventral view of lectotype; G) Lectotype male genitalia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240320/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="270">Figs. 9</figureCitation>
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C–F).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB42C35FFBFFFCA0B82F8E5FA85FD09" blockId="19.[151,1437,1508,2037]" lastBlockId="20.[151,1437,151,1982]" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="271" pageId="19" pageNumber="270">
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Head in dorsal view conical, gradually narrowed anteriorly, surface convex, distinctly punctured (
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<figureCitation id="133030B0FFBFFFCD0E49F8E5FB73F885" box="[1292,1370,1831,1856]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1910,1932]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1887]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[151,1436,193,1888]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 9. Photographs of Cycadophila yunnanensis types: A) Six syntypes (red arrow pointing to lectotype, rest are paralectotypes); B) Label of types; C – E) Lectotype male dorsal, ventral, and lateral habitus; F) Head to metaventrite, ventral view of lectotype; G) Lectotype male genitalia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240320/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="270">Figs. 9</figureCitation>
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C, E); width
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<quantity id="4CF381D0FFBFFFCD0BA5F88EFF44F8A1" box="[224,365,1868,1892]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="270" unit="mm" value="0.85" valueMax="0.9" valueMin="0.8">0.8–0.9 mm</quantity>
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; dorsal interocular distance
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||
<quantity id="4CF381D0FFBFFFCD09F6F88EFD72F8A1" box="[691,859,1868,1893]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.15" metricValueMax="5.5" metricValueMin="4.8" pageId="19" pageNumber="270" unit="mm" value="0.515" valueMax="0.55" valueMin="0.48">0.48–0.55 mm</quantity>
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, head width/dorsal interocular distance ratio 1.68, ventral interocular distance
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<quantity id="4CF381D0FFBFFFCD0A96F8ADFC53F842" box="[467,634,1903,1928]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.25" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="270" unit="mm" value="0.425" valueMax="0.45" valueMin="0.4">0.40–0.45 mm</quantity>
|
||
, head width/ventral interocular distance ratio 2.00–2.06. Eye globular; bordered dorsally with short supraocular stria at basal 1/3 of eye; projecting laterally, with large black facets and short, inconspicuous interfacetal setae. Frons with a short, dark, subcuticular suture on each side, approximately 1/ 4 width of frons in length, extending obliquely to lateral margin anterior to antennal insertion. Antennal length about 3/4 pronotal width, slightly more than head width, antennomere relative lengths approximately 16:13:14:10:10:10:10:10:13:13:20; antennomere I (scape) fairly large, slightly elongate, antennomere II slightly smaller than III; IV–VIII small, width equals length; club fairly large, IX–XI similar in length, XI globular. Clypeus truncate anteriorly, anterior margin with long setae; densely punctate; somewhat emarginate, with narrow margin. Mandible with 3 apical teeth; prostheca extending from mola halfway to apical teeth, length,about ½ width, edge nearly straight, with fringe of hairs along dorsal base that extends to the proximal apical tooth; mola with carinulation and small spines. Labrum transverse, about 2 times broader than long; anterior margin fringed with long bristles, especially dense medially. Hypopharynx with thin setae directed medially. Maxilla with cardo expanded apically; stipes narrowly triangular, apically acute, partially overlapping with palpiger; galea and lacinia with long, densely aligned setae; setae on the lacinia thick and strong, but distinguishable hooks absent from surrounding dense setae; galea wider than lacinia. Maxillary palp 4-segmented, palpomere I very small; II, III slightly longer than wide, IV elongate oval, apex densely papillate, relative lengths of II–IV approximately 4:3:7. Labium with mentum pentagonal with carina forming triangular plate projecting medially, with distinct lateral pockets; labial palp 3-segmented; palpomere I small, elongate; II transverse; III large, ovate. Mentum and submentum with moderate punctation and setation, setae short. Gular area smooth, without setae or punctation, except near suture with submentum, where shallow depression present with setose punctures.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB42C35FFB8FFCA0B82FD15FF17FA92" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,1982]" pageId="20" pageNumber="271">
|
||
Thorax with pronotum transverse in dorsal view; with marginal beads on all sides; length/width ratio 0.64– 0.70, convex, nearly parallel-sided; anterior angles projecting, weakly angulate; lateral margins nearly straight, with thin bead, bead bearing row of setose punctures; posterior angles sharp, nearly 90o; posterior margin projecting medially; with a narrow, short longitudinal furrow posterolaterally, beginning at pore on posterior margin, extending forward and ending abruptly, length of furrows relative to pronotal length 0.14–0.18. Prosternum in ventral view convex; anterior margin slightly emarginate, finely denticulate with row of long, anteriorly directed setae; prosternal process truncate apically. Hypomeron laterally with coarse punctures, medially without longitudinal striations. Scutellar shield transverse, posterior margin clearly projected, pentagonal. Elytra in dorsal view elongate, nearly parallel sided, length/width 3.29–3.45, greatest width near midlength; with marginal line basally, 10 complete striae of moderate puncture size, scutellary striole with 8–10 punctures; intervals of striae with distinct punctures. All punctures of elytral striae bearing a single short seta; seta only visible in profile, extending slightly out of puncture. Punctation on meso- and metaventrites distinct. Metaventrite long, convex laterally, slightly impressed medially, metathoracic discrimen extending slightly over half metaventrite length. Legs narrow, similar in length; procoxa oval; mesocoxa globular; metacoxa transversely elongate-oval; trochanters obliquely truncate apically; femora compressed laterally; tibiae shorter than femora, weakly dilated to narrow apex. Protibia not dilated apically, with fine setal fringe ventrally, lateral margin smooth, lacking stout spinules. Meso- and metatibiae narrow, similar to protibia. Metatibia with slight rounded swelling on apical half of medial margin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133030B0FFB8FFCA0BDAFAFCFED3FA92" box="[159,250,1342,1367]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="22.[151,250,942,964]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,919]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1436,193,920]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 10. Photographs of Cycadophila yunnanensis variation from CHINA: Guangxi, Dingye. A) Female; B – C) Male (note weakly curved metatibia)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240321/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="271">Figs. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
B–C).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB42C35FFB8FFCA0B82FAA0FB35F9EA" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,1982]" pageId="20" pageNumber="271">Abdomen with 5 ventrites bearing fine punctures; anterior margin with intercoxal process narrow, with triangular point anteromedially, lateral edges slightly projected, lateral and posterior margins arcuate, converging posteriorly; anterior and posterior margins of ventrites more or less straight; ventrite I lacking subcoxal line, slightly longer medially than II; I–IV apparently lacking erect sensory hairs located adjacent to the midline (at least none were observed on available specimens); II–IV subequal in length; V slightly longer than IV with lateral margins converging posteriorly to a rounded apex, with row of short appressed, densely arranged setae.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB42C35FFB8FFCA0B82F9FFFF95F8CF" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,1982]" pageId="20" pageNumber="271">
|
||
Male genitalia (tegmen and median lobe of aedeagus) twisted approximately 45o toward the left and resting on side (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133030B0FFB8FFCA0B9CF9A3FF0BF9BF" box="[217,290,1633,1658]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1910,1932]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1887]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[151,1436,193,1888]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 9. Photographs of Cycadophila yunnanensis types: A) Six syntypes (red arrow pointing to lectotype, rest are paralectotypes); B) Label of types; C – E) Lectotype male dorsal, ventral, and lateral habitus; F) Head to metaventrite, ventral view of lectotype; G) Lectotype male genitalia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240320/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="271">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
G). Tegmen sclerotized, triangular, gently twisted; with anterior region ring-like, posterior region sheath-like, posterior margin slightly arcuate; lateral margins gradually converging posteriorly; dorsally with 2 large, elongate, somewhat coniform-shaped parameres. Parameres apically with long setae; length/width ratio 2.0. Aedeagus with median lobe short, slender, highly sclerotized, apex long and acuminate. Ratio of penile strut length to median lobe length 5:1.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3117FBEFFB8FFC80B82F8D7FCD5FB13" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="273" pageId="20" pageNumber="271" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB42C35FFB8FFCA0B82F8D7FC32F87B" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,1982]" pageId="20" pageNumber="271">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FF027FFB8FFCA0B82F8D7FF37F8EB" bold="true" box="[199,286,1813,1838]" pageId="20" pageNumber="271">Female</emphasis>
|
||
similar to male except with metatibia without slight rounded swelling on apical half of medial margin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133030B0FFB8FFCA0BDAF8FBFEDBF897" box="[159,242,1849,1874]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="22.[151,250,942,964]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,919]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1436,193,920]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 10. Photographs of Cycadophila yunnanensis variation from CHINA: Guangxi, Dingye. A) Female; B – C) Male (note weakly curved metatibia)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240321/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="271">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
A), pygidium truncate, not as well developed. Genitalia with gonocoxites triangular, gradually narrowing posteriorly; apices of gonocoxites laterally with concave impression and setae. Gonostylus small, inserted at the concave impression of the gonocoxite, with several short setae and 1 long seta. Valvifers posteriorly expanded. Spermatheca elongated, C-shaped.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF747CBDFFB9FFCB0BD2F8B4FC51F80C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240320/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="272" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1887]" targetPageId="21">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB42C35FFB9FFCB0BD2F8B4FC51F80C" blockId="21.[151,1436,1910,1993]" pageId="21" pageNumber="272">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FF027FFB9FFCB0BD2F8B4FF3EF849" bold="true" box="[151,279,1910,1932]" pageId="21" pageNumber="272">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
|
||
Photographs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B57B6FFB9FFCB0A8BF8B4FCF1F849" box="[462,728,1910,1932]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Cycadophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="272" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yunnanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FF027FFB9FFCB0A8BF8B4FCF1F849" box="[462,728,1910,1932]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="272">Cycadophila yunnanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
types:
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FF027FFB9FFCB0869F8B4FD6FF849" bold="true" box="[812,838,1910,1932]" pageId="21" pageNumber="272">A)</emphasis>
|
||
Six syntypes (red arrow pointing to lectotype, rest are paralectotypes);
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FF027FFB9FFCB0A05F856FF73F86F" bold="true" box="[320,346,1940,1962]" pageId="21" pageNumber="272">B)</emphasis>
|
||
Label of types;
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FF027FFB9FFCB0947F856FC13F86F" bold="true" box="[514,570,1940,1962]" pageId="21" pageNumber="272">C–E)</emphasis>
|
||
Lectotype male dorsal, ventral, and lateral habitus;
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FF027FFB9FFCB0F17F856FA40F86F" bold="true" box="[1106,1129,1940,1962]" pageId="21" pageNumber="272">F)</emphasis>
|
||
Head to metaventrite, ventral view of lectotype;
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FF027FFB9FFCB0A11F871FF58F80C" bold="true" box="[340,369,1971,1993]" pageId="21" pageNumber="272">G)</emphasis>
|
||
Lectotype male genitalia.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF747CBDFFBAFFC80BD2FC6CFFF3FC27" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240321/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="273" targetBox="[151,1435,193,919]" targetPageId="22">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB42C35FFBAFFC80BD2FC6CFFF3FC27" blockId="22.[151,1436,942,994]" pageId="22" pageNumber="273">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FF027FFBAFFC80BD2FC6CFF0AFC01" bold="true" box="[151,291,942,964]" pageId="22" pageNumber="273">FIGURE 10.</emphasis>
|
||
Photographs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B57B6FFBAFFC80A96FC6CFCF2FC01" box="[467,731,942,964]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Cycadophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yunnanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FF027FFBAFFC80A96FC6CFCF2FC01" box="[467,731,942,964]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="273">Cycadophila yunnanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
variation from CHINA: Guangxi, Dingye.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FF027FFBAFFC80FE3FC6CFAE8FC01" bold="true" box="[1190,1217,942,964]" pageId="22" pageNumber="273">A)</emphasis>
|
||
Female;
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FF027FFBAFFC80E63FC6CFB77FC01" bold="true" box="[1318,1374,942,964]" pageId="22" pageNumber="273">B–C)</emphasis>
|
||
Male (note weakly curved metatibia).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB42C35FFBAFFC80B82FBC8FCD5FB13" blockId="22.[151,1437,1034,1886]" pageId="22" pageNumber="273">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FF027FFBAFFC80B82FBC8FF12FBE6" bold="true" box="[199,315,1034,1059]" pageId="22" pageNumber="273">Variation.</emphasis>
|
||
The original
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B09297FFBAFFC80A98FBC9FC16FBE6" box="[477,575,1035,1059]" pageId="22" pageNumber="273" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B57B6FFBAFFC8092FFBC9FD31FBE7" box="[618,792,1035,1058]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Cycadophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yunnanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FF027FFBAFFC8092FFBC9FD31FBE7" box="[618,792,1035,1058]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="273">C. yunnanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="133030B0FFBAFFC8086CFBC8FD47FBE7" box="[809,878,1034,1059]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1910,1932]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1887]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[151,1436,193,1888]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 9. Photographs of Cycadophila yunnanensis types: A) Six syntypes (red arrow pointing to lectotype, rest are paralectotypes); B) Label of types; C – E) Lectotype male dorsal, ventral, and lateral habitus; F) Head to metaventrite, ventral view of lectotype; G) Lectotype male genitalia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240320/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="273">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
A) are mostly teneral, with two dark adults. The teneral specimens exhibit a vague central stripe on each elytra (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133030B0FFBAFFC80829FBEFFDE9FB83" box="[876,960,1069,1094]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="22.[151,250,942,964]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,919]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1436,193,920]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 10. Photographs of Cycadophila yunnanensis variation from CHINA: Guangxi, Dingye. A) Female; B – C) Male (note weakly curved metatibia)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240321/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="273">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
B). Series of specimens from independent collecting events show greater variation in the distinctness of this central elytral stripe as well as the presence of lateral stripes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133030B0FFBAFFC80A7BFBB7FFB8FB4B" box="[318,401,1141,1166]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="22.[151,250,942,964]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,919]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1436,193,920]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 10. Photographs of Cycadophila yunnanensis variation from CHINA: Guangxi, Dingye. A) Female; B – C) Male (note weakly curved metatibia)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240321/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="273">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
C). Elytra of these series vary from entirely dark brown to sharply striped with intermediate color morphs displaying varying degrees in size and distinctness of these stripes, as well as some in which the stripes are reduced to a single humeral and apical spot.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3117FBEFFBAFFC80B82FB20FD8BF89B" pageId="22" pageNumber="273" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB42C35FFBAFFC80B82FB20FCFBFB3E" blockId="22.[151,1437,1034,1886]" box="[199,722,1250,1275]" pageId="22" pageNumber="273">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FF027FFBAFFC80B82FB20FF4CFB3E" bold="true" box="[199,357,1250,1275]" pageId="22" pageNumber="273">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B09297FFBAFFC80B82FB20FF2BFB3E" box="[199,258,1250,1275]" pageId="22" pageNumber="273">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Yunnan [Coll. Grouvelle-Paris].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB42C35FFBAFFC80B82FAC7FAA0FADB" blockId="22.[151,1437,1034,1886]" box="[199,1161,1285,1310]" pageId="22" pageNumber="273">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FF027FFBAFFC80B82FAC7FF33FADB" bold="true" box="[199,282,1285,1310]" pageId="22" pageNumber="273">Range.</emphasis>
|
||
Known from Guangxi and Yunnan provinces,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31C6CA5FFBAFFC80863FAC7FD40FADB" box="[806,873,1285,1310]" name="China" pageId="22" pageNumber="273">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
and Manipur state,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31C6CA5FFBAFFC80F0DFAC7FAACFADB" box="[1096,1157,1285,1310]" name="India" pageId="22" pageNumber="273">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB42C35FFBAFFC80B82FAE8FFC9F9DE" blockId="22.[151,1437,1034,1886]" pageId="22" pageNumber="273">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FF027FFBAFFC80B82FAE8FF9AFA86" bold="true" box="[199,435,1322,1347]" pageId="22" pageNumber="273">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
Six
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B09297FFBAFFC80AA9FAE9FC67FA86" box="[492,590,1323,1347]" pageId="22" pageNumber="273" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
with the following labels (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133030B0FFBAFFC808C9FAE8FDFAFA87" box="[908,979,1322,1347]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1910,1932]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1887]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[151,1436,193,1888]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 9. Photographs of Cycadophila yunnanensis types: A) Six syntypes (red arrow pointing to lectotype, rest are paralectotypes); B) Label of types; C – E) Lectotype male dorsal, ventral, and lateral habitus; F) Head to metaventrite, ventral view of lectotype; G) Lectotype male genitalia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240320/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="273">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
B): 1) [rectangular, red, hand written in black ink]
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31C6CA5FFBAFFC80A4BFA8DFF7FFAA3" box="[270,342,1359,1382]" name="Greece" pageId="22" pageNumber="273">Yunan</collectingCountry>
|
||
Mission; 2) [rectangular, pale red, printed in black ink]
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B09297FFBAFFC8088FFA8DFA2CFAA3" box="[970,1029,1359,1382]" pageId="22" pageNumber="273">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
; 3) [rectangular, white, hand written in black ink] Pharaxonota [
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B57B6FFBAFFC80A91FAB0FC5DFA4E" box="[468,628,1394,1419]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Pharaxonotha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pharaxonotha</taxonomicName>
|
||
]
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B57B6FFBAFFC809C0FAB0FD41FA4F" authority="Grouv." authorityName="Grouv." box="[645,872,1394,1419]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Cycadophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yunnanensis">yunnanensis Grouv.</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Grouvelle collection -
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1AB4F0FFBAFFC80FC6FAB1FAF3FA4F" box="[1155,1242,1395,1418]" pageId="22" pageNumber="273">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
, examined). The sixth specimen, a male (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133030B0FFBAFFC80AE2FA57FFDCFA6B" box="[423,501,1429,1454]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1910,1932]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1887]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[151,1436,193,1888]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 9. Photographs of Cycadophila yunnanensis types: A) Six syntypes (red arrow pointing to lectotype, rest are paralectotypes); B) Label of types; C – E) Lectotype male dorsal, ventral, and lateral habitus; F) Head to metaventrite, ventral view of lectotype; G) Lectotype male genitalia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240320/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="273">Figs. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
A, C–G) is
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FF027FFBAFFC80933FA57FDDBFA6B" bold="true" box="[630,1010,1429,1454]" pageId="22" pageNumber="273">
|
||
here designated as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B09297FFBAFFC808C3FA57FDDBFA6B" box="[902,1010,1429,1454]" pageId="22" pageNumber="273" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and placed on a separate card labeled as
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B09297FFBAFFC80BFEFA78FF0CFA16" box="[187,293,1466,1491]" pageId="22" pageNumber="273" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
. The remaining specimens are
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FF027FFBAFFC809DBFA78FA69FA16" bold="true" box="[670,1088,1466,1491]" pageId="22" pageNumber="273">
|
||
here designated as
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B09297FFBAFFC808D7FA78FA69FA16" box="[914,1088,1466,1491]" pageId="22" pageNumber="273" type="paralectotype">paralectotypes</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. A red
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B09297FFBAFFC80FE3FA78FB24FA16" box="[1190,1293,1466,1491]" pageId="22" pageNumber="273" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and yellow
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B09297FFBAFFC80BD2FA1FFF07FA33" box="[151,302,1501,1526]" pageId="22" pageNumber="273" type="paralectotype">paralectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
labels stating “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B57B6FFBAFFC80A9FFA1FFDABFA33" authority="Grouvelle" authorityName="Grouvelle" box="[474,898,1501,1526]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Pharaxonotha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yunnanensis">Pharaxonotha yunnanensis Grouvelle</taxonomicName>
|
||
, des. P. Skelley 2014” have also been placed on the pin with these specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB42C35FFBAFFC80B82F9E7FD8BF89B" blockId="22.[151,1437,1034,1886]" pageId="22" pageNumber="273">
|
||
Other materials considered
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B57B6FFBAFFC80949F9E4FC94F9FB" box="[524,701,1574,1598]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Pharaxonotha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yunnanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FF027FFBAFFC80949F9E4FC94F9FB" box="[524,701,1574,1598]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="273">C. yunnanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, that show much color variation as discussed above, include:
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FF027FFBAFFC80BD2F988FFD3F9A6" bold="true" box="[151,506,1610,1635]" pageId="22" pageNumber="273">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31C6CA5FFBAFFC80BD2F988FED0F9A6" box="[151,249,1610,1635]" name="China" pageId="22" pageNumber="273">CHINA</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Guangxi: [Debao Co
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FF027FFBAFFC80944F988FC3AF9A6" bold="true" box="[513,531,1610,1635]" pageId="22" pageNumber="273">]:</emphasis>
|
||
Fuping, ex ♂ cone
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B57B6FFBAFFC809B5F988FD93F9A6" box="[752,954,1610,1635]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Cycadaceae" genus="Cycas" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="22" pageNumber="273" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="debaoensis">Cycas debaoensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3F4AF2FFBAFFC80880F988FA67F9A6" box="[965,1102,1610,1635]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="273" precision="15" value="23.497223">N23°29’50”</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3F4AF2FFBAFFC80F10F988FAC2F9A6" box="[1109,1259,1610,1635]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="273" precision="15" value="106.22417">E106°12’87”</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFB50AF5FFBAFFC80FB2F988FB65F9A7" box="[1271,1356,1610,1634]" pageId="22" pageNumber="273" value="2001-05">V-2001</date>
|
||
, W. Lu (9);
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3F4AF2FFBAFFC80B82F9AFFF71F943" box="[199,344,1645,1670]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="273" precision="1" value="23.49405">N23°29.643'</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3F4AF2FFBAFFC80A26F9AFFFD6F943" box="[355,511,1645,1670]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="273" precision="1" value="106.21525">E106°12.915'</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFB50AF5FFBAFFC8094FF9ACFCACF943" box="[522,645,1646,1670]" pageId="22" pageNumber="273" value="2004-05-21">21-V-2004</date>
|
||
, W. Tang, #1 (542);
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3F4AF2FFBAFFC80828F9AFFDD7F943" box="[877,1022,1645,1670]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="273" precision="1" value="23.494383">N23°29.663'</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3F4AF2FFBAFFC80F4CF9AFFA8CF943" box="[1033,1189,1645,1670]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="273" precision="1" value="106.21505">E106°12.903'</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFB50AF5FFBAFFC80FF5F9ACFB02F943" box="[1200,1323,1646,1670]" pageId="22" pageNumber="273" value="2004-05-21">21-V-2004</date>
|
||
, W. Tang, #7 (13);
|
||
<date id="FFB50AF5FFBAFFC80BB2F950FF5BF96F" box="[247,370,1682,1706]" pageId="22" pageNumber="273" value="2004-05-21">21-V-2004</date>
|
||
, W. Tang, #31 (31);
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3F4AF2FFBAFFC80912F950FCC0F96E" box="[599,745,1682,1707]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="273" precision="1" value="23.49325">N23°29.595'</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3F4AF2FFBAFFC809B6F950FDA6F96E" box="[755,911,1682,1707]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="273" precision="1" value="106.21574">E106°12.944'</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFB50AF5FFBAFFC808DCF950FA3DF96F" box="[921,1044,1682,1706]" pageId="22" pageNumber="273" value="2004-05-21">21-V-2004</date>
|
||
, W. Tang, #210 (78);
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3F4AF2FFBAFFC80E4DF950FBB0F96E" box="[1288,1433,1682,1707]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="273" precision="1" value="23.493732">N23°29.624'</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3F4AF2FFBAFFC80BD2F977FF1AF90B" box="[151,307,1717,1742]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="273" precision="1" value="106.21633">E106°12.980'</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFB50AF5FFBAFFC80A00F974FFE9F90B" box="[325,448,1718,1742]" pageId="22" pageNumber="273" value="2004-05-21">21-V-2004</date>
|
||
, W. Tang, #331 (30);
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3F4AF2FFBAFFC80998F977FD46F90B" box="[733,879,1717,1742]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="273" precision="1" value="23.49405">N23°29.643'</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3F4AF2FFBAFFC808C4F977FA34F90B" box="[897,1053,1717,1742]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="273" precision="1" value="106.21523">E106°12.914'</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFB50AF5FFBAFFC80F75F977FA83F90B" box="[1072,1194,1717,1742]" pageId="22" pageNumber="273" value="2006-05-26">26-V-2006</date>
|
||
, W. Tang, #1 (31);
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3F4AF2FFBAFFC80BD2F918FF01F936" box="[151,296,1754,1779]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="273" precision="1" value="23.49335">N23°29.601'</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3F4AF2FFBAFFC80A70F918FFF8F936" box="[309,465,1754,1779]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="273" precision="1" value="106.21436">E106°12.862'</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFB50AF5FFBAFFC80A9BF918FC70F936" box="[478,601,1754,1779]" pageId="22" pageNumber="273" value="2006-05-26">26-V-2006</date>
|
||
, W. Tang, #2 (37);
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3F4AF2FFBAFFC8087AF918FDF9F936" box="[831,976,1754,1779]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="273" precision="1" value="23.493284">N23°29.597'</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3F4AF2FFBAFFC80898F918FA50F936" box="[989,1145,1754,1779]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="273" precision="1" value="106.214386">E106°12.863'</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFB50AF5FFBAFFC80FC3F918FB28F936" box="[1158,1281,1754,1779]" pageId="22" pageNumber="273" value="2006-05-26">26-V-2006</date>
|
||
, W. Tang, #4 (11);
|
||
<date id="FFB50AF5FFBAFFC80B91F93CFF66F8D3" box="[212,335,1790,1814]" pageId="22" pageNumber="273" value="2008-05-24">24-V-2008</date>
|
||
, W. Tang (75);
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FF027FFBAFFC80945F93FFCA4F8D3" bold="true" box="[512,653,1789,1814]" pageId="22" pageNumber="273">[Napo Co.]:</emphasis>
|
||
Dingye,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3F4AF2FFBAFFC809B0F93FFD56F8D3" box="[757,895,1789,1814]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="273" precision="15" value="23.407223">N23°24’26”</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3F4AF2FFBAFFC808C2F93FFA34F8D3" box="[903,1053,1789,1814]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="273" precision="15" value="106.02417">E106°01’27”</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFB50AF5FFBAFFC80F6FF93CFA8DF8D3" box="[1066,1188,1790,1814]" pageId="22" pageNumber="273" value="2004-05-22">22-V-2004</date>
|
||
, W. Tang, #1 (56); #2 (20);
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FF027FFBAFFC80B9DF8E0FF88F8FE" bold="true" box="[216,417,1826,1851]" pageId="22" pageNumber="273">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31C6CA5FFBAFFC80B9DF8E0FF35F8FE" box="[216,284,1826,1851]" name="India" pageId="22" pageNumber="273">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Manipur:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Nongmaiching, ex
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B57B6FFBAFFC809CFF8E1FD68F8FF" box="[650,833,1827,1850]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Cycadaceae" genus="Cycas" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="22" pageNumber="273" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pectinata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FF027FFBAFFC809CFF8E1FD68F8FF" box="[650,833,1827,1850]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="273">Cycas pectinata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
♀ cone, 2007, J. Singh & R. Singh (2). These are deposited at
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1AB4F0FFBAFFC80A61F884FF42F89B" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" box="[292,363,1862,1886]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" name="Australian National Insect Collection" pageId="22" pageNumber="273">ANIC</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1AB4F0FFBAFFC80A32F885FFE7F89B" box="[375,462,1863,1886]" pageId="22" pageNumber="273">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1AB4F0FFBAFFC80A9CF884FC0BF89B" box="[473,546,1862,1886]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/jekt-x82m" name="Florida State Collection of Arthropods, The Museum of Entomology" pageId="22" pageNumber="273">FSCA</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1AB4F0FFBAFFC80968F884FCA8F89B" box="[557,641,1862,1886]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/crjh-4ne1" name="Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences" pageId="22" pageNumber="273">IZCAS</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1AB4F0FFBAFFC809C9F885FCCDF89B" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[652,740,1863,1886]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="22" pageNumber="273">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1AB4F0FFBAFFC809AAF884FD17F89B" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34070" box="[751,830,1862,1886]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34070" name="New Zealand Arthropod Collection" pageId="22" pageNumber="273">NZAC</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1AB4F0FFBAFFC8080CF884FDB7F89B" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[841,926,1862,1886]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="22" pageNumber="273">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF747CBDFFBBFFC90BD2F8ABFA2BF81E" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240322/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="274" targetBox="[414,1173,212,1840]" targetPageId="23">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB42C35FFBBFFC90BD2F8ABFA2BF81E" blockId="23.[151,1436,1897,2011]" pageId="23" pageNumber="274">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FF027FFBBFFC90BD2F8ABFF09F8BA" bold="true" box="[151,288,1897,1919]" pageId="23" pageNumber="274">FIGURE 11.</emphasis>
|
||
Phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences of four species of New World
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B57B6FFBBFFC90FE9F8ABFB14F8BA" box="[1196,1341,1897,1919]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Pharaxonotha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="274" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FF027FFBBFFC90FE9F8ABFB14F8BA" box="[1196,1341,1897,1919]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="274">Pharaxonotha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and four species of Asian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B57B6FFBBFFC90A0DF84AFFE3F85B" box="[328,458,1928,1950]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Cycadophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="274" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FF027FFBBFFC90A0DF84AFFE3F85B" box="[328,458,1928,1950]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="274">Cycadophila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
found on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B57B6FFBBFFC90973F84BFCC4F85B" box="[566,749,1928,1950]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Cycadaceae" genus="Cycas" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="23" pageNumber="274" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="debaoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FF027FFBBFFC90973F84BFCC4F85B" box="[566,749,1928,1950]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="274">Cycas debaoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and using:
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FF027FFBBFFC90822F84AFDABF85B" bold="true" box="[871,898,1928,1950]" pageId="23" pageNumber="274">A)</emphasis>
|
||
Maximum likelihood analysis;
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FF027FFBBFFC90F8EF84AFACAF85B" bold="true" box="[1227,1251,1928,1950]" pageId="23" pageNumber="274">B)</emphasis>
|
||
Neighbor joining analysis;
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FF027FFBBFFC90BB3F865FF38F878" bold="true" box="[246,273,1959,1981]" pageId="23" pageNumber="274">C)</emphasis>
|
||
Maximum parsimony analysis. Scale bars indicate base pair substitutions per nucleotide position; numbers on the branches of the trees are bootstrap values. No test was used for long-branch attraction.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF747CBDFFB4FFC60BD2F918FF0DF8EB" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240323/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="275" targetBox="[150,1436,193,1715]" targetPageId="24">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB42C35FFB4FFC60BD2F918FF0DF8EB" blockId="24.[151,1436,1754,1838]" pageId="24" pageNumber="275">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FF027FFB4FFC60BD2F918FF36F935" bold="true" box="[151,287,1754,1776]" pageId="24" pageNumber="275">FIGURE 12.</emphasis>
|
||
Photographs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B57B6FFB4FFC60A80F918FC93F935" box="[453,698,1754,1776]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Pharaxonotha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="275" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="floridana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FF027FFB4FFC60A80F918FC93F935" box="[453,698,1754,1776]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="275">Pharaxonotha floridana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FF027FFB4FFC60982F918FD29F935" bold="true" box="[711,768,1754,1776]" pageId="24" pageNumber="275">A–C)</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal, ventral and lateral habitus;
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FF027FFB4FFC60F2CF918FAAAF935" bold="true" box="[1129,1155,1754,1776]" pageId="24" pageNumber="275">D)</emphasis>
|
||
SEM head, dorsal view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FF027FFB4FFC60EC6F918FBB2F935" bold="true" box="[1411,1435,1754,1776]" pageId="24" pageNumber="275">E)</emphasis>
|
||
SEM head, ventral view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FF027FFB4FFC60ADAF93BFF9EF8CA" bold="true" box="[415,439,1785,1807]" pageId="24" pageNumber="275">F)</emphasis>
|
||
Male genital capsule, dorsal view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FF027FFB4FFC60862F93BFD6BF8CA" bold="true" box="[807,834,1785,1807]" pageId="24" pageNumber="275">G)</emphasis>
|
||
Tegmen and median lobe, lateral view (above) and dorsal view (below).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3117FBEFFB4FFC70B82F898FF93FE30" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="276" pageId="24" pageNumber="275" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB42C35FFB4FFC70B82F898FF93FE30" blockId="24.[151,1436,1882,2016]" lastBlockId="25.[151,1437,151,501]" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="276" pageId="24" pageNumber="275">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FF027FFB4FFC60B82F898FF12F8B6" bold="true" box="[199,315,1882,1907]" pageId="24" pageNumber="275">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Specimens placed here show color pattern variation from solid color to striped elytra (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133030B0FFB4FFC60E46F898FB7CF8B6" box="[1283,1365,1882,1907]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="22.[151,250,942,964]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,919]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1436,193,920]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 10. Photographs of Cycadophila yunnanensis variation from CHINA: Guangxi, Dingye. A) Female; B – C) Male (note weakly curved metatibia)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240321/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="275">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
), with intermediate color morphs. Molecular analysis of the 16S rRNA gene for 25 individuals of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B57B6FFB4FFC60FA8F8BDFBB2F852" box="[1261,1435,1919,1943]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Pharaxonotha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="275" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yunnanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FF027FFB4FFC60FA8F8BDFBB2F852" box="[1261,1435,1919,1943]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="275">C. yunnanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
morphotype from the Fuping population reveals three variants of this gene (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133030B0FFB4FFC60F6EF860FAABF87E" box="[1067,1154,1954,1979]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1897,1919]" captionTargetBox="[414,1173,212,1840]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[393,1181,193,1865]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 11. Phylogenetic trees based on 16 S rRNA gene sequences of four species of New World Pharaxonotha and four species of Asian Cycadophila found on Cycas debaoensis and using: A) Maximum likelihood analysis; B) Neighbor joining analysis; C) Maximum parsimony analysis. Scale bars indicate base pair substitutions per nucleotide position; numbers on the branches of the trees are bootstrap values. No test was used for long-branch attraction." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240322/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="275">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
). At least two of these genotypes are found in the Napo population and one as far away as Manipur,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31C6CA5FFB4FFC60F5DF804FA7BF81A" box="[1048,1106,1990,2015]" name="India" pageId="24" pageNumber="275">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
on another species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B57B6FFB4FFC60E12F805FBB5F81B" box="[1367,1436,1991,2014]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Cycadaceae" genus="Cycas" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="24" pageNumber="275" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FF027FFB4FFC60E12F805FBB5F81B" box="[1367,1436,1991,2014]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="275">Cycas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(data not shown). This color variation is found within at least two of these genotypes. Although morphological analysis has not yielded any data to support more than one species being present, the genetic variation is relatively high for this species and there may be cryptic species present. Dissection of adults confirms cycad pollen in their guts. Adults are found in small numbers in male cones of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B57B6FFB5FFC70871FEC7FDD6FED8" box="[820,1023,260,285]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Cycadaceae" genus="Cycas" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="25" pageNumber="276" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="debaoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FF027FFB5FFC70871FEC7FDD6FED8" box="[820,1023,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="276">Cycas debaoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at the early stage of elongation and pollen shed and they account for a small percentage of the adult
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B57B6FFB5FFC708D5FEE5FA36FE85" box="[912,1055,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Cycadophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="276" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FF027FFB5FFC708D5FEE5FA36FE85" box="[912,1055,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="276">Cycadophila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
present at this stage (range 3.3– 30.3%, mean = 10.9%, n = 5 cones), but numbers increase up to hundreds in cones that have completed pollen shedding and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B57B6FFB5FFC70A72FEB2FFCCFE4D" box="[311,485,368,392]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Pharaxonotha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="276" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yunnanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FF027FFB5FFC70A72FEB2FFCCFE4D" box="[311,485,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="276">C. yunnanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
usually makes up the highest proportion of adult
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B57B6FFB5FFC70F6CFEADFA91FE4D" box="[1065,1208,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Cycadophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="276" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FF027FFB5FFC70F6CFEADFA91FE4D" box="[1065,1208,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="276">Cycadophila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at this stage (range 41.1–100.0%, mean = 75.3%, n = 7 cones). No larval morphotype has been found in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B57B6FFB5FFC70F01FE57FB25FE68" box="[1092,1292,404,429]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Cycadaceae" genus="Cycas" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="25" pageNumber="276" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="debaoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FF027FFB5FFC70F01FE57FB25FE68" box="[1092,1292,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="276">Cycas debaoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
cones which may correspond with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B57B6FFB5FFC70AC9FE7AFC11FE15" box="[396,568,440,464]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Pharaxonotha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="276" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yunnanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FF027FFB5FFC70AC9FE7AFC11FE15" box="[396,568,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="276">C. yunnanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and this species may be also be an opportunistic visitor that reproduces and feeds on alternative hosts.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |