treatments-xml/data/A2/70/8A/A2708A02FFB9FFFDFF785544FC0BFB3B.xml

<document id="FE87A9CC421786E39028DF0575012B74" ID-DOI="10.34631/sporl.419" ID-ISSN="1175­5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5127135" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1627041560841" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Hernández, Luis Miguel, Shelley, Anthony John, Dias, Antonio Paulino Andrade De Luna &amp; Maia-Herzog, Marilza" docDate="2008" docId="A2708A02FFB9FFFDFF785544FC0BFB3B" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01834p100.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1834" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.34631/sporl.419" docStyle="DocumentStyle:C4791ACFF01C5C140D2C1A203DB3C9B0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.monograph" docStyleId="C4791ACFF01C5C140D2C1A203DB3C9B0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.monograph" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Simulium (Chirostilbia) friedlanderi Py-Daniel" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="26" masterDocId="5E49F27AFFAEFFE4FFEF537EFFBBFFA1" masterDocTitle="Carcinoma Folicular de Tiroides concomitante con Hiperparatiroidismo Primario. Caso Clínico" masterLastPageNumber="100" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="24" updateTime="1699015142144" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="BB82FA0AA2E62F20A4859793C0E9E602">Carcinoma Folicular de Tiroides concomitante con Hiperparatiroidismo Primario. Caso Clínico</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="60241FB429A068F25A573E748F87B055">Dias, Antonio Paulino Andrade De Luna</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="FB8443AE9199F1617FD73C6032154C96">Maia-Herzog, Marilza</mods:namePart>
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<paragraph id="2A663B14FFB9FFF3FF785544FD69F9F2" blockId="23.[151,1113,1593,1655]" box="[151,722,1593,1620]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<heading id="712E8C78FFB9FFF3FF785544FD69F9F2" bold="true" box="[151,722,1593,1620]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="EDD94097FFB9FFF3FF785544FD69F9F2" ID-CoL="8DX7R" authority="Py-Daniel" authorityName="Py-Daniel" box="[151,722,1593,1620]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="friedlanderi" subGenus="Chirostilbia">
<emphasis id="18ADE706FFB9FFF3FF785544FD69F9F2" bold="true" box="[151,722,1593,1620]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="18ADE706FFB9FFF3FF785544FEB5F9F5" bold="true" box="[151,270,1594,1620]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Simulium</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="18ADE706FFB9FFF3FEF05544FE15F9F5" bold="true" box="[287,430,1594,1620]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Chirostilbia</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="18ADE706FFB9FFF3FE505544FDF5F9F5" bold="true" box="[447,590,1594,1620]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">friedlanderi</emphasis>
Py-Daniel
</emphasis>
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</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="62C3689FFFB9FFF3FF785523FE25F880" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="description">
<paragraph id="2A663B14FFB9FFF3FF785523FBE2F9D6" blockId="23.[151,1113,1593,1655]" box="[151,1113,1629,1655]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
(
<figureCitation id="B2E22791FFB9FFF3FF705523FF49F9D6" box="[159,242,1629,1655]" captionStart="PLATE 1" captionStartId="55.[151,238,1874,1898]" captionTargetBox="[204,1380,151,1834]" captionTargetId="figure-102@55.[184,1390,97,1869]" captionTargetPageId="55" captionText="PLATE 1. FIGURES 1–15. Nudiocular area of: 1: S. bifenestratum (After Hamada &amp; Pepinelli, 2004); 2: S. dekeyseri paratype; 3: S. distinctum; 4: S. empascae; 5: S. friedlanderi; 6: S. jefersoni paratype; 7: S. obesum; 8: S. papaveroi (after Coscarón, 1981); 9: S. pertinax; 10: C. flavifemur paralectotype; 11: T. lutziana paralectotype; 12: S. riograndense; 13: S. serranus (after Coscarón, 1982); 14: S. spinibranchium; 15: S. subpallidum. [Scale bar for all photographs except Figs. 8, 13.]" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5127137" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5127137/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Figs. 5</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="B2E22791FFB9FFF3FF105523FEA4F9D6" box="[255,287,1629,1655]" captionStart="PLATE 2" captionStartId="56.[151,238,1811,1835]" captionTargetBox="[155,1395,189,1764]" captionTargetId="figure-106@56.[151,1436,172,1787]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="PLATE 2. FIGURES 16–30. Cibarium of: 16: S. bifenestratum (After Hamada &amp; Pepinelli, 2004); 17: S. dekeyseri paratype; 18: S. distinctum; 19: S. empascae; 20: S. friedlanderi; 21: S. jefersoni paratype; 22: S. obesum; 23: S. papaveroi (after Coscarón, 1981); 24: S. pertinax; 25: C. flavifemur paralectotype; 26: T. lutziana paralectotype; 27: S. riograndense; 28: S. serranus (after Coscarón, 1982); 29: S. spinibranchium; 30: S. subpallidum. [Scale bar for all photographs except Figs. 23, 28.]" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5127139" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5127139/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">20</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="B2E22791FFB9FFF3FEC45523FECCF9D6" box="[299,375,1629,1655]" captionStart="PLATE 3" captionStartId="57.[151,238,1901,1925]" captionTargetBox="[188,1402,191,1870]" captionTargetId="figure-86@57.[168,1412,131,1899]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="PLATE 3. FIGURES 31–44. Colour patterns for female thorax. For each species first figure is with anterior illumination and second figure with posterior illumination: 31, 32: S. bifenestratum (After Hamada &amp; Pepinelli, 2004); 33, 34: S. dekeyseri holotype; 35, 36: S. dekeyseri paratype; 37, 38: S. dekeyseri variation; 39,40: S. distinctum lectotype; 41, 42: S. empascae; 43, 44: S. friedlanderi; 45, 46: S. jefersoni paratype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5127141" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5127141/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">43, 44</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="B2E22791FFB9FFF3FE6C5523FE74F9D6" box="[387,463,1629,1655]" captionStart="PLATE 6" captionStartId="60.[151,238,1646,1670]" captionTargetBox="[182,1419,229,1586]" captionTargetId="figure-63@60.[151,1436,194,1622]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="PLATE 6. FIGURES 73–90. Colour pattern for female front, mid and hind legs, respectively. 73–75: S. bifenestratum (After Hamada &amp; Pepinelli, 2004); 76–78: S. dekeyseri paratype; 79–81: S. distinctum; 82–84: S. friedlanderi; 85–87: S. jefersoni paratype; 88–90: S. obesum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5127149" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5127149/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">82–84</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="B2E22791FFB9FFF3FE355523FDBCF9D6" box="[474,519,1629,1655]" captionStart="PLATE 8" captionStartId="62.[151,238,1936,1960]" captionTargetBox="[171,1409,151,1910]" captionTargetId="figure-60@62.[151,1436,151,1928]" captionTargetPageId="62" captionText="PLATE 8. FIGURES 106–112. Female gonapophyses of: 106: S. bifenestratum (After Hamada &amp; Pepinelli, 2004); 107: S. dekeyseri paratype; 108: S. distinctum lectotype; 109: S. empascae; 110: S. friedlanderi; 111: S. jefersoni paratype; 112: S. obesum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5127153" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5127153/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">110</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="B2E22791FFB9FFF3FDFB5523FDF9F9D6" box="[532,578,1629,1655]" captionStart="PLATE 10" captionStartId="64.[151,238,1867,1891]" captionTargetBox="[205,1384,154,1849]" captionTargetId="figure-105@64.[183,1408,137,1937]" captionTargetPageId="64" captionText="PLATE 10. FIGURES 121–136. Female cercus and paraproct of: 121: S. bifenestratum (After Hamada &amp; Pepinelli, 2004); 122: S. dekeyseri paratype; 123: S. distinctum lectotype; 124: S. distinctum, São Paulo, Brazil; 125: S. empascae; 126: S. friedlanderi; 127: S. jefersoni paratype; 128: S. obesum; 129: S. papaveroi (After Coscarón, 1982); 130: S. pertinax; 131: C. flavifemur paralectotype; 132: T. lutziana paralectotype; 133: S. riograndense; 134: S. serranus; 135: S. spinibranchium; 136: S. subpallidum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5127161" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5127161/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">126</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="B2E22791FFB9FFF3FDA05523FDC6F9D6" box="[591,637,1629,1655]" captionStart="PLATE 11" captionStartId="65.[151,238,1881,1905]" captionTargetBox="[205,1385,151,1851]" captionTargetId="figure-94@65.[186,1411,135,1935]" captionTargetPageId="65" captionText="PLATE 11. FIGURES 137–151. Female genital fork of: 137: S. bifenestratum (After Hamada &amp; Pepinelli, 2004); 138: S. dekeyseri paratype; 139: S. distinctum lectotype; 140: S. empascae; 141: S. friedlanderi; 142: S. jefersoni paratype; 143: S. obesum; 144: S. papaveroi (After Coscarón, 1982); 145: S. pertinax; 146: C. flavifemur paralectotype; 147: T. lutziana paralectotype; 148: S. riograndense; 149: S. serranus; 150: S. spinibranchium; 151: S. subpallidum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5127165" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5127165/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">141</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="B2E22791FFB9FFF3FD665523FD49F9D6" box="[649,754,1629,1655]" captionStart="PLATE 12" captionStartId="66.[151,238,1893,1917]" captionTargetBox="[215,1394,154,1865]" captionTargetId="figure-98@66.[195,1420,139,1939]" captionTargetPageId="66" captionText="PLATE 12. FIGURES 152–165. Colour patterns for male thorax. For each species first figure is with anterior illumination and second figure with posterior illumination, except for Fig. 153 in which the specimen is positioned dorso-laterally. 152, 153: S. bifenestratum (After Hamada &amp; Pepinelli, 2004); 154, 155: S. dekeyseri paratype; 156, 157: S. distinctum; 158, 159: S. empascae; 160, 161: S. friedlanderi; 162, 163: S. jefersoni paratype; 164, 165: S. obesum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5127167" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5127167/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">160, 161</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="B2E22791FFB9FFF3FD115523FC97F9D6" box="[766,812,1629,1655]" captionStart="PLATE 14" captionStartId="68.[151,238,1875,1899]" captionTargetBox="[203,1382,151,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-108@68.[183,1408,135,1886]" captionTargetPageId="68" captionText="PLATE 14. FIGURES 180–193. Male gonocoxite and gonostyle of: 180: S. bifenestratum (After Hamada &amp; Pepinelli, 2004); 181: S. dekeyseri paratype; 182: S. distinctum; 183: S. empascae; 184: S. friedlanderi; 185: S. jefersoni paratype; 186: S. obesum; 187: S. papaveroi (After Coscarón, 1982); 188: S. pertinax; 189: S. riograndense; 190: S. serranus paratype; 191: S. spinibranchium; 192: S. subpallidum (longitudinal ridge undeveloped); 193: S. subpallidum (longitudinal ridge developed). [Scale bars for all photographs except for photographs 180, 187.]" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5127173" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5127173/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">184</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="B2E22791FFB9FFF3FCD65523FCDCF9D6" box="[825,871,1629,1655]" captionStart="PLATE 15" captionStartId="69.[151,238,1352,1376]" captionTargetBox="[171,1418,211,1293]" captionTargetId="figure-86@69.[151,1436,194,1328]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="PLATE 15. FIGURES 194–205. Male ventral plate of: 194: S. bifenestratum (After Hamada &amp; Pepinelli, 2004); 195: S. dekeyseri paratype; 196: S. distinctum; 197: S. empascae; 198: S. friedlanderi; 199: S. jefersoni paratype; 200: S. obesum; 201: S. pertinax; 202: S. riograndense; 203: S. serranus paratype; 204: S. spinibranchium; 205: S. subpallidum [Scale bars for all photographs except photograph 194]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5127175" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5127175/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">198</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="B2E22791FFB9FFF3FC9B5523FC18F9D6" box="[884,931,1629,1655]" captionStart="PLATE 16" captionStartId="70.[151,238,1548,1572]" captionTargetBox="[200,1378,211,1494]" captionTargetId="figure-95@70.[181,1406,194,1525]" captionTargetPageId="70" captionText="PLATE 16. FIGURES 206–218. Male median sclerite of: 206: S. bifenestratum (After Hamada &amp; Pepinelli, 2004); 207: S. dekeyseri paratype; 208: S. distinctum; 209: S. empascae; 210: S. friedlanderi; 211: S. jefersoni paratype; 212: S. obesum; 213: S. papaveroi (After Coscarón, 1982); 214: S. pertinax; 215: S. riograndense; 216: S. serranus paratype; 217: S. spinibranchium; 218: S. subpallidum [Scale bar for all photographs except photographs 206, 213]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5127177" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5127177/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">210</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="B2E22791FFB9FFF3FC415523FC67F9D6" box="[942,988,1629,1655]" captionStart="PLATE 17" captionStartId="71.[151,238,1938,1962]" captionTargetBox="[171,1399,158,1924]" captionTargetId="figure-73@71.[151,1436,127,1947]" captionTargetPageId="71" captionText="PLATE 17. FIGURES 219–226. Male paramere of: 219: S. bifenestratum (After Hamada &amp; Pepinelli, 2004); 220: S. dekeyseri paratype; 221: S. distinctum; 222: S. empascae; 223: S. friedlanderi; 224: S. jefersoni paratype; 225: S. obesum; 226: S. papaveroi (After Coscarón, 1982). [Scale bar for all photographs except for photographs 219, 226]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5127181" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5127181/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">223</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="B2E22791FFB9FFF3FC065523FBA3F9D6" box="[1001,1048,1629,1655]" captionStart="PLATE 19" captionStartId="73.[151,238,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[200,1388,180,1894]" captionTargetId="figure-79@73.[181,1406,131,1931]" captionTargetPageId="73" captionText="PLATE 19. FIGURES 232–239. Lateral view of cocoon and pupal exuviae of: 232: S. bifenestratum (After Hamada &amp; Pepinelli, 2004) (dorsal view); 233: S. dekeyseri paratype; 234: S. distinctum; 235: S. empascae; 236: S. friedlanderi; 237: S. jefersoni paratype; 238: S. obesum; 239: S. papaveroi (After Coscarón, 1982) [Scale bar for all photographs except photographs 232, 239.]" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5127185" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5127185/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">234</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="B2E22791FFB9FFF3FBCC5523FBEAF9D6" box="[1059,1105,1629,1655]" captionStart="PLATE 21" captionStartId="75.[151,238,1927,1951]" captionTargetBox="[191,1387,179,1888]" captionTargetId="figure-64@75.[181,1406,123,1923]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="PLATE 21. FIGURES 245–252. Right gill of: 245: S. bifenestratum (After Hamada &amp; Pepinelli, 2004); 246: S. dekeyseri paratype; 247: S. distinctum (common pattern); 248: S. distinctum (variation); 249: S. empascae; 250: S. friedlanderi; 251: S. jefersoni paratype; 252: S. obesum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5127191" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5127191/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">250</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A663B14FFB9FFF3FF7855C9FE25F880" blockId="23.[151,1436,1719,1825]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<materialsCitation id="9AB13149FFB9FFF3FF7855C9FE21F880" country="Brazil" location="Sao Paulo state" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sao Paulo">
This is an uncommon species from 
<collectingCountry id="52CE7B84FFB9FFF3FDDA55C9FD3BF970" box="[565,640,1719,1745]" name="Brazil" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Brazil</collectingCountry>
. We base our description mainly upon examination of 
<typeStatus id="F56285B6FFB9FFF3FB1355C9FA95F970" box="[1276,1326,1719,1745]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">type</typeStatus>
material, specimens collected in 
<collectingRegion id="E81DF5F6FFB9FFF3FE5A55A1FDCFF958" box="[437,628,1759,1785]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">São Paulo state</collectingRegion>
, and the morphological characters given in 
<bibRefCitation id="4E4846E5FFB9FFF3FB7A55A1FADEF958" author="Py-Daniel, V." box="[1173,1381,1759,1785]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="331 - 341" refId="ref46726" refString="Py-Daniel, V. (1987) Simuliidae (Diptera: Culicomorpha) no Brasil. V. Sobre o Simulium (Chirostilbia) friedlanderi sp. n. e revisao do Simulium (C.) laneportoi Vargas, 1941. Revista da Saude Publica, 21, 331 - 341." type="journal article" year="1987">Py-Daniel (1987)</bibRefCitation>
and Pepinelli 
<emphasis id="18ADE706FFB9FFF3FEE95476FEFAF880" box="[262,321,1800,1825]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">et al.</emphasis>
(2003)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="62C3689FFFB9FFF3FF785431FB99F827" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="2A663B14FFB9FFF3FF785431FB99F827" blockId="23.[151,1436,1871,1926]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="0AC91C3AFFB9FFF3FF785431FB99F827" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<treatmentCitation id="AB781D05FFB9FFF3FF785431FDC3F8C7" author="Py-Daniel, V." box="[151,632,1871,1894]" page="331" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" year="1987">
<taxonomicName id="EDD94097FFB9FFF3FF785431FDC3F8C7" ID-CoL="8DX7R" authority="Py-Daniel, 1987: 331" authorityName="Py-Daniel" authorityPageNumber="331" authorityYear="1987" box="[151,632,1871,1894]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="friedlanderi">
<emphasis id="18ADE706FFB9FFF3FF785431FE38F8C7" box="[151,387,1871,1894]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Simulium friedlanderi</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="9AB13149FFB9FFF3FE635431FDC3F8C7" box="[396,632,1871,1894]" collectingDate="1984-05-05" collectionCode="INPA" collectorName="Chapada dos Guimaraes" country="Brazil" location="Mato Grosso" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Mato Grosso" typeStatus="holotype">
<bibRefCitation id="4E4846E5FFB9FFF3FE635431FDC3F8C7" author="Py-Daniel, V." box="[396,632,1871,1894]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="331 - 341" refId="ref46726" refString="Py-Daniel, V. (1987) Simuliidae (Diptera: Culicomorpha) no Brasil. V. Sobre o Simulium (Chirostilbia) friedlanderi sp. n. e revisao do Simulium (C.) laneportoi Vargas, 1941. Revista da Saude Publica, 21, 331 - 341." type="journal article" year="1987">Py-Daniel, 1987: 331</bibRefCitation>
</materialsCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
. 
<typeStatus id="F56285B6FFB9FFF3FD6B5431FCAAF8C7" box="[644,785,1871,1894]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
pharate 
<specimenCount id="3CDFF09DFFB9FFF3FC9D542CFC3BF8C1" box="[882,896,1874,1888]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
and pupal exuviae, 
<collectingCountry id="52CE7B84FFB9FFF3FBB35431FB7AF8C7" box="[1116,1217,1871,1894]" name="Brazil" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
: 
<collectingRegion id="E81DF5F6FFB9FFF3FB225431FAE7F8C7" box="[1229,1372,1871,1894]" country="Brazil" name="Mato Grosso" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Mato Grosso</collectingRegion>
, Chapada, 
<collectorName id="872C5EC2FFB9FFF3FEE95411FDB6F827" box="[262,525,1903,1926]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Chapada dos Guimarães</collectorName>
; 
<date id="5E671DD4FFB9FFF3FDF75411FDCEF827" box="[536,629,1903,1926]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="1984-05-05">
<collectingDate id="4E23E43CFFB9FFF3FDF75411FDCEF827" box="[536,629,1903,1926]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="1984-05-05">5.v.1984</collectingDate>
</date>
, (
<emphasis id="18ADE706FFB9FFF3FD665411FD4DF827" box="[649,758,1903,1926]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Py-Daniel</emphasis>
) (INPA, 6099) [Examined.]
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="62C3689FFFB9FFFDFF7854CFFC0BFB3B" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="description">
<paragraph id="2A663B14FFB9FFF3FF7854CFFDA7F855" blockId="23.[151,1435,1969,2036]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="18ADE706FFB9FFF3FF7854CFFF42F86A" bold="true" box="[151,249,1969,1995]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Female.</emphasis>
General body colour dark brown. Body length (specimen pinned) 3.0 mm (n=1); wing length 
<quantity id="ED2196F1FFB9FFF3FAAC54CCFA20F86D" box="[1347,1435,1970,1996]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="2.8">2.8 mm</quantity>
(n=1), wing width 
<quantity id="ED2196F1FFB9FFF3FE9C54A4FE76F855" box="[371,461,2010,2036]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="1.3">1.3 mm</quantity>
(n=1).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A663B14FFB6FFFCFF2953E6FB1BFE8B" blockId="24.[151,1436,152,2018]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="18ADE706FFB6FFFCFF2953E6FE9BFF10" box="[198,288,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Head—</emphasis>
dichoptic with dark red eyes and nudiocular area developed (
<figureCitation id="B2E22791FFB6FFFCFBF453E6FBDCFF13" box="[1051,1127,152,178]" captionStart="PLATE 1" captionStartId="55.[151,238,1874,1898]" captionTargetBox="[204,1380,151,1834]" captionTargetId="figure-102@55.[184,1390,97,1869]" captionTargetPageId="55" captionText="PLATE 1. FIGURES 1–15. Nudiocular area of: 1: S. bifenestratum (After Hamada &amp; Pepinelli, 2004); 2: S. dekeyseri paratype; 3: S. distinctum; 4: S. empascae; 5: S. friedlanderi; 6: S. jefersoni paratype; 7: S. obesum; 8: S. papaveroi (after Coscarón, 1981); 9: S. pertinax; 10: C. flavifemur paralectotype; 11: T. lutziana paralectotype; 12: S. riograndense; 13: S. serranus (after Coscarón, 1982); 14: S. spinibranchium; 15: S. subpallidum. [Scale bar for all photographs except Figs. 8, 13.]" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5127137" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5127137/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
). Frons and occiput dark brown with silvery grey pruinosity; clypeus greyish with silver pruinosity; clypeus, frons and occiput covered by golden hairs. Mouthparts dark brown. Antennae with scape and pedicel brown, and remaining segments yellowish brown. Cibarium unarmed with well developed, sclerotised cornuae (
<figureCitation id="B2E22791FFB6FFFCFBD4526EFB28FE8B" box="[1083,1171,272,298]" captionStart="PLATE 2" captionStartId="56.[151,238,1811,1835]" captionTargetBox="[155,1395,189,1764]" captionTargetId="figure-106@56.[151,1436,172,1787]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="PLATE 2. FIGURES 16–30. Cibarium of: 16: S. bifenestratum (After Hamada &amp; Pepinelli, 2004); 17: S. dekeyseri paratype; 18: S. distinctum; 19: S. empascae; 20: S. friedlanderi; 21: S. jefersoni paratype; 22: S. obesum; 23: S. papaveroi (after Coscarón, 1981); 24: S. pertinax; 25: C. flavifemur paralectotype; 26: T. lutziana paralectotype; 27: S. riograndense; 28: S. serranus (after Coscarón, 1982); 29: S. spinibranchium; 30: S. subpallidum. [Scale bar for all photographs except Figs. 23, 28.]" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5127139" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5127139/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A663B14FFB6FFFCFF295246FCD9FCFB" blockId="24.[151,1436,152,2018]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="18ADE706FFB6FFFCFF295246FE8EFEF0" box="[198,309,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Thorax—</emphasis>
scutum black covered by evenly arranged, recumbent, golden setae; posterior margin with long, recumbent, golden setae. Scutal pattern varying with illumination. With anterior illumination, thorax greyish black with a median and 1+1 submedian, black vittae running from anterior margin for three fourths length of scutum and slightly diverging posteriorly; humeri brown with faint grey pruinosity; lateral and posterior margins weakly pruinose (
<figureCitation id="B2E22791FFB6FFFCFE4852A6FDB9FE53" box="[423,514,472,498]" captionStart="PLATE 3" captionStartId="57.[151,238,1901,1925]" captionTargetBox="[188,1402,191,1870]" captionTargetId="figure-86@57.[168,1412,131,1899]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="PLATE 3. FIGURES 31–44. Colour patterns for female thorax. For each species first figure is with anterior illumination and second figure with posterior illumination: 31, 32: S. bifenestratum (After Hamada &amp; Pepinelli, 2004); 33, 34: S. dekeyseri holotype; 35, 36: S. dekeyseri paratype; 37, 38: S. dekeyseri variation; 39,40: S. distinctum lectotype; 41, 42: S. empascae; 43, 44: S. friedlanderi; 45, 46: S. jefersoni paratype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5127141" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5127141/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 43</figureCitation>
). With posterior illumination, thorax brownish grey and pattern not obvious; humeri, and lateral and posterior margins black (
<figureCitation id="B2E22791FFB6FFFCFD3F517EFC9CFDBB" box="[720,807,512,538]" captionStart="PLATE 3" captionStartId="57.[151,238,1901,1925]" captionTargetBox="[188,1402,191,1870]" captionTargetId="figure-86@57.[168,1412,131,1899]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="PLATE 3. FIGURES 31–44. Colour patterns for female thorax. For each species first figure is with anterior illumination and second figure with posterior illumination: 31, 32: S. bifenestratum (After Hamada &amp; Pepinelli, 2004); 33, 34: S. dekeyseri holotype; 35, 36: S. dekeyseri paratype; 37, 38: S. dekeyseri variation; 39,40: S. distinctum lectotype; 41, 42: S. empascae; 43, 44: S. friedlanderi; 45, 46: S. jefersoni paratype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5127141" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5127141/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 44</figureCitation>
). Scutellum pale yellow with brown hairs. Postnotum black with silver pruinosity. Pleura dark brown to black with silver pruinosity. 
<collectingRegion id="E81DF5F6FFB6FFFCFBD95156FBC2FDE3" box="[1078,1145,552,578]" country="New Zealand" name="West Coast" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Costa</collectingRegion>
of wing with sparse distribution of spines and setae. Subcosta with line of approximately 10 hairs. Radius with line of setae intermixed with spines, basal section of Radius with setae at mid length. Basal tuft of long, dark setae. Leg coloration and proportions as in 
<figureCitation id="B2E22791FFB6FFFCFDCD51DEFD0BFD1B" box="[546,688,672,698]" captionStart="PLATE 6" captionStartId="60.[151,238,1646,1670]" captionTargetBox="[182,1419,229,1586]" captionTargetId="figure-63@60.[151,1436,194,1622]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="PLATE 6. FIGURES 73–90. Colour pattern for female front, mid and hind legs, respectively. 73–75: S. bifenestratum (After Hamada &amp; Pepinelli, 2004); 76–78: S. dekeyseri paratype; 79–81: S. distinctum; 82–84: S. friedlanderi; 85–87: S. jefersoni paratype; 88–90: S. obesum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5127149" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5127149/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figs. 82–84</figureCitation>
[based on teneral specimens]. Fore leg with coxa, trochanter, femur and tibia pale yellowish; distal end of tibia and tarsal segments dark brown. Mid leg with coxa, trochanter, femur, basal two thirds of tibia and basal half of basitarsus yellowish, remainder dark brown. Hind leg with coxa, distal third of femur, distal half of tibia and basal half of basitarsus dark brown, remainder yellowish. Claw with basal tooth. Haltere whitish, with brown base.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A663B14FFB6FFFCFF295016FCDEFB4B" blockId="24.[151,1436,152,2018]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="18ADE706FFB6FFFCFF295016FEF5FC20" box="[198,334,872,897]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Abdomen—</emphasis>
tergites brown with silver pruinosity, except tergite II whitish. Tergal plates developed; sternal plates undeveloped. Sternites greyish black; genitalia black. Eighth sternite weakly sclerotised with irregularly distributed setae on posterior margin; gonapophyses glabrous nearly same length as eighth sternite at mid point, subtriangular, membranous and strongly sclerotised on internal margins (
<figureCitation id="B2E22791FFB6FFFCFBD3509EFB19FC5B" box="[1084,1186,992,1018]" captionStart="PLATE 8" captionStartId="62.[151,238,1936,1960]" captionTargetBox="[171,1409,151,1910]" captionTargetId="figure-60@62.[151,1436,151,1928]" captionTargetPageId="62" captionText="PLATE 8. FIGURES 106–112. Female gonapophyses of: 106: S. bifenestratum (After Hamada &amp; Pepinelli, 2004); 107: S. dekeyseri paratype; 108: S. distinctum lectotype; 109: S. empascae; 110: S. friedlanderi; 111: S. jefersoni paratype; 112: S. obesum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5127153" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5127153/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 110</figureCitation>
). Cercus hemispherical, covered with long brown setae; paraproct subrectangular with ventral extension triangular, truncated apically and about one and a half times as long as cercus, highly sclerotised with weak slight basal prominence on posterior margin at junction with cercus; paraproct covered with long hairs basally and small setae toward apex (
<figureCitation id="B2E22791FFB6FFFCFF3057FEFEFDFB3B" box="[223,326,1152,1178]" captionStart="PLATE 10" captionStartId="64.[151,238,1867,1891]" captionTargetBox="[205,1384,154,1849]" captionTargetId="figure-105@64.[183,1408,137,1937]" captionTargetPageId="64" captionText="PLATE 10. FIGURES 121–136. Female cercus and paraproct of: 121: S. bifenestratum (After Hamada &amp; Pepinelli, 2004); 122: S. dekeyseri paratype; 123: S. distinctum lectotype; 124: S. distinctum, São Paulo, Brazil; 125: S. empascae; 126: S. friedlanderi; 127: S. jefersoni paratype; 128: S. obesum; 129: S. papaveroi (After Coscarón, 1982); 130: S. pertinax; 131: C. flavifemur paralectotype; 132: T. lutziana paralectotype; 133: S. riograndense; 134: S. serranus; 135: S. spinibranchium; 136: S. subpallidum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5127161" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5127161/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 126</figureCitation>
). Genital fork with stem long and slender; termination of lateral arms with anterior and posterior processes poorly developed (
<figureCitation id="B2E22791FFB6FFFCFDF557D6FDC4FB63" box="[538,639,1192,1218]" captionStart="PLATE 11" captionStartId="65.[151,238,1881,1905]" captionTargetBox="[205,1385,151,1851]" captionTargetId="figure-94@65.[186,1411,135,1935]" captionTargetPageId="65" captionText="PLATE 11. FIGURES 137–151. Female genital fork of: 137: S. bifenestratum (After Hamada &amp; Pepinelli, 2004); 138: S. dekeyseri paratype; 139: S. distinctum lectotype; 140: S. empascae; 141: S. friedlanderi; 142: S. jefersoni paratype; 143: S. obesum; 144: S. papaveroi (After Coscarón, 1982); 145: S. pertinax; 146: C. flavifemur paralectotype; 147: T. lutziana paralectotype; 148: S. riograndense; 149: S. serranus; 150: S. spinibranchium; 151: S. subpallidum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5127165" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5127165/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 141</figureCitation>
). Spermatheca subspherical, without external sculpturing or internal spicules; area of insertion of spermathecal duct membranous.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A663B14FFB6FFFCFF295789FDA7FA9B" blockId="24.[151,1436,152,2018]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="18ADE706FFB6FFFCFF295789FEBEFAB0" bold="true" box="[198,261,1271,1297]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Male</emphasis>
. General body colour black. Body length (specimens pinned) 
<quantity id="ED2196F1FFB6FFFCFC115786FBEAFAB3" box="[1022,1105,1272,1298]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="mm" value="2.9">2.9mm</quantity>
(n=1), wing length 
<quantity id="ED2196F1FFB6FFFCFAAF5786FA20FAB3" box="[1344,1435,1272,1298]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
(n=1), wing width 
<quantity id="ED2196F1FFB6FFFCFE9C565EFE76FA9B" box="[371,461,1312,1338]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="mm" value="1.2">1.2 mm</quantity>
(n=1).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A663B14FFB6FFFCFF295636FBCEFAC3" blockId="24.[151,1436,152,2018]" box="[198,1141,1352,1378]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="18ADE706FFB6FFFCFF295636FE9CFAC0" box="[198,295,1352,1377]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Head —</emphasis>
holoptic with dark red eyes. Remainder of head coloration as in female.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A663B14FFB6FFFCFF29560EFF55F9DB" blockId="24.[151,1436,152,2018]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="18ADE706FFB6FFFCFF29560EFE8EFA28" box="[198,309,1392,1417]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Thorax—</emphasis>
scutum black covered with recumbent, golden setae. Scutal pattern varies slightly with light incidence: with anterior light source thorax black with faint pruinosity on anterior margin (
<figureCitation id="B2E22791FFB6FFFCFB2456E6FA88FA13" box="[1227,1331,1432,1458]" captionStart="PLATE 12" captionStartId="66.[151,238,1893,1917]" captionTargetBox="[215,1394,154,1865]" captionTargetId="figure-98@66.[195,1420,139,1939]" captionTargetPageId="66" captionText="PLATE 12. FIGURES 152–165. Colour patterns for male thorax. For each species first figure is with anterior illumination and second figure with posterior illumination, except for Fig. 153 in which the specimen is positioned dorso-laterally. 152, 153: S. bifenestratum (After Hamada &amp; Pepinelli, 2004); 154, 155: S. dekeyseri paratype; 156, 157: S. distinctum; 158, 159: S. empascae; 160, 161: S. friedlanderi; 162, 163: S. jefersoni paratype; 164, 165: S. obesum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5127167" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5127167/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 160</figureCitation>
); humeri black; lateral and posterior margins weakly pruinose. With light source posterior to specimen thorax black (
<figureCitation id="B2E22791FFB6FFFCFF705696FEB3F9A3" box="[159,264,1512,1538]" captionStart="PLATE 12" captionStartId="66.[151,238,1893,1917]" captionTargetBox="[215,1394,154,1865]" captionTargetId="figure-98@66.[195,1420,139,1939]" captionTargetPageId="66" captionText="PLATE 12. FIGURES 152–165. Colour patterns for male thorax. For each species first figure is with anterior illumination and second figure with posterior illumination, except for Fig. 153 in which the specimen is positioned dorso-laterally. 152, 153: S. bifenestratum (After Hamada &amp; Pepinelli, 2004); 154, 155: S. dekeyseri paratype; 156, 157: S. distinctum; 158, 159: S. empascae; 160, 161: S. friedlanderi; 162, 163: S. jefersoni paratype; 164, 165: S. obesum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5127167" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5127167/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 161</figureCitation>
); humeri, lateral and posterior margins of scutum black. Scutellum black with recumbent, golden setae interspersed with long, black setae on posterior margin. Postnotum black with silvery grey pruinosity. Wing setation as in female, except Subcosta with 4–7 setae on basal half its length. Leg coloration as in female.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A663B14FFB6FFFCFF2955F6FD58F81B" blockId="24.[151,1436,152,2018]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="18ADE706FFB6FFFCFF2955F6FEF5F900" box="[198,334,1672,1697]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Abdomen—</emphasis>
tergites I, III–IX black, tergite II black centrally and yellow on lateral margin; tergite VI with faint silver pruinosity on anterolateral margin; basal fringe with long brown hairs. Genitalia black; tergal plates developed; sternal plates undeveloped. Gonocoxite subrectangular; gonostyle trapezoidal, nearly same length as gonocoxite, with ridge on median region, and terminating in small spine [only visible at higher magnification]; gonocoxite and gonostyle covered with long hairs (
<figureCitation id="B2E22791FFB6FFFCFC6A5456FC56F8E3" box="[901,1005,1832,1858]" captionStart="PLATE 14" captionStartId="68.[151,238,1875,1899]" captionTargetBox="[203,1382,151,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-108@68.[183,1408,135,1886]" captionTargetPageId="68" captionText="PLATE 14. FIGURES 180–193. Male gonocoxite and gonostyle of: 180: S. bifenestratum (After Hamada &amp; Pepinelli, 2004); 181: S. dekeyseri paratype; 182: S. distinctum; 183: S. empascae; 184: S. friedlanderi; 185: S. jefersoni paratype; 186: S. obesum; 187: S. papaveroi (After Coscarón, 1982); 188: S. pertinax; 189: S. riograndense; 190: S. serranus paratype; 191: S. spinibranchium; 192: S. subpallidum (longitudinal ridge undeveloped); 193: S. subpallidum (longitudinal ridge developed). [Scale bars for all photographs except for photographs 180, 187.]" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5127173" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5127173/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 184</figureCitation>
). Ventral plate subtriangular, sclerotised, pointed apically and with small basal arms; main body of ventral plate covered with small hairs (
<figureCitation id="B2E22791FFB6FFFCFA82542EFF7CF833" captionStart="PLATE 15" captionStartId="69.[151,238,1352,1376]" captionTargetBox="[171,1418,211,1293]" captionTargetId="figure-86@69.[151,1436,194,1328]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="PLATE 15. FIGURES 194–205. Male ventral plate of: 194: S. bifenestratum (After Hamada &amp; Pepinelli, 2004); 195: S. dekeyseri paratype; 196: S. distinctum; 197: S. empascae; 198: S. friedlanderi; 199: S. jefersoni paratype; 200: S. obesum; 201: S. pertinax; 202: S. riograndense; 203: S. serranus paratype; 204: S. spinibranchium; 205: S. subpallidum [Scale bars for all photographs except photograph 194]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5127175" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5127175/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 198</figureCitation>
). Median sclerite Y-shaped with apical incision (
<figureCitation id="B2E22791FFB6FFFCFD105406FCDCF833" box="[767,871,1912,1938]" captionStart="PLATE 16" captionStartId="70.[151,238,1548,1572]" captionTargetBox="[200,1378,211,1494]" captionTargetId="figure-95@70.[181,1406,194,1525]" captionTargetPageId="70" captionText="PLATE 16. FIGURES 206–218. Male median sclerite of: 206: S. bifenestratum (After Hamada &amp; Pepinelli, 2004); 207: S. dekeyseri paratype; 208: S. distinctum; 209: S. empascae; 210: S. friedlanderi; 211: S. jefersoni paratype; 212: S. obesum; 213: S. papaveroi (After Coscarón, 1982); 214: S. pertinax; 215: S. riograndense; 216: S. serranus paratype; 217: S. spinibranchium; 218: S. subpallidum [Scale bar for all photographs except photographs 206, 213]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5127177" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5127177/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 210</figureCitation>
). Paramere with developed and sclerotised basal process and several stout teeth apically (
<figureCitation id="B2E22791FFB6FFFCFD8054DEFD6DF81B" box="[623,726,1952,1978]" captionStart="PLATE 17" captionStartId="71.[151,238,1938,1962]" captionTargetBox="[171,1399,158,1924]" captionTargetId="figure-73@71.[151,1436,127,1947]" captionTargetPageId="71" captionText="PLATE 17. FIGURES 219–226. Male paramere of: 219: S. bifenestratum (After Hamada &amp; Pepinelli, 2004); 220: S. dekeyseri paratype; 221: S. distinctum; 222: S. empascae; 223: S. friedlanderi; 224: S. jefersoni paratype; 225: S. obesum; 226: S. papaveroi (After Coscarón, 1982). [Scale bar for all photographs except for photographs 219, 226]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5127181" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5127181/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 223</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A663B14FFB6FFFDFF2954B9FC22FEA3" blockId="24.[151,1436,152,2018]" lastBlockId="25.[151,1437,152,1178]" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="18ADE706FFB6FFFCFF2954B9FEBCF840" bold="true" box="[198,263,1991,2017]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Pupa</emphasis>
. Cocoon length dorsally 4.0– 
<quantity id="ED2196F1FFB6FFFCFD9354B6FD60F843" box="[636,731,1992,2018]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.7" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="mm" value="4.7">4.7 mm</quantity>
(mean= 
<quantity id="ED2196F1FFB6FFFCFCBF54B6FC08F843" box="[848,947,1992,2018]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="mm" value="4.2">4.2 mm</quantity>
; s.d.=0.26, n=5), ventrally 
<quantity id="ED2196F1FFB6FFFCFAE654B6FA20F843" box="[1289,1435,1992,2018]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="5.7" metricValueMin="4.3" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="mm" value="5.0" valueMax="5.7" valueMin="4.3">4.3–5.7 mm</quantity>
(mean= 
<quantity id="ED2196F1FFB7FFFDFF1F53E6FEF6FF13" box="[240,333,152,178]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.2" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="mm" value="5.2">5.2 mm</quantity>
, s.d.=0.56, n=17); pupa ventrally 
<quantity id="ED2196F1FFB7FFFDFD3A53E6FCDAFF13" box="[725,865,152,178]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" metricValueMax="3.7" metricValueMin="2.7" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="mm" value="3.2" valueMax="3.7" valueMin="2.7">2.7–3.7 mm</quantity>
(mean= 
<quantity id="ED2196F1FFB7FFFDFC2C53E6FBA5FF13" box="[963,1054,152,178]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="mm" value="3.3">3.3 mm</quantity>
; s.d.=0.45; n=4); gill length 
<quantity id="ED2196F1FFB7FFFDFA8653E6FF4EFF7B" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="mm" value="1.45" valueMax="1.7" valueMin="1.2">1.2– 1.7 mm</quantity>
(n=2). [Measurements given in Hamada &amp; Pepinelli, 2003: Cocoon length dorsally 5.5–6.0 mm (n=17), ventrally 
<quantity id="ED2196F1FFB7FFFDFE8A5396FE4AFEA3" box="[357,497,232,258]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6999999999999997" metricValueMax="4.1" metricValueMin="3.3" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="mm" value="3.6999999999999997" valueMax="4.1" valueMin="3.3">3.3–4.1 mm</quantity>
(n=17); gill length 
<quantity id="ED2196F1FFB7FFFDFD385396FC8BFEA3" box="[727,816,232,258]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="mm" value="1.1">1.1 mm</quantity>
(n=17)].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A663B14FFB7FFFDFF29526EFAA8FEF3" blockId="25.[151,1437,152,1178]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="18ADE706FFB7FFFDFF29526EFE87FE88" box="[198,316,272,297]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Cocoon—</emphasis>
shoe-shaped as in 
<figureCitation id="B2E22791FFB7FFFDFDF8526EFDC7FE8B" box="[535,636,272,298]" captionStart="PLATE 19" captionStartId="73.[151,238,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[200,1388,180,1894]" captionTargetId="figure-79@73.[181,1406,131,1931]" captionTargetPageId="73" captionText="PLATE 19. FIGURES 232–239. Lateral view of cocoon and pupal exuviae of: 232: S. bifenestratum (After Hamada &amp; Pepinelli, 2004) (dorsal view); 233: S. dekeyseri paratype; 234: S. distinctum; 235: S. empascae; 236: S. friedlanderi; 237: S. jefersoni paratype; 238: S. obesum; 239: S. papaveroi (After Coscarón, 1982) [Scale bar for all photographs except photographs 232, 239.]" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5127185" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5127185/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 236</figureCitation>
, pale brown composed of thick, coalesced fibres posteriorly and distinct fenestrations anteriorly, with reinforced rim to anterior aperture; margin of aperture elevated.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A663B14FFB7FFFDFF29521EFEEFFE6B" blockId="25.[151,1437,152,1178]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="18ADE706FFB7FFFDFF29521EFEB5FED8" box="[198,270,352,377]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Gill—</emphasis>
pale brown with 11 convoluted, curved apically (
<figureCitation id="B2E22791FFB7FFFDFC8D521EFC70FEDB" box="[866,971,352,378]" captionStart="PLATE 21" captionStartId="75.[151,238,1927,1951]" captionTargetBox="[191,1387,179,1888]" captionTargetId="figure-64@75.[181,1406,123,1923]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="PLATE 21. FIGURES 245–252. Right gill of: 245: S. bifenestratum (After Hamada &amp; Pepinelli, 2004); 246: S. dekeyseri paratype; 247: S. distinctum (common pattern); 248: S. distinctum (variation); 249: S. empascae; 250: S. friedlanderi; 251: S. jefersoni paratype; 252: S. obesum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5127191" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5127191/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 250</figureCitation>
). stout basally and becoming narrower towards apex, pointed or rounded distally, with small spicules on surface, edges weakly crenate; gill of different length.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A663B14FFB7FFFDFF2952A6FA8AFDE3" blockId="25.[151,1437,152,1178]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="18ADE706FFB7FFFDFF2952A6FE9BFE50" box="[198,288,472,497]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Head—</emphasis>
frontoclypeus with 2+2 trifid, frontal and 1+1 quadrifid, facial trichomes; frontoclypeus with distinct group of platelets mesally, 1+1 dorso-laterally and 2 platelets in one group laterally in frontal region, respectively; tubercles rounded and pointed, densely distributed over entire frontal and facial region.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A663B14FFB7FFFDFF29512EFC9FFD1B" blockId="25.[151,1437,152,1178]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="18ADE706FFB7FFFDFF29512EFE8EFDC8" box="[198,309,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Thorax—</emphasis>
with up to 5+5 multibranched trichomes near margin of dorsal cleft, one long, simple trichome centrally and two long, multibranched and one small, single trichomes near ventral margin of thorax; tubercles mostly rounded, densely distributed over entire surface.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A663B14FFB7FFFDFF2951B6FB14FBD3" blockId="25.[151,1437,152,1178]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="18ADE706FFB7FFFDFF2951B6FEF5FD40" box="[198,334,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Abdomen—</emphasis>
tergite I with 3+3 small, simple trichomes centrally and 2+2 lateral, one bifid or trifid and the other simple trichomes; tergite II with 4+4 submedian spiniform setae in longitudinal row and 2+2 small simple trichomes anterior to most external, spiniform setae; tergites III and IV with 4+4 submedian simple hooks in longitudinal row and 1+1 small simple trichomes anterior to most lateral hooks; tergite V with 5+5 small simple trichomes in longitudinal row; tergites VI–VII with 3+3 submedian small setae in longitudinal row; tergite VIII with 2+2 submedian simple setae; tergite IX terminating in small spines. Spine combs on anterior margin of tergites VI–IX. Sternite III with 2+2 simple setae; sternite IV with three simple long setae in row on posterior margin; sternite V with 2+2 closely adjacent simple or bifid hooks, and 2+2 spiniform setae anterior to outer hooks; sternites VI–VII with 2+2 well-separated simple or bifid hooks in row, 1+1 simple small trichomes between and anterior to outermost hooks; sternite VIII with no visible setae; sternite IX with no visible setae and weakly sclerotised. Spine combs on anterolateral margin of sternites III–IX.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A663B14FFB7FFFDFF295701FC0BFB3B" blockId="25.[151,1437,152,1178]" box="[198,944,1151,1178]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="18ADE706FFB7FFFDFF295701FEA2FB38" bold="true" box="[198,281,1151,1177]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Larva.</emphasis>
A description of the larva is given by 
<bibRefCitation id="4E4846E5FFB7FFFDFD3357FEFC17FB3B" author="Py-Daniel, V." box="[732,940,1152,1178]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="331 - 341" refId="ref46726" refString="Py-Daniel, V. (1987) Simuliidae (Diptera: Culicomorpha) no Brasil. V. Sobre o Simulium (Chirostilbia) friedlanderi sp. n. e revisao do Simulium (C.) laneportoi Vargas, 1941. Revista da Saude Publica, 21, 331 - 341." type="journal article" year="1987">Py-Daniel (1987)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>