475 lines
69 KiB
XML
475 lines
69 KiB
XML
<document id="611B02F6AC9B9CF9DD1DFE5F5B919445" ID-CLB-Dataset="8319" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4926.1.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="40c8e7dd-468d-4115-8940-8f6e26319cec" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4500564" ID-ZooBank="49BEE762-97B0-4CD8-B942-7241EB220138" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1612421802497" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="O’Shea, Mark & Richards, Stephen J." docDate="2021" docId="03D687F7FFDB464CB9F8572AAB9E5F46" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4926.1.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4926 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Stegonotus aplini O’Shea & Richards 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="33" masterDocId="FFEFFF8FFFD94644B96F5661AA705E04" masterDocTitle="A striking new species of Papuan groundsnake (Stegonotus: Colubridae) from southern Papua New Guinea, with a dichotomous key to the genus in New Guinea" masterLastPageNumber="42" masterPageNumber="26" pageNumber="28" updateTime="1698926677807" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="5A870A4D246A78ED0FA7F54179A321B8">
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<mods:title id="B5D5350B56D62A892A24E952634E2BE6">A striking new species of Papuan groundsnake (Stegonotus: Colubridae) from southern Papua New Guinea, with a dichotomous key to the genus in New Guinea</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="6E71F5732CD9A1A6DDFE9B091986D8D7" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="818DEA1E2C7B0DC76F087738BAB354A2">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="8E960645538E24DC336BB2D1E2368C94">O’Shea, Mark</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B5325E40ACEC6001F2144DE68E51B87C">Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wulfruna Street, Wolverhampton, WV 1 1 LY, United Kingdom. Herpetology Department, South Australian Museum, North Terrace, Adelaide, S. A. 5000, Australia. Steve. Richards @ samuseum. sa. gov. au; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 0251 - 3884</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="A0526448A95385709E3A8DC8A5E3F27E">Richards, Stephen J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="8FEC25AF414C4CE134E89DE9B2D95F65" type="ORCID">0000-0002-0251-3884</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="9E55CFD1BF1C43F5EAC140994D16E043" type="email">ichards@samuseum.sa.gov.au</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="1F29D977FAA442777ACD15570E8FF53E">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="43B3D4C9CED551AB1600E361D608E91F">
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<mods:date id="E83BDA303C6164CFC070E8911502BD5E">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="D850F196339A9063729AE1A933E62335">2021-02-04</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="D73D6CAC872709E4EE09066862FBF37E">4926</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03D687F7FFDB464CB9F8572AAB9E5F46" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4531888" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177318310" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4531888" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D687F7FFDB464CB9F8572AAB9E5F46" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D687F7FFDB464CB9F8572AAB9E5F46" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">
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<subSubSection id="C365656AFFDB4646B9F8572AABBF5F61" box="[151,463,330,357]" pageId="2" pageNumber="28" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BC036E1FFDB4646B9F8572AABBF5F61" blockId="2.[151,1437,330,429]" box="[151,463,330,357]" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">
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<heading id="D088818DFFDB4646B9F8572AABBF5F61" bold="true" box="[151,463,330,357]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="28" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B90BEAF3FFDB4646B9F8572AABBF5F61" bold="true" box="[151,463,330,357]" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D62FFDB4646B9F8572AAB1A5F61" authority="O’Shea & Richards, 2021" authorityName="O’Shea & Richards" authorityYear="2021" box="[151,362,330,357]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Stegonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aplini" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B90BEAF3FFDB4646B9F8572AAB1A5F61" bold="true" box="[151,362,330,357]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">Stegonotus aplini</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2385788FFDB4646B81D572AABBF5F61" box="[370,463,331,357]" pageId="2" pageNumber="28" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C365656AFFDB4646B9F8570EA85D5FA9" pageId="2" pageNumber="28" type="description">
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:
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(
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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</uri>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<subSection id="E2F02F0AFFDB464CB9F857BBAB9E5F46" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="2" pageNumber="28" type="multiple">
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<subSubSection id="C365656AFFDB4646B9F857BBABED5FF0" box="[151,413,474,500]" pageId="2" pageNumber="28" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BC036E1FFDB4646B9F857BBABED5FF0" blockId="2.[151,420,474,537]" box="[151,413,474,500]" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">
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<heading id="D088818DFFDB4646B9F857BBABED5FF0" bold="true" box="[151,413,474,500]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="28" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B90BEAF3FFDB4646B9F857BBABED5FF0" bold="true" box="[151,413,474,500]" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">Purari Groundsnake</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C365656AFFDB4646B9F8579EABD45C1D" box="[151,420,511,537]" pageId="2" pageNumber="28" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BC036E1FFDB4646B9F8579EABD45C1D" blockId="2.[151,420,474,537]" box="[151,420,511,537]" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">
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<figureCitation id="13442A64FFDB4646B9F8579EAA935C1D" box="[151,227,511,537]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1848,1872]" captionTargetBox="[162,1424,179,1823]" captionTargetId="figure-19@4.[162,1424,179,1823]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Head scalation of the holotype of Stegonotus aplini sp. nov. (SAMA R71442) in dorsal (A–A’), right lateral (B–B’), left lateral (C–C’), and ventral (D–D’) views.Abbreviations includeAG (anterior genial), F (frontal), IN (internasal), IL (numbered infralabials), L (loreal), M (mental), N (nasal), P (parietal), PF (prefrontal), PG (posterior genial), PO (postocular), PR (preocular), R (rostral), SL (numbered supralabials), SO (supraocular) T (temporal), and V1 (1st ventral). Photos by M. O’Shea" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4500567" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4500567/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13442A64FFDB4646B99E579EAB715C1D" box="[241,257,511,537]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1928,1952]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1905]" captionTargetId="figure-27@5.[151,1435,181,1905]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Type series of Stegonotus aplini sp. nov. in dorsal and ventral views of the body. (A, B) SAMA R71442, holotype; (C, D) PNGNM R25332, paratype; (E, F) SAMA R71443, paratype; (G, H) AMS R.13302, paratype (images not to scale). Photos by M. O’Shea" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4500569" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4500569/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">2</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13442A64FFDB4646B862579EAB695C1D" box="[269,281,511,537]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1859,1883]" captionTargetBox="[187,1400,181,1834]" captionTargetId="figure-19@6.[187,1400,181,1834]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Temporal scale arrangements on the left and right sides of head in Stegonotus aplini sp. nov. and S. iridis. (A, B) SAMA R71442, S. aplini, holotype; (C, D) PNGNM R25223, S. aplini paratype; (E, F) SAMA R71443, S. aplini paratype; (G, H) AMS R.13302, S. aplini paratype; (I, J) MZB Ophi.3306, S. iridis holotype. Scales are bordered in red and coloured to facilitate comparisons, with dark grey denoting upper temporals and light grey lower temporals (figures not to scale). Photos by M. O’Shea" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4500571" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4500571/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">3</figureCitation>
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A–H, 4A–D
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C365656AFFDB4646B9F85426A9425D85" pageId="2" pageNumber="28" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BC036E1FFDB4646B9F85426AFFC5C81" blockId="2.[151,1437,582,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">
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<emphasis id="B90BEAF3FFDB4646B9F85426AB7B5C65" bold="true" box="[151,267,583,609]" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">
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<typeStatus id="54C48843FFDB4646B9F85426AB765C65" box="[151,262,583,609]" pageId="2" pageNumber="28" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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SAMA R71442 (field number SJR 15138), an adult male from ca.
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<quantity id="4C879B04FFDB4646BD7B5426AE2D5C65" box="[1044,1117,583,609]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="28" unit="km" value="12.0">12 km</quantity>
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NW of Orloli, Purari River basin,
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<collectingRegion id="49BBF803FFDB4646B98F540AABF15C81" box="[224,385,619,645]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Gulf" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">Gulf Province</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F3687671FFDB4646B8E3540AABB45C81" box="[396,452,619,645]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">PNG</collectingCountry>
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(
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<geoCoordinate id="EE4B5026FFDB4646B8BC540AA84F5C81" box="[467,575,619,645]" degrees="7.3126" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="28" precision="5" value="-7.3126">7.3126°S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE4B5026FFDB4646BB25540BA8A25C81" box="[586,722,618,645]" degrees="145.1378" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="28" precision="5" value="145.1378">145.1378°E</geoCoordinate>
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, elevation ca.
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<quantity id="4C879B04FFDB4646BA1D540AA9DE5C81" box="[882,942,619,645]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="28" unit="m" value="20.0">20 m</quantity>
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), collected by Ken Aplin on
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<date id="FFC11021FFDB4646BD80540AAFF85C81" box="[1263,1416,619,645]" pageId="2" pageNumber="28" value="2016-06-22">22 June 2016</date>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC036E1FFDB4646B9A854EEA9425D85" blockId="2.[151,1437,582,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">
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<emphasis id="B90BEAF3FFDB4646B9A854EEAB365CAD" bold="true" box="[199,326,655,681]" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">
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<typeStatus id="54C48843FFDB4646B9A854EEAB315CAD" box="[199,321,655,681]" pageId="2" pageNumber="28" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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||
.
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</emphasis>
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PNGNM R25322 (field number SJR 15115), an adult male from ca.
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<quantity id="4C879B04FFDB4646BD2654EEAEF25CAD" box="[1097,1154,655,681]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="28" unit="km" value="6.0">6 km</quantity>
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||
N of Orloli, Purari River basin,
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<collectingRegion id="49BBF803FFDB4646B98C54D2ABF55CC9" box="[227,389,691,717]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Gulf" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">Gulf Province</collectingRegion>
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||
,
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||
<collectingCountry id="F3687671FFDB4646B8FC54D2ABBB5CC9" box="[403,459,691,717]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">PNG</collectingCountry>
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(
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EE4B5026FFDB4646B8B254D3A8385CC9" box="[477,584,690,717]" degrees="7.3510" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="28" precision="5" value="-7.351">7.3510°S</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EE4B5026FFDB4646BB3954D3A8AF5CC9" box="[598,735,690,717]" degrees="145.1900" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="28" precision="5" value="145.19">145.1900°E</geoCoordinate>
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||
, elevation ca.
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||
<quantity id="4C879B04FFDB4646BAEA54D2A9B35CC9" box="[901,963,691,717]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="28" unit="m" value="30.0">30 m</quantity>
|
||
), collected by Ken Aplin on
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<date id="FFC11021FFDB4646BC7C54D2AAA35CF5" pageId="2" pageNumber="28" value="2016-02-11">11 February 2016</date>
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||
; SAMA R71443 (field number SJR 15330), an adult male from ca. 1.6 km NW Muro Mission, Purari River basin,
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||
<collectingRegion id="49BBF803FFDB4646B98F549AABF05D11" box="[224,384,763,789]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Gulf" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">Gulf Province</collectingRegion>
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||
,
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<collectingCountry id="F3687671FFDB4646B8E4549AABB35D11" box="[395,451,763,789]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">PNG</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE4B5026FFDB4646B8BE549AA84D5D11" box="[465,573,763,789]" degrees="7.7890" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="28" precision="5" value="-7.789">7.7890°S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE4B5026FFDB4646BB27549BA8A05D11" box="[584,720,762,789]" degrees="145.2660" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="28" precision="5" value="145.266">145.2660°E</geoCoordinate>
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, elevation ca.
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<quantity id="4C879B04FFDB4646BA01549BA9EB5D11" box="[878,923,762,789]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="28" unit="m" value="5.0">5 m</quantity>
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), collected by S. Richards and E. Nagombi on
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<date id="FFC11021FFDB4646B9F8557EAB5B5D3D" box="[151,299,799,825]" pageId="2" pageNumber="28" value="2016-07-12">12 July 2016</date>
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; AMS R.13302, an adult male from the Kereru Range on the Abede River,
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<collectingRegion id="49BBF803FFDB4646BD1E557EAF615D3D" box="[1137,1297,799,825]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Gulf" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">Gulf Province</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F3687671FFDB4646BC73557EAA985D59" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
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(ca.
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<geoCoordinate id="EE4B5026FFDB4646B84F5522ABFA5D59" box="[288,394,835,861]" degrees="7.0280" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="28" precision="5" value="-7.028">7.0280°S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE4B5026FFDB4646B8F95522A86E5D59" box="[406,542,835,861]" degrees="144.4226" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="28" precision="5" value="144.4226">144.4226°E</geoCoordinate>
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, elevation uncertain) by geologist J. P. de Verteuil, probably in 1947 (collection date unavailable but catalogue entry dated
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<date id="FFC11021FFDB4646BB195506A9555D85" box="[630,805,871,897]" pageId="2" pageNumber="28" value="1948-01-06">6 January 1948</date>
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).
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</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C365656AFFDB4646B9A855EAAACF5A31" pageId="2" pageNumber="28" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC036E1FFDB4646B9A855EAAACF5A31" blockId="2.[151,1437,582,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAF3FFDB4646B9A855EAAB3E5DA1" bold="true" box="[199,334,907,933]" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The species epithet is a patronym to honour Dr. Ken Aplin (1958–2019), in recognition of his immense contributions to New Guinean herpetology, and in gratitude for his friendship and selfless collaboration with the junior author over many years. Ken’s many experiences in Melanesia have added significantly to our knowledge of the region’s vertebrate fauna, both living and fossil, and his recent passing has created a void that will be hard to fill.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C365656AFFDB4646B9A8525FA8AB5B51" pageId="2" pageNumber="28" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC036E1FFDB4646B9A8525FA8AB5B51" blockId="2.[151,1437,582,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAF3FFDB4646B9A8525FAB325A5C" bold="true" box="[199,322,1086,1112]" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
A species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D62FFDB4646B8B6525EA8245A5D" box="[473,596,1087,1113]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Stegonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAF3FFDB4646B8B6525EA8245A5D" box="[473,596,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">Stegonotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that can be diagnosed from all congeners by the following combination of characters: dorsum of body immaculate snow-white anteriorly, with dark speckling that manifests as occasional brown-tipped scales by midbody and increases in frequency and density posteriorly; tail entirely dark brown with light pigment confined to lowest dorsal scale rows; venter and subcaudal scales off-white; head dorsally dark brown, contrasting with white anterior of the body, brown pigment extending posteriorly for 6–20 scales; dorsal scales rows 17-19-15 (75%) or 19-19-15 (25%), ventral scales 229–239, subcaudal scales 83–95, all divided; SL usually nine (75%), occasionally eight (25%), with SL4–SL5 contacting the orbit; and IL nine (75%), or eight (25%) with IL1–IL4 or IL1–IL5 contacting the anterior genials.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C365656AFFDB4647B9A8533FAB54580D" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="2" pageNumber="28" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC036E1FFDB4647B9A8533FAF525F1A" blockId="2.[151,1437,582,2013]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,150,2013]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAF3FFDB4646B9A8533FAB975B7D" bold="true" box="[199,487,1374,1401]" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">
|
||
Description of
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C48843FFDB4646B816533EAB925B7D" box="[377,482,1375,1401]" pageId="2" pageNumber="28" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13442A64FFDB4646B898533EA8315B7D" box="[503,577,1375,1401]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1848,1872]" captionTargetBox="[162,1424,179,1823]" captionTargetId="figure-19@4.[162,1424,179,1823]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Head scalation of the holotype of Stegonotus aplini sp. nov. (SAMA R71442) in dorsal (A–A’), right lateral (B–B’), left lateral (C–C’), and ventral (D–D’) views.Abbreviations includeAG (anterior genial), F (frontal), IN (internasal), IL (numbered infralabials), L (loreal), M (mental), N (nasal), P (parietal), PF (prefrontal), PG (posterior genial), PO (postocular), PR (preocular), R (rostral), SL (numbered supralabials), SO (supraocular) T (temporal), and V1 (1st ventral). Photos by M. O’Shea" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4500567" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4500567/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
A–D, 2A–B). An adult male, SVL =
|
||
<quantity id="4C879B04FFDB4646BA85533EAE285B7D" box="[1002,1112,1375,1401]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.087" pageId="2" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="1087.0">1087 mm</quantity>
|
||
, TL =
|
||
<quantity id="4C879B04FFDB4646BDCA533EAF755B7D" box="[1189,1285,1375,1401]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="2" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="290.0">290 mm</quantity>
|
||
, TTL =
|
||
<quantity id="4C879B04FFDB4646BC0B533EAAB65B99" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.377" pageId="2" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="1377.0">1377 mm</quantity>
|
||
; head distinct from neck, snout rounded in dorsal view, body arch-shaped in cross-section, tail moderately long (TL 21% of TTL). Dorsal scales in 17-19-15 rows; 229 ventrals, 89 paired subcaudals, and an entire cloacal plate; SC/(V+SC) ratio = 0.28. Rostral clearly visible when viewed from above, extending back to separate internasals for one-third their depth but not to a point level with the nostrils (shallow V condition;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B10FFDB4646BD51538EAF61580D" author="Kaiser, C. M. & O'Shea, M. & Kaiser, H." box="[1086,1297,1519,1545]" pageId="2" pageNumber="28" pagination="201 - 230" refId="ref10666" refString="Kaiser, C. M., O'Shea, M. & Kaiser, H. (2019) A new species of Indo-Papuan groundsnake, genus Stegonotus Dumeril et al., 1854 (Serpentes, Colubridae), from the Bird's Head Peninsula of West Papua, Indonesia, with comments on differentiating morphological characters. Zootaxa, 4590, (2), 201 - 230. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4590.2.1" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Kaiser
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAF3FFDB4646BDE1538EAEB6580D" box="[1166,1222,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Internasals paired, in broad contact behind rostral. Prefrontals also in broad contact, twice as long and 1.3 times as wide as internasals, extending laterally onto head to contact preoculars, loreal and nasal. Frontal shield-shaped, as broad as long. Supraoculars much broader posteriorly than anteriorly. Parietals twice as long as wide. Nasal almost split by large naris, almost reaching first supralabial. Loreal rectangular, 1.5 times as long as high. Two preoculars, lower largest, nearly equal in length to loreal. Two postoculars, upper larger. Nine supralabials, SL4–SL
|
||
<quantity id="4C879B04FFDB4646BD8D50C3AF7B58B9" box="[1250,1291,1698,1725]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.27" pageId="2" pageNumber="28" unit="in" value="5.0">5 in</quantity>
|
||
contact with orbit, SL6–SL7 largest, SL5–SL6 contacting lower postocular. Two elongate temporals on left side (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13442A64FFDB4646BC6550A6AF2558E5" box="[1290,1365,1735,1761]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1848,1872]" captionTargetBox="[162,1424,179,1823]" captionTargetId="figure-19@4.[162,1424,179,1823]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Head scalation of the holotype of Stegonotus aplini sp. nov. (SAMA R71442) in dorsal (A–A’), right lateral (B–B’), left lateral (C–C’), and ventral (D–D’) views.Abbreviations includeAG (anterior genial), F (frontal), IN (internasal), IL (numbered infralabials), L (loreal), M (mental), N (nasal), P (parietal), PF (prefrontal), PG (posterior genial), PO (postocular), PR (preocular), R (rostral), SL (numbered supralabials), SO (supraocular) T (temporal), and V1 (1st ventral). Photos by M. O’Shea" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4500567" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4500567/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
C–C’, 3A), whose length when combined equals length of left parietal; upper anterior temporal contacting both postoculars, broadly bordered below by a pair of lower anterior temporals and the first of two lower posterior temporals; upper posterior temporal bordered below by two lower posterior temporals. Two elongate temporals on right side (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13442A64FFDB4646B9F05136AA985975" box="[159,232,1879,1905]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1848,1872]" captionTargetBox="[162,1424,179,1823]" captionTargetId="figure-19@4.[162,1424,179,1823]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Head scalation of the holotype of Stegonotus aplini sp. nov. (SAMA R71442) in dorsal (A–A’), right lateral (B–B’), left lateral (C–C’), and ventral (D–D’) views.Abbreviations includeAG (anterior genial), F (frontal), IN (internasal), IL (numbered infralabials), L (loreal), M (mental), N (nasal), P (parietal), PF (prefrontal), PG (posterior genial), PO (postocular), PR (preocular), R (rostral), SL (numbered supralabials), SO (supraocular) T (temporal), and V1 (1st ventral). Photos by M. O’Shea" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4500567" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4500567/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
B–B’, 3B), whose length when combined equals length of right parietal; upper anterior temporal contacting both postoculars, broadly bordered below by a pair of lower anterior temporals and the first of three lower posterior temporals; upper posterior temporal bordered below by three lower posterior temporals. Infralabials nine on left side, eight on right side, with IL1–IL5 on left side and IL1–IL4 on right side in contact with the anterior genials, due to division of IL3 on the left side, and IL5–IL6 and IL4–IL5, respectively, contacting posterior genials. Mental relatively small, triangular, followed by enlarged paired IL1, which exhibit broad contact at midline. Anterior genials large and separated by mental groove, posterior genials smaller than anterior genials, also separated by the continuing mental groove. Three to four alternating chin scales separate genials from first gastrostege (ventral).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC036E1FFDA4647B9A85747A9625C39" blockId="3.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAF3FFDA4647B9A85747AB4F5F44" bold="true" box="[199,319,294,320]" pageId="3" pageNumber="29">Variation.</emphasis>
|
||
All three
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C48843FFDA4647B8C25746A8665F45" box="[429,534,295,321]" pageId="3" pageNumber="29" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13442A64FFDA4647BB4B5746A81F5F45" box="[548,623,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1928,1952]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1905]" captionTargetId="figure-27@5.[151,1435,181,1905]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Type series of Stegonotus aplini sp. nov. in dorsal and ventral views of the body. (A, B) SAMA R71442, holotype; (C, D) PNGNM R25332, paratype; (E, F) SAMA R71443, paratype; (G, H) AMS R.13302, paratype (images not to scale). Photos by M. O’Shea" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4500569" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4500569/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="29">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
C–H) are adult males with the following measurements: PNGNM R25322 with
|
||
<quantity id="4C879B04FFDA4647B9A2572AAB455F61" box="[205,309,331,357]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.09" pageId="3" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="1090.0">1090 mm</quantity>
|
||
SVL +
|
||
<quantity id="4C879B04FFDA4647B8E7572BAB925F61" box="[392,482,330,357]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.85" pageId="3" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="285.0">285 mm</quantity>
|
||
TL =
|
||
<quantity id="4C879B04FFDA4647BB4D572BA8F95F61" box="[546,649,330,357]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.375" pageId="3" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="1375.0">1375 mm</quantity>
|
||
TTL, TL = 20.7% of TTL; SAMA R71443 with
|
||
<quantity id="4C879B04FFDA4647BDF9572BAE9F5F61" box="[1174,1263,330,357]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.55" pageId="3" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="855.0">855 mm</quantity>
|
||
SVL +
|
||
<quantity id="4C879B04FFDA4647BC2D572AAFEC5F61" box="[1346,1436,331,357]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.96" pageId="3" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="196.0">196 mm</quantity>
|
||
TL =
|
||
<quantity id="4C879B04FFDA4647B9BA570FAB4E5F8D" box="[213,318,366,393]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.051" pageId="3" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="1051.0">1051 mm</quantity>
|
||
TTL, TL = 18.7% of TTL; AMS R.13302 with
|
||
<quantity id="4C879B04FFDA4647BA24570EA9C25F8D" box="[843,946,367,393]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.18" pageId="3" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="1180.0">1180 mm</quantity>
|
||
SVL with a truncated tail. PNGNM R25322 and SAMA R71443 exhibit dorsal scales in 17-19-15 rows while AMS R.13302 has a dorsal scale count of 19-19-15. Ventrals and subcaudals are, respectively, 231 and 83 (SCR = 0.26) in PNGNM R25322, 232 and 95 (SCR = 0.29) in SAMA R71443, and AMS R.13302 possesses 239 ventrals but the tail is truncated at 59 subcaudals. All three specimens have nine supralabials on either side, with SL4–SL5 contacting the eye, and nine infralabials on either side, with either IL1–IL4 or IL1–IL5 contacting the anterior genials.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC036E1FFDA4647B9A85426AF305A15" blockId="3.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="29">
|
||
There is some variation in the temporal scale arrangements in the four specimens. In the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C48843FFDA4647BDE45426AE9B5C65" box="[1163,1259,583,609]" pageId="3" pageNumber="29" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
the anterior and posterior upper temporals are distinct and separate, elongate scales, with the posterior scale slightly the larger (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13442A64FFDA4647BC0A540AAAD35CAD" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1859,1883]" captionTargetBox="[187,1400,181,1834]" captionTargetId="figure-19@6.[187,1400,181,1834]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Temporal scale arrangements on the left and right sides of head in Stegonotus aplini sp. nov. and S. iridis. (A, B) SAMA R71442, S. aplini, holotype; (C, D) PNGNM R25223, S. aplini paratype; (E, F) SAMA R71443, S. aplini paratype; (G, H) AMS R.13302, S. aplini paratype; (I, J) MZB Ophi.3306, S. iridis holotype. Scales are bordered in red and coloured to facilitate comparisons, with dark grey denoting upper temporals and light grey lower temporals (figures not to scale). Photos by M. O’Shea" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4500571" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4500571/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="29">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
A–B). The same state exists in the three
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C48843FFDA4647BB0B54EEA8BD5CAD" box="[612,717,655,681]" pageId="3" pageNumber="29" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
but with some variation including fusion of these two scales into a single elongate upper temporal scale on the right side in PNGNM R25322 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13442A64FFDA4647BA8454D2AE335CC9" box="[1003,1091,691,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1859,1883]" captionTargetBox="[187,1400,181,1834]" captionTargetId="figure-19@6.[187,1400,181,1834]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Temporal scale arrangements on the left and right sides of head in Stegonotus aplini sp. nov. and S. iridis. (A, B) SAMA R71442, S. aplini, holotype; (C, D) PNGNM R25223, S. aplini paratype; (E, F) SAMA R71443, S. aplini paratype; (G, H) AMS R.13302, S. aplini paratype; (I, J) MZB Ophi.3306, S. iridis holotype. Scales are bordered in red and coloured to facilitate comparisons, with dark grey denoting upper temporals and light grey lower temporals (figures not to scale). Photos by M. O’Shea" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4500571" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4500571/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="29">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
|
||
), and on the left side in SAMA R71443 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13442A64FFDA4647B99354B6AB3F5CF5" box="[252,335,727,753]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1859,1883]" captionTargetBox="[187,1400,181,1834]" captionTargetId="figure-19@6.[187,1400,181,1834]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Temporal scale arrangements on the left and right sides of head in Stegonotus aplini sp. nov. and S. iridis. (A, B) SAMA R71442, S. aplini, holotype; (C, D) PNGNM R25223, S. aplini paratype; (E, F) SAMA R71443, S. aplini paratype; (G, H) AMS R.13302, S. aplini paratype; (I, J) MZB Ophi.3306, S. iridis holotype. Scales are bordered in red and coloured to facilitate comparisons, with dark grey denoting upper temporals and light grey lower temporals (figures not to scale). Photos by M. O’Shea" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4500571" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4500571/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="29">Fig. 3E</figureCitation>
|
||
). In AMS R.13302 the anterior upper temporal on the right side is almost twice the length of the posterior upper temporal (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13442A64FFDA4647B816549AABBF5D11" box="[377,463,763,789]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1859,1883]" captionTargetBox="[187,1400,181,1834]" captionTargetId="figure-19@6.[187,1400,181,1834]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Temporal scale arrangements on the left and right sides of head in Stegonotus aplini sp. nov. and S. iridis. (A, B) SAMA R71442, S. aplini, holotype; (C, D) PNGNM R25223, S. aplini paratype; (E, F) SAMA R71443, S. aplini paratype; (G, H) AMS R.13302, S. aplini paratype; (I, J) MZB Ophi.3306, S. iridis holotype. Scales are bordered in red and coloured to facilitate comparisons, with dark grey denoting upper temporals and light grey lower temporals (figures not to scale). Photos by M. O’Shea" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4500571" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4500571/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="29">Fig. 3H</figureCitation>
|
||
), the reverse of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C48843FFDA4647BBCB549AA9745D11" box="[676,772,763,789]" pageId="3" pageNumber="29" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
condition, while the upper posterior temporal on the left side is divided into two scales (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13442A64FFDA4647B8D3557EA8635D3D" box="[444,531,799,825]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1859,1883]" captionTargetBox="[187,1400,181,1834]" captionTargetId="figure-19@6.[187,1400,181,1834]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Temporal scale arrangements on the left and right sides of head in Stegonotus aplini sp. nov. and S. iridis. (A, B) SAMA R71442, S. aplini, holotype; (C, D) PNGNM R25223, S. aplini paratype; (E, F) SAMA R71443, S. aplini paratype; (G, H) AMS R.13302, S. aplini paratype; (I, J) MZB Ophi.3306, S. iridis holotype. Scales are bordered in red and coloured to facilitate comparisons, with dark grey denoting upper temporals and light grey lower temporals (figures not to scale). Photos by M. O’Shea" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4500571" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4500571/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="29">Fig. 3G</figureCitation>
|
||
). The lower temporal row of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C48843FFDA4647BA10557EA9AF5D3D" box="[895,991,799,825]" pageId="3" pageNumber="29" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
contains four scales on the left side, and five scales on the right side (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13442A64FFDA4647B8A75522A8625D59" box="[456,530,835,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1859,1883]" captionTargetBox="[187,1400,181,1834]" captionTargetId="figure-19@6.[187,1400,181,1834]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Temporal scale arrangements on the left and right sides of head in Stegonotus aplini sp. nov. and S. iridis. (A, B) SAMA R71442, S. aplini, holotype; (C, D) PNGNM R25223, S. aplini paratype; (E, F) SAMA R71443, S. aplini paratype; (G, H) AMS R.13302, S. aplini paratype; (I, J) MZB Ophi.3306, S. iridis holotype. Scales are bordered in red and coloured to facilitate comparisons, with dark grey denoting upper temporals and light grey lower temporals (figures not to scale). Photos by M. O’Shea" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4500571" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4500571/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="29">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
A-B). All three
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C48843FFDA4647BBD55522A9535D59" box="[698,803,835,861]" pageId="3" pageNumber="29" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
also exhibit either four or five scales in the lower temporal row, except PNGNM R25322 which possesses only two lower anterior temporals on the right side, the posterior-most of which comprises two scales fused to form a dumbbell shaped scale (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13442A64FFDA4647BAF855EAA99E5DA1" box="[919,1006,907,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1859,1883]" captionTargetBox="[187,1400,181,1834]" captionTargetId="figure-19@6.[187,1400,181,1834]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Temporal scale arrangements on the left and right sides of head in Stegonotus aplini sp. nov. and S. iridis. (A, B) SAMA R71442, S. aplini, holotype; (C, D) PNGNM R25223, S. aplini paratype; (E, F) SAMA R71443, S. aplini paratype; (G, H) AMS R.13302, S. aplini paratype; (I, J) MZB Ophi.3306, S. iridis holotype. Scales are bordered in red and coloured to facilitate comparisons, with dark grey denoting upper temporals and light grey lower temporals (figures not to scale). Photos by M. O’Shea" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4500571" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4500571/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="29">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
|
||
). The temporal arrangement in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D62FFDA4647BC2D55EAAFEC5DA1" authorityName="O’Shea & Richards" authorityYear="2021" box="[1346,1436,907,933]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Stegonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aplini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAF3FFDA4647BC2D55EAAFEC5DA1" box="[1346,1436,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="29">S. aplini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
therefore comprises an elongate upper anterior temporal that may or may not be fused with the upper posterior temporal. When the upper anterior and posterior temporals are separate the anterior temporal is in contact with three lower temporals, when it is fused with the upper posterior temporal it is contacted by three or four lower temporals.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC036E1FFDA4647B9A8527BAE3D5B09" blockId="3.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAF3FFDA4647B9A8527BABDB5A30" bold="true" box="[199,427,1050,1076]" pageId="3" pageNumber="29">Colouration in life.</emphasis>
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C48843FFDA4647B88B527AA8345A31" box="[484,580,1051,1077]" pageId="3" pageNumber="29" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and two
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C48843FFDA4647BBC4527AA9645A31" box="[683,788,1051,1077]" pageId="3" pageNumber="29" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
were dorsally snow-white on the anterior and midbody regions, with infusions of black or very dark brown spots increasing in frequency from the midbody to posterior body. The dark pigment appears first on the posterior margins of the dorsal scales, gradually extending into the centres of each scale until by the tail the dorsum is primarily dark above, albeit still with large areas of white laterally. The venter is also immaculate white, with no dark pigmentation even posteriorly. The head is mid-brown dorsally, fading to light brown on the side of the head and on the neck. Although the colour in life of AMS R.13302 is unknown, its similarity in preservative to the remainder of the type series suggests a similar colouration in life.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC036E1FFDA4647B9A85377AB54580D" blockId="3.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAF3FFDA4647B9A85377A86C5B34" bold="true" box="[199,540,1302,1328]" pageId="3" pageNumber="29">Colouration in preservative.</emphasis>
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C48843FFDA4647BB315376A8CE5B35" box="[606,702,1303,1329]" pageId="3" pageNumber="29" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(SAMA R71442) is creamy-white anterior-dorsally, contrasting strongly with the dark brown dorsum of the head and neck. A few scattered dark brown spots are present on this pale background by midbody, from where they rapidly increase in frequency until the posterior body is dorsally reticulate, dark brown and white, and the dorsum of the tail is almost entirely brown, although white pigment persists on the lower dorsal scale rows. The venter is near-immaculate off-white to yellow throughout. The patterning of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C48843FFDA4647BC7653C6AFF25BC5" box="[1305,1410,1447,1473]" pageId="3" pageNumber="29" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
is almost identical, although the head of AMS R.13302 is much paler brown possibly reflecting a much longer period in preservative.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C365656AFFDA4643B9A85073A9035FA9" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="3" pageNumber="29" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC036E1FFDA4643B9A85073A9035FA9" blockId="3.[151,1437,150,2013]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1443,151,429]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="3" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAF3FFDA4647B9A85073A8325828" bold="true" box="[199,578,1554,1581]" pageId="3" pageNumber="29">Comparison with other species.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D62FFDA4647BB255072A97F5829" authorityName="O’Shea & Richards" authorityYear="2021" box="[586,783,1555,1581]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Stegonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aplini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAF3FFDA4647BB255072A97F5829" box="[586,783,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="29">Stegonotus aplini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a striking snake that can be immediately distinguished from all congeners with the exception of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D62FFDA4647BB0B5056A8CB5855" box="[612,699,1591,1617]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Stegonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="iridis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAF3FFDA4647BB0B5056A8CB5855" box="[612,699,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="29">S. iridis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its colouration: at least the anterior third of the dorsal surfaces is snowy-white. All other congeners are unicolour grey, brown, or even black (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D62FFDA4647BD7E503AAF445872" authority="Inger, 1967" authorityName="Inger" authorityYear="1967" box="[1041,1332,1627,1654]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Stegonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borneensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAF3FFDA4647BD7E503AAED75871" box="[1041,1191,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="29">S. borneensis</emphasis>
|
||
Inger, 1967
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), or have white, yellow, pink or orange-red upward-pointing triangles anteriorly with a distinctly pale head laterally (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D62FFDA4647BC3D501EAA8358B8" baseAuthorityName="Gunther" baseAuthorityYear="1865" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Stegonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="batjanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAF3FFDA4647BC3D501EAA8358B8" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="29">S. batjanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), or a reticulated pattern across the dorsum (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D62FFDA4647BB8950C2A90858B9" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[742,888,1699,1725]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Stegonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="reticulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAF3FFDA4647BB8950C2A90858B9" box="[742,888,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="29">S. reticulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Our new taxon most closely resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D62FFDA4647BC2A50C2AFEC58B9" box="[1349,1436,1699,1725]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Stegonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="iridis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAF3FFDA4647BC2A50C2AFEC58B9" box="[1349,1436,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="29">S. iridis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Raja Ampat Archipelago (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13442A64FFDA4647BB4250A6A80458E5" box="[557,628,1735,1761]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1749,1773]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,458,1717]" captionTargetId="figure-171@7.[151,1436,453,1726]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Colour in life of Stegonotus aplini sp. nov. (A–D) and S. iridis (E–F). (A) SAMA R71442, holotype; (B) PNGNM R25322, paratype; (C, D) SAMA R71443, paratype; and S. iridis (E) MZB Ophi.3305 (Waigeo); and (F) SAMA R70466 (Batanta), both paratypes. Photos by S. Richards" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4500575" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4500575/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="29">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
), but the two species can be distinguished by the following characters (characters of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D62FFDA4647B858508AABE55901" authorityName="O’Shea & Richards" authorityYear="2021" box="[311,405,1771,1797]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Stegonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aplini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAF3FFDA4647B858508AABE55901" box="[311,405,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="29">S. aplini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in parentheses): 17-19-15, 71%, or 17-17-15, 29%, dorsal scale rows (17-19-15 rows, 75%, or 19-19-15 rows, 25%); ventrals 198–211 (229–239); subcaudals 78–88 (83–95); SCR 0.28–0.31 (0.26–0.29); supralabials usually eight (86%), occasionally nine (14%) (usually nine, 75%, occasionally eight, 25%); infrabials ten, with IL1–IL5 contacting the anterior genials (usually nine, 75%, or eight, 25%, with IL1–IL4 or IL1–IL5 contacting anterior genials). The temporal scale arrangement of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D62FFDA4647BA02511AA9BB5991" authorityName="O’Shea & Richards" authorityYear="2021" box="[877,971,1915,1941]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Stegonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aplini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAF3FFDA4647BA02511AA9BB5991" box="[877,971,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="29">S. aplini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13442A64FFDA4647BAB4511AAE585991" box="[987,1064,1915,1941]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1859,1883]" captionTargetBox="[187,1400,181,1834]" captionTargetId="figure-19@6.[187,1400,181,1834]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Temporal scale arrangements on the left and right sides of head in Stegonotus aplini sp. nov. and S. iridis. (A, B) SAMA R71442, S. aplini, holotype; (C, D) PNGNM R25223, S. aplini paratype; (E, F) SAMA R71443, S. aplini paratype; (G, H) AMS R.13302, S. aplini paratype; (I, J) MZB Ophi.3306, S. iridis holotype. Scales are bordered in red and coloured to facilitate comparisons, with dark grey denoting upper temporals and light grey lower temporals (figures not to scale). Photos by M. O’Shea" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4500571" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4500571/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="29">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
A–H) also differs from that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D62FFDA4647BCE8511AAAA259BD" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Stegonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="iridis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAF3FFDA4647BCE8511AAAA259BD" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="29">S. iridis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13442A64FFDA4647B98E51FEAB5C59BD" box="[225,300,1951,1977]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1859,1883]" captionTargetBox="[187,1400,181,1834]" captionTargetId="figure-19@6.[187,1400,181,1834]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Temporal scale arrangements on the left and right sides of head in Stegonotus aplini sp. nov. and S. iridis. (A, B) SAMA R71442, S. aplini, holotype; (C, D) PNGNM R25223, S. aplini paratype; (E, F) SAMA R71443, S. aplini paratype; (G, H) AMS R.13302, S. aplini paratype; (I, J) MZB Ophi.3306, S. iridis holotype. Scales are bordered in red and coloured to facilitate comparisons, with dark grey denoting upper temporals and light grey lower temporals (figures not to scale). Photos by M. O’Shea" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4500571" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4500571/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="29">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
I–J). Both species exhibit elongate upper anterior and posterior temporals and whilst both species may occasionally exhibit fragmentation of these scales to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D62FFDA4647BB8B51A2A92959D9" box="[740,857,1987,2013]" form="three" pageId="3" pageNumber="29" rank="form">form three</taxonomicName>
|
||
upper temporals, fusion of these scales into a single elongate upper temporal, extending the entire length of the parietals, has only been observed in two of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D62FFDE4643BC5056F6AFEC5EB5" authorityName="O’Shea & Richards" authorityYear="2021" box="[1343,1436,151,177]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Stegonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aplini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAF3FFDE4643BC5056F6AFEC5EB5" box="[1343,1436,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="33">S. aplini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C48843FFDE4643B9F856DAAB725ED1" box="[151,258,187,213]" pageId="7" pageNumber="33" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
(PNGNM R25322; SAMA R71443). The lower anterior temporal in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D62FFDE4643BD6B56DAAE2A5ED1" box="[1028,1114,187,213]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Stegonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="iridis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAF3FFDE4643BD6B56DAAE2A5ED1" box="[1028,1114,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="33">S. iridis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is elongate, resulting in only two lower temporals contacting the upper anterior temporal, while three, occasionally four, squarish lower temporals contact the upper anterior temporal in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D62FFDE4643BBF95762A8845F19" authorityName="O’Shea & Richards" authorityYear="2021" box="[662,756,259,285]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Stegonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aplini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAF3FFDE4643BBF95762A8845F19" box="[662,756,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="33">S. aplini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D62FFDE4643BA6B5762A9B15F19" box="[772,961,259,285]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Stegonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="iridis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAF3FFDE4643BA6B5762A9B15F19" box="[772,961,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="33">Stegonotus iridis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also appears to be a smaller species, with males not known to exceed
|
||
<quantity id="4C879B04FFDE4643B8A05747A85C5F45" box="[463,556,294,321]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.45" pageId="7" pageNumber="33" unit="mm" value="845.0">845 mm</quantity>
|
||
SVL (three of the four known males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D62FFDE4643BA835746AE385F45" authorityName="O’Shea & Richards" authorityYear="2021" box="[1004,1096,295,321]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Stegonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aplini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAF3FFDE4643BA835746AE385F45" box="[1004,1096,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="33">S. aplini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
exceed
|
||
<quantity id="4C879B04FFDE4643BDCB5746AF7F5F45" box="[1188,1295,295,321]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="33" unit="mm" value="1000.0">1000 mm</quantity>
|
||
SVL). A list of the major features of scalation that distinguish these two species is presented in
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6FD035AFFDE4643BD58572AAEFA5F61" box="[1079,1162,331,357]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="8.[151,239,1366,1390]" captionText="TABLE 1. Meristic differences between S. aplini and S. iridis; for differences in temporal scale arrangement see Fig. 3. N = sample size." pageId="7" pageNumber="33">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
, and a dichotomous key to the fourteen species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D62FFDE4643B8DB570EA85F5F8D" box="[436,559,367,393]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Stegonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAF3FFDE4643B8DB570EA85F5F8D" box="[436,559,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="33">Stegonotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
currently recognised on New
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3687671FFDE4643BA11570EA9BF5F8D" box="[894,975,367,393]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="7" pageNumber="33">Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
and two additional species from adjacent areas that may occur in southern New
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3687671FFDE4643BB2A57F2A8E95FA9" box="[581,665,403,429]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="7" pageNumber="33">Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
, is provided below.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF006669FFDD4640B9F85159AF7159B9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4500567" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4500567" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4500567/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="30" startId="4.[151,250,1848,1872]" targetBox="[162,1424,179,1823]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC036E1FFDD4640B9F85159AF7159B9" blockId="4.[151,1436,1848,1981]" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAF3FFDD4640B9F85159AB645954" bold="true" box="[151,276,1848,1872]" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Head scalation of the holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D62FFDD4640BB045158A9685955" authority="O’Shea & Richards, 2021" authorityName="O’Shea & Richards" authorityYear="2021" box="[619,792,1849,1873]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Stegonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aplini" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAF3FFDD4640BB045158A9685955" box="[619,792,1849,1873]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">Stegonotus aplini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAF3FFDD4640BA705158A91E5955" bold="true" box="[799,878,1849,1873]" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2385788FFDD4640BA705158A91E5955" box="[799,878,1849,1873]" pageId="4" pageNumber="30" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(SAMA R71442) in dorsal (A–A’), right lateral (B–B’), left lateral (C–C’), and ventral (D–D’) views. Abbreviations include AG (anterior genial), F (frontal), IN (internasal), IL (numbered infralabials), L (loreal), M (mental), N (nasal), P (parietal), PF (prefrontal), PG (posterior genial), PO (postocular), PR (preocular), R (rostral), SL (numbered supralabials), SO (supraocular) T (temporal), and V1 (1
|
||
<superScript id="7C0A9BA9FFDD4640BAAC51C5A9BD59B6" attach="left" box="[963,973,1956,1970]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">st</superScript>
|
||
ventral). Photos by M. O’Shea
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF006669FFDC4641B9F851E9AB0159EC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4500569" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4500569" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4500569/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="31" startId="5.[151,250,1928,1952]" targetBox="[151,1435,181,1905]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC036E1FFDC4641B9F851E9AB0159EC" blockId="5.[151,1437,1928,2024]" pageId="5" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAF3FFDC4641B9F851E9AB6359A4" bold="true" box="[151,275,1928,1952]" pageId="5" pageNumber="31">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Type series of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D62FFDC4641B8C351E8A82C59A4" authority="O’Shea & Richards, 2021" authorityName="O’Shea & Richards" authorityYear="2021" box="[428,604,1928,1952]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Stegonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aplini" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAF3FFDC4641B8C351E8A82C59A4" box="[428,604,1928,1952]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="31">Stegonotus aplini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAF3FFDC4641BB0D51E8A8C259A5" bold="true" box="[610,690,1929,1953]" pageId="5" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2385788FFDC4641BB0D51E8A8C259A5" box="[610,690,1929,1953]" pageId="5" pageNumber="31" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
in dorsal and ventral views of the body. (A, B) SAMA R71442, holotype; (C, D) PNGNM R25332, paratype; (E, F) SAMA R71443, paratype; (G, H) AMS R.13302, paratype (images not to scale). Photos by M. O’Shea
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF006669FFDF4642B9F85122AB5659EF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4500571" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4500571" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4500571/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="32" startId="6.[151,250,1859,1883]" targetBox="[187,1400,181,1834]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC036E1FFDF4642B9F85122AB5659EF" blockId="6.[151,1437,1859,2027]" pageId="6" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAF3FFDF4642B9F85122AB65595F" bold="true" box="[151,277,1859,1883]" pageId="6" pageNumber="32">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Temporal scale arrangements on the left and right sides of head in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D62FFDF4642BAB75122AEFA595F" authority="O’Shea & Richards, 2021" authorityName="O’Shea & Richards" authorityYear="2021" box="[984,1162,1859,1883]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Stegonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aplini" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAF3FFDF4642BAB75122AEFA595F" box="[984,1162,1859,1883]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="32">Stegonotus aplini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAF3FFDF4642BDFC5122AE96595F" bold="true" box="[1171,1254,1859,1883]" pageId="6" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2385788FFDF4642BDFC5122AE96595F" box="[1171,1254,1859,1883]" pageId="6" pageNumber="32" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D62FFDF4642BC745122AF1C595F" box="[1307,1388,1859,1883]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Stegonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="iridis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAF3FFDF4642BC745122AF1C595F" box="[1307,1388,1859,1883]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="32">S. iridis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. (A, B) SAMA R71442,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D62FFDF4642B80C5106ABC8597B" authorityName="O’Shea & Richards" authorityYear="2021" box="[355,440,1895,1919]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Stegonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aplini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAF3FFDF4642B80C5106ABC8597B" box="[355,440,1895,1919]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="32">S. aplini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, holotype; (C, D) PNGNM R25223,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D62FFDF4642BA5C5106A9F8597B" authorityName="O’Shea & Richards" authorityYear="2021" box="[819,904,1895,1919]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Stegonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aplini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAF3FFDF4642BA5C5106A9F8597B" box="[819,904,1895,1919]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="32">S. aplini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
paratype; (E, F) SAMA R71443,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D62FFDF4642BD8D5106AF47597B" authorityName="O’Shea & Richards" authorityYear="2021" box="[1250,1335,1895,1919]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Stegonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aplini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAF3FFDF4642BD8D5106AF47597B" box="[1250,1335,1895,1919]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="32">S. aplini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
paratype; (G, H) AMS R.13302,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D62FFDF4642B8EE51EAABA659A7" authorityName="O’Shea & Richards" authorityYear="2021" box="[385,470,1931,1955]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Stegonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aplini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAF3FFDF4642B8EE51EAABA659A7" box="[385,470,1931,1955]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="32">S. aplini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
paratype; (I, J) MZB Ophi.3306,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D62FFDF4642BA5E51EAA9F159A7" box="[817,897,1931,1955]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Stegonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="iridis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAF3FFDF4642BA5E51EAA9F159A7" box="[817,897,1931,1955]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="32">S. iridis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
holotype. Scales are bordered in red and coloured to facilitate comparisons, with dark grey denoting upper temporals and light grey lower temporals (figures not to scale). Photos by M. O’Shea
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF006669FFDE4643B9F850B4A8F35931" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4500575" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4500575" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4500575/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="33" startId="7.[151,250,1749,1773]" targetBox="[156,1431,458,1717]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC036E1FFDE4643B9F850B4A8F35931" blockId="7.[151,1437,1749,1846]" pageId="7" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAF3FFDE4643B9F850B4AB6358E9" bold="true" box="[151,275,1749,1773]" pageId="7" pageNumber="33">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Colour in life of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D62FFDE4643B8AD50B7A80358E9" authority="O’Shea & Richards, 2021" authorityName="O’Shea & Richards" authorityYear="2021" box="[450,627,1749,1773]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Stegonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aplini" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAF3FFDE4643B8AD50B7A80358E9" box="[450,627,1749,1773]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="33">Stegonotus aplini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAF3FFDE4643BB1650B7A8B958EA" bold="true" box="[633,713,1750,1774]" pageId="7" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2385788FFDE4643BB1650B7A8B958EA" box="[633,713,1750,1774]" pageId="7" pageNumber="33" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(A–D) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D62FFDE4643BA2C50B7A9E258E9" box="[835,914,1749,1773]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Stegonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="iridis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAF3FFDE4643BA2C50B7A9E258E9" box="[835,914,1749,1773]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="33">S. iridis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(E–F). (A) SAMA R71442, holotype; (B) PNGNM R25322, paratype; (C, D) SAMA R71443, paratype; and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D62FFDE4643BB98509BA93A5915" box="[759,842,1785,1809]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Stegonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="iridis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAF3FFDE4643BB98509BA93A5915" box="[759,842,1785,1809]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="33">S. iridis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(E) MZB Ophi.3305 (Waigeo); and (F) SAMA R70466 (Batanta), both paratypes. Photos by S. Richards
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C365656AFFDE464CB9A85102AB9E5F46" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="7" pageNumber="33" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC036E1FFDE464CB9A85102AB9E5F46" blockId="7.[151,1437,1891,2026]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1437,151,322]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="7" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAF3FFDE4643B9A85102A8585979" bold="true" box="[199,552,1891,1918]" pageId="7" pageNumber="33">Habitat and Natural History.</emphasis>
|
||
Like other members of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D62FFDE4643BADA5105AE40597A" box="[949,1072,1892,1918]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Stegonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAF3FFDE4643BADA5105AE40597A" box="[949,1072,1892,1918]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="33">Stegonotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D62FFDE4643BD2F5105AEEE597A" authorityName="O’Shea & Richards" authorityYear="2021" box="[1088,1182,1892,1918]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Stegonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aplini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAF3FFDE4643BD2F5105AEEE597A" box="[1088,1182,1892,1918]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="33">S. aplini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a nocturnal species that forages on the forest floor at night. This species was common in both primary lowland forest remote from human habitation (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13442A64FFDE4643B82251CDABE059C3" box="[333,400,1964,1991]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1222,1246]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,345,1198]" captionTargetId="figure-94@8.[151,1436,345,1198]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Forest habitat of Stegonotus aplini sp. nov., dominated by rattan palms (Calamus and Korthalsia: Calamoideae), fan palms (Licuala: Arecaceae), sagisi palms (Heterospathe: Arecaceae), galip nut (Canarium: Burseraceae), and rosewoods (Dysoxylum: Meliaceae) (Baker & Dransfield, 2006). Photo by S. Richards." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4500577" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4500577/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="33">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
), and in garden regrowth near villages; at least ten individuals were observed during surveys of the Purari basin, where the species’ conspicuous pale colouration was readily visible in torchlight during night surveys. During capture each of the specimens struck repeatedly when handled, and attempted again to strike at researchers whilst being extracted from secure holding bags for examination. Local landowners greatly feared this species which they mistook for the highly venomous elapid
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D62FFD1464CBA2756BEAE435EFD" baseAuthorityName="Lesson" baseAuthorityYear="1829" box="[840,1075,223,249]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Micropechis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ikaheca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAF3FFD1464CBA2756BEAE435EFD" box="[840,1075,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="34">Micropechis ikaheca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<superScript id="7C0A9BA9FFD1464CBD5C56BFAE4B5EE8" attach="left" box="[1075,1083,222,236]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="34">1</superScript>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B10FFD1464CBD2456BEAE985EFD" author="Lesson, R. P." box="[1099,1256,223,249]" pageId="8" pageNumber="34" pagination="34 - 65" refId="ref10835" refString="Lesson, R. P. (1830) Description de quelques reptiles nouveaux ou peu connus. In: Duperrey, M. L. I. (Ed.), Histoire Naturelle des Reptiles et Poissons Recueillis dans le Voyage Autour du Monde de la Corvette SM La Coquille, Execut Pendant les Annees, 1823, 1824. Arthur Bertrand, Paris, pp. 34 - 65." type="book chapter" year="1830">Lesson, 1830</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), the only other pale, nocturnal snake in the region. All known locations where this species has been located are in the lowlands of the Purari River basin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13442A64FFD1464CB8F45746AB905F46" box="[411,480,295,322]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1308,1332]" captionTargetBox="[154,1432,564,1282]" captionTargetId="figure-206@9.[151,1435,561,1285]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Map illustrating the known ranges of Stegonotus iridis and S. aplini sp. nov. (A) S. iridis (white box) and S. aplini (yellow box) occur in ranges separated by about 1600 km. (B) Collecting localities (white circles) of S. iridis on Salawati, Batanta, and Waigeo Islands in the Raja Ampat Archipelago, West Papua Province, Indonesian New Guinea. (C) Collecting localities (yellow symbols) of S. aplini in Gulf Province, Papua New Guinea. The star is the type locality, the circles indicate the localities of paratypes. Scale bar on (A) = 600 km, scale bars on (B–C) = 60 km." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4500579" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4500579/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="34">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |