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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.983.52630" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d3b857f7-25c1-4b21-9d39-4510ab675fca" ID-PMC="PMC7655787" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-983-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="C890C7FD4B2D57A8B1A062305ED42D53" ID-PubMed="33244289" ID-ZooBank="7DED4CE2934C4539945F758930C927F9" ModsDocID="1313-2970-983-1" checkinTime="1604475085656" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Smith, Sarah M., Beaver, Roger A. &amp; Cognato, Anthony I." docDate="2020" docId="3B89FAA4BB9F3C8DAE36EC9DCDF2F6F6" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 983: 1-442" docOrigin="ZooKeys 983" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.983.52630" docTitle="Xylosandrus germanus" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="C890C7FD4B2D57A8B1A062305ED42D53" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="C890C7FD4B2D57A8B1A062305ED42D53" masterDocTitle="A monograph of the Xyleborini (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae) of the Indochinese Peninsula (except Malaysia) and China" masterLastPageNumber="442" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668169715782" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>A monograph of the Xyleborini (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae) of the Indochinese Peninsula (except Malaysia) and China</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Smith, Sarah M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, 288 Farm Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Beaver, Roger A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>161 / 2 Mu 5, Soi Wat Pranon, T. Donkaew, A. Maerim, Chiangmai 50180, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Cognato, Anthony I.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, 288 Farm Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>983</mods:number>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.983.52630</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="168754516" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3B89FAA4BB9F3C8DAE36EC9DCDF2F6F6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3B89FAA4BB9F3C8DAE36EC9DCDF2F6F6" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authority="(Blandford, 1894)" baseAuthorityName="Blandford" baseAuthorityYear="1894" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xylosandrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xylosandrus germanus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="germanus">Xylosandrus germanus (Blandford, 1894)</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 95" captionStartId="F95" captionText="Figure 95. Dorsal, lateral and declivital view of Xylosandrus eupatorii, 2.0 - 2.3 mm (A, B, I), X. formosae, 2.5 - 3.0 mm (C, D, J), X. germanus, 2.3 - 2.4 mm (E, F, K), and X. jaintianus holotype, 3.0 mm (G, H, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.983.52630.figure95" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/470895" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 95E, F, K</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Blandford" authorityYear="1894" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyleborus germanus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="germanus">Xyleborus germanus</taxonomicName>
Blandford, 1894b: 106.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Blandford" baseAuthorityYear="1894" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xylosandrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xylosandrus germanus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="germanus">Xylosandrus germanus</taxonomicName>
(Blandford):
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/34.1.38" author="Hoffman, CE" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Economic Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="38 - 42" refId="B194" refString="Hoffman, CE, 1941. Biological observations of Xylosandrus germanus (Bldfd.). Journal of Economic Entomology 34: 38 - 42, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/34.1.38" title="Biological observations of Xylosandrus germanus (Bldfd.)." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/34.1.38" volume="34" year="1941">Hoffman 1941</bibRefCitation>
: 38.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Blandford" authorityYear="1894" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyleborus orbatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orbatus">Xyleborus orbatus</taxonomicName>
Blandford, 1894b: 123. Synonymy:
<bibRefCitation author="Nobuchi, A" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Forestry and Forestry Products Research Institute" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="27 - 37" refId="B290" refString="Nobuchi, A, 1981b. Studies on Scolytidae XXIII. The ambrosia beetles of the genus Xylosandrus Reitter from Japan (Coleoptera). Bulletin of the Forestry and Forestry Products Research Institute 314: 27 - 37" title="Studies on Scolytidae XXIII. The ambrosia beetles of the genus Xylosandrus Reitter from Japan (Coleoptera)." volume="314" year="1981 b">Nobuchi 1981b</bibRefCitation>
: 31.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Syntypes</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Blandford" authorityYear="1894" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyleborus germanus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="germanus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Xyleborus germanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(NHMUK).
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Holotype</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Blandford" authorityYear="1894" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyleborus orbatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orbatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Xyleborus orbatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(NHMUK).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="new records">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">New records.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
China: Chongqing, Chengkou, 16.vii.2016, Tian-Shang (RABC, 1); as previous except: Jinfo Mtn., 9.v.2016, Tian-Shang, Lv-Jia, ex
<taxonomicName authorityName="Eichhoff" authorityYear="1864" family="Taxodiaceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="family">Taxodiaceae</taxonomicName>
sp. (RABC, 1); as previous except: Pengshui, 11.viii.2016, Tian-Shang (RABC, 1); as previous except: Simian Mtn., 7.v.2016, Tian-Shang, Lv-Jia (RABC, 1). Jiangsu, Nanjing, Laoshan National Park, Bacai Road,
<geoCoordinate degrees="32.09156" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="32.09156">32.09156N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="118.583701" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="118.5837">118.583701E</geoCoordinate>
, 15.viii.2017, Cognato, Li, Gao (MSUC, 2). Jiangxi, Nanchang, Jiangxi Agric. Univ. orchard, v.2015, Su, T-L., ex
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Choerospondias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Choerospondias axillaris" order="Sapindales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="axillaris">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Choerospondias axillaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(RABC, 2); as previous except: Jin Xian, 4.v.2016, Lv-Jia, ex
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" genus="Cinnamomum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cinnamomum camphora" order="Laurales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="camphora">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cinnamomum camphora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(RABC, 1); as previous except: Xun Wu, 18.vii.2016, Lv-Jia, Lai, S-C., ex
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Citrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Citrus reticulata" order="Sapindales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="reticulata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Citrus reticulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(RABC, 1).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
2.3-2.4 mm long (mean = 2.32 mm; n = 5); 2.3-2.56
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as wide. This species is distinguished by its moderate size; elytral disc gradually curving toward declivity, elytra rounded; posterolateral margins of elytra carinate to interstriae 7; declivital face with six punctate striae; declivital interstriae granulate, uniseriate with erect hair-like setae longer than the width of 1.5 interstriae; pronotum 1.1
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
long as wide, pronotum from dorsal view rounded (type 1) and lateral view basic (type 0), summit at midpoint, basal 1/2 smooth, shiny, sparsely minutely punctate; and sparse mycangial tuft on the pronotal base.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
This species is nearly identical to
<taxonomicName lsidName="X. eupatorii" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="eupatorii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">X. eupatorii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and is most easily distinguished by the pronotum 1.1
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as wide and the pronotal base with more dense setae and from
<taxonomicName lsidName="X. metagermanus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="metagermanus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">X. metagermanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the smaller, shallower strial punctures and feebly impressed striae.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="similar species">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Similar species.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1792" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Anisandrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anisandrus dispar" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dispar">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Anisandrus dispar</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. maiche" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="maiche">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. maiche</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. paragogus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="paragogus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. paragogus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Park &amp; Smith" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xylosandrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xylosandrus dentipennis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dentipennis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Xylosandrus dentipennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName lsidName="X. eupatorii" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="eupatorii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">X. eupatorii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName lsidName="X. metagermanus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="metagermanus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">X. metagermanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
China (Anhui, Chongqing*, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu*, Jiangxi*, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang), Taiwan, Vietnam. Also present in Japan, Korea, Russia (Far East, Sakhalin, Kurile Is). Introduced to and established in Europe and Turkey, USA (including Hawaii) and Canada (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.768.24697" author="Gomez, DF" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="19 - 68" refId="B175" refString="Gomez, DF, Rabaglia, RJ, Fairbanks, KEO, Hulcr, J, 2018a. North American Xyleborini north of Mexico: a review and key to genera and species (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae). ZooKeys 768: 19 - 68, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.768.24697" title="North American Xyleborini north of Mexico: a review and key to genera and species (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.768.24697" volume="768" year="2018 a">Gomez et al. 2018a</bibRefCitation>
). The record in
<bibRefCitation author="Dole, SA" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the California of Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="451 - 545" refId="B109" refString="Dole, SA, Cognato, AI, 2010. Revision of Xylosandrus Reitter (Curculionidae: Scolytinae). Proceedings of the California of Science 61: 451 - 545" title="Revision of Xylosandrus Reitter (Curculionidae: Scolytinae)." volume="61" year="2010">Dole and Cognato (2010)</bibRefCitation>
from Thailand is incorrect. The cited specimens belong to the closely similar species,
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Eggers" baseAuthorityYear="1940" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xylosandrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xylosandrus eupatorii" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eupatorii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Xylosandrus eupatorii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see above).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="host">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Host plants.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Polyphagous (
<bibRefCitation author="Weber, BC" journalOrPublisher="The Coleopterists Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="114 - 134" refId="B468" refString="Weber, BC, McPherson, JE, 1983b. World list of host plants of Xylosandrus germanus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). The Coleopterists Bulletin 37: 114 - 134" title="World list of host plants of Xylosandrus germanus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)." volume="37" year="1983 b">Weber and McPherson 1983b</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Dole, SA" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the California of Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="451 - 545" refId="B109" refString="Dole, SA, Cognato, AI, 2010. Revision of Xylosandrus Reitter (Curculionidae: Scolytinae). Proceedings of the California of Science 61: 451 - 545" title="Revision of Xylosandrus Reitter (Curculionidae: Scolytinae)." volume="61" year="2010">Dole and Cognato 2010</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The basic biology is described by
<bibRefCitation author="Nobuchi, A" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Forestry and Forestry Products Research Institute" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="27 - 37" refId="B290" refString="Nobuchi, A, 1981b. Studies on Scolytidae XXIII. The ambrosia beetles of the genus Xylosandrus Reitter from Japan (Coleoptera). Bulletin of the Forestry and Forestry Products Research Institute 314: 27 - 37" title="Studies on Scolytidae XXIII. The ambrosia beetles of the genus Xylosandrus Reitter from Japan (Coleoptera)." volume="314" year="1981 b">Nobuchi (1981b)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/76.3.455" author="Weber, BC" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Entomological Society of America" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="455 - 462" refId="B467" refString="Weber, BC, McPherson, JE, 1983a. Life history of the ambrosia beetle Xylosandrus germanus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 76: 455 - 462, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/76.3.455" title="Life history of the ambrosia beetle Xylosandrus germanus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/76.3.455" volume="76" year="1983 a">Weber and McPherson (1983a)</bibRefCitation>
, and
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1603/EN11299" author="Ranger, CM" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Integrated Pest Management" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 9" refId="B326" refString="Ranger, CM, Reding, ME, Schultz, PB, Oliver, JB, Frank, SD, Addesso, KM, Chong, JH, Sampson, B, Werle, C, Gill, S, Krause, C, 2016. Biology, ecology, and management of nonnative ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in ornamental plant nurseries. Journal of Integrated Pest Management 7: 1 - 9, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1603/EN11299" title="Biology, ecology, and management of nonnative ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in ornamental plant nurseries." url="https://doi.org/10.1603/EN11299" volume="7" year="2016">Ranger et al. (2016)</bibRefCitation>
.
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1420-9101.2003.00687.x" author="Peer, K" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Evolutionary Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="257 - 264" refId="B308" refString="Peer, K, Taborsky, M, 2004. Female ambrosia beetles adjust their offspring sex ratio according to outbreeding opportunities for their sons. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 17: 257 - 264, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1420-9101.2003.00687.x" title="Female ambrosia beetles adjust their offspring sex ratio according to outbreeding opportunities for their sons." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1420-9101.2003.00687.x" volume="17" year="2004">Peer and Taborsky (2004</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0014-3820.2005.tb00992.x" author="Peer, K" journalOrPublisher="Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="317 - 323" refId="B309" refString="Peer, K, Taborsky, M, 2005. Outbreeding depression, but no inbreeding depression in haplodiploid ambrosia beetles with regular sibling mating. Evolution 59: 317 - 323, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0014-3820.2005.tb00992.x" title="Outbreeding depression, but no inbreeding depression in haplodiploid ambrosia beetles with regular sibling mating." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0014-3820.2005.tb00992.x" volume="59" year="2005">2005</bibRefCitation>
) have studied male dispersal, variations in sex ratio, and outbreeding depression in the species.
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1479-8298.2008.00280.x" author="Ito, M" journalOrPublisher="Entomological Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="375 - 383" refId="B212" refString="Ito, M, Kajimura, H, Hamaguchi, K, Araya, K, Lakatos, F, 2008. Genetic structure of Japanese populations of an ambrosia beetle, Xylosandrus germanus (Curculionidae: Scolytinae). Entomological Science 11: 375 - 383, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1479-8298.2008.00280.x" title="Genetic structure of Japanese populations of an ambrosia beetle, Xylosandrus germanus (Curculionidae: Scolytinae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1479-8298.2008.00280.x" volume="11" year="2008">Ito et al. (2008)</bibRefCitation>
discuss the genetic structure of Japanese populations. Although usually attacking stressed trees, the species sometimes attacks apparently healthy and newly transplanted trees and shrubs (e.g.,
<bibRefCitation author="Nobuchi, A" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Forestry and Forestry Products Research Institute" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="27 - 37" refId="B290" refString="Nobuchi, A, 1981b. Studies on Scolytidae XXIII. The ambrosia beetles of the genus Xylosandrus Reitter from Japan (Coleoptera). Bulletin of the Forestry and Forestry Products Research Institute 314: 27 - 37" title="Studies on Scolytidae XXIII. The ambrosia beetles of the genus Xylosandrus Reitter from Japan (Coleoptera)." volume="314" year="1981 b">Nobuchi 1981b</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-9563.2009.00469.x" author="Ranger, CM" journalOrPublisher="Agricultural and Forest Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="177 - 185" refId="B324" refString="Ranger, CM, Reding, ME, Persad, AB, Herms, DA, 2010. Ability of stress-related volatiles to attract and induce attacks by Xylosandrus germanus and other ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae). Agricultural and Forest Entomology 12: 177 - 185, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-9563.2009.00469.x" title="Ability of stress-related volatiles to attract and induce attacks by Xylosandrus germanus and other ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-9563.2009.00469.x" volume="12" year="2010">Ranger et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0131496" author="Ranger, CM" journalOrPublisher="Agricultural and Forest Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B325" refString="Ranger, CM, Schultz, PB, Frank, SD, Chong, JH, Reding, ME, 2015. Non-native ambrosia beetles as opportunistic exploiters of living but weakened trees. PLoS ONE 10: e0131496. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0131496" title="Non-native ambrosia beetles as opportunistic exploiters of living but weakened trees. PLoS ONE 10: e 0131496." url="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0131496" year="2015">2015</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1603/EN11299" author="Ranger, CM" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Integrated Pest Management" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 9" refId="B326" refString="Ranger, CM, Reding, ME, Schultz, PB, Oliver, JB, Frank, SD, Addesso, KM, Chong, JH, Sampson, B, Werle, C, Gill, S, Krause, C, 2016. Biology, ecology, and management of nonnative ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in ornamental plant nurseries. Journal of Integrated Pest Management 7: 1 - 9, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1603/EN11299" title="Biology, ecology, and management of nonnative ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in ornamental plant nurseries." url="https://doi.org/10.1603/EN11299" volume="7" year="2016">Ranger et al. (2016)</bibRefCitation>
discuss the ecology and management of the species in ornamental plant nurseries in USA.
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</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>