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<emphasis id="B9757A6A025FFF9423B5FD83CB581396" bold="true" box="[129,334,638,665]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="115">Dendronotus dalli</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF90DB89025FFF942260FD83CBC31397" author="Bergh, R." box="[340,469,638,664]" journalOrPublisher="Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia" pageId="22" pageNumber="115" pagination="71 - 132" part="31" refId="ref28253" refString="Bergh, R. (1879) On the nudibranchiate gasteropod mollusca of the North Pacific Ocean, with special reference to those of Alaska. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 31, 71 - 132." title="On the nudibranchiate gasteropod mollusca of the North Pacific Ocean, with special reference to those of Alaska" type="journal article" year="1879">Bergh, 1879</bibRefCitation>
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<figureCitation id="133ABAFD025FFF9423B5FD5FCAAD13B2" box="[129,187,674,701]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="14.[129,196,1668,1689]" captionTargetBox="[144,1171,170,1636]" captionTargetId="figure-1@14.[144,1171,170,1636]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 7 Representaives of the genus Dendronotus (living specimens). PHOTOGRAPHS BY T. KORSHUNOVA, A. MARTYNOV, K. FLETCHER, D. MILLER, Y. FUJIWARA, K. HASEGAWA, K. SANAMYAN, N. SANAMYAN, AND O. ZIMINA" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4623930" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4623930/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="115">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF90DB89025FFF942258FD3BC80213EF" author="Bergh, R." box="[364,532,710,736]" journalOrPublisher="Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia" pageId="22" pageNumber="115" pagination="71 - 132" part="31" refId="ref28253" refString="Bergh, R. (1879) On the nudibranchiate gasteropod mollusca of the North Pacific Ocean, with special reference to those of Alaska. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 31, 71 - 132." title="On the nudibranchiate gasteropod mollusca of the North Pacific Ocean, with special reference to those of Alaska" type="journal article" year="1879">Bergh, 1879: 94</bibRefCitation>
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, Pl. 1, Fig. 21; Pl. 2, Figs 912; Pl. 3,
<figureCitation id="133ABAFD025FFF9422A9FD17CBEB120B" box="[413,509,746,772]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 2" captionStart-1="FIGURE 3" captionStart-2="FIGURE 4" captionStart-3="FIGURE 5" captionStart-4="FIGURE 6" captionStartId-0="6.[129,196,1609,1630]" captionStartId-1="8.[129,196,1542,1563]" captionStartId-2="9.[98,164,1492,1513]" captionStartId-3="12.[129,195,1381,1402]" captionStartId-4="13.[100,167,1225,1246]" captionTargetBox-0="[149,1166,172,1575]" captionTargetBox-1="[129,1187,170,1506]" captionTargetBox-2="[115,1140,170,1460]" captionTargetBox-3="[129,1187,170,1350]" captionTargetBox-4="[101,1153,173,1189]" captionTargetId-0="figure-1@6.[147,1168,170,1577]" captionTargetId-1="figure-1@8.[129,1187,170,1510]" captionTargetId-2="figure-1@9.[115,1140,170,1460]" captionTargetId-3="figure-1@12.[129,1187,170,1350]" captionTargetId-4="figure-109@13.[98,1156,170,1193]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="8" captionTargetPageId-2="9" captionTargetPageId-3="12" captionTargetPageId-4="13" captionText-0="FIGURE 2 Phylogenetic relationships of the species of the genera Dendronotus, Pseudobornella and Cabangus in single COI, 16S, 28S, and H3 gene trees inferred by Bayesian Inference (BI). Some branches are collapsed. Positions the Pseudobornella orientalis highlighted green; positions the Cabangus regius highlighted orange.Numbers represent posterior probabilities from BI. PHOTOGRAPHS BY A. MARTYNOV AND T. KORSHUNOVA" captionText-1="FIGURE 3 A.Map of the Northern Hemisphere showing the distribution of D.elegans (including “D.niveus”), D.kalikal, and D.yrjargul sp. nov.The type locality of D.elegans is indicated by crossed lines. B. The haplotype networks based on cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI), 16S rRNA (16S), and 28S rRNA (28S) molecular data showing genetic mutations occurring within D.elegans (“D.niveus”), D. kalikal, and D.yrjargul sp. nov. specimens.Abbreviations:BeSt Bering Strait; BS Barents Sea; Gr Greenland; Km Kamchatka; KS Kara Sea; Ku Kuril Islands; LS Laptev Sea; Nf Newfoundland; NS Norwegian Sea; WS White Sea.Type locality of D.elegans is marked on the map by “x”." captionText-2="FIGURE 4 Dendronotus yrjargul sp.nov.(an) and D.kalikal (ot), external and internal morphology.ac: living holotype of D.yrjargul NTNU-VM-76306 (a) and its habitat (b, c), dorsal,ventral and lateral views with egg mass and associated hydroid Abietinaria fusca, respectively; d: Dendronotus yrjargul, habitat of living paratype NTNU-VM-76302;e: jaw of holotype; f:denticles on the masticatory edge of the holotype; g: jaws of paratype NTNU-VM-76302; h:discoid ridge-like structures on the masticatory edge of paratype NTNU-VM-76302;i: details of discoid structures on the masticatory edge of paratype NTNU-VM-76302; j: anterior part of radula of holotype; k:central teeth of radula of holotype;l:lateral teeth of radula of holotype; m:central teeth of radula of paratype NTNU-VM-76302; n: lateral teeth of radula of holotype; o: living holotype of D.kalikal; p: jaw of D.kalikal, specimen from Kurile Islands;" captionText-3="FIGURE 5 Dendronotus nordenskioeldi sp. nov.ZMMU Op-665, external and internal morphology.ab:living holotype, dorsal and lateral views respectively;c:ventral view of preserved holotype;d: jaw of holotype; e: irregular denticles on the masticatory edge of the holotype;f:posterior part of radula; g:central teeth of radula; h: lateral teeth of radula of holotype.Scale bars: d: 1mm; e: 20 µm; f:100 µm; g, h: 30 µm. PHOTOGRAPHS BY O. ZIMINA (A, B) AND T. KORSHUNOVA (C). SEM MICROGRAPHS BY A. MARTYNOV" captionText-4="FIGURE 6 Reproductive systems. a, Dendronotus yrjargul sp. nov.; b, D.kalikal; c, D.elegans; d, D. nordenskioeldi sp. nov. Scale bars:ad 1mm.Abbreviations:am, ampulla; bc, bursa copulatrix; fgm, female gland mass; fo, female opening; p, penis; pr, prostate; rs, receptaculum seminis; ud, uterine duct; vd, vas deferens; vg, vaginal duct." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4623920" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4623922" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4623924" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4623926" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4623928" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4623920/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4623922/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/4623924/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/4623926/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/4623928/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="115">Figs 26</figureCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0AA08069025FFF94213FFD17CB341226" author="Robilliard, G." page="452" pageId="22" pageNumber="115" year="1970">
<bibRefCitation id="EF90DB89025FFF94213FFD17CB341226" author="Robilliard, G." journalOrPublisher="Veliger" pageId="22" pageNumber="115" pagination="433 - 479" part="12" refId="ref31995" refString="Robilliard, G. (1970) The systematics and some aspects of the ecology of the genus Dendronotus. Veliger, 12, 433 - 479." title="The systematics and some aspects of the ecology of the genus Dendronotus" type="journal article" year="1970">Robilliard, 1970: 452455</bibRefCitation>
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, Figs 1315;
<treatmentCitation id="0AA08069025FFF94228DFCF3CABE1243" author="McDonald, G." page="463" pageId="22" pageNumber="115" year="2009">
<bibRefCitation id="EF90DB89025FFF94228DFCF3CABE1243" author="McDonald, G." journalOrPublisher="Second edition. Long Marine Laboratory, UC Santa Cruz" pageId="22" pageNumber="115" refId="ref31091" refString="McDonald, G. (2009) Nudibranch Systematic Index. Second edition. Long Marine Laboratory, UC Santa Cruz." title="Nudibranch Systematic Index" type="book" year="2009">McDonald, 2009: 463</bibRefCitation>
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(bibliography);
<treatmentCitation id="0AA08069025FFF942254FCCFCB06127F" author="Martynov, A. V. &amp; Korshunova, T. A." page="155" pageId="22" pageNumber="115" year="2011">
<bibRefCitation id="EF90DB89025FFF942254FCCFCB06127F" author="Martynov, A. V. &amp; Korshunova, T. A." journalOrPublisher="Fiton, Moscow" pageId="22" pageNumber="115" refId="ref30931" refString="Martynov, A. V. &amp; Korshunova, T. A. (2011) Opisthobranch Molluscs of the Seas of Russia. A Colour Guide to their Taxonomy and Biology. Fiton, Moscow." title="Opisthobranch Molluscs of the Seas of Russia. A Colour Guide to their Taxonomy and Biology" type="book" year="2011">Martynov &amp; Korshunova, 2011: 155157</bibRefCitation>
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(verified photographs of living specimens, description and biology in NW Pacific);
<treatmentCitation id="0AA08069025FFF9423EAFC60C83712B8" author="Ekimova, I. &amp; Korshunova, T. &amp; Schepetov, D. &amp; Neretina, T. &amp; Sanamyan, N. &amp; Martynov, A." box="[222,545,925,952]" page="860" pageId="22" pageNumber="115" year="2015">
<bibRefCitation id="EF90DB89025FFF9423EAFC60C83712B8" author="Ekimova, I. &amp; Korshunova, T. &amp; Schepetov, D. &amp; Neretina, T. &amp; Sanamyan, N. &amp; Martynov, A." box="[222,545,925,952]" journalOrPublisher="Zool. J. Linn. Soc." pageId="22" pageNumber="115" pagination="841 - 886" part="173" refId="ref28761" refString="Ekimova, I., Korshunova, T., Schepetov, D., Neretina, T., Sanamyan, N. &amp; Martynov, A. (2015) Integrative systematics of northern and Arctic nudibranchs of the genus Dendronotus (Mollusca, Gastropoda), with descriptions of three new species. Zool. J. Linn. Soc., 173, 841 - 886." title="Integrative systematics of northern and Arctic nudibranchs of the genus Dendronotus (Mollusca, Gastropoda), with descriptions of three new species" type="journal article" year="2015">Ekimova et al., 2015: 860863</bibRefCitation>
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,
<figureCitation id="133ABAFD025FFF94211DFC60C86D12B8" box="[553,635,925,951]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[100,167,1225,1246]" captionTargetBox="[101,1153,173,1189]" captionTargetId="figure-109@13.[98,1156,170,1193]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6 Reproductive systems. a, Dendronotus yrjargul sp. nov.; b, D.kalikal; c, D.elegans; d, D. nordenskioeldi sp. nov. Scale bars:ad 1mm.Abbreviations:am, ampulla; bc, bursa copulatrix; fgm, female gland mass; fo, female opening; p, penis; pr, prostate; rs, receptaculum seminis; ud, uterine duct; vd, vas deferens; vg, vaginal duct." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4623928" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4623928/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="115">Figs 6C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="133ABAFD025FFF9423B5FC3CCAB712D4" box="[129,161,961,987]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="24.[129,196,1404,1425]" captionTargetBox="[135,1181,170,1372]" captionTargetId="figure-1@24.[135,1181,170,1372]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 8 Dendronotus elegans. External and internal morphology.a: living specimen ZMMU Op-713 from Greenland, near East Atlantic North American coast; b: jaw, same specimen; c; posterior part of radula, general overview,same specimen; d: close up of smooth central teeth, same; e: close up of lateral teeth, same; f:living specimen ZMMU Op-714 (as “D.niveus”) from the White Sea (subarctic); g: jaw, same specimen; h:masticatory edge of the jaws,same; i: posterior part of radula, general overview,same specimen; j: close up of smooth central teeth, same; k: living specimen ZMMU Op-715 from the Laptev Sea (Arctic); l: jaw, same specimen; m: posterior part of radula, close up of smooth central teeth, same; n: lateral teeth, same.o: discoid prostate with numerous alveols (which considerably exceed the considerably underestimated number presented in the first description of D.niveus), same specimen; Scale bars: b, l, 1mm; c: 300 µm; d, hj, m: 100 µm; g: 1000 µm; e, n: 30 µm. PHOTOGRAPHS BY O. ZIMINA (A, K) AND T. KORSHUNOVA (F). SEM MICROGRAPHS BY A. MARTYNOV" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4623932" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4623932/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="115">8G</figureCitation>
, 11, 12, 13A.
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<taxonomicName id="4C01DDFB025FFF9423ABFC18CAA6152C" ID-CoL="34QZ8" authority="Bergh, 1879" authorityName="Bergh" authorityYear="1879" class="Gastropoda" family="Dendronotidae" genus="Dendronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="22" pageNumber="115" phylum="Mollusca" rank="variety" species="frondosus" variety="dalli">
<emphasis id="B9757A6A025FFF9423ABFC18CBBF12F0" box="[159,425,997,1023]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="115">Dendronotusfrondosus</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="B9757A6A025FFF9422C1FC18C83012F0" box="[501,550,997,1023]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="115">dalli</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF90DB89025FFF94210CFC18CAA6152C" author="Bergh, R." journalOrPublisher="Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia" pageId="22" pageNumber="115" pagination="71 - 132" part="31" refId="ref28253" refString="Bergh, R. (1879) On the nudibranchiate gasteropod mollusca of the North Pacific Ocean, with special reference to those of Alaska. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 31, 71 - 132." title="On the nudibranchiate gasteropod mollusca of the North Pacific Ocean, with special reference to those of Alaska" type="journal article" year="1879">Bergh, 1879</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
<treatmentCitation id="0AA08069025FFF9423FEFBF4CB96152C" author="Odhner, N." box="[202,384,1033,1059]" page="19" pageId="22" pageNumber="115" year="1907">
<bibRefCitation id="EF90DB89025FFF9423FEFBF4CB96152C" author="Odhner, N." box="[202,384,1033,1059]" journalOrPublisher="Det Kongelige Norske Videnskabers Selskabs Skrifter" pageId="22" pageNumber="115" pagination="1 - 114" part="41" refId="ref31492" refString="Odhner, N. (1907) Northern and Arctic invertebrates in the collection of the Swedish state museum. Det Kongelige Norske Videnskabers Selskabs Skrifter, 41, 1 - 114." title="Northern and Arctic invertebrates in the collection of the Swedish state museum" type="journal article" year="1907">Odhner, 1907: 19</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBEA678025FFF9423ABFBD3CAD51580" blockId="22.[129,640,638,1167]" pageId="22" pageNumber="115">
Not
<taxonomicName id="4C01DDFB025FFF9423F9FBD3CBF41548" ID-CoL="34QZ8" authority="sensu Bergh, 1886" authorityName="sensu Bergh" authorityYear="1886" box="[205,482,1069,1096]" class="Gastropoda" family="Dendronotidae" genus="Dendronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="22" pageNumber="115" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="dalli">
<emphasis id="B9757A6A025FFF9423F9FBD3CB0F1548" box="[205,281,1069,1095]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="115">D.dalli</emphasis>
sensu
<bibRefCitation id="EF90DB89025FFF942257FBD0CBF41548" author="Bergh, R." box="[355,482,1069,1095]" journalOrPublisher="Bijdr. Dierk." pageId="22" pageNumber="115" pagination="1 - 37" part="13" refId="ref28295" refString="Bergh, R. (1886) Die Nudibranchien. Gesammelt warhrend der fahrten des &quot; Willem-Barents &quot; in das Nordliche Eismeer. Bijdr. Dierk., 13, 1 - 37, pls. 1 - 3." title="Die Nudibranchien. Gesammelt warhrend der fahrten des &quot; Willem-Barents &quot; in das Nordliche Eismeer" type="journal article" year="1886">Bergh, 1886</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF90DB89025FFF9422D8FBD0CAA21564" author="Knipowitsch, N." journalOrPublisher="Ann. Mus. Zool. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Petersbourg" pageId="22" pageNumber="115" pagination="355 - 459" part="7" refId="ref29513" refString="Knipowitsch, N. (1902) Zoologische ergebnisse der russischen expeditionen nach Spitzbergen, Mollusca und Brachiopoda. Ann. Mus. Zool. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Petersbourg, 7, 355 - 459." title="Zoologische ergebnisse der russischen expeditionen nach Spitzbergen, Mollusca und Brachiopoda" type="journal article" year="1902">Knipowitsch, 1902</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF90DB89025FFF9423F1FBACCB911564" author="Roginskaya, I. S." box="[197,391,1105,1131]" journalOrPublisher="Keys to the Fauna of USSR" pageId="22" pageNumber="115" pagination="155 - 201" part="151" refId="ref32091" refString="Roginskaya, I. S. (1987) Order Nudibranchia Blainville, 1814. In: Molluscs of the White Sea. Keys to the Fauna of USSR, 151, 155 - 201." title="Order Nudibranchia Blainville, 1814" type="journal article" volumeTitle="Molluscs of the White Sea" year="1987">Roginskaya, 1987</bibRefCitation>
(=
<taxonomicName id="4C01DDFB025FFF94228EFBAFCAAE1580" ID-CoL="34QZB" authority="Verril, 1880" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1880" class="Gastropoda" family="Dendronotidae" genus="Dendronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="22" pageNumber="115" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="elegans">
<emphasis id="B9757A6A025FFF94228EFBAFC8391564" box="[442,559,1105,1131]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="115">D. elegans</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF90DB89025FFF942109FBACCAAE1580" author="Verril, A." journalOrPublisher="Proc. US Nat. Hist. Mus." pageId="22" pageNumber="115" pagination="356 - 405" part="3" refId="ref33080" refString="Verril, A. (1880) Notice of recent additions to the marine Invertebrata, of the northeastern coast of America, with descriptions of new genera and species and critical remarks on others. Part II. - Mollusca, with notes on Annelida, Echinodermata, etc., collected by the United States Fish Commission. Proc. US Nat. Hist. Mus., 3, 356 - 405." title="Notice of recent additions to the marine Invertebrata, of the northeastern coast of America, with descriptions of new genera and species and critical remarks on others. Part II. - Mollusca, with notes on Annelida, Echinodermata, etc., collected by the United States Fish Commission" type="journal article" year="1880">Verril, 1880</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31BF5F3025FFF9423B5FB40CE37135E" pageId="22" pageNumber="115" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BBEA678025FFF9423B5FB40CE37135E" blockId="22.[129,640,1213,1742]" lastBlockId="22.[676,1187,171,593]" pageId="22" pageNumber="115">
<emphasis id="B9757A6A025FFF9423B5FB40CB4A15D8" box="[129,348,1213,1239]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="115">Extended diagnosis</emphasis>
. Body relatively narrow. Four to eight pairs of branched dorsolateral appendages. Four to five appendages of oral veil. Four to 12 appendages (equal in size or few posterior ones longer) of rhinophoral stalks. Lateral papilla of rhinophoral sheaths present. Rhinophoreswith 1633 lamellae. Lip papillae 1540 (and more). Basal colour uniform translucent gray, light yellow to orange, brownish or pinkish, with external opaque white pigment on tips of dorsolateral appendages. Dorsal processes of jaws inclined posteriorly at approximately 60° to the longitudinalaxisof thejawbodyand0.45 of its length. Masticatory processes apparently bear denticles (may possess ridge-like structures). Radula with up to 51 rows of teeth. Central tooth completely smooth in adults. Up to 16 lateral teeth with up to 19 denticles. Ampulla relatively narrow with several (at least three) loops. Bursa copulatrix very large, oval. Seminal receptaculum small placed distally at a moderately short distance from the vaginal opening. Prostate discoid with up to 50 (and more) alveolar glands. The vas deferens is moderate in length, penis large, wide, with a blunt tip. Body length upto
<quantity id="4CF90B9D025FFF9420E9FDCBCE0A135E" box="[989,1052,566,593]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="22" pageNumber="115" unit="cm" value="14.0">14 cm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31BF5F3025FFF942190FD83C9B41226" pageId="22" pageNumber="115" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BBEA678025FFF942190FD83C9B41226" blockId="22.[676,1187,638,809]" pageId="22" pageNumber="115">
<emphasis id="B9757A6A025FFF942190FD83C93E1397" box="[676,808,638,664]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="115">Distribution</emphasis>
. North Pacific (The Seaof Japan inthe west and atleast Washington State, USA in the east to at least Chuckchii Sea; Russia, in the Arctic (may possibly penetrate further to the west in the Arctic).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31BF5F3025FFF942190FCA8C8FA129C" pageId="22" pageNumber="115" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BBEA678025FFF942190FCA8C8FA129C" blockId="22.[676,1187,853,915]" pageId="22" pageNumber="115">
<emphasis id="B9757A6A025FFF942190FCA8C9321260" box="[676,804,853,879]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="115">Bathymetry</emphasis>
. Verified records from
<quantity id="4CF90B9D025FFF942704FCA8CEB5127F" box="[1072,1187,853,880]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="22" pageNumber="115" unit="m" value="27.5" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="5.0">5 to 50 m</quantity>
depth.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31BF5F3025FFF952190FC3CC853120B" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="116" pageId="22" pageNumber="115" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BBEA678025FFF952190FC3CCAC511E5" blockId="22.[676,1189,961,1742]" lastBlockId="23.[98,610,171,772]" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="116" pageId="22" pageNumber="115">
<emphasis id="B9757A6A025FFF942190FC3CC91512D4" box="[676,771,961,987]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="115">Remarks</emphasis>
. Until recently, the North Atlantic
<taxonomicName id="4C01DDFB025FFF9427B8FC3FC8E012F0" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1880" class="Gastropoda" family="Dendronotidae" genus="Dendronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="22" pageNumber="115" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="elegans">
<emphasis id="B9757A6A025FFF9427B8FC3FC8E012F0" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="115">D. elegans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see below) has been confused with the North Pacific
<taxonomicName id="4C01DDFB025FFF942041FBF7C9D1152C" authorityName="sensu Bergh" authorityYear="1886" box="[885,967,1033,1059]" class="Gastropoda" family="Dendronotidae" genus="Dendronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="22" pageNumber="115" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="dalli">
<emphasis id="B9757A6A025FFF942041FBF7C9D1152C" box="[885,967,1033,1059]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="115">D. dalli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The best external feature to distinguish these two closely related species is the presence of an external opaque white pigment on the apical parts of the dorsolateral processes in
<taxonomicName id="4C01DDFB025FFF9420DFFB64CE2F15BC" authorityName="sensu Bergh" authorityYear="1886" box="[1003,1081,1177,1203]" class="Gastropoda" family="Dendronotidae" genus="Dendronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="22" pageNumber="115" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="dalli">
<emphasis id="B9757A6A025FFF9420DFFB64CE2F15BC" box="[1003,1081,1177,1203]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="115">D. dalli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, whereas in
<taxonomicName id="4C01DDFB025FFF9421F2FB40C92F15D9" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1880" box="[710,825,1212,1238]" class="Gastropoda" family="Dendronotidae" genus="Dendronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="22" pageNumber="115" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="elegans">
<emphasis id="B9757A6A025FFF9421F2FB40C92F15D9" box="[710,825,1212,1238]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="115">D. elegans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
such a pigment, if present, is internal. These species may co-occur in some Arctic localities, but this needs to be further investigated. For
<taxonomicName id="4C01DDFB025FFF942054FAD4C9BA144D" authorityName="sensu Bergh" authorityYear="1886" box="[864,940,1320,1346]" class="Gastropoda" family="Dendronotidae" genus="Dendronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="22" pageNumber="115" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="dalli">
<emphasis id="B9757A6A025FFF942054FAD4C9BA144D" box="[864,940,1320,1346]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="115">D.dalli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
an absence of tertiary branches of the dorsolateral appendages was incorrectly mentioned by
<bibRefCitation id="EF90DB89025FFF942734FA8DC8FF14A0" author="Ekimova, I. &amp; Korshunova, T. &amp; Schepetov, D. &amp; Neretina, T. &amp; Sanamyan, N. &amp; Martynov, A." journalOrPublisher="Zool. J. Linn. Soc." pageId="22" pageNumber="115" pagination="841 - 886" part="173" refId="ref28761" refString="Ekimova, I., Korshunova, T., Schepetov, D., Neretina, T., Sanamyan, N. &amp; Martynov, A. (2015) Integrative systematics of northern and Arctic nudibranchs of the genus Dendronotus (Mollusca, Gastropoda), with descriptions of three new species. Zool. J. Linn. Soc., 173, 841 - 886." title="Integrative systematics of northern and Arctic nudibranchs of the genus Dendronotus (Mollusca, Gastropoda), with descriptions of three new species" type="journal article" year="2015">Ekimova et al. (2015)</bibRefCitation>
.Thereisapossibilitythatlight-coloured varieties of
<taxonomicName id="4C01DDFB025FFF94200EFA44C9FC14DD" box="[826,1002,1464,1490]" class="Gastropoda" family="Dendronotidae" genus="Dendronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="22" pageNumber="115" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="kamchaticus">
<emphasis id="B9757A6A025FFF94200EFA44C9FC14DD" box="[826,1002,1464,1490]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="115">D. kamchaticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were depicted under
<emphasis id="B9757A6A025FFF9421DFFA20C92B14F9" box="[747,829,1500,1526]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="115">
<taxonomicName id="4C01DDFB025FFF9421DFFA20C92F14F9" authorityName="sensu Bergh" authorityYear="1886" box="[747,825,1500,1526]" class="Gastropoda" family="Dendronotidae" genus="Dendronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="22" pageNumber="115" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="dalli">D.dalli</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
judging fromphotographs infor example
<bibRefCitation id="EF90DB89025FFF94203DF9FDC9B91715" author="Behrens, D." box="[777,943,1536,1562]" journalOrPublisher="Sea Challengers, Los Osos, CA" pageId="22" pageNumber="115" refId="ref28186" refString="Behrens, D. (1980) Pacific Coast Nudibranchs, a Guide to the Opisthobranchs of the Northeastern Pacific. Sea Challengers, Los Osos, CA." title="Pacific Coast Nudibranchs, a Guide to the Opisthobranchs of the Northeastern Pacific" type="book" year="1980">Behrens (1980)</bibRefCitation>
(see also
<bibRefCitation id="EF90DB89025FFF942728F9FDC9221731" author="Korshunova, T. &amp; Sanamyan, N. &amp; Zimina, O. &amp; Fletcher, K. &amp; Martynov, A." journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="22" pageNumber="115" pagination="19 - 42" part="630" refId="ref30101" refString="Korshunova, T., Sanamyan, N., Zimina, O., Fletcher, K. &amp; Martynov, A. (2016 a) Two new species and a remarkable record of the genus Dendronotus from the North Pacific and Arctic oceans (Nudibranchia). ZooKeys, 630, 19 - 42." title="Two new species and a remarkable record of the genus Dendronotus from the North Pacific and Arctic oceans (Nudibranchia)" type="journal article" year="2016">Korshunova et al., 2016a</bibRefCitation>
). In some studies,
<taxonomicName id="4C01DDFB025FFF942721F9DEC8C3176E" authorityName="sensu Bergh" authorityYear="1886" class="Gastropoda" family="Dendronotidae" genus="Dendronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="22" pageNumber="115" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="dalli">
<emphasis id="B9757A6A025FFF942721F9DEC8C3176E" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="115">Dendronotus dalli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was incorrectly considered a synonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C01DDFB025FFF942190F991C93C178A" box="[676,810,1643,1669]" class="Gastropoda" family="Dendronotidae" genus="Dendronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="22" pageNumber="115" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="frondosus">
<emphasis id="B9757A6A025FFF942190F991C93C178A" box="[676,810,1643,1669]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="115">D. frondosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF90DB89025FFF94200CF996C9DA178A" author="Odhner, N." box="[824,972,1643,1669]" journalOrPublisher="Mem. Mus. R. Hist. Nat. Belg." pageId="22" pageNumber="115" pagination="1057 - 1128" part="3" refId="ref31525" refString="Odhner, N. (1936) NudibranchiaDendronotacea - A revision of the system. Mem. Mus. R. Hist. Nat. Belg. (Ser. 2), 3, 1057 - 1128." title="NudibranchiaDendronotacea - A revision of the system" type="journal article" year="1936">Odhner, 1936</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF90DB89025FFF9420E2F996CE8A1789" author="MacFarland, F. M." box="[982,1180,1643,1670]" journalOrPublisher="Mem. Calif. Acad. Sci." pageId="22" pageNumber="115" pagination="1 - 546" part="6" refId="ref30430" refString="MacFarland, F. M. (1966) Studies of opisthobranchiate mollusks of the Pacific coast of North America. Mem. Calif. Acad. Sci., 6, 1 - 546." title="Studies of opisthobranchiate mollusks of the Pacific coast of North America" type="journal article" year="1966">MacFarland, 1966</bibRefCitation>
) due to an underestimation of the importance of ontogenetic radula data (central teeth are denticulated in juveniles and usually smooth in adults).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBEA678025EFF9523B5FF09C853120B" blockId="23.[98,610,171,772]" pageId="23" pageNumber="116">
We have investigated a considerable number of specimens and sequences of
<taxonomicName id="4C01DDFB025EFF9522C6FEE5C877103E" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1880" box="[498,609,279,305]" class="Gastropoda" family="Dendronotidae" genus="Dendronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="23" pageNumber="116" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="elegans">
<emphasis id="B9757A6A025EFF9522C6FEE5C877103E" box="[498,609,279,305]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="116">D. elegans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the North Atlantic and neighbouring subarctic regions. There are no confirmed records of true
<taxonomicName id="4C01DDFB025EFF952222FE79CB701092" authorityName="sensu Bergh" authorityYear="1886" box="[278,358,387,413]" class="Gastropoda" family="Dendronotidae" genus="Dendronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="23" pageNumber="116" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="dalli">
<emphasis id="B9757A6A025EFF952222FE79CB701092" box="[278,358,387,413]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="116">D. dalli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the North Atlantic and neighbouring regions. The indication of
<taxonomicName id="4C01DDFB025EFF952356FE36CAA010EA" authorityName="sensu Bergh" authorityYear="1886" box="[98,182,459,485]" class="Gastropoda" family="Dendronotidae" genus="Dendronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="23" pageNumber="116" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="dalli">
<emphasis id="B9757A6A025EFF952356FE36CAA010EA" box="[98,182,459,485]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="116">D. dalli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
fromthe North Atlantic (Genbank COI
<accessionNumber id="94523B9B025EFF9523AFFE12CB061306" box="[155,272,495,521]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/AF249800" pageId="23" pageNumber="116">AF249800</accessionNumber>
) in a table of the paper of
<bibRefCitation id="EF90DB89025EFF952356FDEFCBF71322" author="Wollscheid-Lengeling, V. &amp; Boore J. &amp; Brown, W. &amp; Wagele, H." box="[98,481,530,557]" journalOrPublisher="Org. Divers. Evol." pageId="23" pageNumber="116" pagination="241 - 256" part="1" refId="ref33392" refString="Wollscheid-Lengeling, V., Boore J., Brown, W. &amp; Wagele, H. (2001) The phylogeny of Nudibranchia (Opisthobranchia, Gastropoda, Mollusca) reconstructed by three molecular markers.. Org. Divers. Evol., 1, 241 - 256." title="The phylogeny of Nudibranchia (Opisthobranchia, Gastropoda, Mollusca) reconstructed by three molecular markers" type="journal article" year="2001">Wollscheid-Lengeling et al. (2001)</bibRefCitation>
is due to a mix-up of localities, inthiscase withthe North Pacific. The same can be said about
<taxonomicName id="4C01DDFB025EFF95213FFDA7CB1B1397" authorityName="MacFarland" authorityYear="1966" class="Gastropoda" family="Cadlinidae" genus="Cadlina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="23" pageNumber="116" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="luteomarginata">
<emphasis id="B9757A6A025EFF95213FFDA7CB1B1397" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="116">Cadlina luteomarginata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the North Atlantic in the same paper (
<bibRefCitation id="EF90DB89025EFF952211FD5FCA8113EF" author="Wollscheid-Lengeling, V. &amp; Boore J. &amp; Brown, W. &amp; Wagele, H." journalOrPublisher="Org. Divers. Evol." pageId="23" pageNumber="116" pagination="241 - 256" part="1" refId="ref33392" refString="Wollscheid-Lengeling, V., Boore J., Brown, W. &amp; Wagele, H. (2001) The phylogeny of Nudibranchia (Opisthobranchia, Gastropoda, Mollusca) reconstructed by three molecular markers.. Org. Divers. Evol., 1, 241 - 256." title="The phylogeny of Nudibranchia (Opisthobranchia, Gastropoda, Mollusca) reconstructed by three molecular markers" type="journal article" year="2001">Wollscheid-Lengeling et al., 2001</bibRefCitation>
) for which
<bibRefCitation id="EF90DB89025EFF952222FD3BCBFB13EF" author="Johnson, R. F." box="[278,493,710,736]" journalOrPublisher="Zool. Scr." pageId="23" pageNumber="116" pagination="137 - 157" part="40" refId="ref29375" refString="Johnson, R. F. (2010) Breaking family ties: taxon sampling and molecular phylogeny of chromodorid nudibranchs (Mollusca, Gastropoda). Zool. Scr., 40, 137 - 157." title="Breaking family ties: taxon sampling and molecular phylogeny of chromodorid nudibranchs (Mollusca, Gastropoda)" type="journal article" year="2010">Johnson (2010: 142)</bibRefCitation>
explained that they originated from the North Pacific.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>