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<document id="5949FBFC73D8E3EB86EA85194E3E17D2" ID-CLB-Dataset="5247" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3878.5.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5247e933-3152-40d5-ae19-cce84a3dad7f" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4948908" ID-ZooBank="11145FA0-2CB5-460A-B7A6-9A634C778982" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1623702158138" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Van Soest, Rob W. M., Meesters, Erik H. W. G. &amp; Becking, Leontine E." docDate="2014" docId="03B487DF123BA764F99C68B6AE14B5F0" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03878p443.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3878 (5)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Neopetrosia eurystomata Van Soest &amp; Meesters &amp; Becking 2014, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="432" masterDocId="FF8DFFA71226A77BF90B6821AB2FB758" masterDocTitle="Deep-water sponges (Porifera) from Bonaire and Klein Curaçao, Southern Caribbean" masterLastPageNumber="443" masterPageNumber="401" pageNumber="430" updateTime="1699015317828" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
<mods:mods id="47158346482AFDCD3D741709323CD531" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="23899D4621E3AFF6A9EEC9D853B4A023">
<mods:title id="E65E29B4507C6911140F6948FD1D3877">Deep-water sponges (Porifera) from Bonaire and Klein Curaçao, Southern Caribbean</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="93D74A84F0C7455172FC6FA356C92690" type="personal">
<mods:role id="A90B12F552C49975CA9D22A0BC24E393">
<mods:roleTerm id="273897FD8A0D1F3C6704FF0440897680">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="711319577C0F81560FA21C618E47D36C">Van Soest, Rob W. M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="C474E0B24850F51C17273C8727F3FE46">Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Department of Marine Zoology, P. O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="D27B8A6CE7DB2D2BFA90AE8485F0AE53">Meesters, Erik H. W. G.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="E09C04D8E3784CC6D527487BDE88C7F5">Institute for Marine Resources and Ecosystem Studies (IMARES), Wageningen UR, P. O. Box 57, 1780 AB Den Helder, The Netherlands. E-mail: erik. meesters @ wur. nl</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="C8F21B70BC1C764466A1626FD57E6677" type="personal">
<mods:role id="A706264DF2F57432EC342AC56BB94FD2">
<mods:roleTerm id="C597814A278B836BC44746A006DEB7E8">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="7A71E18274EB9EAFD5E991AD3FF0E98F">Becking, Leontine E.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="6437DFCAA1302501D0D3A1B74CA85B61">Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Department of Marine Zoology, P. O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands. &amp; Institute for Marine Resources and Ecosystem Studies (IMARES), Wageningen UR, P. O. Box 57, 1780 AB Den Helder, The Netherlands. E-mail: erik. meesters @ wur. nl &amp; University of California Berkeley, Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management (ESPM), 130 Mulford Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 - 3114, USA. E-mail: lebecking @ gmail. com</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="A42D4A5FB1816BD536AB42705D4D807F">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="DAB6FBA25C60A54C8EAF4E4B9A30C3E1">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="F4EFE51D61107818A6DEFA68EE640E93">
<mods:date id="E58D64C4C8359AD5F876D51ABBECDCB5">2014</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="BF648496027833858F6A4F190439419A" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="FA5208266F5877615F7DCF9921095E0D">2014-10-29</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="EC7E07524677B02D8559AD686A3AE5BF" type="volume">
<mods:number id="602E8DD0488E2238A12764EDFBDF81A5">3878</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="37510D46A87B3DFB9C8A3FC6C698AA96">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="1DE537DB8E5B960741DBC4B65DF7C557" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3878.5.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03B487DF123BA764F99C68B6AE14B5F0" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183823270" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B487DF123BA764F99C68B6AE14B5F0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B487DF123BA764F99C68B6AE14B5F0" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="432" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">
<subSubSection id="C3076542123BA766F99C68B6A975B7EA" box="[151,602,151,178]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BA236C9123BA766F99C68B6A975B7EA" blockId="29.[151,602,151,211]" box="[151,602,151,178]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">
<heading id="D0EA81A5123BA766F99C68B6A975B7EA" bold="true" box="[151,602,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B969EADB123BA766F99C68B6A975B7EA" bold="true" box="[151,602,151,178]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D4A123BA766F99C68B6AAECB7E9" ID-CoL="46PYR" authority="Van Soest &amp; Meesters &amp; Becking, 2014" authorityName="Van Soest &amp; Meesters &amp; Becking" authorityYear="2014" box="[151,451,151,177]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Neopetrosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="eurystomata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B969EADB123BA766F99C68B6AAECB7E9" bold="true" box="[151,451,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">Neopetrosia eurystomata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25A57A0123BA766F8C168B9A975B7EA" box="[458,602,152,178]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3076542123BA766F99C689BAAACB78B" box="[151,387,186,211]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA236C9123BA766F99C689BAAACB78B" blockId="29.[151,602,151,211]" box="[151,387,186,211]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">
<figureCitation id="13262A4C123BA766F99C689BAA1BB78B" box="[151,308,186,211]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1936,1958]" captionTargetBox="[180,1392,363,1888]" captionTargetId="figure-102@29.[180,1392,363,1888]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 19. Neopetrosia eurystomata n. sp., a. holotype RMNH Por. 9239 in situ, b. paratype RMNH Por. 9242 in situ, c. holotype after collection, d. paratype RMNH Por. 9242, after collection, e. tangential view of ectosomal skeleton of holotype, f. cross section of peripheral skeleton of holotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4948977" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4948977/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">Figures 19a–f</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13262A4C123BA766F834689BAAACB78B" box="[319,387,186,211]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1044,1066]" captionTargetBox="[179,1408,193,1022]" captionTargetId="figure-428@30.[179,1408,193,1022]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 20. Neopetrosia eurystomata n. sp., a. fragment of paratype RMNH Por. 9250 after collection, b–c. SEM images of spicules of holotype RMNH 9239, b. larger oxea, b1. details of apex of larger oxea, c. smaller oxea." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4948979" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4948979/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">20a–c</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3076542123BA766F99C6922AAB6B66F" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BA236C9123BA766F99C6922AAB6B66F" blockId="29.[151,1436,258,311]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0D11E7123BA766F99C6922AAB6B66F" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">
<treatmentCitation id="0ABC10D8123BA766F99C6922A80BB640" author="Van Soest R. W. M. &amp; Stentoft, N." box="[151,804,258,280]" page="132" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" year="1988">
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D4A123BA766F99C6922A80BB640" ID-CoL="7G9LC" authority="sensu Van Soest &amp; Stentoft, 1988: 132" authorityName="sensu Van Soest &amp; Stentoft" authorityPageNumber="132" authorityYear="1988" box="[151,804,258,280]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Xestospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="proxima">
<emphasis id="B969EADB123BA766F99C6922AA30B640" box="[151,287,259,280]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">Xestospongia</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="B969EADB123BA766F84E6922AAB6B640" box="[325,409,259,280]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">proxima</emphasis>
sensu
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C4B38123BA766F8D76922A80BB640" author="Van Soest R. W. M. &amp; Stentoft, N." box="[476,804,258,280]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" pagination="1 - 175" refId="ref26529" refString="Van Soest R. W. M. &amp; Stentoft, N. (1988) Barbados deep-water Sponges. Studies on the Fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands, 70 (215), 1 - 175." type="journal article" year="1988">Van Soest &amp; Stentoft, 1988: 132</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 12 fig. 4, text-fig. 64 (not:
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D4A123BA766FD516923AAA1B66F" authority="Duchassaing &amp; Michelotti, 1864" authorityName="Duchassaing &amp; Michelotti" authorityYear="1864" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Thalysias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="proxima">
<emphasis id="B969EADB123BA766FD516923AE3AB640" box="[1114,1301,258,280]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">Thalysias proxima</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C4B38123BA766FC106923AAA1B66F" author="Duchassaing De Fonbressin, P. &amp; Michelotti, G." pageId="29" pageNumber="430" pagination="1 - 124" refId="ref23312" refString="Duchassaing De Fonbressin, P. &amp; Michelotti, G. (1864) Spongiaires de la mer Caraibe. Natuurkundige verhandelingen van de Hollandsche maatschappij der wetenschappen te Haarlem, 21 (2), 1 - 124. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11943" type="journal article" year="1864">Duchassaing &amp; Michelotti, 1864</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF626641123BA766F99C6FB1A952B0BB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4948977" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4948977" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4948977/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" startId="29.[151,250,1936,1958]" targetBox="[180,1392,363,1888]" targetPageId="29">
<paragraph id="8BA236C9123BA766F99C6FB1A952B0BB" blockId="29.[151,1437,1936,2019]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">
<emphasis id="B969EADB123BA766F99C6FB1AA35B0FD" bold="true" box="[151,282,1936,1958]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">FIGURE 19</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D4A123BA766F8226FB0A906B0FE" authority="Van Soest &amp; Meesters &amp; Becking, 2014" authorityName="Van Soest &amp; Meesters &amp; Becking" authorityYear="2014" box="[297,553,1937,1958]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Neopetrosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="eurystomata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B969EADB123BA766F8226FB0A906B0FE" box="[297,553,1937,1958]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">Neopetrosia eurystomata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B969EADB123BA766FB3A6FB1A943B0FD" bold="true" box="[561,620,1936,1957]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25A57A0123BA766FB3A6FB1A943B0FD" box="[561,620,1936,1957]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, a. holotype RMNH Por. 9239 in situ, b. paratype RMNH Por. 9242 in situ, c. holotype after collection, d. paratype RMNH Por. 9242, after collection, e. tangential view of ectosomal skeleton of holotype, f. cross section of peripheral skeleton of holotype.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF6266411238A765F99C6C35AFA6B310" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4948979" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4948979" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4948979/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" startId="30.[151,250,1044,1066]" targetBox="[179,1408,193,1022]" targetPageId="30">
<paragraph id="8BA236C91238A765F99C6C35AFA6B310" blockId="30.[151,1435,1044,1096]" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">
<emphasis id="B969EADB1238A765F99C6C35AA36B371" bold="true" box="[151,281,1044,1066]" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">FIGURE 20</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D4A1238A765F82C6C34A909B372" authority="Van Soest &amp; Meesters &amp; Becking, 2014" authorityName="Van Soest &amp; Meesters &amp; Becking" authorityYear="2014" box="[295,550,1045,1066]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Neopetrosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="eurystomata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B969EADB1238A765F82C6C34A909B372" box="[295,550,1045,1066]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">Neopetrosia eurystomata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B969EADB1238A765FB266C35A948B371" bold="true" box="[557,615,1044,1065]" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25A57A01238A765FB266C35A948B371" box="[557,615,1044,1065]" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, a. fragment of paratype RMNH Por. 9250 after collection, b–c. SEM images of spicules of holotype RMNH 9239, b. larger oxea, b1. details of apex of larger oxea, c. smaller oxea.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C30765421238A765F99C6C54A8D4B23E" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BA236C91238A765F99C6C54AA3EB38E" blockId="30.[151,1437,1141,2030]" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">
<emphasis id="B969EADB1238A765F99C6C54AAAAB3D5" box="[151,389,1141,1166]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B969EADB1238A765F99C6C54AA51B3D6" bold="true" box="[151,382,1141,1166]" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">Material examined</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B753C941238A765F89A6C54AA3EB38E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3328559303" collectingDate="2013-05-30" collectionCode="RMNH" collectorName=" L. E. Becking &amp; E. Meesters" country="Caribbean Netherlands, Bonaire" elevation="108" latitude="12.1469" location="Caribbean Netherlands, Bonaire" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-68.2821" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" specimenCode="BDR008" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="54A6886B1238A765F89A6C54AAD1B3D6" box="[401,510,1141,1166]" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
<collectionCode id="ED0CAE0C1238A765FB066C57A94EB3D5" box="[525,609,1142,1165]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" type="Museum">RMNH</collectionCode>
<collectorName id="26E8531F1238A765FB666C57A9B5B3D5" box="[621,666,1142,1165]" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">Por.</collectorName>
9239,
<collectingCountry id="F30A76591238A765FBFB6C54AF4AB3D6" box="[752,1125,1141,1166]" isEnumeration="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">Caribbean Netherlands, Bonaire</collectingCountry>
,
<collectorName id="26E8531F1238A765FD7E6C54AE09B3D6" box="[1141,1318,1141,1166]" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">Kralendijk Pier</collectorName>
(Dive 2),
<geoCoordinate id="EE29500E1238A765F99C6CB8AA3EB3EA" box="[151,273,1177,1202]" degrees="12.1469" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" precision="5" value="12.1469">12.1469°N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE29500E1238A765F8126CB8AAB5B3EA" box="[281,410,1177,1202]" degrees="68.2821" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" precision="5" value="-68.2821">68.2821°W</geoCoordinate>
, on sandy rubble at
<quantity id="4CE59B2C1238A765FB746CB8A9E7B3E9" box="[639,712,1177,1202]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.08" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" unit="m" value="108.0">
<elevation id="0030D1FA1238A765FB746CB8A9E7B3E9" box="[639,712,1177,1202]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.08" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" unit="m" value="108.0">108 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, coll.
<collectorName id="26E8531F1238A765FA056CBBA88CB3EA" box="[782,931,1177,1202]" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">L.E. Becking</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="26E8531F1238A765FAC26CBBAF7EB3E9" box="[969,1105,1178,1201]" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">E. Meesters</collectorName>
, field nr. BON1/
<specimenCode id="DBBB9EB21238A765FC066CB8AE5BB3EA" box="[1293,1396,1177,1202]" collectionCode="BDR" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">BDR008</specimenCode>
,
<date id="FFA310091238A765FC8B6CB8AA22B38E" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" value="2013-05-30">
<collectingDate id="EFE7E9E11238A765FC8B6CB8AA22B38E" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" value="2013-05-30">30 May 2013</collectingDate>
</date>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA236C91238A765F9CC6CC3A8D4B23E" blockId="30.[151,1437,1141,2030]" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">
<materialsCitation id="3B753C941238A765F9CC6CC3AFADB246" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3328559319" collectionCode="RMNH" collectorName="L. E. Becking &amp; E. Meesters" country="Caribbean Netherlands, Bonaire" county="Dive" elevation="111" latitude="12.1469" location="Por." longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-68.2821" municipality="Kralendijk Pier" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="54A6886B1238A765F9CC6CC3AA16B3A2" box="[199,313,1250,1274]" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
:
<collectionCode id="ED0CAE0C1238A765F8466CC3AA8EB3A1" box="[333,417,1250,1273]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" type="Museum">RMNH</collectionCode>
<location id="8EC260121238A765F8B86CC3AACFB3A1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B487DF123BA764F99C68B6AE14B5F0:8EC260121238A765F8B86CC3AACFB3A1" box="[435,480,1250,1273]" country="Caribbean Netherlands, Bonaire" county="Dive" latitude="12.1469" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-68.2821" municipality="Kralendijk Pier" name="Por." pageId="30" pageNumber="431">Por.</location>
9242,
<collectingCountry id="F30A76591238A765FB496CC0A8EDB3A2" box="[578,962,1249,1274]" isEnumeration="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">Caribbean Netherlands, Bonaire</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BC6ACB31238A765FAD36CC0AFA1B3A2" box="[984,1166,1249,1274]" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">Kralendijk Pier</collectingMunicipality>
(
<collectingCounty id="62C34E451238A765FDA36CC0AFCFB3A2" box="[1192,1248,1249,1274]" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">Dive</collectingCounty>
2),
<geoCoordinate id="EE29500E1238A765FC296CC0AEB3B3A2" box="[1314,1436,1249,1274]" degrees="12.1469" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" precision="5" value="12.1469">12.1469°N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE29500E1238A765F99C6D24AA37B246" box="[151,280,1285,1310]" degrees="68.2821" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" precision="5" value="-68.2821">68.2821°W</geoCoordinate>
, on sandy rubble at
<quantity id="4CE59B2C1238A765F8F66D24A96AB245" box="[509,581,1285,1310]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1099999999999999" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" unit="m" value="111.0">
<elevation id="0030D1FA1238A765F8F66D24A96AB245" box="[509,581,1285,1310]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1099999999999999" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" unit="m" value="111.0">111 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, coll.
<collectorName id="26E8531F1238A765FB806D27A80FB246" box="[651,800,1285,1310]" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">L.E. Becking</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="26E8531F1238A765FA4D6D27A8E1B245" box="[838,974,1286,1309]" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">E. Meesters</collectorName>
, field nr. BON1
</materialsCitation>
/
<materialsCitation id="3B753C941238A765FD816D24AEB6B246" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3328559313" box="[1162,1433,1285,1310]" collectingDate="2013-05-30" collectionCode="BDR" country="Caribbean Netherlands, Bonaire" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" specimenCode="BDR013" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCode id="DBBB9EB21238A765FD816D24AFDDB246" box="[1162,1266,1285,1310]" collectionCode="BDR" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">BDR013</specimenCode>
,
<date id="FFA310091238A765FDF56D24AEB6B246" box="[1278,1433,1285,1310]" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" value="2013-05-30">
<collectingDate id="EFE7E9E11238A765FDF56D24AEB6B246" box="[1278,1433,1285,1310]" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" value="2013-05-30">30 May 2013</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B753C941238A765F99C6D0BA9CBB23E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3328559304" collectionCode="RMNH" collectorName="L. E. Becking &amp; E. Meesters" country="Caribbean Netherlands, Bonaire" county="Dive" elevation="88" latitude="12.137" location="Por." longLatPrecision="77" longitude="-68.286" municipality="Curoil Dock" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectionCode id="ED0CAE0C1238A765F99C6D0BABC4B219" box="[151,235,1322,1345]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" type="Museum">RMNH</collectionCode>
<location id="8EC260121238A765F9F86D0BAA0FB219" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B487DF123BA764F99C68B6AE14B5F0:8EC260121238A765F9F86D0BAA0FB219" box="[243,288,1322,1345]" country="Caribbean Netherlands, Bonaire" county="Dive" latitude="12.137" longLatPrecision="77" longitude="-68.286" municipality="Curoil Dock" name="Por." pageId="30" pageNumber="431">Por.</location>
9250,
<collectingCountry id="F30A76591238A765F8666D08A9F4B21A" box="[365,731,1321,1346]" isEnumeration="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">Caribbean Netherlands, Bonaire</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BC6ACB31238A765FBED6D08A85BB21A" box="[742,884,1321,1346]" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">Curoil Dock</collectingMunicipality>
, (
<collectingCounty id="62C34E451238A765FA826D08A8EEB21A" box="[905,961,1321,1346]" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">Dive</collectingCounty>
3),
<geoCoordinate id="EE29500E1238A765FAE56D08AF74B21A" box="[1006,1115,1321,1346]" degrees="12.137" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" precision="55" value="12.137">12.137°N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE29500E1238A765FD686D08AFFAB21A" box="[1123,1237,1321,1346]" degrees="68.286" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" precision="55" value="-68.286">68.286°W</geoCoordinate>
, in the sand at
<quantity id="4CE59B2C1238A765FC8B6D08AB80B23D" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.8" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" unit="m" value="88.0">
<elevation id="0030D1FA1238A765FC8B6D08AB80B23D" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.8" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" unit="m" value="88.0">88 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, coll.
<collectorName id="26E8531F1238A765F9F86D6FAAA8B23E" box="[243,391,1357,1382]" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">L.E. Becking</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="26E8531F1238A765F8A06D6FA91DB23D" box="[427,562,1358,1381]" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">E. Meesters</collectorName>
, field nr. BON3
</materialsCitation>
/
<materialsCitation id="3B753C941238A765FBE66D6CA8D8B23E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3328559318" box="[749,1015,1357,1382]" collectingDate="2013-05-31" collectionCode="BDR" country="Caribbean Netherlands, Bonaire" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" specimenCode="BDR037" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCode id="DBBB9EB21238A765FBE66D6CA87DB23E" box="[749,850,1357,1382]" collectionCode="BDR" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">BDR037</specimenCode>
,
<date id="FFA310091238A765FA556D6CA8D8B23E" box="[862,1015,1357,1382]" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" value="2013-05-31">
<collectingDate id="EFE7E9E11238A765FA556D6CA8D8B23E" box="[862,1015,1357,1382]" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" value="2013-05-31">31 May 2013</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30765421238A765F9CC6D50A824B006" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA236C91238A765F9CC6D50AF21B13A" blockId="30.[151,1437,1141,2030]" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">
<emphasis id="B969EADB1238A765F9CC6D50AA77B2D1" box="[199,344,1393,1418]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B969EADB1238A765F9CC6D50AA7EB2D2" bold="true" box="[199,337,1393,1418]" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">Description</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Vase shaped (
<figureCitation id="13262A4C1238A765F8F16D50A9AEB2D2" box="[506,641,1393,1418]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1936,1958]" captionTargetBox="[180,1392,363,1888]" captionTargetId="figure-102@29.[180,1392,363,1888]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 19. Neopetrosia eurystomata n. sp., a. holotype RMNH Por. 9239 in situ, b. paratype RMNH Por. 9242 in situ, c. holotype after collection, d. paratype RMNH Por. 9242, after collection, e. tangential view of ectosomal skeleton of holotype, f. cross section of peripheral skeleton of holotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4948977" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4948977/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">Figs. 19a–d</figureCitation>
), larger specimens with wide, flaring walls, some specimens may look similar to barrel sponges [
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D4A1238A765F8B66DB7A877B2F6" authority="(Schmidt, 1870)" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[445,856,1429,1454]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Xestospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="muta">
<emphasis id="B969EADB1238A765F8B66DB7A9BBB2F5" box="[445,660,1430,1453]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">Xestospongia muta</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C4B381238A765FBA86DB4A860B2F6" author="Schmidt, O." box="[675,847,1429,1454]" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" pagination="iii - iv" refId="ref25229" refString="Schmidt, O. (1870) Grundzuge einer Spongien-Fauna des atlantischen Gebietes. Engelmann, Leipzig, iii - iv, 88 pp." type="book chapter" year="1870">Schmidt, 1870</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
]. Size of largest specimen
<quantity id="4CE59B2C1238A765FD8F6DB4AFE6B2F5" box="[1156,1225,1429,1454]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" unit="cm" value="30.0">30 cm</quantity>
high,
<quantity id="4CE59B2C1238A765FC1A6DB4AE78B2F5" box="[1297,1367,1429,1454]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" unit="cm" value="18.0">18 cm</quantity>
wide, wall thickness
<quantity id="4CE59B2C1238A765F8356D98AA85B289" box="[318,426,1465,1490]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" unit="cm" value="1.75" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.5">1.5–2 cm</quantity>
. The preserved
<typeStatus id="54A6886B1238A765FB556D98A9EFB28A" box="[606,704,1465,1490]" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
consist of two fragments, one 4.5 x 2.5 x
<quantity id="4CE59B2C1238A765FD976D98AFF8B289" box="[1180,1239,1465,1490]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
, the other 3 x 2 x
<quantity id="4CE59B2C1238A765F99C6DFCABC8B2AD" box="[151,231,1501,1526]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" unit="cm" value="1.5">1.5 cm</quantity>
. The
<typeStatus id="54A6886B1238A765F82E6DFFAABFB2AE" box="[293,400,1502,1526]" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
consists of two (RMNH 9242) and one (RMNH 9250) fragments, each approximately 4 x 2 x
<quantity id="4CE59B2C1238A765F9A76E20ABC8B141" box="[172,231,1537,1562]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" unit="cm" value="2.0">2 cm</quantity>
. External color of live specimen is pink and white, inner color dark red or brownish (
<figureCitation id="13262A4C1238A765FD946E20AE2FB142" box="[1183,1280,1537,1562]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1044,1066]" captionTargetBox="[179,1408,193,1022]" captionTargetId="figure-428@30.[179,1408,193,1022]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 20. Neopetrosia eurystomata n. sp., a. fragment of paratype RMNH Por. 9250 after collection, b–c. SEM images of spicules of holotype RMNH 9239, b. larger oxea, b1. details of apex of larger oxea, c. smaller oxea." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4948979" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4948979/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">Fig. 20a</figureCitation>
). Consistency firm and crumbly, but slightly compressible. Surface (
<figureCitation id="13262A4C1238A765FBF26E04A877B166" box="[761,856,1573,1598]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1044,1066]" captionTargetBox="[179,1408,193,1022]" captionTargetId="figure-428@30.[179,1408,193,1022]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 20. Neopetrosia eurystomata n. sp., a. fragment of paratype RMNH Por. 9250 after collection, b–c. SEM images of spicules of holotype RMNH 9239, b. larger oxea, b1. details of apex of larger oxea, c. smaller oxea." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4948979" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4948979/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">Fig. 20a</figureCitation>
) with vague stellar sunken groups of pores on both the outer and the inner surface. Outer surface often infested with red zoanthids.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA236C91238A765F9CC6E4CA83BB1AA" blockId="30.[151,1437,1141,2030]" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">
<emphasis id="B969EADB1238A765F9CC6E4CAA1BB1DD" box="[199,308,1645,1670]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B969EADB1238A765F9CC6E4CAA02B1DE" bold="true" box="[199,301,1645,1670]" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">Skeleton</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
The surface skeleton (
<figureCitation id="13262A4C1238A765FB326E4CA9B7B1DE" box="[569,664,1645,1670]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1936,1958]" captionTargetBox="[180,1392,363,1888]" captionTargetId="figure-102@29.[180,1392,363,1888]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 19. Neopetrosia eurystomata n. sp., a. holotype RMNH Por. 9239 in situ, b. paratype RMNH Por. 9242 in situ, c. holotype after collection, d. paratype RMNH Por. 9242, after collection, e. tangential view of ectosomal skeleton of holotype, f. cross section of peripheral skeleton of holotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4948977" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4948977/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">Fig. 19e</figureCitation>
) is a vague tangential reticulation of single spicules or two or three aligned spicules. Underneath there are regularly distributed subdermal spaces of
<quantity id="4CE59B2C1238A765FD516EB0AFC0B1F2" box="[1114,1263,1681,1706]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" unit="mm" value="300.0" valueMax="400.0" valueMin="200.0">200–400 µm</quantity>
diameter. The choanosomal skeleton (
<figureCitation id="13262A4C1238A765F8946E94AAD5B196" box="[415,506,1717,1742]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1936,1958]" captionTargetBox="[180,1392,363,1888]" captionTargetId="figure-102@29.[180,1392,363,1888]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 19. Neopetrosia eurystomata n. sp., a. holotype RMNH Por. 9239 in situ, b. paratype RMNH Por. 9242 in situ, c. holotype after collection, d. paratype RMNH Por. 9242, after collection, e. tangential view of ectosomal skeleton of holotype, f. cross section of peripheral skeleton of holotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4948977" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4948977/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">Fig. 19f</figureCitation>
) is isotropic but with a superimposed anisotropic orientation as is typical for many
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D4A1238A765F99C6EFBAA51B1AA" box="[151,382,1753,1778]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Neopetrosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B969EADB1238A765F99C6EFBAA30B1A9" box="[151,287,1754,1777]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">Neopetrosia</emphasis>
species.
</taxonomicName>
There is little or no visible spongin.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA236C91238A765F9CC6EDCAAABB04E" blockId="30.[151,1437,1141,2030]" box="[199,388,1789,1814]" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">
<emphasis id="B969EADB1238A765F9CC6EDCAA1FB04D" box="[199,304,1789,1814]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B969EADB1238A765F9CC6EDCAA06B04E" bold="true" box="[199,297,1789,1814]" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">Spicules</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Oxeas.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA236C91238A765F9CC6F00A824B006" blockId="30.[151,1437,1141,2030]" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">
Oxeas (
<figureCitation id="13262A4C1238A765F8296F00AA8CB062" box="[290,419,1825,1850]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1044,1066]" captionTargetBox="[179,1408,193,1022]" captionTargetId="figure-428@30.[179,1408,193,1022]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 20. Neopetrosia eurystomata n. sp., a. fragment of paratype RMNH Por. 9250 after collection, b–c. SEM images of spicules of holotype RMNH 9239, b. larger oxea, b1. details of apex of larger oxea, c. smaller oxea." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4948979" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4948979/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">Fig. 20b–c</figureCitation>
), smooth, robust, sharply pointed, lightly curved, in a fairly large size range, but not divisible in size categories, 160–
<emphasis id="B969EADB1238A765FB0E6F64A900B006" box="[517,559,1861,1886]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">187</emphasis>
–200 x 5–
<emphasis id="B969EADB1238A765FB946F64A982B006" box="[671,685,1861,1886]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">9</emphasis>
–
<quantity id="4CE59B2C1238A765FBB76F64A828B006" box="[700,775,1861,1886]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 µm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30765421238A765F9CC6F48AAB7B0FE" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BA236C91238A765F9CC6F48AAB7B0FE" blockId="30.[151,1437,1141,2030]" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">
<emphasis id="B969EADB1238A765F9CC6F48AAD9B0D9" box="[199,502,1897,1922]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B969EADB1238A765F9CC6F48AAC0B0DA" bold="true" box="[199,495,1897,1922]" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">Ecology and distribution</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
In the mesophotic zone at or around the
<quantity id="4CE59B2C1238A765FAC86F48AF24B0D9" box="[963,1035,1897,1922]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</quantity>
mark, off the SW coast of
<collectingCountry id="F30A76591238A765FC376F48AEB7B0DA" box="[1340,1432,1897,1922]" name="Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">Bonaire</collectingCountry>
; at
<quantity id="4CE59B2C1238A765F9B96FACABD6B0FD" box="[178,249,1933,1958]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" unit="m" value="120.0">120 m</quantity>
off
<collectingCountry id="F30A76591238A765F82C6FACAABBB0FE" box="[295,404,1933,1958]" name="Barbados" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">Barbados</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30765421238A765F9CC6F90AAACB0B6" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BA236C91238A765F9CC6F90AAACB0B6" blockId="30.[151,1437,1141,2030]" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">
<emphasis id="B969EADB1238A765F9CC6F90AA62B091" box="[199,333,1969,1994]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B969EADB1238A765F9CC6F90AA69B092" bold="true" box="[199,326,1969,1994]" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">Etymology</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Eury- (Gr.) means wide, -stoma (G.) means mouth, referring to the wide, often flaring, opening of the vase-like sponge.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30765421239A764F9CC68B6AE14B5F0" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BA236C91239A764F9CC68B6A8F4B540" blockId="31.[151,1437,151,680]" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">
<emphasis id="B969EADB1239A764F9CC68B6AA14B7F7" box="[199,315,151,176]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B969EADB1239A764F9CC68B6AA1BB7E8" bold="true" box="[199,308,151,176]" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">Remarks</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
The species was reported by
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C4B381239A764FB8F68B9A8D7B7E8" author="Van Soest R. W. M. &amp; Stentoft, N." box="[644,1016,151,176]" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" pagination="1 - 175" refId="ref26529" refString="Van Soest R. W. M. &amp; Stentoft, N. (1988) Barbados deep-water Sponges. Studies on the Fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands, 70 (215), 1 - 175." type="journal article" year="1988">Van Soest &amp; Stentoft (1988: 132)</bibRefCitation>
as
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D4A1239A764FD1768B9AE16B7F7" authorityName="sensu Van Soest &amp; Stentoft" authorityYear="1988" box="[1052,1337,151,176]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Xestospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="proxima">
<emphasis id="B969EADB1239A764FD1768B9AF9CB7F7" box="[1052,1203,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">Xestospongia</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="B969EADB1239A764FDD668B9AE16B7F7" box="[1245,1337,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">proxima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. It is not the encrusting
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D4A1239A764F848689CA91DB78C" baseAuthorityName="Duchassaing &amp; Michelotti" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[323,562,189,212]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Neopetrosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="proxima">
<emphasis id="B969EADB1239A764F848689CA91DB78C" box="[323,562,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">Neopetrosia proxima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see above). At first glance it appears close to the common shallow-water sponge
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D4A1239A764F9E468C1AAE8B7A0" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[239,455,224,248]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Xestospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="muta">
<emphasis id="B969EADB1239A764F9E468C1AAE8B7A0" box="[239,455,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">Xestospongia muta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in habit. However, the spicules of our new species are definitely significantly shorter and thinner than those of
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D4A1239A764F8BE6924A923B644" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[437,524,261,284]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Xestospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="muta">
<emphasis id="B969EADB1239A764F8BE6924A923B644" box="[437,524,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">X. muta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C4B381239A764FB116925A829B645" author="Van Soest, R. W. M." box="[538,774,260,285]" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" pagination="1 - 173" refId="ref25856" refString="Van Soest, R. W. M. (1980) Marine sponges from Curacao and other Caribbean localities. Part II. Haplosclerida. Studies on the Fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands, 62 (191), 1 - 173." type="journal article" year="1980">Van Soest (1980: 68)</bibRefCitation>
compared spicule sizes of shallow-water populations of
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D4A1239A764FC8F6924ABE0B618" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="1870" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Xestospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="muta">
<emphasis id="B969EADB1239A764FC8F6924ABE0B618" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">X. muta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in several Greater Caribbean localities:
<collectingCountry id="F30A76591239A764FBA26906A829B618" box="[681,774,295,320]" name="Curaçao" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">Curaçao</collectingCountry>
specimens measured 360–345 x
<quantity id="4CE59B2C1239A764FD866906AE2BB618" box="[1165,1284,295,320]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" unit="mm" value="13.5" valueMax="16.0" valueMin="11.0">11–16 µm</quantity>
,
<collectingCountry id="F30A76591239A764FC186909AEB3B618" box="[1299,1436,295,320]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
specimens 303–412 x
<quantity id="4CE59B2C1239A764F89F696DA926B63C" box="[404,521,332,357]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" metricValueMax="2.3" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" unit="mm" value="18.5" valueMax="23.0" valueMin="14.0">14–23 µm</quantity>
, and
<collectingCountry id="F30A76591239A764FB4C696DA982B63D" box="[583,685,332,357]" name="Bahamas" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">Bahamas</collectingCountry>
specimens 290–430 x
<quantity id="4CE59B2C1239A764FABF696DAF1EB63C" box="[948,1073,332,357]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.75" metricValueMax="12.0" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" unit="mm" value="7.75" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="3.5">3.5–12 µm</quantity>
. The spicules of our deep-water specimens do not exceed
<quantity id="4CE59B2C1239A764F8BD694EA923B6D0" box="[438,524,367,392]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" unit="mm" value="200.0">200 µm</quantity>
in length. Although the shallow-water specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D4A1239A764FD556950AF9AB6D0" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[1118,1205,369,392]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Xestospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="muta">
<emphasis id="B969EADB1239A764FD556950AF9AB6D0" box="[1118,1205,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">X. muta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have predominantly oxea spicules, there is always a good proportion of strongyle forms. In the present deep-water material there are no strongyles, all spicules are sharply pointed oxeas. Finally, the skeletal structure of
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D4A1239A764FD546998AF95B688" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[1119,1210,441,464]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Xestospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="muta">
<emphasis id="B969EADB1239A764FD546998AF95B688" box="[1119,1210,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">X. muta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens is more loosely organized, and does not have the superimposed anistropic arrangement of spicules and meshes. No other
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D4A1239A764F99C6A21AA58B540" box="[151,375,511,536]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Neopetrosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B969EADB1239A764F99C6A21AA30B54F" box="[151,287,512,535]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">Neopetrosia</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
in the Central West Atlantic have a vase-shaped habit.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA236C91239A764F9CC6A05AE14B5F0" blockId="31.[151,1437,151,680]" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">
The niphatid
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D4A1239A764F86A6A05A814B565" authority="(Lamarck, 1814)" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1814" box="[353,827,548,573]" class="Demospongiae" family="Niphatidae" genus="Cribrochalina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vasculum">
<emphasis id="B969EADB1239A764F86A6A05A95BB565" box="[353,628,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">Cribrochalina vasculum</emphasis>
(Lamarck, 1814)
</taxonomicName>
shares the vase-shaped habit with
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D4A1239A764FDC56A04AE53B564" authority="Van Soest &amp; Meesters &amp; Becking, 2014" authorityName="Van Soest &amp; Meesters &amp; Becking" authorityYear="2014" box="[1230,1404,549,572]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Neopetrosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="eurystomata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B969EADB1239A764FDC56A04AE53B564" box="[1230,1404,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">N. eurystomata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B969EADB1239A764FC8E6A05AB97B538" bold="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25A57A01239A764FC8E6A05AB97B538" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, but it is different in color (brown) and the spicules include forms as small as
<quantity id="4CE59B2C1239A764FD2A6A66AF45B538" box="[1057,1130,583,608]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" unit="mm" value="50.0">50 µm</quantity>
and up to
<quantity id="4CE59B2C1239A764FDD46A66AE19B538" box="[1247,1334,583,608]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" unit="mm" value="300.0">300 µm</quantity>
or more. The skeleton is also radically different with an emphasis on ascending spicule tracts separated by large spaces in which only loose spicules occur, with few interconnecting tracts (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C4B381239A764FA786AAEAFA4B5F0" author="Wiedenmayer, F." box="[883,1163,655,680]" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" pagination="1 - 287" refId="ref26623" refString="Wiedenmayer, F. (1977) Shallow-water sponges of the western Bahamas. Experientia Supplementum, 28, 1 - 287. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 0348 - 5797 - 0" type="journal article" year="1977">Wiedenmayer 1977: 119</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C4B381239A764FD9C6AB1AE01B5F0" author="Zea, S." box="[1175,1326,655,680]" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" refId="ref26709" refString="Zea, S. (1987) Esponjas del Caribe Colombiano. Catalogo Cientifico, Bogota, Colombia, 286 pp." type="book" year="1987">Zea 1987: 91</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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