205 lines
22 KiB
XML
205 lines
22 KiB
XML
<document id="69889C3F51F10EC27548435A9BE7362A" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3646.4.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ea1f9935-d71d-4030-a3c9-d1df7e0a3463" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="249406" ID-ZooBank="DDE05DCD-A443-499D-9F38-8C3B43592694" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460600548416" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Tahseen, Qudsia, Asif, Mohammad, Mustaqim, Malka, Ahlawat, Shikha & Bert, Wim" docDate="2013" docId="03C21B03FF8CFFCFFF5BFF05748D28C1" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03646p335.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3646 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Clarkus papillatus (Bastian, 1865) Jairajpuri 1970" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="303" masterDocId="FFFB637BFF8EFFCDFFCCFFD876242F5D" masterDocTitle="Descriptions of ten known species of the superfamily Mononchoidea (Mononchida: Nematoda) from North India with a detailed account on their variations" masterLastPageNumber="335" masterPageNumber="301" pageNumber="303" updateTime="1698327459109" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="5128BACF5E874847A7211DB7952B3823">Descriptions of ten known species of the superfamily Mononchoidea (Mononchida: Nematoda) from North India with a detailed account on their variations</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7535621EB44F11B59F83446D645BFC05">Tahseen, Qudsia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A561BBEB6CA6F1B1839FB68FE5EF93C3">Asif, Mohammad</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C48CCEA12A8D5235C17864594E102460">Mustaqim, Malka</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A036FC517309C45101EB330F4F7704EE">Ahlawat, Shikha</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="09930085CABDEA211DAC529826177FB2">Bert, Wim</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="4008FB0AE0613BACEE55DE18060D47A2">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="24A0E4F5CDE44FCCBE7B58F0879A87E8">
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<mods:date id="1365A88A65405DF7A31B4826BF0F5651">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="88515DCD7263D6E322778B1EE54FF474">3646</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03C21B03FF8CFFCFFF5BFF05748D28C1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5616685" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119567190" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5616685" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C21B03FF8CFFCFFF5BFF05748D28C1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C21B03FF8CFFCFFF5BFF05748D28C1" lastPageNumber="303" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">
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<subSubSection id="C371F99EFF8CFFCFFF5BFF05743C2E03" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD4AA15FF8CFFCFFF5BFF05752D2FAA" blockId="2.[151,777,221,279]" box="[151,777,221,247]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">
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<heading id="D09C1D79FF8CFFCFFF5BFF05752D2FAA" bold="true" box="[151,777,221,247]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6BD196FF8CFFCFFF5BFF05752D2FAA" authority="(Bastian, 1865) Jairajpuri, 1970" authorityName="(Bastian, 1865) Jairajpuri" authorityYear="1970" box="[151,777,221,247]" class="Adenophorea" family="Mononchidae" genus="Clarkus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mononchida" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="papillatus">
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<emphasis id="B91F7607FF8CFFCFFF5BFF05752D2FAA" bold="true" box="[151,777,221,247]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">
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<emphasis id="B91F7607FF8CFFCFFF5BFF0577512FAA" bold="true" box="[151,373,221,247]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Clarkus papillatus</emphasis>
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(Bastian, 1865) Jairajpuri, 1970
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD4AA15FF8CFFCFFF5BFF2776CF2E4A" blockId="2.[151,777,221,279]" box="[151,235,255,279]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">
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(
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||
<figureCitation id="1350B690FF8CFFCFFF53FF2776C42E4A" box="[159,224,255,279]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1879,1902]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1845]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1858]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Clarkus papillatus (Bastian, 1865) Jairajpuri, 1970 female. A – C: Anterior end. D: Pharyngo-intestinal junction. E: Anterior genital branch. F: Posterior genital branch. G: Vulval region. H: Intestinal lumen showing two cellular bodies. I, J: Posterior body region (Scale bar = 10 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249407/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD4AA15FF8CFFCFFF5BFE91743C2E03" blockId="2.[151,871,328,472]" box="[151,536,328,350]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">
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=
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<taxonomicName id="4C6BD196FF8CFFCFFF69FE90743C2E03" authority="Bastian, 1865" authorityName="Bastian" authorityYear="1865" box="[165,536,328,350]" class="Adenophorea" family="Mononchidae" genus="Mononchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="papillatus">
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<emphasis id="B91F7607FF8CFFCFFF69FE9077A32E03" box="[165,391,328,350]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Mononchus papillatus</emphasis>
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Bastian, 1865
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C371F99EFF8CFFCFFF5BFEBF72082ADD" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BD4AA15FF8CFFCFFF5BFEBF742E2EE4" blockId="2.[151,871,328,472]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">
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=
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<taxonomicName id="4C6BD196FF8CFFCFFF69FEBF778A2E21" authority="(Prionchulus)" baseAuthorityName="Prionchulus" box="[165,430,359,381]" class="Adenophorea" family="Mononchidae" genus="Mononchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B91F7607FF8CFFCFFF69FEBF773F2E20" box="[165,283,359,381]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Mononchus</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="B91F7607FF8CFFCFFEE6FEBF77822E20" box="[298,422,359,381]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Prionchulus</emphasis>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B91F7607FF8CFFCFFE78FEBF743E2E20" box="[436,538,359,381]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">papilIatus</emphasis>
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Bastian, 1865 (Schneider, 1939) =
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<taxonomicName id="4C6BD196FF8CFFCFFF69FE5D74FC2EC7" authority="(Bastian, 1865) Schneider, 1939" authorityName="(Bastian, 1865) Schneider" authorityYear="1939" box="[165,728,389,411]" class="Adenophorea" family="Mononchidae" genus="Prionchulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="papillatus">
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<emphasis id="B91F7607FF8CFFCFFF69FE5D77A82EC6" box="[165,396,389,411]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Prionchulus papillatus</emphasis>
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(Bastian, 1865) Schneider, 1939
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</taxonomicName>
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=
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<taxonomicName id="4C6BD196FF8CFFCFFF69FE7C742E2EE4" authority="Bastian, 1865" authorityName="Bastian" authorityYear="1865" box="[165,522,419,442]" class="Adenophorea" family="Mononchidae" genus="Mononchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="cristatus">
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<emphasis id="B91F7607FF8CFFCFFF69FE7C775D2EE7" box="[165,377,420,442]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Mononchus cristatus</emphasis>
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Bastian, 1865
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD4AA15FF8CFFCFFF5BFE1A747E2E85" blockId="2.[151,871,328,472]" box="[151,602,450,472]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">
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<emphasis id="B91F7607FF8CFFCFFF5BFE1A777F2E85" box="[151,347,450,472]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">
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||
=
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<taxonomicName id="4C6BD196FF8CFFCFFF69FE1A777F2E85" authority="Choi, Khan & Lee, 1999" authorityName="Choi, Khan & Lee" authorityYear="1999" box="[165,347,450,472]" class="Adenophorea" family="Mononchidae" genus="Clarkus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mononchida" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="koreanus">Clarkus koreanus</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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Choi, Khan & Lee, 1999
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD4AA15FF8CFFCFFF5BFDDD77802D40" blockId="2.[151,1437,517,1948]" box="[151,420,517,541]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">
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<emphasis id="B91F7607FF8CFFCFFF5BFDDD77692D40" bold="true" box="[151,333,517,541]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Measurements.</emphasis>
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<tableCitation id="C6E99FAEFF8CFFCFFE98FDDD77802D40" box="[340,420,517,541]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="3.[125,213,577,600]" captionTargetBox="[125,1859,662,1410]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphometrics of females of Clarkus papillatus (Bastian, 1865) Jairajpuri, 1970, Prionchulus muscorum (Dujardin, 1845) Wu & Hoeppli, 1929, Sporonchulus vagabundus Jairajpuri, 1971 and S. ibitensis (Carvalho, 1951) Andrássy, 1958. Measurements are in Μm and in the form: mean ± SD (range)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF14FA9DFF8DFFCEFFB1FD9970E92D2B" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" tableUuid="DF14FA9DFF8DFFCEFFB1FD9970E92D2B">Table 1</tableCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD4AA15FF8CFFCFFF05FDF072AB2B61" blockId="2.[151,1437,517,1948]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">
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<emphasis id="B91F7607FF8CFFCFFF05FDF0778B2D1F" bold="true" box="[201,431,552,578]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">
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Description.
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<emphasis id="B91F7607FF8CFFCFFEA9FDF1778B2D1F" bold="true" box="[357,431,553,578]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Adult:</emphasis>
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</emphasis>
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Body medium-sized, ventrally curved upon fixation. Cuticle smooth 2–3 µm thick in different body regions. Body pores not visible. Lip region set off,
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<emphasis id="B91F7607FF8CFFCFFCB9FD9675AB2D38" box="[885,911,590,613]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">ca</emphasis>
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2.4–2.6 times as wide as high, distinctly wider than adjoining body, with very small or inconspicuous labial and cephalic sensilla. Amphids cup-shaped with oval apertures, 3–4 µm across, located anterior to dorsal tooth or 10–11 µm from anterior end. Buccal cavity barrelshaped tapering at base about 2–3 times as long as wide with heavily cuticularised parallel vertical and oblique walls; vertical walls consisting of a tooth-bearing dorsal wall and two toothless sub-ventral walls. Dorsal tooth prominent, 3–4 µm in thickness, situated in the anterior half of buccal cavity or about 82–83% of buccal capsule from its base; anterior margin of the tooth somewhat straight. Subventral walls of buccal cavity with a longitudinal ridge extending from the point opposite to dorsal tooth’s apex to posterior part of vertical plates. Pharyngeal sleeve surrounding stoma at 1/3–1/4 of its length from base. Pharynx cylindroid, muscular
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<emphasis id="B91F7607FF8CFFCFFBAEFCB672582CD8" box="[1122,1148,878,901]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">ca</emphasis>
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26–28% of body length. Nerve ring at 31–38% of pharyngeal length. Excretory pore 35–42% of pharyngeal length from the anterior end. Orifices of the pharyngeal glands: DO at
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<emphasis id="B91F7607FF8CFFCFFDA5FC6E74A02C90" box="[617,644,950,973]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">ca</emphasis>
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53–58%, SV1O1 and SV1O2 at
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<emphasis id="B91F7607FF8CFFCFFC11FC6E75DC2C90" box="[989,1016,950,973]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">ca</emphasis>
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72–75%, and SV2O1 and SV2O2 at
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<emphasis id="B91F7607FF8CFFCFFA4DFC6E73BF2C90" box="[1409,1435,950,973]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">ca</emphasis>
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94–97% of pharyngeal length. Pharyngo-intestinal junction non-tuberculate. Intestinal lumen wide, intestinal wall made up of large polygonal cells. Rectum
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<emphasis id="B91F7607FF8CFFCFFDBFFBD974AA2B45" box="[627,654,1025,1048]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">ca</emphasis>
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0.8–1.1 times anal body diameter long. Tail conoid, ventrally arcuate with acute terminus. Caudal glands absent, rudimentary in one specimen; spinneret absent.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD4AA15FF8CFFCFFF05FB9072782A49" blockId="2.[151,1437,517,1948]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">
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<emphasis id="B91F7607FF8CFFCFFF05FB90770D2B3C" bold="true" box="[201,297,1096,1121]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Female:</emphasis>
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Reproductive system didelphic, amphidelphic; ovaries reflexed, of robust size, about as wide as corresponding body diameter, with 7–10 oocytes arranged alternately or in single row in each ovary; and distal end with a cluster of proliferating oogonial cells. Oviduct narrow connected to uterus without any sphincter in between. Uterus muscular, accommodating usually one egg at a time, occasionally with two large-sized, smooth-shelled eggs, 76–80 µm long × 48–49 µm wide. Vagina extending more than half of corresponding body diameter with small, moderately sclerotised
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<emphasis id="B91F7607FF8CFFCFFE29FB2574B42A49" box="[485,656,1276,1300]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">pars refringens</emphasis>
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. Vulva an oval slit of 9–12 µm diameter.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD4AA15FF8CFFCFFF05FAF877AA2A65" blockId="2.[151,1437,517,1948]" box="[201,398,1312,1337]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">
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<emphasis id="B91F7607FF8CFFCFFF05FAF877292A64" bold="true" box="[201,269,1312,1337]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Male:</emphasis>
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Not found.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD4AA15FF8CFFCFFF05FA9B72082ADD" blockId="2.[151,1437,517,1948]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">
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<emphasis id="B91F7607FF8CFFCFFF05FA9B77EC2A01" bold="true" box="[201,456,1347,1372]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Locality and habitat.</emphasis>
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Soil containing
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<taxonomicName id="4C6BD196FF8CFFCFFD46FA9C75782A01" box="[650,860,1348,1372]" class="Adenophorea" family="Mononchidae" genus="Clarkus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mononchida" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="papillatus">
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<emphasis id="B91F7607FF8CFFCFFD46FA9C75782A01" box="[650,860,1348,1372]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Clarkus papillatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was collected from around the roots of
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<taxonomicName id="4C6BD196FF8CFFCFFAFEFA9D73562A01" box="[1330,1394,1349,1372]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B91F7607FF8CFFCFFAFEFA9D73562A01" box="[1330,1394,1349,1372]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Pinus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. from Dehradun, Uttarakhand,
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<collectingCountry id="F37CEA85FF8CFFCFFE25FAB074012ADD" box="[489,549,1384,1408]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">India</collectingCountry>
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, located at
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coordinates.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C371F99EFF8CFFCFFF05FA54748D2921" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD4AA15FF8CFFCFFF05FA54754E2AB1" blockId="2.[151,1437,517,1948]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F7607FF8CFFCFFF05FA54779E2AF9" bold="true" box="[201,442,1419,1444]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Voucher specimens.</emphasis>
|
||
One female on slide
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6BD196FF8CFFCFFD08FA54733E2AF9" authority="(Bastian, 1865) Jairajpuri, 1970" authorityName="(Bastian, 1865) Jairajpuri" authorityYear="1970" box="[708,1306,1420,1444]" class="Adenophorea" family="Mononchidae" genus="Clarkus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mononchida" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="papillatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F7607FF8CFFCFFD08FA5475BD2AF9" box="[708,921,1420,1444]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Clarkus papillatus</emphasis>
|
||
(Bastian, 1865) Jairajpuri, 1970
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
no. D13/1 deposited in the Nematode Collection, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37CEA85FF8CFFCFFF5BFA0C76F02AB1" box="[151,212,1492,1516]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
. One female deposited at USDANC, Beltsville, MD,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37CEA85FF8CFFCFFCE6FA0C75422AB1" box="[810,870,1492,1516]" name="United States of America" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD4AA15FF8CFFCFFF05FA2F748D2921" blockId="2.[151,1437,517,1948]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F7607FF8CFFCFFF05FA2F778F294D" bold="true" box="[201,427,1527,1552]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Salient characters.</emphasis>
|
||
Medium-sized nematodes; buccal cavity barrel-shaped, dorsal wall bearing a mediumsized tooth; each subventral wall provided with non-denticulate ridge. Pharyngo-intestinal junction nontuberculate. Female genital system amphidelphic. Tail short, conoid, ventrally arcuate with acute terminus. Caudal glands rudimentary or absent; spinneret absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C371F99EFF8CFFCFFF05F950748D28C1" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD4AA15FF8CFFCFFF05F950748D28C1" blockId="2.[151,1437,517,1948]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F7607FF8CFFCFFF05F950771829FD" bold="true" box="[201,316,1672,1696]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
This is the most widely distributed species of the genus, and has been reported from all continents (Andrássy, 2006) except
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37CEA85FF8CFFCFFE04F97474642999" box="[456,576,1708,1732]" name="Antarctica" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Antarctica</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The present specimens show morphological as well as morphometric characteristics similar to specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6BD196FF8CFFCFFD96F908750929B5" box="[602,813,1744,1768]" class="Adenophorea" family="Mononchidae" genus="Clarkus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mononchida" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="papillatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F7607FF8CFFCFFD96F908750929B5" box="[602,813,1744,1768]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Clarkus papillatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
described earlier (Jairajpuri, 1970a; Andrássy, 2006); however, the uterine eggs were relatively smaller (76–80 × 48–49 µm
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F7607FF8CFFCFFC74F92D75EB2851" box="[952,975,1781,1804]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">vs</emphasis>
|
||
80–92 × 32–44 µm) than those reported for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6BD196FF8CFFCFFF0CF8C17479286D" authority="Andrassy (2006)" authorityName="Andrassy" authorityYear="2006" box="[192,605,1816,1840]" class="Adenophorea" family="Mononchidae" genus="Clarkus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mononchida" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Nematoda" rank="subSpecies" species="papillatus" subSpecies="apud">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F7607FF8CFFCFFF0CF8C177B0286D" box="[192,404,1816,1840]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">C. papillatus apud</emphasis>
|
||
Andrássy (2006)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The lip region was variable from rounded to angular. The buccal cavity also showed variation in shape with the vertical walls straight to slightly curved. The inconspicuous caudal glands and absence of spinneret are typical features of this species, although the tails exhibited variation in degree of ventral curvature of the two specimens studied.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |