198 lines
22 KiB
XML
198 lines
22 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="7F500D0BDAEDF12F54EA568DFE1D163E">The bats of the Congo and of Rwanda and Burundi revisited (Mammalia: Chiroptera)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="1A2C5F0BADFBF7A10BC5F26A8FAD73FA">Cakenberghe, Victor Van</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="01C9D6E499B41042BA60C3C5DAF876D1">University of Antwerp, Department of Biology, Functional Morphology, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein, 1, B- 2610 Antwerpen (Wilrijk), Belgium. & AfricanBats NPC, 357 Botha Ave, Kloofsig, 0157, Republic of South Africa. & urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: 9 A 0 E 1 AF 5 - C 248 - 4648 - 9 D 64 - 443112890346 & Corresponding author: Victor. VanCakenberghe @ uantwerpen. be</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="39BEBD7AEA54C39CC361F9814C174DF6" type="email">akenberghe@uantwerpen.be</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="BE04E5A038C65AC299512B91440DC0AE">Tungaluna, Guy-Crispin Gembu</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="8E02810B042F20609BD3EF2F4F504FF9">Faculté des Sciences, Université de Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo. & Email: gembuguycrispin @ gmail. com & urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: 2 AE 2 F 96 F-A 138 - 419 B-B 650 - 6 DB 44 D 535 D 14 & Faculté des Sciences, Université de Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo. & Email: prescottmusaba @ yahoo. fr & urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: 4 C 40421 C- 1 D 84 - 4 BD 1 - A 444 - 360300 ECBEEC</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="F20910C0D9616A52E0C0CB976ECF2993" type="email">gembuguycrispin@gmail.com&prescottmusaba@yahoo.fr</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="88475D65F6227B349B0A4D94EA8CE406">Akawa, Prescott Musaba</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="292547ADA468C0E7823FC51FAD00756F">Seamark, Ernest</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="CA51BD80FE23E8CE8CC28699839AB842">AfricanBats NPC, 357 Botha Ave, Kloofsig, 0157, Republic of South Africa. & Centre for Wildlife Management, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X 20 Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, Republic of South Africa. & Email: ernest. seamark @ africanbats. org & urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: B 60 CA 9 A 1 - D 288 - 468 E-AEEB-D 0 F 136 E 96 F 5 B</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="E8114F5470A0B1736278B604BF510464" type="email">ernest.seamark@africanbats.org</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="0CB6ED37587A67DD1B95FA860D84E775">Verheyen, Erik</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="69CA8B9216998CC6D6574D793B5DF02B">Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences - OD Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Vautierstraat 29, 1000 Brussels, Belgium. & University of Antwerp, Department of Biology, Evolutionary Ecology, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein 1, B- 2610 Antwerpen (Wilrijk), Belgium. & Email: erik. verheyen @ naturalsciences. be & urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: 86 B 40463 - E 3 D 9 - 4147 - 9 ED 3 - D 7302 E 0 D 64 B 6</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="7B52EF9ED13B9C500BAAE0C09D9590EE" type="email">erik.verheyen@naturalsciences.be</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="BC9AEEEC5D85DCCEE6201720AD7EC2DC">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="455EF03D25476046765948DE8B41C929">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="26DC54D141A2BE3682765CF7B4FCF54D">382</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03898787984D5A4FD820FB90D6E0F8AB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3861405" ID-GBIF-Taxon="164362442" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3861405" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03898787984D5A4FD820FB90D6E0F8AB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03898787984D5A4FD820FB90D6E0F8AB" lastPageNumber="82" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
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<taxonomicName id="4C204D12984D5A4FD820FB90D1E7FBD5" ID-CoL="4VY5Q" authority="(Schreber, 1774)" baseAuthorityName="Schreber" baseAuthorityYear="1774" box="[577,1010,1051,1078]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigrita">
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<emphasis id="B954EA83984D5A4FD820FB90D13DFBD5" bold="true" box="[577,808,1051,1078]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Scotophilus nigrita</emphasis>
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(Schreber, 1774)
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<paragraph id="8B9F3691984D5A4FD8B5FBB4D14AFBB9" blockId="81.[577,1010,1051,1113]" box="[724,863,1087,1113]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
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<figureCitation id="131B2A14984D5A4FD8B5FBB4D133FBB9" box="[724,806,1087,1113]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="82.[189,232,1929,1955]" captionTargetBox="[233,1353,305,1876]" captionTargetId="figure@82.[225,1363,297,1886]" captionTargetPageId="82" captionText="Fig. 37. Distribution maps. A–B. Scotophilus leucogaster (Cretzschmar, 1826). C–D. Scotophilus nigrita (Schreber, 1774). E–F. Scotophilus nux Thomas, 1904. A, C, E. Distribution in the CRB area. B, D, F. Pan-African distribution." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860161" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3860161/files/figure.png" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Fig. 37</figureCitation>
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C–D
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<subSubSection id="C33A651A984D5A4FDADCFBF2D087FB57" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B9F3691984D5A4FDADCFBF2D084FB73" blockId="81.[189,658,1145,1208]" box="[189,657,1145,1171]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
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<taxonomicName id="4C204D12984D5A4FDADCFBF2D098FB73" ID-CoL="86JY" authority="Nigrita Schreber, 1774: 171" authorityName="Nigrita Schreber" authorityPageNumber="171" authorityYear="1774" box="[189,653,1145,1171]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Vespertilio" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B954EA83984D5A4FDADCFBF2D382FB73" box="[189,407,1145,1171]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Vespertilio Nigrita</emphasis>
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Schreber, 1774: 171
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9F3691984D5A4FDADCFB15D087FB57" blockId="81.[189,658,1145,1208]" box="[189,658,1181,1208]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3011BF984D5A4FDADCFB15D087FB57" box="[189,658,1181,1208]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
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<emphasis id="B954EA83984D5A4FDADCFB15D2D9FB58" box="[189,204,1182,1208]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">*</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0A811080984D5A4FDAB2FB16D098FB57" box="[211,653,1181,1208]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
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<taxonomicName id="4C204D12984D5A4FDAB2FB16D098FB57" authority="Dobson, 1875: 122" authorityName="Dobson" authorityPageNumber="122" authorityYear="1875" box="[211,653,1181,1208]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gigas">
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<emphasis id="B954EA83984D5A4FDAB2FB16D3B6FB57" box="[211,419,1181,1207]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Scotophilus gigas</emphasis>
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Dobson, 1875: 122
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C33A651A984D5A4FDADCFB56D6E0F8AB" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8B9F3691984D5A4FDADCFB56D739FA82" blockId="81.[189,1399,1245,1379]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
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Until Robbins (1978: 212), the largest representative of the genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C204D12984D5A4FD98EFB56D66DFB17" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1821" box="[1007,1144,1245,1271]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B954EA83984D5A4FD98EFB56D66DFB17" box="[1007,1144,1245,1271]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Scotophilus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was called
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<taxonomicName id="4C204D12984D5A4FDF6FFB55D765FB17" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1875" box="[1294,1392,1246,1272]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gigas">
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<emphasis id="B954EA83984D5A4FDF6FFB55D765FB17" box="[1294,1392,1246,1272]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">S. gigas</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, whereas this should be
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<taxonomicName id="4C204D12984D5A4FDBB8FA8AD05CFAFB" baseAuthorityName="Schreber" baseAuthorityYear="1774" box="[473,585,1281,1307]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigrita">
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<emphasis id="B954EA83984D5A4FDBB8FA8AD05CFAFB" box="[473,585,1281,1307]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">S. nigrita</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, a name that had been used for the medium-sized African form for decades. Unfortunately, this led to confusion that left its mark on a lot of subsequent publications, where it wasn’t always clear whether
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<taxonomicName id="4C204D12984D5A4FD848FAC2D06CFA82" baseAuthorityName="Schreber" baseAuthorityYear="1774" box="[553,633,1353,1378]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigrita">
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||
<emphasis id="B954EA83984D5A4FD848FAC2D06CFA82" box="[553,633,1353,1378]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">nigrita</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was used to designate the large or the medium-sized form.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8B9F3691984D5A4FDADCFA00D762FA28" blockId="81.[189,1399,1418,1480]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B60984D5A4FDADCFA00D3FEFA45" author="Hayman" box="[189,491,1418,1445]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Hayman" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" pagination="1 - 105" refId="ref265860" refString="Hayman R. W., Misonne X. & Verheyen W. N. 1966. The bats of the Congo and of Rwanda and Burundi. Annalen van het Koninklijk Museum voor Midden Afrika, Zoologische Wetenschappen, Ser. 8, 154: 1 - 105." type="journal article" year="1966">
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Hayman
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<emphasis id="B954EA83984D5A4FDB4AFA00D37CFA44" box="[299,361,1418,1444]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">et al.</emphasis>
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||
(1966: 56
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</bibRefCitation>
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, map 81) reported “
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<taxonomicName id="4C204D12984D5A4FD883FA01D157FA44" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1875" box="[738,834,1418,1444]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gigas">
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<emphasis id="B954EA83984D5A4FD883FA01D157FA44" box="[738,834,1418,1444]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">S. gigas</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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” from one locality: Albertville (= Kalemie) in Tanganyika Province. The only other specimen from the CRB area was collected in
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<collectingRegion id="49E4F873984D5A4FDEE1FA25D713FA28" box="[1152,1286,1454,1480]" country="Burundi" name="Bujumbura Mairie" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Bujumbura</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F3377601984D5A4FDF71FA25D766FA28" box="[1296,1395,1454,1480]" name="Burundi" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Burundi</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9F3691984D5A4FDADCFA7BD6E0F8AB" blockId="81.[189,1399,1519,1867]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
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With the exception of two small areas in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3377601984D5A4FD8ADFA7BD109F9EA" box="[716,796,1520,1546]" name="Ghana" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Ghana</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B60984D5A4FD94CFA7BD1F3F9EA" author="Happold" box="[813,998,1520,1546]" firstAuthor="Happold" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" refId="ref264870" refString="Happold M. & Happold D. 2013. Mammals of Africa Volume IV. Hedgehogs, Shrews and Bats. Bloomsbury, London." type="book" year="2013">Happold (2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
am: 679) only plotted individual localities on her distribution map, which shows
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D12984D5A4FD963F99FD14BF9CD" baseAuthorityName="Trouessart" baseAuthorityYear="1897" box="[770,862,1555,1582]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Chaerephon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="81" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="major">a major</taxonomicName>
|
||
gap between the locality in western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3377601984D5A4FDF7FF998D763F9CD" box="[1310,1398,1555,1581]" name="Nigeria" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
(the easternmost for West Africa) and central
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3377601984D5A4FD885F9BCD124F9B1" box="[740,817,1591,1617]" name="Sudan" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Sudan</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Further to the south, there are records from the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3377601984D5A4FDADCF9D0D2E9F995" box="[189,252,1627,1653]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">DRC</collectingCountry>
|
||
, coastal
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3377601984D5A4FDB0BF9D0D3A2F995" box="[362,439,1627,1653]" name="Kenya" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3377601984D5A4FDB99F9D0D070F995" box="[504,613,1627,1653]" name="Tanzania" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3377601984D5A4FD8CAF9D0D15FF995" box="[683,842,1627,1653]" name="Mozambique" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B60984D5A4FD936F9D0D62EF995" author="ACR" box="[855,1083,1627,1653]" firstAuthor="ACR" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" refId="ref254905" refString="ACR. 2016. African Chiroptera Report. AfricanBats, Pretoria. Available from http: // www. africanbats. org / index. php / publications / africa-chiroptera-report [accessed 28 Sep. 2017]." type="url" year="2016">ACR (2016: 1120)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
provides some additional records from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3377601984D5A4FDB01F9F5D3B0F978" box="[352,421,1662,1688]" name="Niger" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Niger</collectingCountry>
|
||
, northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3377601984D5A4FD841F9F5D088F978" box="[544,669,1662,1688]" name="Cameroon" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3377601984D5A4FD8CAF9F5D0E1F978" box="[683,756,1662,1688]" name="Sudan" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Sudan</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3377601984D5A4FD953F9F5D1D9F978" box="[818,972,1662,1688]" name="South Sudan" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">South Sudan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, which more or less bridge the gap between West Africa and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3377601984D5A4FDB84F929D024F95C" box="[485,561,1698,1724]" name="Sudan" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Sudan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and which also may confirm the assignment of the Sudanese specimens to the nominate subspecies as mentioned by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B60984D5A4FD8A8F94DD169F900" author="Happold" box="[713,892,1734,1760]" firstAuthor="Happold" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" refId="ref264870" refString="Happold M. & Happold D. 2013. Mammals of Africa Volume IV. Hedgehogs, Shrews and Bats. Bloomsbury, London." type="book" year="2013">Happold (2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
am: 678). The SDM map also suggests that such a connection might well be possible through the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3377601984D5A4FD95EF962D67CF8E3" box="[831,1129,1769,1795]" name="Central African Republic" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Central African Republic</collectingCountry>
|
||
and central
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3377601984D5A4FDE9DF962D763F8E3" box="[1276,1398,1769,1795]" name="Cameroon" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
|
||
or through central
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3377601984D5A4FDBF8F886D3C2F8C7" box="[409,471,1805,1831]" name="Chad" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Chad</collectingCountry>
|
||
and northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3377601984D5A4FD81DF886D0EFF8C7" box="[636,762,1805,1831]" name="Cameroon" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Although the species hasn’t been confirmed from the central African rainforest, its occurrence in the West African forest block makes it plausible.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |