498 lines
64 KiB
XML
498 lines
64 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="28DF277458682DB8C4693B6B367080D1">Reconciling more than 150 years of taxonomic confusion: the true identity of Moenkhausia lepidura, with a key to the species of the M. lepidura group (Characiformes: Characidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="5E5642D0A9BE7B8B271797DFE0E15046">Marinho, Manoela M. F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D33601C42A11A0FAB92F5001083FFD8D">Langeani, Francisco</mods:namePart>
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<paragraph id="8BC036F9FFF21464FF44FF7CDF0CBFA4" blockId="2.[151,587,217,277]" box="[151,587,217,243]" pageId="2" pageNumber="340">
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<heading id="D0888195FFF21464FF44FF7CDF0CBFA4" bold="true" box="[151,587,217,243]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="340" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D7AFFF21464FF44FF7CDF0CBFA4" ID-CoL="73N9K" authority="Kner, 1858" authorityName="Kner" authorityYear="1858" box="[151,587,217,243]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Moenkhausia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="340" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lepidura">
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<emphasis id="B90BEAEBFFF21464FF44FF7CDF0CBFA4" bold="true" box="[151,587,217,243]" pageId="2" pageNumber="340">
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<emphasis id="B90BEAEBFFF21464FF44FF7CDCEEBFA4" bold="true" box="[151,425,217,243]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="340">Moenkhausia lepidura</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B08FFF21464FE6BFF7CDF04BFA4" author="Kner" box="[440,579,217,243]" pageId="2" pageNumber="340" refString="Kner, R. (1858) Beitrage zur Familie der Characinen. Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe, 30 (13), 75 - 80." type="journal article" year="1858">Kner, 1858</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC036F9FFF21464FF44FF59DCFFBE43" blockId="2.[151,587,217,277]" box="[151,440,252,277]" pageId="2" pageNumber="340">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13442A7CFFF21464FF4CFF59DC4DBE42" box="[159,266,252,277]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1. A" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStart-4="FIGURE 5" captionStartId-0="2.[151,250,1965,1987]" captionStartId-1="3.[151,250,1665,1687]" captionStartId-2="5.[151,250,784,806]" captionStartId-3="6.[151,250,1862,1884]" captionStartId-4="7.[151,250,552,574]" captionTargetBox-0="[168,1411,1129,1937]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,183,1643]" captionTargetBox-2="[340,1246,410,762]" captionTargetBox-3="[193,1338,670,1812]" captionTargetBox-4="[154,1432,193,530]" captionTargetId-0="figure@2.[168,1412,1129,1937]" captionTargetId-1="figure@3.[151,1436,183,1643]" captionTargetId-2="figure@5.[340,1247,410,763]" captionTargetId-3="figure@6.[151,1436,625,1840]" captionTargetId-4="figure@7.[154,1432,193,531]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionTargetPageId-2="5" captionTargetPageId-3="6" captionTargetPageId-4="7" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. A) Lectotype of Tetragonopterus lepidurus, NMW 57566, 88.7 mm SL, rio Guaporé, rio Madeira basin, Brazil, B) holotype of Gymnotichthys hildae, MHNL 963, 69.4 mm SL, rio Autana, rio Orinoco basin, Venezuela." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Color variation of Moenkhausia lepidura, all from Brazil: A) MZUSP 18220, 76.9 mm SL, rio Tapajós basin, Pará, B) MZUSP 37458, 66.6 mm SL, rio Guaporé drainage, rio Madeira basin, Mato Grosso, C) MZUSP 112371, 62.4 mm SL, rio Jufari, rio Negro basin, Amazonas, D) MZUSP 6227, 37.8 mm SL, rio Negro basin, Amazonas." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Moenkhausia lepidura, color in life. Rio Madeira at Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil. Not preserved. Photo by L. Sousa." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Upper and lower jaws of Moenkhausia lepidura, MZUSP 37458, 70.0 mm SL, medial view of left side. Scale bar 1 mm." captionText-4="FIGURE 5. Arrangement of the scales of the predorsal region of Moenkhausia lepidura. MZUSP 76538, 44.4 mm SL." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/267518/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/267519/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/267520/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/267521/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/267522/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="340">Figs. 1–5</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13442A7CFFF21464FEC5FF58DC62BE43" box="[278,293,253,276]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1959,1981]" captionTargetBox="[244,1436,790,1937]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,734,1937]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 7. Lateral view of right epibranchial of first branchial arch: A) Moenkhausia lepidura MZUSP 6247, 61.11 mm SL, gill filaments removed, B) M. hasemani MZUSP 91868, 52.0 mm SL. Scale bar 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/267524/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="340">7</figureCitation>
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a;
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<tableCitation id="C6FD0342FFF21464FE93FF59DCD4BE43" box="[320,403,252,277]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,239,152,175]" captionTargetBox="[159,1393,234,1362]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphometric data of Moenkhausia lepidura. Type specimens not included in the range of non-types. SD for Standard Deviation." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF006671FFF41462FF44FF3DDC2BBF98" pageId="2" pageNumber="340" tableUuid="DF006671FFF41462FF44FF3DDC2BBF98">Table 1</tableCitation>
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,
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<tableCitation id="C6FD0342FFF21464FE73FF59DCE8BE43" box="[416,431,252,276]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="9.[151,239,152,175]" captionTargetBox="[159,1422,202,803]" captionText="TABLE 2. Meristic data of Tetragonopterus lepidurus (NMW 57574) and Gymnotichthys hildae (MHNL 963)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF006671FFF9146FFF44FF3DD87DBFF8" pageId="2" pageNumber="340" tableUuid="DF006671FFF9146FFF44FF3DD87DBFF8">2</tableCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3656572FFF21464FF44FEE5DE01BDB4" pageId="2" pageNumber="340" type="reference_group">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D7AFFF21464FF44FEE5DF05BE03" authority="Kner, 1858: 80" authorityName="Kner" authorityPageNumber="80" authorityYear="1858" box="[151,578,318,341]" class="Insecta" family="Anthribidae" genus="Tetragonopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="340" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lepidurus">
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<emphasis id="B90BEAEBFFF21464FF44FEE5DCE3BE03" box="[151,420,318,341]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="340">Tetragonopterus lepidurus</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0ADE10E8FFF21464FE79FE9ADF05BE03" author="Kner" box="[426,578,318,340]" page="80" pageId="2" pageNumber="340" year="1858">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B08FFF21464FE79FE9ADF67BE03" author="Kner" box="[426,544,318,340]" pageId="2" pageNumber="340" refString="Kner, R. (1858) Beitrage zur Familie der Characinen. Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe, 30 (13), 75 - 80." type="journal article" year="1858">Kner, 1858</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 80
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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[rio Guaporé (subsequentely reported by Kner 1959: 177)]; 1859: 176, pl. 8, fig. 20 [detailed description].—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ADE10E8FFF21464FE13FEF8DE07BE24" author="Eigenmann" box="[448,832,349,371]" page="53" pageId="2" pageNumber="340" year="1891">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B08FFF21464FE13FEF8DE5EBE24" author="Eigenmann" box="[448,793,349,371]" pageId="2" pageNumber="340" refString="Eigenmann, C. H. & Eigenmann, R. S. (1891) A catalogue of the fresh-water fishes of South America. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 14, 1 - 81. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.842" type="journal article" year="1891">Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1891</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 53
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||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
[catalog, Amazon from Óbidos to Tabatinga].?
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ADE10E8FFF21464FA90FEF8DC6ABEC5" author="Gunther" page="328" pageId="2" pageNumber="340" year="1864">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B08FFF21464FA90FEF8DDBABEC5" author="Gunther" pageId="2" pageNumber="340" refString="Gunther, A. (1864) Catalogue of Physostomi, containing the families Siluridae, Characinidae, Haplochitonidae, Sternoptychidae, Scopelidae, Stomiatidae in the collection of the British Museum. Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum, 5, i - xxii, 1 - 455." type="journal article" year="1864">Günther, 1864</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 328
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||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
[literature compilation].
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BC036F9FFF21464FF44FE3FD94DBEE7" blockId="2.[151,1436,318,739]" box="[151,1034,410,432]" pageId="2" pageNumber="340">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB6F11D7FFF21464FF44FE3FD94DBEE7" box="[151,1034,410,432]" pageId="2" pageNumber="340">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D7AFFF21464FF44FE3FDCC2BEE7" ID-CoL="55N7F" box="[151,389,410,432]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Moenkhausia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="340" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lepidurus">
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<emphasis id="B90BEAEBFFF21464FF44FE3FDCC2BEE7" box="[151,389,410,432]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="340">Moenkhausia lepidurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
.?
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<treatmentCitation id="0ADE10E8FFF21464FE4EFE3FDFC4BEE7" author="Eigenmann" box="[413,643,410,432]" page="438" pageId="2" pageNumber="340" year="1910">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B08FFF21464FE4EFE3FDF13BEE7" author="Eigenmann" box="[413,596,410,432]" pageId="2" pageNumber="340" refString="Eigenmann, C. H. (1910) Catalogue of the fresh-water fishes of tropical and south temperate America. In: Reports of the Princeton University expeditions to Patagonia 1896 - 1899. Zoology, 3 (4), 375 - 511." type="journal article" year="1910">Eigenmann, 1910</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 438
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
[in part, only Amazon basin; catalog].
|
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC036F9FFF21464FF44FE1CDEA5BEB9" blockId="2.[151,1436,318,739]" pageId="2" pageNumber="340">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB6F11D7FFF21464FF44FE1CDEA5BEB9" pageId="2" pageNumber="340">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D7AFFF21464FF44FE1CDC90BE98" ID-CoL="73N9K" box="[151,471,441,463]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Moenkhausia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="340" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="lepidura" subSpecies="lepidura">
|
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<emphasis id="B90BEAEBFFF21464FF44FE1CDC90BE98" box="[151,471,441,463]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="340">Moenkhausia lepidura lepidura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.?
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ADE10E8FFF21464FE3CFE1CDF8FBE98" author="Eigenmann" box="[495,712,441,463]" page="68" pageId="2" pageNumber="340" year="1917">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B08FFF21464FE3CFE1CDFE2BE98" author="Eigenmann" box="[495,677,441,463]" pageId="2" pageNumber="340" refString="Eigenmann, C. H. (1917) The American Characidae - I. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 43, 1 - 102." type="journal article" year="1917">Eigenmann, 1917</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 68
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
[key], 98 [in part, only Amazon species with predorsal region with two lateral series of scales anteriory, followed by one medial series; redescription].
|
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC036F9FFF21464FF44FE53DEF5BDD0" blockId="2.[151,1436,318,739]" pageId="2" pageNumber="340">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB6F11D7FFF21464FF44FE53DEF5BDD0" pageId="2" pageNumber="340">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D7AFFF21464FF44FE53DC3BBD5B" ID-CoL="73N9K" box="[151,380,502,524]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Moenkhausia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="340" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lepidura">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAEBFFF21464FF44FE53DC3BBD5B" box="[151,380,502,524]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="340">Moenkhausia lepidura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.?
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ADE10E8FFF21464FE46FE53DF7DBD5B" author="Gery" box="[405,570,502,524]" page="451" pageId="2" pageNumber="340" year="1977">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B08FFF21464FE46FE53DF4EBD5B" author="Gery" box="[405,521,502,524]" pageId="2" pageNumber="340" refString="Gery, J. (1977) Characoids of the World. T. F. H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey, 672 pp." type="book" year="1977">Géry, 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 451
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
[similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D7AFFF21464FD61FE53DED7BD5B" ID-CoL="3HVHZ" box="[690,912,502,524]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Gymnotichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="340" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hildae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAEBFFF21464FD61FE53DED7BD5B" box="[690,912,502,524]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="340">Gymnotichthys hildae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
].?
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ADE10E8FFF21464FC61FE53D90FBD5B" author="Gery" box="[946,1096,502,524]" page="70" pageId="2" pageNumber="340" year="1992">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B08FFF21464FC61FE53D966BD5B" author="Gery" box="[946,1057,502,524]" pageId="2" pageNumber="340" refString="Gery, J. (1992) Description de deux nouvelles espeses proches de Moenkhausia lepidura (Kner) (Poissons, Characiformes, Tetragonopterinae), avec une revue du groupe. Revue Francaise d'Aquariologie and Herpetologie, 19, 69 - 78." type="journal article" year="1992">Géry 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 70
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, fig. 1 [in part, redescription], 78 [key].?
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ADE10E8FFF21464FEC6FDB0DCBBBD7C" author="Lima" box="[277,508,533,555]" page="148" pageId="2" pageNumber="340" year="2003">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B08FFF21464FEC6FDB0DC8CBD7C" author="Lima" box="[277,459,533,555]" pageId="2" pageNumber="340" refString="Lima, F. C. T., Malabarba, L. R., Buckup, P. A., Silva, J. F. P., Vari, R. P., Harold, A., Benine, R. C., Oyakawa, O., Pavanelli, C. S., Menezes, N. A. Lucena, C. A. S., Malabarba, M. C. S. L., Lucena, Z. M. S., Reis, R. E., Langeani, F., Casatti, L., Bertaco, V., Moreira, C. & Lucinda, P. H. F. (2003) Genera Incertae Sedis In Characidae. In: Reis, R. E., Kullander, S. O. & Ferraris-Jr, C. J. (Eds.), Check List of Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America. Edipucrs, Porto Alegre, pp. 106 - 169." type="book chapter" year="2003">
|
||
Lima
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAEBFFF21464FE80FDB3DCC0BD7C" box="[339,391,533,555]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="340">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2003
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 148
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
[in part, only Amazon and Orinoco basins; literature compilation].?
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ADE10E8FFF21464FB11FDB0D8DBBD7C" author="Lima" box="[1218,1436,533,555]" page="59" pageId="2" pageNumber="340" year="2007">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B08FFF21464FB11FDB0D830BD7C" author="Lima" box="[1218,1399,533,555]" pageId="2" pageNumber="340" refString="Lima, F. C. T., Buckup, P. A., Menezes, N. A., Lucena, C. A. S., Lucena, Z. M. S., Toledo-Piza, M. & Zanata, A. (2007) Familia Characidae: Generos incertae sedis. In: Buckup, P. A., Menezes, N. A. & Ghazzi, M. A. (Eds.), Catalogo das especies de peixes de agua doce do Brasil. Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, pp. 44 - 62." type="book chapter" year="2007">
|
||
Lima
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAEBFFF21464FB2CFDB3D873BD7C" box="[1279,1332,533,555]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="340">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 59
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
[literature compilation].?
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ADE10E8FFF21464FE03FD91DE65BD1D" author="Marinho" box="[464,802,564,586]" page="60" pageId="2" pageNumber="340" year="2010">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B08FFF21464FE03FD91DFBBBD1D" author="Marinho" box="[464,764,564,586]" pageId="2" pageNumber="340" refString="Marinho, M. M. F. & Langeani, F. (2010 a) A new species of Moenkhausia from the rio Amazonas and rio Orinoco basins (Characiformes: Characidae). Zootaxa, 2577, 57 - 68." type="journal article" year="2010" yearSuffix="a">Marinho & Langeani, 2010a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 60
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
[diagnosis of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D7AFFF21464FC69FD90D950BD1D" ID-CoL="73N9G" box="[954,1047,564,586]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Moenkhausia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="340" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mikia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAEBFFF21464FC69FD90D950BD1D" box="[954,1047,564,586]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="340">M. mikia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; literature compilation].?
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ADE10E8FFF21464FAFBFD91DCEEBD3F" author="Marinho" page="878" pageId="2" pageNumber="340" year="2010">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B08FFF21464FAFBFD91DC30BD3F" author="Marinho" pageId="2" pageNumber="340" refString="Marinho, M. M. F. & Langeani, F. (2010 b) Moenkhausia celibela: a new species from the Amazon basin, Brazil (Characiformes: Characidae). Journal of Fish Biology, 77 (4), 879 - 889. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8649.2010.02719. x" type="journal article" year="2010" yearSuffix="b">Marinho & Langeani, 2010b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 878
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
[literature compilation; comparative material].?
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ADE10E8FFF21464FC77FDF7D935BD3F" author="Mirande" box="[932,1138,594,616]" page="506" pageId="2" pageNumber="340" year="2010">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B08FFF21464FC77FDF7D907BD3F" author="Mirande" box="[932,1088,594,616]" pageId="2" pageNumber="340" refString="Mirande, J. M. (2010) Phylogeny of the family Characidae (Teleostei: Characiformes): from characters to taxonomy. Neotropical Ichthyology, 8 (3), 385 - 568. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 0031.2009.00262. x" type="journal article" year="2010">Mirande, 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 506
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
[comments on phylogeny].?
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B08FFF21464FF14FDD4DC96BDD0" author="Oliveira" box="[199,465,625,647]" pageId="2" pageNumber="340" refString="Oliveira, G. D. & Marinho, M. M. F. (2016) A new species of Moenkhausia Eigenmann, 1903 (Characiformes, Characidae) from the rio Amazonas basin, Brazil. Zootaxa, 4093 (4), 566 - 574. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4093.4.8" type="journal article" year="2016">Oliveira & Marinho, 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
[diagnosis of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D7AFFF21464FDB2FDD7DFFDBDD0" box="[609,698,625,647]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Moenkhausia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="340" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="abyss">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAEBFFF21464FDB2FDD7DFFDBDD0" box="[609,698,625,647]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="340">M. abyss</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; literature compilation].
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC036F9FFF21464FF44FD35DE01BDB4" blockId="2.[151,1436,318,739]" pageId="2" pageNumber="340">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB6F11D7FFF21464FF44FD35DE01BDB4" pageId="2" pageNumber="340">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D7AFFF21464FF44FD35DFE9BDF1" ID-CoL="3HVHZ" authority="Fernandez-Yepez, 1950: 10" authorityName="Fernandez-Yepez" authorityPageNumber="10" authorityYear="1950" box="[151,686,656,678]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Gymnotichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="340" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hildae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAEBFFF21464FF44FD35DC3CBDF1" box="[151,379,656,678]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="340">Gymnotichthys hildae</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ADE10E8FFF21464FE54FD35DFE9BDF1" author="Fernandez-Yepez" box="[391,686,656,678]" page="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="340" year="1950">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B08FFF21464FE54FD35DFC4BDF1" author="Fernandez-Yepez" box="[391,643,656,678]" pageId="2" pageNumber="340" refString="Fernandez-Yepez, A. (1950) Algunos peces del Rio Autana. Novedades Cientificas Contribuciones ocasionales del Museo de Historia Natural la Salle (Serie Zoologica), 2, 1 - 18, pls. 1 - 3." type="journal article" year="1950">Fernández-Yépez, 1950</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 10
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, pl. 2: figs 1 [rio Autana].?
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ADE10E8FFF21464FC27FD35D9E2BDF1" author="Gery" box="[1012,1189,656,678]" page="438" pageId="2" pageNumber="340" year="1977">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B08FFF21464FC27FD35D929BDF1" author="Gery" box="[1012,1134,656,678]" pageId="2" pageNumber="340" refString="Gery, J. (1977) Characoids of the World. T. F. H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey, 672 pp." type="book" year="1977">Géry, 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 438
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
[key], 451 [similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D7AFFF21464FF14FD0BDCEABD93" ID-CoL="73N9K" box="[199,429,686,708]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Moenkhausia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="340" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lepidura">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAEBFFF21464FF14FD0BDCEABD93" box="[199,429,686,708]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="340">Moenkhausia lepidura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
].
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ADE10E8FFF21464FE17FD0BDF1ABD93" author="Gery" box="[452,605,686,708]" page="78" pageId="2" pageNumber="340" year="1992">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B08FFF21464FE17FD0BDF7EBD93" author="Gery" box="[452,569,686,708]" pageId="2" pageNumber="340" refString="Gery, J. (1992) Description de deux nouvelles espeses proches de Moenkhausia lepidura (Kner) (Poissons, Characiformes, Tetragonopterinae), avec une revue du groupe. Revue Francaise d'Aquariologie and Herpetologie, 19, 69 - 78." type="journal article" year="1992">Géry, 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 78
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
[key].?
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ADE10E8FFF21464FD67FD0ADEDDBD93" author="Lasso" box="[692,922,686,709]" page="41" pageId="2" pageNumber="340" year="1997">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B08FFF21464FD67FD0ADE31BD93" author="Lasso" box="[692,886,686,709]" pageId="2" pageNumber="340" refString="Lasso, C. A., Ponte, V. & Lasso, O. M. (1997) Catalogo de la coleccion de tipos de peces de la Fundacion La Salle de Ciencias naturales. Parte I: Museo de Historia Natural la Salle (MHNLS). Memoria de la Sociedad de Ciencias Naturales La Salle, 57 (147), 37 - 52." type="journal article" year="1997">
|
||
Lasso,
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAEBFFF21464FD2EFD15DE75BD93" box="[765,818,686,709]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="340">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 1997
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 41
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
[
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C4885BFFF21464FC7BFD0ADE91BD93" box="[936,982,687,708]" pageId="2" pageNumber="340">type</typeStatus>
|
||
catalog].?
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ADE10E8FFF21464FB9AFD0BD877BD93" author="Lima" box="[1097,1328,686,709]" page="128" pageId="2" pageNumber="340" year="2003">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B08FFF21464FB9AFD0BD9B8BD93" author="Lima" box="[1097,1279,686,709]" pageId="2" pageNumber="340" refString="Lima, F. C. T., Malabarba, L. R., Buckup, P. A., Silva, J. F. P., Vari, R. P., Harold, A., Benine, R. C., Oyakawa, O., Pavanelli, C. S., Menezes, N. A. Lucena, C. A. S., Malabarba, M. C. S. L., Lucena, Z. M. S., Reis, R. E., Langeani, F., Casatti, L., Bertaco, V., Moreira, C. & Lucinda, P. H. F. (2003) Genera Incertae Sedis In Characidae. In: Reis, R. E., Kullander, S. O. & Ferraris-Jr, C. J. (Eds.), Check List of Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America. Edipucrs, Porto Alegre, pp. 106 - 169." type="book chapter" year="2003">
|
||
Lima
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAEBFFF21464FB55FD15D9FCBD93" box="[1158,1211,686,709]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="340">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2003
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 128
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
[literature compilation].?
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ADE10E8FFF21464FEB5FD68DF68BDB4" author="Mirande" box="[358,559,717,739]" page="546" pageId="2" pageNumber="340" year="2010">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B08FFF21464FEB5FD68DF47BDB4" author="Mirande" box="[358,512,717,739]" pageId="2" pageNumber="340" refString="Mirande, J. M. (2010) Phylogeny of the family Characidae (Teleostei: Characiformes): from characters to taxonomy. Neotropical Ichthyology, 8 (3), 385 - 568. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 0031.2009.00262. x" type="journal article" year="2010">Mirande, 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 546
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
[comments on phylogeny].
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3656572FFF21464FF44FCAFDEBBBB14" pageId="2" pageNumber="340" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC036F9FFF21464FF44FCAFDEBBBB14" blockId="2.[151,1437,778,1091]" pageId="2" pageNumber="340">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAEBFFF21464FF44FCAFDC56BC74" bold="true" box="[151,273,778,803]" pageId="2" pageNumber="340">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D7AFFF21464FECEFCAFDF58BC74" box="[285,543,778,803]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Moenkhausia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="340" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lepidura">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAEBFFF21464FECEFCAFDF58BC74" box="[285,543,778,803]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="340">Moenkhausia lepidura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from all congeners, except
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D7AFFF21464FBB8FCA9D993BC74" box="[1131,1236,778,803]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Moenkhausia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="340" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="abyss">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAEBFFF21464FBB8FCA9D993BC74" box="[1131,1236,778,803]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="340">M. abyss</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D7AFFF21464FB34FCA9D82CBC74" box="[1255,1387,778,803]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Moenkhausia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="340" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="celibela">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAEBFFF21464FB34FCA9D82CBC74" box="[1255,1387,778,803]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="340">M. celibela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D7AFFF21464FAAEFCA9DC43BC10" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Moenkhausia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="340" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gracilima">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAEBFFF21464FAAEFCA9DC43BC10" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="340">M. gracilima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D7AFFF21464FEC7FC8ADCE1BC10" box="[276,422,814,839]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Moenkhausia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="340" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hasemani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAEBFFF21464FEC7FC8ADCE1BC10" box="[276,422,814,839]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="340">M. hasemani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D7AFFF21464FE66FC8ADF2CBC10" box="[437,619,814,839]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Moenkhausia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="340" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hysterosticta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAEBFFF21464FE66FC8ADF2CBC10" box="[437,619,814,839]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="340">M. hysterosticta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D7AFFF21464FDA8FC8ADF97BC11" box="[635,720,815,838]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Moenkhausia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="340" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="icae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAEBFFF21464FDA8FC8ADF97BC11" box="[635,720,815,838]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="340">M. icae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D7AFFF21464FD32FC8ADE79BC11" box="[737,830,815,838]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Moenkhausia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="340" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="inrai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAEBFFF21464FD32FC8ADE79BC11" box="[737,830,815,838]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="340">M. inrai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D7AFFF21464FC9DFC8ADEE6BC10" box="[846,929,814,839]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Moenkhausia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="340" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAEBFFF21464FC9DFC8ADEE6BC10" box="[846,929,814,839]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="340">M. lata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D7AFFF21464FC62FC8AD904BC10" box="[945,1091,814,839]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Moenkhausia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="340" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megalops">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAEBFFF21464FC62FC8AD904BC10" box="[945,1091,814,839]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="340">M. megalops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D7AFFF21464FB80FC8AD9FFBC10" box="[1107,1208,814,839]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Moenkhausia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="340" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mikia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAEBFFF21464FB80FC8AD9FFBC10" box="[1107,1208,814,839]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="340">M. mikia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D7AFFF21464FB29FC8AD837BC10" box="[1274,1392,814,839]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Moenkhausia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="340" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="loweae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAEBFFF21464FB29FC8AD837BC10" box="[1274,1392,814,839]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="340">M. loweae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, by having a dark blotch on the upper caudal-fin lobe, and lower lobe hyaline (vs. caudal lobes hyaline or with a black blotch on both lobes).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D7AFFF21464FE60FCD3DFFFBCD8" box="[435,696,886,911]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Moenkhausia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="340" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lepidura">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAEBFFF21464FE60FCD3DFFFBCD8" box="[435,696,886,911]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="340">Moenkhausia lepidura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distinguished from all the aforementioned species by the arrangement of the predorsal scales, which consists of two median series from the tip of supraocciptal spine followed by one medial series reaching the dorsal-fin origin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13442A7CFFF21464FC9AFC1BDECBBC80" box="[841,908,958,983]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,552,574]" captionTargetBox="[154,1432,193,530]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[154,1432,193,531]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Arrangement of the scales of the predorsal region of Moenkhausia lepidura. MZUSP 76538, 44.4 mm SL." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/267522/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="340">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
) (vs. one median series from the supraocciptal spine to the dorsal-fin origin). The pigmentation of the caudal fin also helps to recognize
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D7AFFF21464FB45FC41D85BBCAC" box="[1174,1308,994,1019]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Moenkhausia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="340" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lepidura">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAEBFFF21464FB45FC41D85BBCAC" box="[1174,1308,994,1019]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="340">M. lepidura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
among the species above, which is black, extending from middle caudal-fin rays to the upper lobe (vs. upper caudal-fin lobe pigmentation not as dark; when black, not located on middle caudal-fin rays).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF006671FFF21464FF44F808D9E9B8B5" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/267518/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="340" targetBox="[168,1411,1129,1937]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC036F9FFF21464FF44F808D9E9B8B5" blockId="2.[151,1436,1965,2018]" pageId="2" pageNumber="340">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAEBFFF21464FF44F808DC55B894" bold="true" box="[151,274,1965,1987]" pageId="2" pageNumber="340">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
A) Lectotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D7AFFF21464FE6CF80ADF8BB894" box="[447,716,1965,1988]" class="Insecta" family="Anthribidae" genus="Tetragonopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="340" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lepidurus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAEBFFF21464FE6CF80ADF8BB894" box="[447,716,1965,1988]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="340">Tetragonopterus lepidurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, NMW 57566, 88.7 mm SL, rio Guaporé, rio Madeira basin, Brazil, B) holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D7AFFF21464FEC2F869DCA9B8B5" box="[273,494,1996,2018]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Gymnotichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="340" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hildae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAEBFFF21464FEC2F869DCA9B8B5" box="[273,494,1996,2018]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="340">Gymnotichthys hildae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, MHNL 963, 69.4 mm SL, rio Autana, rio Orinoco basin, Venezuela.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF006671FFF31465FF44F924D927B983" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/267519/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="341" targetBox="[151,1436,183,1643]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC036F9FFF31465FF44F924D927B983" blockId="3.[151,1436,1665,1748]" pageId="3" pageNumber="341">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAEBFFF31465FF44F924DC55B9C0" bold="true" box="[151,274,1665,1687]" pageId="3" pageNumber="341">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Color variation of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D7AFFF31465FE01F924DFF1B9C0" box="[466,694,1665,1687]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Moenkhausia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="341" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lepidura">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAEBFFF31465FE01F924DFF1B9C0" box="[466,694,1665,1687]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="341">Moenkhausia lepidura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, all from Brazil: A) MZUSP 18220, 76.9 mm SL, rio Tapajós basin, Pará, B) MZUSP 37458, 66.6 mm SL, rio Guaporé drainage, rio Madeira basin, Mato Grosso, C) MZUSP 112371, 62.4 mm SL, rio Jufari, rio Negro basin, Amazonas, D) MZUSP 6227, 37.8 mm SL, rio Negro basin, Amazonas.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3656572FFF31463FF14F8A4DCA1BABE" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="343" pageId="3" pageNumber="341" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC036F9FFF31465FF14F8A4DCBBB8A5" blockId="3.[151,1436,1793,2034]" pageId="3" pageNumber="341">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAEBFFF31465FF14F8A4DC1EB84D" bold="true" box="[199,345,1793,1818]" pageId="3" pageNumber="341">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Morphometrics in
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6FD0342FFF31465FDE2F8A4DFC2B84E" box="[561,645,1793,1818]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,239,152,175]" captionTargetBox="[159,1393,234,1362]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphometric data of Moenkhausia lepidura. Type specimens not included in the range of non-types. SD for Standard Deviation." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF006671FFF41462FF44FF3DDC2BBF98" pageId="3" pageNumber="341" tableUuid="DF006671FFF41462FF44FF3DDC2BBF98">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
. Largest specimen examined 84.0 mm SL. Body compressed, greatest body depth slightly ahead of vertical through dorsal-fin origin. Dorsal profile of body convex from upper lip to nares; straight from nares to tip of supraoccipital spine; convex from supraoccipital spine to dorsal-fin origin; straight to slightly convex along dorsal-fin base; straight to slightly convex from posterior terminus of dorsal-fin base to adipose-fin origin; slightly concave along caudal peduncle. Ventral profile of body convex from tip of lower jaw to pelvic-fin origin; straight from pelvic-fin origin to anal-fin origin; straight along anal-fin base and slightly concave along caudal peduncle.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF006671FFF41462FF44FF3DDC2BBF98" ID-Table-UUID="DF006671FFF41462FF44FF3DDC2BBF98" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF006671FFF41462FF44FF3DDC2BBF98" pageId="4" pageNumber="342" targetBox="[159,1393,234,1362]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC036F9FFF41462FF44FF3DDC2BBF98" blockId="4.[151,1436,152,207]" pageId="4" pageNumber="342">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAEBFFF41462FF44FF3DDC4DBFF8" bold="true" box="[151,266,152,175]" pageId="4" pageNumber="342">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Morphometric data of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D7AFFF41462FDD2FF3DDFB5BFF8" box="[513,754,152,175]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Moenkhausia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="342" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lepidura">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAEBFFF41462FDD2FF3DDFB5BFF8" box="[513,754,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="342">Moenkhausia lepidura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Type specimens not included in the range of non-types. SD for Standard Deviation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC036F9FFF41462FD9FFF4FD836BA05" pageId="4" pageNumber="342">
|
||
<table id="F97FC459FFF4EB99FF4CFF4FD836BA05" box="[159,1393,234,1362]" gridcols="6" gridrows="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="342">
|
||
<tr id="354F34BBFFF4EB99FF4CFF4FD836BE1F" box="[159,1393,234,328]" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="342" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<th id="769E5DC7FFF4EB99FD9FFF4FDF92BE1F" box="[588,725,234,328]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="342">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D7AFFF41462FD9FFF4FDFE5BE48" box="[588,725,234,287]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Moenkhausia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="342" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lepidura">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAEBFFF41462FD9FFF4FDFE5BE48" box="[588,725,234,287]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="342">Moenkhausia lepidura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Lectotype
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="769E5DC7FFF4EB99FCD9FF4FDEE4BE1F" box="[778,931,234,328]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="342">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D7AFFF41462FCD8FF4FDE0DBE48" box="[779,931,234,287]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Gymnotichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="342" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hildae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAEBFFF41462FCD8FF4FDE0DBE48" box="[779,931,234,287]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="342">Gymnotichthys hildae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Holotype
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="769E5DC7FFF4EB99FC0AFF4FD92ABE1F" box="[985,1133,234,328]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="342">Non-type specimens n</th>
|
||
<th id="769E5DC7FFF4EB99FB19FF4FD843BE1F" box="[1226,1284,234,328]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="342">Mean</th>
|
||
<th id="769E5DC7FFF4EB99FA82FF4FD836BE1F" box="[1361,1393,234,328]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="342">SD</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354F34BBFFF4EB99FF4CFEF9D836BE93" box="[159,1393,348,452]" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="342">
|
||
<th id="769E5DC7FFF4EB99FF4CFEF9DF59BE93" box="[159,542,348,452]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="342">
|
||
Standard length (mm)
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAEBFFF41462FF4CFE20DCAABECC" bold="true" box="[159,493,389,411]" pageId="4" pageNumber="342">Percentages of standard length</emphasis>
|
||
Depth at dorsal-fin origin
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="769E5DC7FFF4EB99FD9FFEF9DF92BE93" box="[588,725,348,452]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="342">88.7 30.0</td>
|
||
<td id="769E5DC7FFF4EB99FCD9FEF9DEE4BE93" box="[778,931,348,452]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="342">69.4 23.0</td>
|
||
<td id="769E5DC7FFF4EB99FC0AFEF9D92ABE93" box="[985,1133,348,452]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="342">98 48.9–82.8 98 25.9–35.5</td>
|
||
<td id="769E5DC7FFF4EB99FB19FEF9D843BE93" box="[1226,1284,348,452]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="342">64.7 30.9</td>
|
||
<td id="769E5DC7FFF4EB99FA82FEF9D836BE93" box="[1361,1393,348,452]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="342">5.4 2.6</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354F34BBFFF4EB99FF4CFE7DD836BD17" box="[159,1393,472,576]" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="342">
|
||
<th id="769E5DC7FFF4EB99FF4CFE7DDF59BD17" box="[159,542,472,576]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="342">Snout to dorsal-fin origin Dorsal-fin origin to adipose-fin origin Snout to pelvic-fin origin</th>
|
||
<td id="769E5DC7FFF4EB99FD9FFE7DDF92BD17" box="[588,725,472,576]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="342">48.9 35.5 50.0</td>
|
||
<td id="769E5DC7FFF4EB99FCD9FE7DDEE4BD17" box="[778,931,472,576]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="342">46.8 - 49.0</td>
|
||
<td id="769E5DC7FFF4EB99FC0AFE7DD92ABD17" box="[985,1133,472,576]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="342">98 47.6–56.5 97 35.9–49.8 98 47.5–56.1</td>
|
||
<td id="769E5DC7FFF4EB99FB19FE7DD843BD17" box="[1226,1284,472,576]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="342">49.7 38.5 49.8</td>
|
||
<td id="769E5DC7FFF4EB99FA82FE7DD836BD17" box="[1361,1393,472,576]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="342">1.3 1.5 1.2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354F34BBFFF4EB99FF4CFDF1D836BDEB" box="[159,1393,596,700]" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="342">
|
||
<th id="769E5DC7FFF4EB99FF4CFDF1DF59BDEB" box="[159,542,596,700]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="342">Snout to anal-fin origin Pelvic-fin origin to anal-fin origin Dorsal-fin length</th>
|
||
<td id="769E5DC7FFF4EB99FD9FFDF1DF92BDEB" box="[588,725,596,700]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="342">70.1 21.2 23.0</td>
|
||
<td id="769E5DC7FFF4EB99FCD9FDF1DEE4BDEB" box="[778,931,596,700]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="342">66.6 - 24.8</td>
|
||
<td id="769E5DC7FFF4EB99FC0AFDF1D92ABDEB" box="[985,1133,596,700]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="342">98 65.2–71.5 97 18.1–22.5 98 22.9–30.2</td>
|
||
<td id="769E5DC7FFF4EB99FB19FDF1D843BDEB" box="[1226,1284,596,700]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="342">67.8 19.8 26.8</td>
|
||
<td id="769E5DC7FFF4EB99FA82FDF1D836BDEB" box="[1361,1393,596,700]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="342">1.2 1.0 1.6</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354F34BBFFF4EB99FF4CFD75D836BC6F" box="[159,1393,720,824]" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="342">
|
||
<th id="769E5DC7FFF4EB99FF4CFD75DF59BC6F" box="[159,542,720,824]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="342">Pectoral-fin length Pelvic-fin length Anal-fin length</th>
|
||
<td id="769E5DC7FFF4EB99FD9FFD75DF92BC6F" box="[588,725,720,824]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="342">18.1 18.0 14.4</td>
|
||
<td id="769E5DC7FFF4EB99FCD9FD75DEE4BC6F" box="[778,931,720,824]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="342">19.2 17.1 17.3</td>
|
||
<td id="769E5DC7FFF4EB99FC0AFD75D92ABC6F" box="[985,1133,720,824]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="342">98 17.8–23.0 98 15.7–20.8 98 14.3–20.4</td>
|
||
<td id="769E5DC7FFF4EB99FB19FD75D843BC6F" box="[1226,1284,720,824]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="342">20.0 18.2 17.0</td>
|
||
<td id="769E5DC7FFF4EB99FA82FD75D836BC6F" box="[1361,1393,720,824]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="342">1.0 1.1 1.4</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354F34BBFFF4EB99FF4CFCE9D836BCE3" box="[159,1393,844,948]" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="342">
|
||
<th id="769E5DC7FFF4EB99FF4CFCE9DF59BCE3" box="[159,542,844,948]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="342">Dorsal-fin base length Anal-fin base length Eye to dorsal-fin origin</th>
|
||
<td id="769E5DC7FFF4EB99FD9FFCE9DF92BCE3" box="[588,725,844,948]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="342">12.1 23.0 36.4</td>
|
||
<td id="769E5DC7FFF4EB99FCD9FCE9DEE4BCE3" box="[778,931,844,948]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="342">11.7 23.2 33.7</td>
|
||
<td id="769E5DC7FFF4EB99FC0AFCE9D92ABCE3" box="[985,1133,844,948]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="342">98 11.4–15.5 98 22.4–26.8 98 33.8–39.5</td>
|
||
<td id="769E5DC7FFF4EB99FB19FCE9D843BCE3" box="[1226,1284,844,948]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="342">13.7 24.8 35.9</td>
|
||
<td id="769E5DC7FFF4EB99FA82FCE9D836BCE3" box="[1361,1393,844,948]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="342">0.7 1.1 1.3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354F34BBFFF4EB99FF4CFC6DD836BB67" box="[159,1393,968,1072]" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="342">
|
||
<th id="769E5DC7FFF4EB99FF4CFC6DDF59BB67" box="[159,542,968,1072]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="342">Pectoral- to dorsal-fin origin Caudal-peduncle length Caudal-peduncle depth</th>
|
||
<td id="769E5DC7FFF4EB99FD9FFC6DDF92BB67" box="[588,725,968,1072]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="342">- 10.4 11.7</td>
|
||
<td id="769E5DC7FFF4EB99FCD9FC6DDEE4BB67" box="[778,931,968,1072]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="342">- 11.7 8.8</td>
|
||
<td id="769E5DC7FFF4EB99FC0AFC6DD92ABB67" box="[985,1133,968,1072]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="342">97 32.7–41.1 98 10.0–15.5 98 8.9–11.7</td>
|
||
<td id="769E5DC7FFF4EB99FB19FC6DD843BB67" box="[1226,1284,968,1072]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="342">36.1 12.0 10.1</td>
|
||
<td id="769E5DC7FFF4EB99FA82FC6DD836BB67" box="[1361,1393,968,1072]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="342">1.9 1.0 0.6</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354F34BBFFF4EB99FF4CFBE1D836BBFB" box="[159,1393,1092,1196]" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="342">
|
||
<th id="769E5DC7FFF4EB99FF4CFBE1DF59BBFB" box="[159,542,1092,1196]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="342">
|
||
Head depth Head length
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAEBFFF41462FF4CFB33DC87BBFB" bold="true" box="[159,448,1174,1196]" pageId="4" pageNumber="342">Percentages of head length</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="769E5DC7FFF4EB99FD9FFBE1DF92BBFB" box="[588,725,1092,1196]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="342">25.6 23.2</td>
|
||
<td id="769E5DC7FFF4EB99FCD9FBE1DEE4BBFB" box="[778,931,1092,1196]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="342">20.2 25.8</td>
|
||
<td id="769E5DC7FFF4EB99FC0AFBE1D92ABBFB" box="[985,1133,1092,1196]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="342">98 22.0–27.0 98 24.1–27.2</td>
|
||
<td id="769E5DC7FFF4EB99FB19FBE1D843BBFB" box="[1226,1284,1092,1196]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="342">24.4 25.5</td>
|
||
<td id="769E5DC7FFF4EB99FA82FBE1D836BBFB" box="[1361,1393,1092,1196]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="342">1.1 0.6</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354F34BBFFF4EB99FF4CFB65D836BA7F" box="[159,1393,1216,1320]" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="342">
|
||
<th id="769E5DC7FFF4EB99FF4CFB65DF59BA7F" box="[159,542,1216,1320]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="342">Horizontal eye diameter Snout length Interorbital width</th>
|
||
<td id="769E5DC7FFF4EB99FD9FFB65DF92BA7F" box="[588,725,1216,1320]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="342">38.1 28.8 39.1</td>
|
||
<td id="769E5DC7FFF4EB99FCD9FB65DEE4BA7F" box="[778,931,1216,1320]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="342">38.0 27.9 34.6</td>
|
||
<td id="769E5DC7FFF4EB99FC0AFB65D92ABA7F" box="[985,1133,1216,1320]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="342">98 37.2–46.2 98 25.2–32.3 98 33.3–40.0</td>
|
||
<td id="769E5DC7FFF4EB99FB19FB65D843BA7F" box="[1226,1284,1216,1320]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="342">40.9 28.2 36.3</td>
|
||
<td id="769E5DC7FFF4EB99FA82FB65D836BA7F" box="[1361,1393,1216,1320]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="342">1.6 1.3 1.5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354F34BBFFF4EB99FF4CFA99D836BA05" box="[159,1393,1340,1362]" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="342">
|
||
<th id="769E5DC7FFF4EB99FF4CFA99DF59BA05" box="[159,542,1340,1362]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="342">Upper jaw length</th>
|
||
<td id="769E5DC7FFF4EB99FD9FFA99DF92BA05" box="[588,725,1340,1362]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="342">41.9</td>
|
||
<td id="769E5DC7FFF4EB99FCD9FA99DEE4BA05" box="[778,931,1340,1362]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="342">41.9</td>
|
||
<td id="769E5DC7FFF4EB99FC0AFA99D92ABA05" box="[985,1133,1340,1362]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="342">98 36.4–43.2</td>
|
||
<td id="769E5DC7FFF4EB99FB19FA99D843BA05" box="[1226,1284,1340,1362]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="342">39.9</td>
|
||
<td id="769E5DC7FFF4EB99FA82FA99D836BA05" box="[1361,1393,1340,1362]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="342">1.4</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC036F9FFF41462FF14FA33DE93B94C" blockId="4.[151,1437,1430,2034]" pageId="4" pageNumber="342">
|
||
Mouth terminal; upper jaw slightly ahead lower jaw. Premaxillary teeth in two rows, outer with 3 (3), 4* (85) or 5 (10) tricuspid teeth, inner with 5* (97) or 6 (1) tetra- to pentacuspid teeth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13442A7CFFF41462FBB6FA1FD9F7BA84" box="[1125,1200,1466,1491]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1862,1884]" captionTargetBox="[193,1338,670,1812]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,625,1840]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Upper and lower jaws of Moenkhausia lepidura, MZUSP 37458, 70.0 mm SL, medial view of left side. Scale bar 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/267521/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="342">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
). Maxilla extending posteriorly to vertical through anterior margin of eye, with 1 (60) or 2* (38) tricuspid teeth. Dentary with four pentacuspid teeth and a series of 6
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAEBFFF41462FDC4F9A1DF62B94C" box="[535,549,1540,1563]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="342">–</emphasis>
|
||
9 very small conical or tricuspid teeth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC036F9FFF41462FF14F983DE82B835" blockId="4.[151,1437,1430,2034]" pageId="4" pageNumber="342">Pectoral-fin rays i* (98), 12 (10), 13* (67), 14 (19), or 15 (2), their tips not reaching pelvic-fin origin. Pelvicfin rays i, 7* (98), their tips reaching or just anterior to anal-fin origin. Anal-fin rays iv (1) or v (6), 20 (13), 21* (29), 22 (42), 23 (11), 24 (1) or 25 (1); last unbranched and first three or four branched anal-fin rays much longer then remaining rays. Four supraneurals, all rod-shaped, with bony lamellae in upper portion. Dorsal-fin rays ii, 9* (98), first unbranched dorsal-fin ray almost half length of second unbranched ray. Dorsal-fin origin slightly posterior to vertical through pelvic-fin origin; base of last dorsal-fin ray anterior to vertical through anal-fin origin. Adipose-fin origin approximately at vertical through base of 16th to 19th branched anal-fin rays. Caudal-fin rays i* (98), 16 (1), 17* (96), or 18 (2), i* (98). Caudal fin forked; lobes of similar size. Dorsal procurrent caudal-fin rays 11 (3) or 12 (4), ventral procurrent caudal-fin rays 9 (3), 10 (2) or 11 (2).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC036F9FFF41463FF14F8C8DDF2BE33" blockId="4.[151,1437,1430,2034]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,151,356]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="343" pageId="4" pageNumber="342">
|
||
Lateral line completely pored, slightly curved ventrally, with 33 (4), 34 (15), 35* (29), 36 (32), or 37 (5) perforated scales. Scales of anterior portion of predorsal area arranged in pairs, followed by a single median row of scales extending to dorsal-fin origin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13442A7CFFF41462FDEFF810DFC6B899" box="[572,641,1973,1998]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,552,574]" captionTargetBox="[154,1432,193,530]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[154,1432,193,531]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Arrangement of the scales of the predorsal region of Moenkhausia lepidura. MZUSP 76538, 44.4 mm SL." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/267522/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="342">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). Longitudinal scale rows between dorsal-fin origin and lateral line 5* (95); longitudinal scale rows between lateral line and pelvic-fin origin 3(2) or 4* (60). Single row of 5–9 scales overlying base of anteriormost anal-fin rays. Scale rows around caudal peduncle 14* (90). Small scales along first and second third of upper and lower caudal-fin lobes. Vertebrae 33 (5) or 34 (2). Four branchiostegal rays. Gill rakers on first gill arch 8 (4) or 9 (3) on epibranchial, 1 on intermediate cartilage, 9 (3) or 10(4) on ceratobranchial, none (5) or 1 (2) on intermediate cartilage, and 2 (4) or 3 (3) on hypobranchial. Lateral base of gill rackers expanded, forming a small plate with small denticles extending to the posterior portion of the branchial arch (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13442A7CFFF51463FABCFE82DDE0BE33" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1959,1981]" captionTargetBox="[244,1436,790,1937]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,734,1937]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 7. Lateral view of right epibranchial of first branchial arch: A) Moenkhausia lepidura MZUSP 6247, 61.11 mm SL, gill filaments removed, B) M. hasemani MZUSP 91868, 52.0 mm SL. Scale bar 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/267524/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="343">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF006671FFF51463FF44FCB5DD9DBC12" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/267520/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="343" targetBox="[340,1246,410,762]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC036F9FFF51463FF44FCB5DD9DBC12" blockId="5.[151,1436,784,837]" pageId="5" pageNumber="343">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAEBFFF51463FF44FCB5DC53BC71" bold="true" box="[151,276,784,806]" pageId="5" pageNumber="343">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D7AFFF51463FECFFCB5DF44BC71" box="[284,515,784,806]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Moenkhausia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="343" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lepidura">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAEBFFF51463FECFFCB5DF44BC71" box="[284,515,784,806]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="343">Moenkhausia lepidura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, color in life. Rio Madeira at Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil. Not preserved. Photo by L. Sousa.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC036F9FFF51463FF14FCC9D864BA62" blockId="5.[151,1437,876,1585]" pageId="5" pageNumber="343">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAEBFFF51463FF14FCC9DCC8BCD2" bold="true" box="[199,399,876,901]" pageId="5" pageNumber="343">Color in alcohol.</emphasis>
|
||
Overall coloration yellow to brownish (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13442A7CFFF51463FC84FCC9DEE1BCD2" box="[855,934,876,901]" captionStart="FIGURE 1. A" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1965,1987]" captionTargetBox="[168,1411,1129,1937]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[168,1412,1129,1937]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. A) Lectotype of Tetragonopterus lepidurus, NMW 57566, 88.7 mm SL, rio Guaporé, rio Madeira basin, Brazil, B) holotype of Gymnotichthys hildae, MHNL 963, 69.4 mm SL, rio Autana, rio Orinoco basin, Venezuela." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/267518/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="343">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13442A7CFFF51463FC67FCC8DE82BCD2" box="[948,965,877,901]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1665,1687]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,183,1643]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,183,1643]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Color variation of Moenkhausia lepidura, all from Brazil: A) MZUSP 18220, 76.9 mm SL, rio Tapajós basin, Pará, B) MZUSP 37458, 66.6 mm SL, rio Guaporé drainage, rio Madeira basin, Mato Grosso, C) MZUSP 112371, 62.4 mm SL, rio Jufari, rio Negro basin, Amazonas, D) MZUSP 6227, 37.8 mm SL, rio Negro basin, Amazonas." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/267519/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="343">2</figureCitation>
|
||
). Snout, jaws, and top of head with small dark chromatophores; infraorbitals and opercular areas with larger dark chromatophores. Dorsal portion of body dark. First three dorsal horizontal scale rows on body with slightly reticulated pattern, formed by scales bordered by dark pigment. Humeral spot small, vertically over two scale rows above lateral line, sometimes also over lateral line, and horizontally over second and third lateral-line scales. Dark line at horizontal septum, extending from humeral spot to middle caudal peduncle. Broad longitudinal dark band extending approximately from vertical to dorsal-fin origin to caudal-fin base, sometimes becoming a rounded faint blotch at caudal peduncle. Frequently, superficial pigmentation spread over longitudinal band, more concentrated at vertical through fifth to sixth lateralline scales, gradually becoming fainter towards caudal peduncle, extending vertically over two scale rows. Upper caudal-fin lobe and middle caudal-fin rays with continuous black mark, contrasting with whitish rounded area dorsally on anterior third of caudal-fin lobe; frequently, darker pigmentation limiting whitish area (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13442A7CFFF51463FB26FB71D87DBBBA" box="[1269,1338,1236,1261]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1665,1687]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,183,1643]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,183,1643]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Color variation of Moenkhausia lepidura, all from Brazil: A) MZUSP 18220, 76.9 mm SL, rio Tapajós basin, Pará, B) MZUSP 37458, 66.6 mm SL, rio Guaporé drainage, rio Madeira basin, Mato Grosso, C) MZUSP 112371, 62.4 mm SL, rio Jufari, rio Negro basin, Amazonas, D) MZUSP 6227, 37.8 mm SL, rio Negro basin, Amazonas." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/267519/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="343">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
a). Some specimens with caudal-fin black mark restricted to ventral portion of upper lobe and middle rays (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13442A7CFFF51463FAE5FB5DD838BA46" box="[1334,1407,1272,1297]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1665,1687]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,183,1643]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,183,1643]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Color variation of Moenkhausia lepidura, all from Brazil: A) MZUSP 18220, 76.9 mm SL, rio Tapajós basin, Pará, B) MZUSP 37458, 66.6 mm SL, rio Guaporé drainage, rio Madeira basin, Mato Grosso, C) MZUSP 112371, 62.4 mm SL, rio Jufari, rio Negro basin, Amazonas, D) MZUSP 6227, 37.8 mm SL, rio Negro basin, Amazonas." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/267519/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="343">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
b). Pectoral, pelvic, dorsal, anal, adipose fin and lower caudal-fin lobe with scattered dark chromatophores.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC036F9FFF51463FF14FAE5D810BAF6" blockId="5.[151,1437,876,1585]" pageId="5" pageNumber="343">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAEBFFF51463FF14FAE5DC26BA0E" bold="true" box="[199,353,1344,1369]" pageId="5" pageNumber="343">Color in life.</emphasis>
|
||
Based on photographs of freshly collected specimens (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13442A7CFFF51463FC09FAE5D967BA0E" box="[986,1056,1344,1369]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,784,806]" captionTargetBox="[340,1246,410,762]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[340,1247,410,763]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Moenkhausia lepidura, color in life. Rio Madeira at Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil. Not preserved. Photo by L. Sousa." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/267520/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="343">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). Overall coloration silvery. Eye, dorsal and adipose fin orange. Pectoral, pelvic, anal fins, and lower caudal-fin lobe hyaline. Middle caudal-fin rays and distal portion of upper caudal-fin lobe black, proximal portion of upper lobe varying from yellow to red.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC036F9FFF51463FF14FA09DCA1BABE" blockId="5.[151,1437,876,1585]" pageId="5" pageNumber="343">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAEBFFF51463FF14FA09DCFDBA92" bold="true" box="[199,442,1452,1477]" pageId="5" pageNumber="343">Sexual dimorphism.</emphasis>
|
||
Tiny bony spines distributed on distal portion of first seven pelvic-, and five longest anal-fin rays of mature males.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3656572FFF51463FF14FA51D83CB966" pageId="5" pageNumber="343" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC036F9FFF51463FF14FA51D83CB966" blockId="5.[151,1437,876,1585]" pageId="5" pageNumber="343">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAEBFFF51463FF14FA51DC27B95A" bold="true" box="[199,352,1524,1549]" pageId="5" pageNumber="343">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D7AFFF51463FEB4FA51DF22B95A" box="[359,613,1524,1549]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Moenkhausia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="343" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lepidura">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAEBFFF51463FEB4FA51DF22B95A" box="[359,613,1524,1549]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="343">Moenkhausia lepidura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distributed in Amazonas lowlands, including rios Tocantins-Araguaia, Madeira, Negro and lower portions of the Tapajós and Trombetas. It is also distributed in the rio Orinoco basin.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |