863 lines
134 KiB
XML
863 lines
134 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="0E99DD3A310AC517FF37C318697ACD9A">Redescription of Alitta succinea (Leuckart, 1847) and reinstatement of A. acutifolia (Ehlers, 1901) n. comb. based upon morphological and molecular data (Polychaeta: Nereididae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="1D6BE3DCB337B60B4CED22A858F89FAA">Villalobos-Guerrero, Tulio F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="927891150059B9CB7B7D2A2AD9E18812">Carrera-Parra, Luis F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="56167BF13096662C7AA01DABE18C79F4">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="E66643942B5274AF166B65662446F603">2015</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03D687AAFF91EF0DFF73FD857E3C65EB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4631769" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119596488" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4631769" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D687AAFF91EF0DFF73FD857E3C65EB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D687AAFF91EF0DFF73FD857E3C65EB" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="167" pageId="4" pageNumber="161">
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<paragraph id="8BC036BCFF91EF03FF73FD857F34665D" blockId="4.[151,545,547,607]" box="[151,545,547,574]" pageId="4" pageNumber="161">
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<heading id="D08881D0FF91EF03FF73FD857F34665D" bold="true" box="[151,545,547,574]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="161" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D3FFF91EF03FF73FD857F34665D" ID-CoL="BSN6" authority="Leuckart, 1847" authorityName="Leuckart" authorityYear="1847" box="[151,545,547,574]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Alitta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="4" pageNumber="161" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="succinea">
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<emphasis id="B90BEAAEFF91EF03FF73FD857F34665D" bold="true" box="[151,545,547,574]" pageId="4" pageNumber="161">
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<emphasis id="B90BEAAEFF91EF03FF73FD857C5F665E" bold="true" box="[151,330,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="161">Alitta succinea</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B4DFF91EF03FEBEFD827F0C665D" author="Leuckart" box="[346,537,548,574]" pageId="4" pageNumber="161" refString="Leuckart, R. S. (1847) Verzeichnis der zur Fauna Helgoland's gehorenden wirbellosen Seethiere. In: Frey, H. & Leuckart, R. S. (Eds.), Beitrage zur Kenntnis Wirbelloser Thiere mit Besonderer Berucksichtigung der Fauna des Norddeutschen Meeres. Friedrich Vieweg und sohn, Braunschweig, pp. 136 - 168." type="book chapter" year="1847">Leuckart, 1847</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC036BCFF91EF03FF73FDE07C46663C" blockId="4.[151,545,547,607]" box="[151,339,582,607]" pageId="4" pageNumber="161">
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<figureCitation id="13442A39FF91EF03FF73FDE07DE9663C" box="[151,252,582,607]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1821,1843]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1799]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1799]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. Prostomial and pharyngeal structures of atokous specimens. Alitta succinea (ECOSUR-P 2729): A, dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, lateral view. Alitta acutifolia without paragnaths on plate-like basement (ECOSUR-P 2734): D, dorsal view; E, ventral view; F, lateral view. Alitta acutifolia with paragnaths on plate-like basement (ECOSUR-P 2734): G, dorsal view; H, ventral view; I, lateral view. Arrows show the triangular fleshly pads between regions VI and VII − VIII; without paragnaths in A. succinea. Scale bars: A − C: 1 mm; D − I: 0.5 mm. cn, conical paragnath; pb, pointed bar paragnath; pp, pyramidal paragnath." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245186/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="161">Figures 1</figureCitation>
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A −C, 2
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3656537FF91EF03FF73FD367E76677C" pageId="4" pageNumber="161" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BC036BCFF91EF03FF73FD367F8E66A0" blockId="4.[151,1436,654,799]" pageId="4" pageNumber="161">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D3FFF91EF03FF73FD367F1966C7" ID-CoL="748QV" authority="Leuckart, 1847: 154" authorityName="Leuckart" authorityPageNumber="154" authorityYear="1847" box="[151,524,654,677]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="4" pageNumber="161" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="succinea">
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<emphasis id="B90BEAAEFF91EF03FF73FD367C2D66C6" box="[151,312,656,677]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="161">Nereis succinea</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0ADE10ADFF91EF03FEDAFD287F1966C7" author="Leuckart" box="[318,524,654,676]" page="154" pageId="4" pageNumber="161" year="1847">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B4DFF91EF03FEDAFD287CCE66C7" author="Leuckart" box="[318,475,654,676]" pageId="4" pageNumber="161" refString="Leuckart, R. S. (1847) Verzeichnis der zur Fauna Helgoland's gehorenden wirbellosen Seethiere. In: Frey, H. & Leuckart, R. S. (Eds.), Beitrage zur Kenntnis Wirbelloser Thiere mit Besonderer Berucksichtigung der Fauna des Norddeutschen Meeres. Friedrich Vieweg und sohn, Braunschweig, pp. 136 - 168." type="book chapter" year="1847">Leuckart, 1847</bibRefCitation>
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: 154
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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−156, Pl. 2, Figs. 9, 11;
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<treatmentCitation id="0ADE10ADFF91EF03FCE4FD287EA566C7" author="Ehlers" box="[768,944,654,676]" page="570" pageId="4" pageNumber="161" year="1868">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B4DFF91EF03FCE4FD287E6866C7" author="Ehlers" box="[768,893,654,676]" pageId="4" pageNumber="161" refString="Ehlers, E. (1868) Die Borstenwurmer (Annelida Chaetopoda) nach Systematischen und Anatomischen Untersuchungen. Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, xx + 269, 269 - 748, 24 taf." type="journal article" year="1868">Ehlers 1868</bibRefCitation>
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: 570
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</treatmentCitation>
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−572, Pl. 22, Figs. 18−22;
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<treatmentCitation id="0ADE10ADFF91EF03FB5AFD28787C66C7" author="Heinen" box="[1214,1385,654,676]" page="60" pageId="4" pageNumber="161" year="1911">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B4DFF91EF03FB5AFD28785666C7" author="Heinen" box="[1214,1347,654,676]" pageId="4" pageNumber="161" refString="Heinen, A (1911) Die Nephthydeen und Lycorideen der Nord- und Ostsee, einschliesslich der verbindenden Meeresteile. Wissenschaftliche Meeresuntersuchungen, Kiel, Series neue folge, 13, 1 - 87." type="journal article" year="1911">Heinen 1911</bibRefCitation>
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: 60
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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, Fig. 21;
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<treatmentCitation id="0ADE10ADFF91EF03FF09FD0B7CBB66A0" author="Gillandt" box="[237,430,685,707]" page="43" pageId="4" pageNumber="161" year="1979">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B4DFF91EF03FF09FD0B7C9D66A0" author="Gillandt" box="[237,392,685,707]" pageId="4" pageNumber="161" refString="Gillandt, L. (1979 a) Zur Systematik, Autokologie und Biologie der Polychaeten des Helgolander Felslitorals. Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen zoologischen Museum und Institut, 76, 19 - 73." type="journal article" year="1979" yearSuffix="a">Gillandt 1979a</bibRefCitation>
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: 43
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</treatmentCitation>
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, 1979b: 23, 25, table 1.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BC036BCFF91EF03FF73FD6B7EC76681" blockId="4.[151,1436,654,799]" box="[151,978,716,738]" pageId="4" pageNumber="161">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB6F1192FF91EF03FF73FD6B7EC76681" box="[151,978,716,738]" pageId="4" pageNumber="161">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D3FFF91EF03FF73FD6B7FFC6681" ID-CoL="748QV" authority="Hartmann-Schroder 1996: 207" authorityName="Hartmann-Schroder" authorityPageNumber="207" authorityYear="1996" box="[151,745,716,738]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="4" pageNumber="161" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="succinea" subGenus="Neanthes">
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||
<emphasis id="B90BEAAEFF91EF03FF73FD6B7DCD6681" box="[151,216,717,738]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="161">Nereis</emphasis>
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(
|
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<emphasis id="B90BEAAEFF91EF03FF03FD6A7C506681" box="[231,325,716,738]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="161">Neanthes</emphasis>
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||
)
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<emphasis id="B90BEAAEFF91EF03FEB0FD6B7CB86681" box="[340,429,717,738]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="161">succinea</emphasis>
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0ADE10ADFF91EF03FE57FD6A7FFC6681" author="Hartmann-Schroder" box="[435,745,716,738]" page="207" pageId="4" pageNumber="161" year="1996">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B4DFF91EF03FE57FD6A7FAD6681" author="Hartmann-Schroder" box="[435,696,716,738]" pageId="4" pageNumber="161" refString="Hartmann-Schroder, G. (1996) Annelida, Borstenwurmer, Polychaeta. Gustav Fischer, Jena, 648 pp. [Germany]" type="book" year="1996">Hartmann-Schröder 1996</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 207
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
−209, Fig. 90 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAAEFF91EF03FC9BFD6B7ED76681" box="[895,962,717,738]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="161">partim</emphasis>
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||
).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BC036BCFF91EF03FF73FD4C7FFE6763" blockId="4.[151,1436,654,799]" box="[151,747,746,768]" pageId="4" pageNumber="161">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB6F1192FF91EF03FF73FD4C7FFE6763" box="[151,747,746,768]" pageId="4" pageNumber="161">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D3FFF91EF03FF73FD4C7F426763" ID-CoL="BSN6" authority="Bakken & Wilson 2005: 516" authorityName="Bakken & Wilson" authorityPageNumber="516" authorityYear="2005" box="[151,599,746,768]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Alitta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="4" pageNumber="161" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="succinea">
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<emphasis id="B90BEAAEFF91EF03FF73FD4C7C3B6763" box="[151,302,746,768]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="161">Alitta succinea</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0ADE10ADFF91EF03FED0FD4C7F426763" author="Bakken" box="[308,599,746,768]" page="516" pageId="4" pageNumber="161" year="2005">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B4DFF91EF03FED0FD4C7F336763" author="Bakken" box="[308,550,746,768]" pageId="4" pageNumber="161" refString="Bakken, T. & Wilson, R. S. (2005) Phylogeny of nereidids (Polychaeta, Nereididae) with paragnaths. Zoologica Scripta, 34, 507 - 547. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.2005.00200. x" type="journal article" year="2005">Bakken & Wilson 2005</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 516
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||
</treatmentCitation>
|
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</taxonomicName>
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||
−517 (
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||
<emphasis id="B90BEAAEFF91EF03FD7DFD4D7FC86763" box="[665,733,747,768]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="161">partim</emphasis>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC036BCFF91EF03FF73FCAF7E76677C" blockId="4.[151,1436,654,799]" box="[151,867,777,799]" pageId="4" pageNumber="161">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB6F1192FF91EF03FF73FCAF7E76677C" box="[151,867,777,799]" pageId="4" pageNumber="161">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D3FFF91EF03FF73FCAF7CF2677C" ID-CoL="45Y65" authority="Sato 2013: 35" authorityName="Sato" authorityPageNumber="35" authorityYear="2013" box="[151,487,777,799]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Neanthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="4" pageNumber="161" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="succinea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAAEFF91EF03FF73FCAF7C41677C" box="[151,340,777,799]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="161">Neanthes succinea</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ADE10ADFF91EF03FEBEFCAF7CF2677C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4742641" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4742641" author="Sato" box="[346,487,777,799]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A8316DFFE9C826F1D0CC28F417FEED" page="35" pageId="4" pageNumber="161" year="2013">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B4DFF91EF03FEBEFCAF7CD6677C" author="Sato" box="[346,451,777,799]" pageId="4" pageNumber="161" refString="Sato, M. (2013) Resurrection of the genus Nectoneanthes Imajima, 1972 (Nereididae: Polychaeta), with redescription of Nectoneanthes oxypoda (Marenzeller, 1879) and description of a new species, comparing them to Neanthes succinea (Leuckart, 1847). Journal of Natural History, 47, 1 - 50." type="journal article" year="2013">Sato 2013</bibRefCitation>
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: 35
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||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
−42,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13442A39FF91EF03FDFFFCAF7F4B677C" box="[539,606,777,799]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1822,1844]" captionTargetBox="[174,1398,193,1778]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[174,1398,193,1780]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 3. Parapodial structures of Alitta acutifolia (Ehlers, 1901). Atokous specimen from Puntarenas, Costa Rica (ECOSUR-OH-P 710): A, chaetiger 1, AV; B, chaetiger 3, AV; C, chaetiger 10, AV; D, chaetiger 37, AV; E, chaetiger 54, AV; F, chaetiger 59, AV; G) heterogomph falciger, lower fascicle, chaetiger 3; H) heterogomph spiniger, chaetiger 54; I) notopodial homogomph spiniger, chaetiger 10. Epitokous male from Mazatlán, Sinaloa (ECOSUR-P 2733): J, paddle chaetae, chaetiger 15; K, same chaetiger, AV. Epitokous female from Mazatlán, Sinaloa (ECOSUR-P 2733): L, chaetiger 10, AV. White arrows in “ D, L ”, tip of neuropodial postchaetal lobe; grey arrow in “ L ”, rounded papilla-like in the basis of median ligule. Scale bars: A − F, K, L: 200 µm; G − J: 20 µm. AV, anterior view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245188/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="161">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
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||
D–F, 4B, 15–17 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAAEFF91EF03FCF4FCAC7E46677C" box="[784,851,778,799]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="161">partim</emphasis>
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).
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</paragraph>
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||
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<paragraph id="8BC036BCFF91EF03FF73FCEA793D67EB" blockId="4.[151,1436,844,2020]" pageId="4" pageNumber="161">
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<emphasis id="B90BEAAEFF91EF03FF73FCEA7F7F6706" bold="true" box="[151,618,844,869]" pageId="4" pageNumber="161">
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<typeStatus id="54C4881EFF91EF03FF73FCEA7DC76706" box="[151,210,844,869]" pageId="4" pageNumber="161">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
material. North Sea,
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<collectingCountry id="F368762CFF91EF03FE17FCEA7F706706" box="[499,613,844,869]" name="Germany" pageId="4" pageNumber="161">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C4881EFF91EF03FD9EFCEB7FFF6706" box="[634,746,845,869]" pageId="4" pageNumber="161" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6EAE79FF91EF03FCE5FCEA7E546707" box="[769,833,844,868]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kdnf-0379" name="Zoologisches Museum Hamburg" pageId="4" pageNumber="161">ZMH</collectionCode>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6EAE79FF91EF03FCB4FCEA7E7C6706" box="[848,873,844,869]" pageId="4" pageNumber="161">P-</collectionCode>
|
||
25975) and one
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C4881EFF91EF03FBD3FCEA79DB6706" box="[1079,1230,844,869]" pageId="4" pageNumber="161" type="paralectotype">paralectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6EAE79FF91EF03FB00FCEA78316707" box="[1252,1316,844,868]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kdnf-0379" name="Zoologisches Museum Hamburg" pageId="4" pageNumber="161">ZMH</collectionCode>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6EAE79FF91EF03FAD0FCEA78586706" box="[1332,1357,844,869]" pageId="4" pageNumber="161">P-</collectionCode>
|
||
25976) designated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B4DFF91EF03FEDDFCD67CAB67EB" author="Sato" box="[313,446,880,904]" pageId="4" pageNumber="161" refString="Sato, M. (2013) Resurrection of the genus Nectoneanthes Imajima, 1972 (Nereididae: Polychaeta), with redescription of Nectoneanthes oxypoda (Marenzeller, 1879) and description of a new species, comparing them to Neanthes succinea (Leuckart, 1847). Journal of Natural History, 47, 1 - 50." type="journal article" year="2013">Sato (2013)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, both incomplete, damaged,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F368762CFF91EF03FCE5FCC97E6367EB" box="[769,886,879,904]" name="Germany" pageId="4" pageNumber="161">Helgoland</collectingCountry>
|
||
(no more data).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC036BCFF91EF03FF23FC327E10607B" blockId="4.[151,1436,844,2020]" pageId="4" pageNumber="161">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAAEFF91EF03FF23FC327FD367CE" bold="true" box="[199,710,916,941]" pageId="4" pageNumber="161">
|
||
Topotype material. North Sea,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F368762CFF91EF03FDABFC327FD467CE" box="[591,705,916,941]" name="Germany" pageId="4" pageNumber="161">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
ECOSUR-P2729,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D79FD35FF91EF03FC43FC32795267CE" box="[935,1095,916,941]" pageId="4" pageNumber="161" type="generic">30 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
, off Dornumersiel,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE4B507BFF91EF03FAD0FC32788267CE" box="[1332,1431,916,941]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="161" precision="925" value="53.7">53°42’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE4B507BFF91EF03FF73FC1E7DE267B3" box="[151,247,952,976]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="161" precision="925" value="7.4666667">07°28’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFC1107CFF91EF03FEE2FC1E7C9D67B3" box="[262,392,952,976]" pageId="4" pageNumber="161" value="2008" valueMax="2013">2008−2013</date>
|
||
, oyster
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D3FFF91EF03FE02FC1E7FA667AC" box="[486,691,952,975]" class="Bivalvia" family="Ostreidae" genus="Crassostrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ostreoida" pageId="4" pageNumber="161" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gigas">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAAEFF91EF03FE02FC1E7FA667AC" box="[486,691,952,975]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="161">Crassostrea gigas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
reef. ECOSUR-OH-P734-P741,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D79FD35FF91EF03FBD6FC1E79D767B3" box="[1074,1218,951,976]" pageId="4" pageNumber="161" type="generic">8 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
, off Dornumersiel,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE4B507BFF91EF03FF73FC7A7DEF6796" box="[151,250,988,1013]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="161" precision="925" value="53.7">53°42’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE4B507BFF91EF03FEEEFC7A7C7F6797" box="[266,362,988,1012]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="161" precision="925" value="7.4666667">07°28’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFC1107CFF91EF03FE9DFC7A7CEE6797" box="[377,507,988,1012]" pageId="4" pageNumber="161" value="2008" valueMax="2013">2008−2013</date>
|
||
, oyster
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D3FFF91EF03FDBFFC7A7E3C6797" box="[603,809,988,1012]" class="Bivalvia" family="Ostreidae" genus="Crassostrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ostreoida" pageId="4" pageNumber="161" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gigas">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAAEFF91EF03FDBFFC7A7E3C6797" box="[603,809,988,1012]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="161">Crassostrea gigas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
reef. ECOSUR-P2730,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D79FD35FF91EF03FBA7FC7A79C16796" box="[1091,1236,988,1013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="161" type="generic">4 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
, NWO Terminal, Jade, Wilhelmshaven,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE4B507BFF91EF03FE77FC597F36607B" box="[403,547,1023,1048]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="161" precision="15" value="53.5575">53°33’27’’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE4B507BFF91EF03FDCBFC597FAE607B" box="[559,699,1023,1048]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="161" precision="15" value="8.162499">08°09’45’’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 2011.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC036BCFF91EF03FF23FB8279C960E6" blockId="4.[151,1436,844,2020]" pageId="4" pageNumber="161">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAAEFF91EF03FF23FB827830605E" bold="true" box="[199,1317,1060,1085]" pageId="4" pageNumber="161">
|
||
Re-description based on atokous
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C4881EFF91EF03FDB5FB827FA9605E" box="[593,700,1060,1085]" pageId="4" pageNumber="161" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(variations for specimens indicated in parentheses).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C4881EFF91EF03FAC8FB837889605E" box="[1324,1436,1061,1085]" pageId="4" pageNumber="161" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
incomplete, with 67 chaetigers (n= 12, µ= 99.0±7.2, ran: 80–119); TL=
|
||
<quantity id="4C879B59FF91EF03FC52FBE17911603C" box="[950,1028,1095,1120]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="161" unit="mm" value="50.0">50 mm</quantity>
|
||
(n= 12, µ= 67.6±14.5, ran: 32−115), L15=
|
||
<quantity id="4C879B59FF91EF03FF3FFBCA7C3F60E7" box="[219,298,1132,1156]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="4" pageNumber="161" unit="mm" value="17.0">17 mm</quantity>
|
||
(n= 43, µ= 14.7±1.2, ran: 6.5−24), W15=
|
||
<quantity id="4C879B59FF91EF03FCE1FBCA7E4E60E7" box="[773,859,1132,1157]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="161" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
(n= 43, µ= 2.9±0.3, ran: 1.0−5.0).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC036BCFF91EF03FF23FB297EFB61AB" blockId="4.[151,1436,844,2020]" pageId="4" pageNumber="161">
|
||
Prostomium anteriorly complete (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13442A39FF91EF03FDDBFB297F6B60CB" box="[575,638,1167,1192]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1821,1843]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1799]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1799]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. Prostomial and pharyngeal structures of atokous specimens. Alitta succinea (ECOSUR-P 2729): A, dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, lateral view. Alitta acutifolia without paragnaths on plate-like basement (ECOSUR-P 2734): D, dorsal view; E, ventral view; F, lateral view. Alitta acutifolia with paragnaths on plate-like basement (ECOSUR-P 2734): G, dorsal view; H, ventral view; I, lateral view. Arrows show the triangular fleshly pads between regions VI and VII − VIII; without paragnaths in A. succinea. Scale bars: A − C: 1 mm; D − I: 0.5 mm. cn, conical paragnath; pb, pointed bar paragnath; pp, pyramidal paragnath." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245186/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="161">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
A), 1.4 times wider than long (µ= 1.2, ran: 0.8−1.4); mid-dorsal groove present. Palpophores suboval, as long as wide (usually slightly wider than long, µ= 1.2 times, ran: 0.9−1.5), 0.7 times width of prostomium (µ= 0.8, ran: 0.6−1.0). Antennae close together, short, conical, not exceeding palp tips (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13442A39FF91EF03FF7BFB5A7DCB6177" box="[159,222,1276,1301]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1821,1843]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1799]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1799]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. Prostomial and pharyngeal structures of atokous specimens. Alitta succinea (ECOSUR-P 2729): A, dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, lateral view. Alitta acutifolia without paragnaths on plate-like basement (ECOSUR-P 2734): D, dorsal view; E, ventral view; F, lateral view. Alitta acutifolia with paragnaths on plate-like basement (ECOSUR-P 2734): G, dorsal view; H, ventral view; I, lateral view. Arrows show the triangular fleshly pads between regions VI and VII − VIII; without paragnaths in A. succinea. Scale bars: A − C: 1 mm; D − I: 0.5 mm. cn, conical paragnath; pb, pointed bar paragnath; pp, pyramidal paragnath." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245186/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="161">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
A); extended posteriorly, reaching one-third of prostomium (µ= 0.3; ran: 0.2−0.4). Two pairs of eyes, similar sized, medium, dark, rounded (anterior pair occasionally reniform). Upper peristomial cirri reaching chaetiger 2 (n= 38, µ= 3.0±0.3, ran: 2−5); lower peristomial cirri reaching palp tips (occasionally shorter). Upper tentacular cirri reaching chaetiger 4 (n= 38, µ= 5.4±0.4, ran: 2−8); lower tentacular cirri one-half length of prostomium (rarely shorter). Cirrophores of upper tentacular cirri 1.5 (1.5−2.0) times longer than those of upper peristomial cirri. Apodous segment 1.5 (1.5−2.0) times larger than length of chaetiger 1.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC036BCFF91EF03FF23FA727CB963FF" blockId="4.[151,1436,844,2020]" pageId="4" pageNumber="161">
|
||
Pharynx with yellow amber jaws, teeth broken, 5 complete (n= 39, µ= 9.3±0.3, ran: 8−11). Paragnaths all conical, except some pyramidal in VII −VIII. Paragnaths without plate-like basement. Maxillary ring: I= 3 (n= 42, µ= 3.3±0.4, ran: 1−9), in a longitudinal line (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13442A39FF91EF03FD6DF9BA7FDD6257" box="[649,712,1564,1589]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1821,1843]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1799]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1799]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. Prostomial and pharyngeal structures of atokous specimens. Alitta succinea (ECOSUR-P 2729): A, dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, lateral view. Alitta acutifolia without paragnaths on plate-like basement (ECOSUR-P 2734): D, dorsal view; E, ventral view; F, lateral view. Alitta acutifolia with paragnaths on plate-like basement (ECOSUR-P 2734): G, dorsal view; H, ventral view; I, lateral view. Arrows show the triangular fleshly pads between regions VI and VII − VIII; without paragnaths in A. succinea. Scale bars: A − C: 1 mm; D − I: 0.5 mm. cn, conical paragnath; pb, pointed bar paragnath; pp, pyramidal paragnath." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245186/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="161">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
A); IIa= 20 (n= 42, µ= 20.0±1.2, ran: 12−29), IIb= 21 (n= 42, µ= 20.7±1.2, ran: 11−29), two or three irregular curved rows with small-slender and large-coarse cones, the latter anteriorly placed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13442A39FF91EF03FE83F9C27CBD621F" box="[359,424,1636,1661]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1821,1843]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1799]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1799]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. Prostomial and pharyngeal structures of atokous specimens. Alitta succinea (ECOSUR-P 2729): A, dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, lateral view. Alitta acutifolia without paragnaths on plate-like basement (ECOSUR-P 2734): D, dorsal view; E, ventral view; F, lateral view. Alitta acutifolia with paragnaths on plate-like basement (ECOSUR-P 2734): G, dorsal view; H, ventral view; I, lateral view. Arrows show the triangular fleshly pads between regions VI and VII − VIII; without paragnaths in A. succinea. Scale bars: A − C: 1 mm; D − I: 0.5 mm. cn, conical paragnath; pb, pointed bar paragnath; pp, pyramidal paragnath." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245186/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="161">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
A); III= 35 (n= 42, µ= 34.5±1.8, ran: 16−43), four irregular rows in a rectangular group (sometimes three irregular rows forming a trapezoid;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13442A39FF91EF03FD0BF9217E3862C3" box="[751,813,1671,1696]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1821,1843]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1799]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1799]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. Prostomial and pharyngeal structures of atokous specimens. Alitta succinea (ECOSUR-P 2729): A, dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, lateral view. Alitta acutifolia without paragnaths on plate-like basement (ECOSUR-P 2734): D, dorsal view; E, ventral view; F, lateral view. Alitta acutifolia with paragnaths on plate-like basement (ECOSUR-P 2734): G, dorsal view; H, ventral view; I, lateral view. Arrows show the triangular fleshly pads between regions VI and VII − VIII; without paragnaths in A. succinea. Scale bars: A − C: 1 mm; D − I: 0.5 mm. cn, conical paragnath; pb, pointed bar paragnath; pp, pyramidal paragnath." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245186/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="161">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
B); IVa= 28 (n= 42, µ= 23.4±1.2, ran: 16−34), IVb= 29 (n= 42, µ= 23.9±1.1, ran: 18−34), crescent-shaped, tapering anteriorly (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13442A39FF91EF03FC2AF90A791A62A7" box="[974,1039,1708,1733]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1821,1843]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1799]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1799]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. Prostomial and pharyngeal structures of atokous specimens. Alitta succinea (ECOSUR-P 2729): A, dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, lateral view. Alitta acutifolia without paragnaths on plate-like basement (ECOSUR-P 2734): D, dorsal view; E, ventral view; F, lateral view. Alitta acutifolia with paragnaths on plate-like basement (ECOSUR-P 2734): G, dorsal view; H, ventral view; I, lateral view. Arrows show the triangular fleshly pads between regions VI and VII − VIII; without paragnaths in A. succinea. Scale bars: A − C: 1 mm; D − I: 0.5 mm. cn, conical paragnath; pb, pointed bar paragnath; pp, pyramidal paragnath." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245186/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="161">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
B, C). Oral ring: V= 0 (n= 42, µ= 2.0±0.3, ran: 0−4), when present, two longitudinal or transversal cones (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13442A39FF91EF03FC5FF9697EEC628B" box="[955,1017,1743,1768]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1821,1843]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1799]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1799]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. Prostomial and pharyngeal structures of atokous specimens. Alitta succinea (ECOSUR-P 2729): A, dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, lateral view. Alitta acutifolia without paragnaths on plate-like basement (ECOSUR-P 2734): D, dorsal view; E, ventral view; F, lateral view. Alitta acutifolia with paragnaths on plate-like basement (ECOSUR-P 2734): G, dorsal view; H, ventral view; I, lateral view. Arrows show the triangular fleshly pads between regions VI and VII − VIII; without paragnaths in A. succinea. Scale bars: A − C: 1 mm; D − I: 0.5 mm. cn, conical paragnath; pb, pointed bar paragnath; pp, pyramidal paragnath." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245186/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="161">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
A), or three cones forming a triangle; VIa= 9 (n= 41, µ= 8.2±0.5, ran: 5−13), VIb= 9 (n= 41, µ= 8.5±0.7, ran: 6−18), arranged in circular group with concentric cone (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13442A39FF91EF03FEBEF8B17C8E6353" box="[346,411,1815,1840]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1821,1843]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1799]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1799]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. Prostomial and pharyngeal structures of atokous specimens. Alitta succinea (ECOSUR-P 2729): A, dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, lateral view. Alitta acutifolia without paragnaths on plate-like basement (ECOSUR-P 2734): D, dorsal view; E, ventral view; F, lateral view. Alitta acutifolia with paragnaths on plate-like basement (ECOSUR-P 2734): G, dorsal view; H, ventral view; I, lateral view. Arrows show the triangular fleshly pads between regions VI and VII − VIII; without paragnaths in A. succinea. Scale bars: A − C: 1 mm; D − I: 0.5 mm. cn, conical paragnath; pb, pointed bar paragnath; pp, pyramidal paragnath." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245186/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="161">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
A); VII −VIII= 51 (n= 42, µ= 52.6±1.8, ran: 41−66), two rows with cones and pyramidal, anterior row continuous with alternating combination of cones and pyramidal, posterior row discontinuous, not interspersed, most posterior paragnaths very small (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13442A39FF91EF03FD14F8F97E26631B" box="[752,819,1887,1912]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1821,1843]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1799]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1799]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. Prostomial and pharyngeal structures of atokous specimens. Alitta succinea (ECOSUR-P 2729): A, dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, lateral view. Alitta acutifolia without paragnaths on plate-like basement (ECOSUR-P 2734): D, dorsal view; E, ventral view; F, lateral view. Alitta acutifolia with paragnaths on plate-like basement (ECOSUR-P 2734): G, dorsal view; H, ventral view; I, lateral view. Arrows show the triangular fleshly pads between regions VI and VII − VIII; without paragnaths in A. succinea. Scale bars: A − C: 1 mm; D − I: 0.5 mm. cn, conical paragnath; pb, pointed bar paragnath; pp, pyramidal paragnath." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245186/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="161">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
B). Bare space between VI and VII −VIII as wide as palpophore (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13442A39FF91EF03FEC0F8227C7763FF" box="[292,354,1924,1949]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1821,1843]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1799]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1799]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. Prostomial and pharyngeal structures of atokous specimens. Alitta succinea (ECOSUR-P 2729): A, dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, lateral view. Alitta acutifolia without paragnaths on plate-like basement (ECOSUR-P 2734): D, dorsal view; E, ventral view; F, lateral view. Alitta acutifolia with paragnaths on plate-like basement (ECOSUR-P 2734): G, dorsal view; H, ventral view; I, lateral view. Arrows show the triangular fleshly pads between regions VI and VII − VIII; without paragnaths in A. succinea. Scale bars: A − C: 1 mm; D − I: 0.5 mm. cn, conical paragnath; pb, pointed bar paragnath; pp, pyramidal paragnath." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245186/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="161">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
A, C).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC036BCFF91EF02FF23F80E7E06657F" blockId="4.[151,1436,844,2020]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,151,2035]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="162" pageId="4" pageNumber="161">
|
||
Biramous parapodia, except chaetigers 1 and 2, sub-biramous. Chaetigers 1 and 2 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13442A39FF91EF03FB8BF80E79A763A3" box="[1135,1202,1960,1985]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1723,1745]" captionTargetBox="[239,1322,193,1667]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[239,1322,193,1668]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Parapodial structures of atokous and epitokous of Alitta succinea (Leuckart, 1847) from Western Germany. Atokous (ECOSUR-P 2729): A, chaetiger 1, AV; B, chaetiger 3, AV; C, chaetiger 10, AV; D, chaetiger 54, AV; E, chaetiger 84, AV; F, chaetiger 95, AV; G, heterogomph falciger, upper fascicle, chaetiger 54; H, heterogomph falciger, lower fascicle, chaetiger 54; I, heterogomph spiniger, chaetiger 10. Epitokous male (ECOSUR-OH-P 740): J, chaetiger 15, AV. Epitokous female (ECOSUR-OH-P 2729): K, chaetiger 16, AV. Arrows in “ D, E, K ”, tip of neuropodial postchaetal lobe. Scale bars: A − F, J, K: 200 µm; G − I: 20 µm. AL, neuroacicular ligule; DC, dorsal cirrus; DL, dorsal ligule; DLu, upper lamella of dorsal ligule; DLl, lower lamella of dorsal ligule; Gl, glandular structures; IL, inferior lobe; ML, median ligule (or notopodial ventral ligule); NoA, notoaciculae; NeA, neuroaciculae; Prl, notopodial prechaetal lobe; Ptl, neuropodial postchaetal lobe; Spm, sperm; VC, ventral cirrus; VCu, upper lamella of ventral cirrus; VCl, lower lamella of ventral cirrus; VL, ventral ligule. AV, anterior view (text in leyend)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245187/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="161">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
A) with dorsal cirrus nearly as long as dorsal ligule, basally attached. Dorsal ligule conical, slightly longer and wider, and 1.5 (1.5−1.8) times thicker than conical ventral ligule. Neuracicular ligule small, one-quarter length of ventral ligule. Neuropodial postchaetal lobe conical, large (even well developed in shortest specimens), nearly as long, wide, and slender as ventral ligule. Neuropodial inferior lobe tapered, small, thick, one-half length of neuropodial postchaetal lobe. Ventral cirrus three-quarter length of ventral ligule.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC036BCFF90EF02FF23FE807DCA66AB" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="5" pageNumber="162">
|
||
Anterior chaetigers (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13442A39FF90EF02FE57FE807CEF655C" box="[435,506,294,319]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1723,1745]" captionTargetBox="[239,1322,193,1667]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[239,1322,193,1668]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Parapodial structures of atokous and epitokous of Alitta succinea (Leuckart, 1847) from Western Germany. Atokous (ECOSUR-P 2729): A, chaetiger 1, AV; B, chaetiger 3, AV; C, chaetiger 10, AV; D, chaetiger 54, AV; E, chaetiger 84, AV; F, chaetiger 95, AV; G, heterogomph falciger, upper fascicle, chaetiger 54; H, heterogomph falciger, lower fascicle, chaetiger 54; I, heterogomph spiniger, chaetiger 10. Epitokous male (ECOSUR-OH-P 740): J, chaetiger 15, AV. Epitokous female (ECOSUR-OH-P 2729): K, chaetiger 16, AV. Arrows in “ D, E, K ”, tip of neuropodial postchaetal lobe. Scale bars: A − F, J, K: 200 µm; G − I: 20 µm. AL, neuroacicular ligule; DC, dorsal cirrus; DL, dorsal ligule; DLu, upper lamella of dorsal ligule; DLl, lower lamella of dorsal ligule; Gl, glandular structures; IL, inferior lobe; ML, median ligule (or notopodial ventral ligule); NoA, notoaciculae; NeA, neuroaciculae; Prl, notopodial prechaetal lobe; Ptl, neuropodial postchaetal lobe; Spm, sperm; VC, ventral cirrus; VCu, upper lamella of ventral cirrus; VCl, lower lamella of ventral cirrus; VL, ventral ligule. AV, anterior view (text in leyend)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245187/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="162">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
B, C) with dorsal cirrus not gradually elongating or displacing distally on dorsal ligule, as long as dorsal ligule, attached to one-quarter of its length. Dorsal ligule conical to triangular shaped, thick, as long as and 2.2 (2.0−2.5) times wider than lanceolate median ligule. Notopodial prechaetal lobe progressively widening and slightly increasing in length; lanceolate, 0.5 to 0.7 times length and 0.4 to 0.7 times width of median ligule. Notopodial prechaetal lobe in chaetigers 3 to 66 (50−88), notoacicular papillae-like thereafter. Neuropodial postchaetal lobe becoming smaller, narrowing and thinning; lanceolate, 0.8 to 0.4 times length, 0.5 to 0.3 times width, and 0.8 to 0.5 times thickness of median ligule. Neuropodial inferior lobe becoming smaller, slightly thickening and widening; thick, from faintly elongated to rounded, one-third to three-quarters length of neuropodial postchaetal lobe; present in chaetigers 1 to 62 (48−88), neuracicular papillae-like thereafter. Neuracicular ligule as long as ventral ligule, 1.4 (1.3−1.6) times wider than it. Ventral ligule lanceolate, as long as median ligule, wider and thicker than it. Ventral cirrus becoming smaller; one-half to one-quarter length of ventral ligule.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC036BCFF90EF02FF23FD757917604D" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="5" pageNumber="162">
|
||
Mid-body chaetigers (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13442A39FF90EF02FE20FD757F1C668F" box="[452,521,723,748]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1723,1745]" captionTargetBox="[239,1322,193,1667]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[239,1322,193,1668]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Parapodial structures of atokous and epitokous of Alitta succinea (Leuckart, 1847) from Western Germany. Atokous (ECOSUR-P 2729): A, chaetiger 1, AV; B, chaetiger 3, AV; C, chaetiger 10, AV; D, chaetiger 54, AV; E, chaetiger 84, AV; F, chaetiger 95, AV; G, heterogomph falciger, upper fascicle, chaetiger 54; H, heterogomph falciger, lower fascicle, chaetiger 54; I, heterogomph spiniger, chaetiger 10. Epitokous male (ECOSUR-OH-P 740): J, chaetiger 15, AV. Epitokous female (ECOSUR-OH-P 2729): K, chaetiger 16, AV. Arrows in “ D, E, K ”, tip of neuropodial postchaetal lobe. Scale bars: A − F, J, K: 200 µm; G − I: 20 µm. AL, neuroacicular ligule; DC, dorsal cirrus; DL, dorsal ligule; DLu, upper lamella of dorsal ligule; DLl, lower lamella of dorsal ligule; Gl, glandular structures; IL, inferior lobe; ML, median ligule (or notopodial ventral ligule); NoA, notoaciculae; NeA, neuroaciculae; Prl, notopodial prechaetal lobe; Ptl, neuropodial postchaetal lobe; Spm, sperm; VC, ventral cirrus; VCu, upper lamella of ventral cirrus; VCl, lower lamella of ventral cirrus; VL, ventral ligule. AV, anterior view (text in leyend)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245187/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="162">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
D) with dorsal cirri subterminal on dorsal ligule, becoming slightly smaller and distally moving, 0.6 (0.5−0.7) times length of ligule, 2 times longer than triangular protruding tip of ligule. Dorsal ligule rectangular, 2 times longer than wide; 2.3 (2−2.5) times longer and 3.5 (3.5−4) times wider than lanceolate median ligule, reaching over one-half of width segment. Dorsal ligule expanding from about chaetiger 19 (15−24), markedly elongate and wider on following chaetigers, glandular edges not observed (faded due to long-term preservation in
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C4881EFF90EF02FEBEFC217C8C67FC" box="[346,409,903,927]" pageId="5" pageNumber="162">types</typeStatus>
|
||
; bearing a ventral glandular edge). Notopodial prechaetal lobe conical (sometimes lanceolate), 0.2 (0.2−0.3) times length and 0.4 (0.4−0.5) times width of median ligule. Neuropodial postchaetal lobe conical, 0.8 times length, 0.6 (0.5−0.7) times width and 0.3 times thickness of median ligule. Neuracicular ligule as long as ventral ligule. Ventral ligule lanceolate, 0.7 times length and 0.6 (0.5−0.7) times width of median ligule, slightly slenderer than it. Ventral cirrus reaching basis of ventral ligule.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC036BCFF90EF02FF23FB9F7F83610C" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="5" pageNumber="162">
|
||
Posterior chaetigers only available in topotype specimens (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13442A39FF90EF02FC9EFB9F7ED76032" box="[890,962,1081,1106]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1723,1745]" captionTargetBox="[239,1322,193,1667]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[239,1322,193,1668]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Parapodial structures of atokous and epitokous of Alitta succinea (Leuckart, 1847) from Western Germany. Atokous (ECOSUR-P 2729): A, chaetiger 1, AV; B, chaetiger 3, AV; C, chaetiger 10, AV; D, chaetiger 54, AV; E, chaetiger 84, AV; F, chaetiger 95, AV; G, heterogomph falciger, upper fascicle, chaetiger 54; H, heterogomph falciger, lower fascicle, chaetiger 54; I, heterogomph spiniger, chaetiger 10. Epitokous male (ECOSUR-OH-P 740): J, chaetiger 15, AV. Epitokous female (ECOSUR-OH-P 2729): K, chaetiger 16, AV. Arrows in “ D, E, K ”, tip of neuropodial postchaetal lobe. Scale bars: A − F, J, K: 200 µm; G − I: 20 µm. AL, neuroacicular ligule; DC, dorsal cirrus; DL, dorsal ligule; DLu, upper lamella of dorsal ligule; DLl, lower lamella of dorsal ligule; Gl, glandular structures; IL, inferior lobe; ML, median ligule (or notopodial ventral ligule); NoA, notoaciculae; NeA, neuroaciculae; Prl, notopodial prechaetal lobe; Ptl, neuropodial postchaetal lobe; Spm, sperm; VC, ventral cirrus; VCu, upper lamella of ventral cirrus; VCl, lower lamella of ventral cirrus; VL, ventral ligule. AV, anterior view (text in leyend)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245187/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="162">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
E, F). Dorsal cirri subterminal on dorsal ligule, displacing distally and becoming smaller, 0.3 times length of dorsal ligule, clearly longer than conical, short protruding tip; terminal dorsal cirrus on last 7−14 chaetigers. Dorsal ligule pennant-like, 2 times longer than wide; 2.5−3 times length and 3 times width of median ligule, reaching three-quarters of chaetiger width. Notopodial prechaetal lobe notoacicular papillae. Neuropodial postchaetal lobe conical (sometimes tapered), becoming smaller, narrower and thinner, 0.7 to 0.5 times length and width of median ligule, 0.5 to 0.4 times slenderer than it; neuracicular papillae-like in last 6−12 chaetigers. Neuracicular ligule 0.3 times length of ventral ligule, 1.3−1.5 times wider than it. Ventral ligule tapered, 0.7 times length and width of median ligule, slightly slenderer than it. Ventral cirrus reaching basis of ventral ligule.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC036BCFF90EF02FF23FADC7FB662B7" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="5" pageNumber="162">
|
||
Notoaciculae on chaetigers 1 and 2 thin, 0.5 times width of neuroaciculae, directed 30−50° respect to neuroaciculae. Similar sized and shaped as neuroaciculae on following chaetigers. Notochaeta homogomph spinigers throughout. Spinigers of different size, long blades on upper spinigers, medium on lower ones; teeth short. Neurochaetae in upper fascicle with homogomph spinigers and heterogomph falcigers throughout. Falcigers long, somewhat wider than those from lower fascicle; teeth medium, terminal tendon 2 times longer than other teeth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13442A39FF90EF02FF3BF98B7C336225" box="[223,294,1581,1606]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1723,1745]" captionTargetBox="[239,1322,193,1667]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[239,1322,193,1668]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Parapodial structures of atokous and epitokous of Alitta succinea (Leuckart, 1847) from Western Germany. Atokous (ECOSUR-P 2729): A, chaetiger 1, AV; B, chaetiger 3, AV; C, chaetiger 10, AV; D, chaetiger 54, AV; E, chaetiger 84, AV; F, chaetiger 95, AV; G, heterogomph falciger, upper fascicle, chaetiger 54; H, heterogomph falciger, lower fascicle, chaetiger 54; I, heterogomph spiniger, chaetiger 10. Epitokous male (ECOSUR-OH-P 740): J, chaetiger 15, AV. Epitokous female (ECOSUR-OH-P 2729): K, chaetiger 16, AV. Arrows in “ D, E, K ”, tip of neuropodial postchaetal lobe. Scale bars: A − F, J, K: 200 µm; G − I: 20 µm. AL, neuroacicular ligule; DC, dorsal cirrus; DL, dorsal ligule; DLu, upper lamella of dorsal ligule; DLl, lower lamella of dorsal ligule; Gl, glandular structures; IL, inferior lobe; ML, median ligule (or notopodial ventral ligule); NoA, notoaciculae; NeA, neuroaciculae; Prl, notopodial prechaetal lobe; Ptl, neuropodial postchaetal lobe; Spm, sperm; VC, ventral cirrus; VCu, upper lamella of ventral cirrus; VCl, lower lamella of ventral cirrus; VL, ventral ligule. AV, anterior view (text in leyend)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245187/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="162">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
G). Spinigers of different size, long blades on upper spinigers, medium on lower ones; short teeth. Neurochaetae in lower fascicle with heterogomph spinigers and heterogomph falcigers throughout. Falcigers long with blades of different length, long on upper falcigers, shorter on lower ones; teeth medium, terminal tendon 1.5 times longer than other teeth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13442A39FF90EF02FE03F93E7F3E62D2" box="[487,555,1688,1713]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1723,1745]" captionTargetBox="[239,1322,193,1667]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[239,1322,193,1668]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Parapodial structures of atokous and epitokous of Alitta succinea (Leuckart, 1847) from Western Germany. Atokous (ECOSUR-P 2729): A, chaetiger 1, AV; B, chaetiger 3, AV; C, chaetiger 10, AV; D, chaetiger 54, AV; E, chaetiger 84, AV; F, chaetiger 95, AV; G, heterogomph falciger, upper fascicle, chaetiger 54; H, heterogomph falciger, lower fascicle, chaetiger 54; I, heterogomph spiniger, chaetiger 10. Epitokous male (ECOSUR-OH-P 740): J, chaetiger 15, AV. Epitokous female (ECOSUR-OH-P 2729): K, chaetiger 16, AV. Arrows in “ D, E, K ”, tip of neuropodial postchaetal lobe. Scale bars: A − F, J, K: 200 µm; G − I: 20 µm. AL, neuroacicular ligule; DC, dorsal cirrus; DL, dorsal ligule; DLu, upper lamella of dorsal ligule; DLl, lower lamella of dorsal ligule; Gl, glandular structures; IL, inferior lobe; ML, median ligule (or notopodial ventral ligule); NoA, notoaciculae; NeA, neuroaciculae; Prl, notopodial prechaetal lobe; Ptl, neuropodial postchaetal lobe; Spm, sperm; VC, ventral cirrus; VCu, upper lamella of ventral cirrus; VCl, lower lamella of ventral cirrus; VL, ventral ligule. AV, anterior view (text in leyend)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245187/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="162">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
H). Spinigers of different sizes with short teeth, long blades on upper spinigers (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13442A39FF90EF02FF7BF91A7DF162B6" box="[159,228,1724,1749]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1723,1745]" captionTargetBox="[239,1322,193,1667]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[239,1322,193,1668]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Parapodial structures of atokous and epitokous of Alitta succinea (Leuckart, 1847) from Western Germany. Atokous (ECOSUR-P 2729): A, chaetiger 1, AV; B, chaetiger 3, AV; C, chaetiger 10, AV; D, chaetiger 54, AV; E, chaetiger 84, AV; F, chaetiger 95, AV; G, heterogomph falciger, upper fascicle, chaetiger 54; H, heterogomph falciger, lower fascicle, chaetiger 54; I, heterogomph spiniger, chaetiger 10. Epitokous male (ECOSUR-OH-P 740): J, chaetiger 15, AV. Epitokous female (ECOSUR-OH-P 2729): K, chaetiger 16, AV. Arrows in “ D, E, K ”, tip of neuropodial postchaetal lobe. Scale bars: A − F, J, K: 200 µm; G − I: 20 µm. AL, neuroacicular ligule; DC, dorsal cirrus; DL, dorsal ligule; DLu, upper lamella of dorsal ligule; DLl, lower lamella of dorsal ligule; Gl, glandular structures; IL, inferior lobe; ML, median ligule (or notopodial ventral ligule); NoA, notoaciculae; NeA, neuroaciculae; Prl, notopodial prechaetal lobe; Ptl, neuropodial postchaetal lobe; Spm, sperm; VC, ventral cirrus; VCu, upper lamella of ventral cirrus; VCl, lower lamella of ventral cirrus; VL, ventral ligule. AV, anterior view (text in leyend)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245187/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="162">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<date id="FFC1107CFF90EF02FF30F91B7DF162B6" box="[212,228,1725,1749]" pageId="5" pageNumber="162">2</date>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
I), medium (rarely short) on lower ones.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC036BCFF90EF02FF23F9797FA7637F" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="5" pageNumber="162">Pygidium with slender anal cirri, as long as last 8−15 chaetigers (n= 15, µ= 12.1±1.1); cirrophores well developed. Anus terminal, margin multidivided.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC036BCFF90EF02FF23F8817E496300" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="5" pageNumber="162">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAAEFF90EF02FF23F8817C6B6323" bold="true" box="[199,382,1831,1856]" pageId="5" pageNumber="162">Live coloration</emphasis>
|
||
. According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B4DFF90EF02FDC8F8817FFD6323" author="Leuckart" box="[556,744,1831,1856]" pageId="5" pageNumber="162" refString="Leuckart, R. S. (1847) Verzeichnis der zur Fauna Helgoland's gehorenden wirbellosen Seethiere. In: Frey, H. & Leuckart, R. S. (Eds.), Beitrage zur Kenntnis Wirbelloser Thiere mit Besonderer Berucksichtigung der Fauna des Norddeutschen Meeres. Friedrich Vieweg und sohn, Braunschweig, pp. 136 - 168." type="book chapter" year="1847">Leuckart (1847)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: “…red or reddish brown on the dorsal surface, which often extends from the head and parapodia of the anterior segments.”
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC036BCFF90EF02FF23F8C87E306390" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="5" pageNumber="162">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAAEFF90EF02FF23F8C87CD563E4" bold="true" box="[199,448,1902,1927]" pageId="5" pageNumber="162">Preserved coloration</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C4881EFF90EF02FE34F8D67F1D63EB" box="[464,520,1904,1928]" pageId="5" pageNumber="162">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
material has lost the pigmentation due to long-term preservation; the specimens now appear cream colored. As stated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B4DFF90EF02FDBEF8347FE063C8" author="Ehlers" box="[602,757,1938,1963]" pageId="5" pageNumber="162" refString="Ehlers, E. (1868) Die Borstenwurmer (Annelida Chaetopoda) nach Systematischen und Anatomischen Untersuchungen. Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, xx + 269, 269 - 748, 24 taf." type="journal article" year="1868">Ehlers (1868)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Leuckart’s material and some other from Norderney: “…the dorsum is brownish purple in the most anterior segments, where the color is deeper, it is seen as a diffuse band forming a cross. The abdomen was colorless and whitish.”
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF006634FF93EF01FF73F8BB788263CE" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245186/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="163" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1799]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC036BCFF93EF01FF73F8BB788263CE" blockId="6.[151,1436,1821,1966]" pageId="6" pageNumber="163">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAAEFF93EF01FF73F8BB7C076351" bold="true" box="[151,274,1821,1843]" pageId="6" pageNumber="163">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Prostomial and pharyngeal structures of atokous specimens.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D3FFF93EF01FC98F8BB79066350" box="[892,1043,1821,1843]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Alitta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="6" pageNumber="163" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="succinea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAAEFF93EF01FC98F8BB79066350" box="[892,1043,1821,1843]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="163">Alitta succinea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(ECOSUR-P2729): A, dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, lateral view.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D3FFF93EF01FE25F89A7F756331" box="[449,608,1852,1874]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Alitta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="6" pageNumber="163" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="acutifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAAEFF93EF01FE25F89A7F756331" box="[449,608,1852,1874]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="163">Alitta acutifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
without paragnaths on plate-like basement (ECOSUR-P2734): D, dorsal view; E, ventral view; F, lateral view.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D3FFF93EF01FE2CF8FC7F7F6313" box="[456,618,1882,1904]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Alitta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="6" pageNumber="163" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="acutifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAAEFF93EF01FE2CF8FC7F7F6313" box="[456,618,1882,1904]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="163">Alitta acutifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with paragnaths on plate-like basement (ECOSUR-P2734): G, dorsal view; H, ventral view; I, lateral view. Arrows show the triangular fleshly pads between regions VI and VII −VIII; without paragnaths in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D3FFF93EF01FF73F83E7C1963CD" box="[151,268,1944,1966]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Alitta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="6" pageNumber="163" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="succinea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAAEFF93EF01FF73F83E7C1963CD" box="[151,268,1944,1966]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="163">A. succinea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Scale bars: A −C: 1 mm; D −I: 0.5 mm. cn, conical paragnath; pb, pointed bar paragnath; pp, pyramidal paragnath.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF006634FF92EF00FF73F91D7C2C6387" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245187/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="164" targetBox="[239,1322,193,1667]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC036BCFF92EF00FF73F91D7C2C6387" blockId="7.[151,1437,1723,2020]" pageId="7" pageNumber="164">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAAEFF92EF00FF73F91D7C0262B3" bold="true" box="[151,279,1723,1745]" pageId="7" pageNumber="164">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Parapodial structures of atokous and epitokous of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D3FFF92EF00FCDAF91D798162B2" authority="Leuckart, 1847" authorityName="Leuckart" authorityYear="1847" box="[830,1172,1723,1745]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Alitta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="7" pageNumber="164" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="succinea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAAEFF92EF00FCDAF91D7ECE62B2" box="[830,987,1723,1745]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="164">Alitta succinea</emphasis>
|
||
(Leuckart, 1847)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Western Germany. Atokous (ECOSUR-P2729): A, chaetiger 1, AV; B, chaetiger 3, AV; C, chaetiger 10, AV; D, chaetiger 54, AV; E, chaetiger 84, AV; F, chaetiger 95, AV; G, heterogomph falciger, upper fascicle, chaetiger 54; H, heterogomph falciger, lower fascicle, chaetiger 54; I, heterogomph spiniger, chaetiger 10. Epitokous male (ECOSUR-OH-P740): J, chaetiger 15, AV. Epitokous female (ECOSUR-OH-P2729): K, chaetiger 16, AV. Arrows in “D, E, K”, tip of neuropodial postchaetal lobe. Scale bars: A −F, J, K: 200 µm; G −I: 20 µm. AL, neuroacicular ligule; DC, dorsal cirrus; DL, dorsal ligule; DLu, upper lamella of dorsal ligule; DLl, lower lamella of dorsal ligule; Gl, glandular structures; IL, inferior lobe; ML, median ligule (or notopodial ventral ligule); NoA, notoaciculae; NeA, neuroaciculae; Prl, notopodial prechaetal lobe; Ptl, neuropodial postchaetal lobe; Spm, sperm; VC, ventral cirrus; VCu, upper lamella of ventral cirrus; VCl, lower lamella of ventral cirrus; VL, ventral ligule. AV, anterior view (text in leyend).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC036BCFF9DEF0FFF23FF3179E3676F" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="8" pageNumber="165">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAAEFF9DEF0FFF23FF317FEB64D3" bold="true" box="[199,766,151,176]" pageId="8" pageNumber="165">Non-type epitokous male (ECOSUR-OH-P740).</emphasis>
|
||
Complete specimen, with 87 chaetigers, TL=
|
||
<quantity id="4C879B59FF9DEF0FFAE7FF3E784164CC" box="[1283,1364,152,176]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" pageId="8" pageNumber="165" unit="mm" value="41.0">41 mm</quantity>
|
||
, L15= 11.0 mm, W15=
|
||
<quantity id="4C879B59FF9DEF0FFEBEFF1A7CA064B0" box="[346,437,188,212]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="8" pageNumber="165" unit="mm" value="2.8">2.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Body divided in three regions: pre-natatory, natatory and post-natatory. Eyes enlarged, rounded, black, not overlapping. Paragnaths as in atokous, without plate-like basement. Pre-natatory region with 14 chaetigers. Dorsal and ventral cirri modified in first 7 and 5 chaetigers, respectively. Chaetigers 8 to 14 with unmodified parapodia. Natatory region with 37 chaetigers. Heteronereis morphology in mid-natatory parapodia as follows (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13442A39FF9DEF0FFF1FFEEF7C556502" box="[251,320,329,354]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1723,1745]" captionTargetBox="[239,1322,193,1667]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[239,1322,193,1668]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Parapodial structures of atokous and epitokous of Alitta succinea (Leuckart, 1847) from Western Germany. Atokous (ECOSUR-P 2729): A, chaetiger 1, AV; B, chaetiger 3, AV; C, chaetiger 10, AV; D, chaetiger 54, AV; E, chaetiger 84, AV; F, chaetiger 95, AV; G, heterogomph falciger, upper fascicle, chaetiger 54; H, heterogomph falciger, lower fascicle, chaetiger 54; I, heterogomph spiniger, chaetiger 10. Epitokous male (ECOSUR-OH-P 740): J, chaetiger 15, AV. Epitokous female (ECOSUR-OH-P 2729): K, chaetiger 16, AV. Arrows in “ D, E, K ”, tip of neuropodial postchaetal lobe. Scale bars: A − F, J, K: 200 µm; G − I: 20 µm. AL, neuroacicular ligule; DC, dorsal cirrus; DL, dorsal ligule; DLu, upper lamella of dorsal ligule; DLl, lower lamella of dorsal ligule; Gl, glandular structures; IL, inferior lobe; ML, median ligule (or notopodial ventral ligule); NoA, notoaciculae; NeA, neuroaciculae; Prl, notopodial prechaetal lobe; Ptl, neuropodial postchaetal lobe; Spm, sperm; VC, ventral cirrus; VCu, upper lamella of ventral cirrus; VCl, lower lamella of ventral cirrus; VL, ventral ligule. AV, anterior view (text in leyend)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245187/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="165">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
J): dorsal cirri 2 times length of upper lamella, extending beyond lower lamella of dorsal ligule; 10 bulbous papillae on lower edge, largest distally, distal bare space equals four papillae breadth. Upper lamella of dorsal ligule reniform, 2 times wider than long, blunt tip, basal 60% attached to ligule. Lower lamella of dorsal ligule conical, reaching tip of median ligule, basal 40% attached to ligule. Notopodial prechaetal lobe large papilla. Median ligule lanceolate, extending beyond neuropodial postchaetal lobe, overlapping it. Neuropodial postchaetal lobe expanded, cordate, asymmetrical, conspicuous pointed lower apex; lower edge narrow, as wide as neuracicular ligule. Neuracicular ligule as wide as enlarged median ligule, flat upper edge. Ventral ligule fusiform, one-half width of neuracicular ligule, as long as neuropodial postchaetal lobe. Ventral cirri slightly longer than ventral ligule; 11 small bulbous papillae on lower edge, similar sized, terminal bare space equals width of one papillae. Upper lamella of ventral cirri nearly as long as lower lamella, 0.4 times width of it. Lower lamella reniform, 2 times wider than long, blunt tip, basis 60% attached to cirrus. Sesquigomph natatory chaetae not emerged yet. Post-natatory region with 36 chaetigers, one-half width of pre-natatory chaetigers. Pygidium unmetamorphosed, anus without papillae or pygidial rosette. Anal cirri as long as last 11 chaetigers.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC036BCFF9DEF0FFF23FCB07C0C6105" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="8" pageNumber="165">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAAEFF9DEF0FFF23FCB07F1A674C" bold="true" box="[199,527,790,815]" pageId="8" pageNumber="165">Non-type epitokous females</emphasis>
|
||
. Three incomplete specimens, not completely metamorphosed, with L15=
|
||
<quantity id="4C879B59FF9DEF0FFAB0FCB07DD66732" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="165" unit="mm" value="15.5" valueMax="16.0" valueMin="15.0">15−16 mm</quantity>
|
||
(n= 3, µ= 15.7±0.7), W15= 2.5−3.0 mm (n= 3, µ= 2.7±0.3). Body divided in three regions: pre-natatory, natatory and post-natatory. Eyes similar sized, not enlarged. Paragnaths as in atokous, without plate-like basement. Pre-natatory region with 17 chaetigers. Dorsal and ventral cirri barely modified in first 5 and 4 chaetigers, respectively. Chaetigers 6 to 17 with parapodia unmodified. Natatory region with 30−33 chaetigers. Heteronereis morphology in mid-natatory parapodia as follows (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13442A39FF9DEF0FFD34FC617E066783" box="[720,787,967,992]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1723,1745]" captionTargetBox="[239,1322,193,1667]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[239,1322,193,1668]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Parapodial structures of atokous and epitokous of Alitta succinea (Leuckart, 1847) from Western Germany. Atokous (ECOSUR-P 2729): A, chaetiger 1, AV; B, chaetiger 3, AV; C, chaetiger 10, AV; D, chaetiger 54, AV; E, chaetiger 84, AV; F, chaetiger 95, AV; G, heterogomph falciger, upper fascicle, chaetiger 54; H, heterogomph falciger, lower fascicle, chaetiger 54; I, heterogomph spiniger, chaetiger 10. Epitokous male (ECOSUR-OH-P 740): J, chaetiger 15, AV. Epitokous female (ECOSUR-OH-P 2729): K, chaetiger 16, AV. Arrows in “ D, E, K ”, tip of neuropodial postchaetal lobe. Scale bars: A − F, J, K: 200 µm; G − I: 20 µm. AL, neuroacicular ligule; DC, dorsal cirrus; DL, dorsal ligule; DLu, upper lamella of dorsal ligule; DLl, lower lamella of dorsal ligule; Gl, glandular structures; IL, inferior lobe; ML, median ligule (or notopodial ventral ligule); NoA, notoaciculae; NeA, neuroaciculae; Prl, notopodial prechaetal lobe; Ptl, neuropodial postchaetal lobe; Spm, sperm; VC, ventral cirrus; VCu, upper lamella of ventral cirrus; VCl, lower lamella of ventral cirrus; VL, ventral ligule. AV, anterior view (text in leyend)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245187/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="165">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
K): dorsal cirri smooth, 2 times longer than upper lamella, extending beyond lower lamella of dorsal ligule. Dorsal ligule not wholly transformed as in males; upper lamella reniform, 3 times wider than long, blunt tip, basis fully attached to ligule. Lower lamella of dorsal ligule conical, slightly longer than median ligule, basis fully attached. Notopodial prechaetal lobe small papilla. Median ligule lanceolate, lower edge curved, basal smooth; extending beyond neuropodial postchaetal lobe, not overlapping it. Neuropodial postchaetal lobe somewhat expanded, not greatly as in males, auriform, asymmetrical, lower apex with reduced pointed tip. Neuracicular ligule nearly as wide as ventral ligule, flat upper edge. Ventral ligule lanceolate, slightly longer than neuracicular ligule. Ventral cirri smooth, as long as ventral ligule. Upper lamella of ventral cirri nearly as long as lower lamella, 0.4 times width of it. Lower lamella suboval, nearly as wide as long, blunt tip, basal 50% attached to cirrus. Natatory chaetae not developed. Post-natatory region with more than 40 chaetigers, 0.6 times width of pre-natatory chaetigers. Pygidium not seen. Oocytes size: 86−120 µm (n= 100, µ= 101.8±1.2).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC036BCFF9DEF0FFF23FAD77C3D61B2" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="8" pageNumber="165">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAAEFF9DEF0FFF23FAD77C3F61E9" bold="true" box="[199,298,1393,1418]" pageId="8" pageNumber="165">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Estuaries and harbors,
|
||
<quantity id="4C879B59FF9DEF0FFDDEFAD77F9061EA" box="[570,645,1393,1418]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="165" unit="m" value="2.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="0.0">0−5 m</quantity>
|
||
depth, supralittoral (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B4DFF9DEF0FFC91FAD7793261E9" author="Gillandt" box="[885,1063,1393,1418]" pageId="8" pageNumber="165" refString="Gillandt, L. (1979 b) Zur okologie der polychaeten des Helgolander Felslitorals. Helgolander wissenschaftliche Meeresuntersuchungen, 32, 1 - 35. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 02189890" type="journal article" year="1979" yearSuffix="b">Gillandt 1979b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Epibiont on non-native oysters (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D3FFF9DEF0FFF44FA337C7E61CF" box="[160,363,1429,1452]" class="Bivalvia" family="Ostreidae" genus="Crassostrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ostreoida" pageId="8" pageNumber="165" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gigas">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAAEFF9DEF0FFF44FA337C7E61CF" box="[160,363,1429,1452]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="165">Crassostrea gigas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), other mollusks, and barnacles. Fouling on artificial substrates, such as buoys, ship hulls, and dock pilings.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC036BCFF9DEF0FFF23FA7D7F486197" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2021]" box="[199,605,1499,1524]" pageId="8" pageNumber="165">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAAEFF9DEF0FFF23FA7D7C706197" bold="true" box="[199,357,1499,1524]" pageId="8" pageNumber="165">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C4881EFF9DEF0FFF23FA7D7C176197" box="[199,258,1499,1524]" pageId="8" pageNumber="165">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F368762CFF9DEF0FFE88FA7D7CF16197" box="[364,484,1499,1524]" name="Germany" pageId="8" pageNumber="165">Helgoland</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F368762CFF9DEF0FFE0BFA7A7F4C6197" box="[495,601,1500,1524]" name="Germany" pageId="8" pageNumber="165">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3656537FF9DEF0FFF23FA597F22627B" box="[199,567,1535,1560]" pageId="8" pageNumber="165" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC036BCFF9DEF0FFF23FA597F22627B" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2021]" box="[199,567,1535,1560]" pageId="8" pageNumber="165">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAAEFF9DEF0FFF23FA597C75627B" bold="true" box="[199,352,1535,1560]" pageId="8" pageNumber="165">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F368762CFF9DEF0FFE2DF9A67F26627B" box="[457,563,1536,1560]" name="Germany" pageId="8" pageNumber="165">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3656537FF9DEF0DFF23F9847E3C65EB" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="167" pageId="8" pageNumber="165" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC036BCFF9DEF0FFF23F9847FD36319" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="8" pageNumber="165">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAAEFF9DEF0FFF23F9847C2E6258" bold="true" box="[199,315,1570,1595]" pageId="8" pageNumber="165">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
From the original description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D3FFF9DEF0FFD2AF985792A6258" authority="Leuckart, 1847" authorityName="Leuckart" authorityYear="1847" box="[718,1087,1570,1595]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="8" pageNumber="165" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="succinea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAAEFF9DEF0FFD2AF9857E916259" box="[718,900,1571,1594]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="165">Nereis succinea</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B4DFF9DEF0FFC74F984792A6258" author="Leuckart" box="[912,1087,1570,1595]" pageId="8" pageNumber="165" refString="Leuckart, R. S. (1847) Verzeichnis der zur Fauna Helgoland's gehorenden wirbellosen Seethiere. In: Frey, H. & Leuckart, R. S. (Eds.), Beitrage zur Kenntnis Wirbelloser Thiere mit Besonderer Berucksichtigung der Fauna des Norddeutschen Meeres. Friedrich Vieweg und sohn, Braunschweig, pp. 136 - 168." type="book chapter" year="1847">Leuckart, 1847</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to the beginning of the 20th century, the identifications of the species were based on
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C4881EFF9DEF0FFCC7F9E17E46623C" box="[803,851,1607,1631]" pageId="8" pageNumber="165">type</typeStatus>
|
||
or native material.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B4DFF9DEF0FFBD3F9E079C7623C" author="Ehlers" box="[1079,1234,1606,1631]" pageId="8" pageNumber="165" refString="Ehlers, E. (1868) Die Borstenwurmer (Annelida Chaetopoda) nach Systematischen und Anatomischen Untersuchungen. Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, xx + 269, 269 - 748, 24 taf." type="journal article" year="1868">Ehlers (1868)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
characterized the species using
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C4881EFF9DEF0FFED2F9CC7C7362E1" box="[310,358,1642,1666]" pageId="8" pageNumber="165">type</typeStatus>
|
||
and topotype materials; de
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B4DFF9DEF0FFD4CF9CF7E9E62E1" author="Saint-Joseph" box="[680,907,1641,1666]" pageId="8" pageNumber="165" refString="de Saint-Joseph, A. A. (1898) Les Annelides Polychetes des cotes de France (Manche et Ocean). Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Zoologie, Serie 8, 5, 209 - 464." type="journal article" year="1898">Saint-Joseph (1898)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described a similar species to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D3FFF9DEF0FFB09F9CC786762E2" box="[1261,1394,1642,1665]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="8" pageNumber="165" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="succinea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAAEFF9DEF0FFB09F9CC786762E2" box="[1261,1394,1642,1665]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="165">N. succinea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D3FFF9DEF0FFA66F9CC7C6662C6" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Neanthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="8" pageNumber="165" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="perrieri" subGenus="Neanthes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAAEFF9DEF0FFA66F9CC788862E2" box="[1410,1437,1642,1665]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="165">N.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAAEFF9DEF0FFF44F92B7C1D62C6" box="[160,264,1677,1701]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="165">Neanthes</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAAEFF9DEF0FFEF8F9287C6662C6" box="[284,371,1678,1701]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="165">perrieri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which displayed longer tentacular cirri, jaws with fewer teeth and more chaetigers. Ehlers provided a specimen to Horst for comparative purposes with individuals from Zuiderzee (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F368762CFF9DEF0FFB53F916785062AA" box="[1207,1349,1712,1737]" name="Netherlands" pageId="8" pageNumber="165">Netherlands</collectingCountry>
|
||
). Then,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B4DFF9DEF0FFF73F9737C34628F" author="Horst" box="[151,289,1748,1772]" pageId="8" pageNumber="165" refString="Horst, R. (1909) On the supposed identity of Nereis (Neanthes) succinea Leuck. and N. perrieri St. Jos. Notes from the Leyden Museum, 30, 215 - 218." type="journal article" year="1909">Horst (1909</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B4DFF9DEF0FFEC8F9727C70628F" author="Horst" box="[300,357,1748,1772]" pageId="8" pageNumber="165" refString="Horst, R. (1910) De anneliden der Zuiderzee. Mededelingen betreffende de uitkomsten der Zuiderzee-Expeditie. Tijdschrift der Nederlandsche Dierkundige Vereeniging, Leiden, Series 2, 11, 138 - 152." type="journal article" year="1910">1910</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) considered the length of the tentacular cirri as an uninformative taxonomic feature; meanwhile the other two features were highly variable. Therefore, he proposed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D3FFF9DEF0FFC54F95E7974636C" box="[944,1121,1784,1808]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Neanthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="8" pageNumber="165" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="perrieri" subGenus="Neanthes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAAEFF9DEF0FFC54F95E7EDF636C" box="[944,970,1784,1807]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="165">N.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAAEFF9DEF0FFC39F95E7EE2636C" box="[989,1015,1784,1807]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="165">N.</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAAEFF9DEF0FFBEEF95E7974636C" box="[1034,1121,1784,1807]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="165">perrieri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D3FFF9DEF0FFA66F95E7DEC6350" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="8" pageNumber="165" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="succinea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAAEFF9DEF0FFA66F95E7DEC6350" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="165">N. succinea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Nevertheless,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B4DFF9DEF0FFE48F8BD7F456350" author="Heinen" box="[428,592,1819,1844]" pageId="8" pageNumber="165" refString="Heinen, A (1911) Die Nephthydeen und Lycorideen der Nord- und Ostsee, einschliesslich der verbindenden Meeresteile. Wissenschaftliche Meeresuntersuchungen, Kiel, Series neue folge, 13, 1 - 87." type="journal article" year="1911">Heinen (1911)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
regarded the extension of the tentacular cirri as an important taxonomic feature to separate nereidids; this was the main feature used in the key to distinguish his new species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D3FFF9DEF0FFAB0F8997DED6319" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="8" pageNumber="165" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="reibischi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAAEFF9DEF0FFAB0F8997DED6319" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="165">Nereis reibischi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D3FFF9DEF0FFED8F8C47CAA631A" box="[316,447,1890,1913]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="8" pageNumber="165" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="succinea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAAEFF9DEF0FFED8F8C47CAA631A" box="[316,447,1890,1913]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="165">N. succinea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B4DFF9DEF0FFE29F8C77FAC6319" author="Heinen" box="[461,697,1889,1914]" pageId="8" pageNumber="165" refString="Heinen, A (1911) Die Nephthydeen und Lycorideen der Nord- und Ostsee, einschliesslich der verbindenden Meeresteile. Wissenschaftliche Meeresuntersuchungen, Kiel, Series neue folge, 13, 1 - 87." type="journal article" year="1911">Heinen 1911: 42−43</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC036BCFF9DEF0EFF23F8207E966502" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2021]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1437,151,1991]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="166" pageId="8" pageNumber="165">
|
||
Most identifications, synonymies and characterizations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D3FFF9DEF0FFCB2F8207ECC63FE" box="[854,985,1926,1949]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="8" pageNumber="165" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="succinea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAAEFF9DEF0FFCB2F8207ECC63FE" box="[854,985,1926,1949]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="165">N. succinea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
between
|
||
<date id="FFC1107CFF9DEF0FFBA1F82079F963FD" box="[1093,1260,1925,1950]" pageId="8" pageNumber="165" value="1910" valueMax="1980">1910 and 1980</date>
|
||
were not based on
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C4881EFF9DEF0FFF5DF80F7DFC63A2" box="[185,233,1961,1985]" pageId="8" pageNumber="165">type</typeStatus>
|
||
or topotypic material, but rather on published records based on specimens from different regions.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B4DFF9DEF0FFAD5F80E7DF46386" author="McIntosh" pageId="8" pageNumber="165" refString="McIntosh, W. C. (1910) A Monograph of the British Annelids, 2. Polychaeta. Syllidae to Ariciidae. Vol. 2. Ray Society of London, London, 291 pp. [pp. 233 - 524]" type="book chapter" year="1910">McIntosh (1910)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
synonymized
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D3FFF9DEF0FFE6FF86B7F526387" box="[395,583,1997,2021]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="8" pageNumber="165" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="succinea" subGenus="Neanthes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAAEFF9DEF0FFE6FF86B7CB06387" box="[395,421,1997,2020]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="165">N.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAAEFF9DEF0FFE5CF86B7CC76387" box="[440,466,1997,2020]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="165">N.</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAAEFF9DEF0FFE01F86B7F526387" box="[485,583,1997,2020]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="165">succinea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D3FFF9DEF0FFD69F86B783A6386" authority="Audouin & Milne-Edwards, 1833" authorityName="Audouin & Milne-Edwards" authorityYear="1833" box="[653,1327,1996,2021]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="8" pageNumber="165" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="marionii" subGenus="Perinereis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAAEFF9DEF0FFD69F86B7FB26387" box="[653,679,1997,2020]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="165">N.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAAEFF9DEF0FFD5EF86B7E3B6387" box="[698,814,1997,2020]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="165">Perinereis</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAAEFF9DEF0FFCA5F86B7EB46387" box="[833,929,1997,2020]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="165">marionii</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B4DFF9DEF0FFC48F86A783A6386" author="Audouin" box="[940,1327,1996,2021]" pageId="8" pageNumber="165" refString="Audouin, J. V. & Milne-Edwards, H. (1833) Classification des Annelides et description de celles qui habitent les cotes de la France. Annales des sciences naturelles, Serie 1, 29, 195 - 269. [Paris]" type="journal article" year="1833">Audouin & Milne-Edwards, 1833</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Gulf of Biscay based on the original descriptions. Later,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B4DFF9CEF0EFCCDFF317EDC64D3" author="Fauvel" box="[809,969,151,176]" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" refString="Fauvel, P. (1912) Sur quelques nereidiens (Perinereis marionii Aud. Edw. - P. macropus Clap. - Neanthes succinea Leuck.). Comptes rendu de l'Association Francaise pour l'avancement des sciences, 40, 559 - 566." type="journal article" year="1912">Fauvel (1912)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
separated
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D3FFF9CEF0EFBA2FF3F79D964CC" box="[1094,1228,152,176]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="succinea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAAEFF9CEF0EFBA2FF3F79D964CC" box="[1094,1228,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="166">N. succinea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAAEFF9CEF0EFAF1FF3F788564CC" box="[1301,1424,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="166">P. m ar i on i i</emphasis>
|
||
; however, he synonymized
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D3FFF9CEF0EFE20FF1A7E0364B7" authority="Ehlers, 1868" authorityName="Ehlers" authorityYear="1868" box="[452,790,187,212]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="lamellosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAAEFF9CEF0EFE20FF1A7F9564B0" box="[452,640,187,211]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="166">Nereis lamellosa</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B4DFF9CEF0EFD6CFF1D7E0364B7" author="Ehlers" box="[648,790,187,212]" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" refString="Ehlers, E. (1868) Die Borstenwurmer (Annelida Chaetopoda) nach Systematischen und Anatomischen Untersuchungen. Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, xx + 269, 269 - 748, 24 taf." type="journal article" year="1868">Ehlers, 1868</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAAEFF9CEF0EFCB3FF1A7EF464B0" box="[855,993,188,211]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="166">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D3FFF9CEF0EFCB3FF1A7ECB64B0" box="[855,990,188,211]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="succinea">N. succinea</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
suggesting the presence of this species in the Mediterranean Sea.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B4DFF9CEF0EFE2EFF787F7E6494" author="Fauvel" box="[458,619,222,247]" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" refString="Fauvel, P. (1919) Annelides Polychetes de la Guyane Francaise. Bulletin du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, 25, 472 - 479. [Paris] Fauvel, P. (1923 a) Annelides Polychetes des iles Gambiers et de la Guyane francaise. Memorie della Pontificia Accademia Romana dei Nuovi Lincei, Series 2, 6, 1 - 59." type="journal article" year="1919">Fauvel (1919)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recorded
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D3FFF9CEF0EFD05FF467E886494" box="[737,925,223,247]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="succinea" subGenus="Neanthes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAAEFF9CEF0EFD05FF467FEE6494" box="[737,763,224,247]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="166">N.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAAEFF9CEF0EFCE9FF467E3D6494" box="[781,808,224,247]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="166">N.</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAAEFF9CEF0EFCDFFF467E886494" box="[827,925,224,247]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="166">succinea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F368762CFF9CEF0EFC03FF7879526494" box="[999,1095,222,247]" name="United States of America" pageId="9" pageNumber="166">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
and implied similarities with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D3FFF9CEF0EFF73FEA57CE36578" authority="Ehlers, 1908" authorityName="Ehlers" authorityYear="1908" box="[151,502,258,283]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="glandulosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAAEFF9CEF0EFF73FEA57C766579" box="[151,355,258,282]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="166">Nereis glandulosa</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B4DFF9CEF0EFE8DFEA47CE36578" author="Ehlers" box="[361,502,258,283]" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" refString="Ehlers, E. (1908) Die bodensassigen Anneliden aus den Sammlungen der deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der deutschen Tiefsee- Expedition au dem Dampfer " Valdivia ", 16, 1 - 167. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1038 / 078267 a 0" type="journal article" year="1908">Ehlers, 1908</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D3FFF9CEF0EFDC9FEA57E2F6578" authority="Ehlers, 1868" authorityName="Ehlers" authorityYear="1868" box="[557,826,258,283]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Neanthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="limbata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAAEFF9CEF0EFDC9FEA57FB66579" box="[557,675,258,282]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="166">N. limbata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B4DFF9CEF0EFD4EFEA47E2F6578" author="Ehlers" box="[682,826,258,283]" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" refString="Ehlers, E. (1868) Die Borstenwurmer (Annelida Chaetopoda) nach Systematischen und Anatomischen Untersuchungen. Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, xx + 269, 269 - 748, 24 taf." type="journal article" year="1868">Ehlers, 1868</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Subsequently,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B4DFF9CEF0EFC0CFEA4796A6578" author="Fauvel" box="[1000,1151,258,283]" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" refString="Fauvel, P. (1923 b) Polychetes errantes. Faune de France, 5, 1 - 488." type="journal article" year="1923">
|
||
Fauvel (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B4DFF9CEF0EFBA0FEA5796A6578" author="Fauvel" box="[1092,1151,259,283]" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" refString="Fauvel, P. (1923 b) Polychetes errantes. Faune de France, 5, 1 - 488." type="journal article" year="1923" yearSuffix="a">1923</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
a, b) reaffirmed that these two species, as well as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D3FFF9CEF0EFE45FE817F25655D" box="[417,560,294,318]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="lamellosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAAEFF9CEF0EFE45FE817F25655D" box="[417,560,294,318]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="166">N. lamellosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D3FFF9CEF0EFD8DFE817FF7655D" box="[617,738,295,318]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Neanthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="perrieri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAAEFF9CEF0EFD8DFE817FF7655D" box="[617,738,295,318]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="166">N. perrieri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, were junior synonyms of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D3FFF9CEF0EFBF1FE8179DB655D" box="[1045,1230,294,318]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="succinea" subGenus="Neanthes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAAEFF9CEF0EFBF1FE81793A655D" box="[1045,1071,295,318]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="166">N.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAAEFF9CEF0EFBA4FE81794E655D" box="[1088,1115,295,318]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="166">N.</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAAEFF9CEF0EFB88FE8179DB655D" box="[1132,1230,295,318]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="166">succinea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and he expanded the distribution to include the Western Atlantic and Indian Oceans.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC036BCFF9CEF0EFF23FECB780C668E" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1991]" pageId="9" pageNumber="166">
|
||
In those years,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D3FFF9CEF0EFE9EFECB7CEA65E7" box="[378,511,365,388]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="succinea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAAEFF9CEF0EFE9EFECB7CEA65E7" box="[378,511,365,388]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="166">N. succinea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was treated as senior synonym of a number of morphologically similar species described worldwide. Thus, several new records of the species from widespread localities appeared: Black Sea (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B4DFF9CEF0EFF7AFE127C7065AE" author="Annenkova" box="[158,357,436,461]" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" refString="Annenkova, N. P. (1929) Polychaeten aus dem Reliktsee Palaostom (West Kaukasus) und den mit ihm verbundenen Flussen. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR, 21, 138 - 140." type="journal article" year="1929">Annenkova 1929</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Caribbean Sea (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B4DFF9CEF0EFDC8FE137FC465AE" author="Augener" box="[556,721,437,461]" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" refString="Augener, H. (1933) Polychaeten aus den Zoologischen Museen von Leiden und Amsterdam. Zoologische Mededeelingen uitgegeven door het Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie te Leiden, 15, 177 - 260." type="journal article" year="1933">Augener 1933</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), South American Atlantic coast (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B4DFF9CEF0EFBB4FE1279F865AE" author="Fauvel" box="[1104,1261,436,461]" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" refString="Fauvel, P. (1923 b) Polychetes errantes. Faune de France, 5, 1 - 488." type="journal article" year="1923" yearSuffix="a">Fauvel 1923a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, b: synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D3FFF9CEF0EFF73FE7F7CBB6592" authority="Monro 1938" authorityName="Monro" authorityYear="1938" box="[151,430,473,497]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Neanthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="limbata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAAEFF9CEF0EFF73FE7F7C1B6592" box="[151,270,473,497]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="166">N. limbata</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B4DFF9CEF0EFEF9FE7F7CBB6592" author="Monro" box="[285,430,473,497]" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" refString="Monro, C. C. A. (1938) On a small collection of polychaeta from Uruguay. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 2, 311 - 314." type="journal article" year="1938">Monro 1938</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D3FFF9CEF0EFDACFE7F7FD96592" box="[584,716,473,497]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Neanthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="australis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAAEFF9CEF0EFDACFE7F7FD96592" box="[584,716,473,497]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="166">N. australis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), Central American Pacific coast (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B4DFF9CEF0EFBB1FE7F79FD6592" author="Monro" box="[1109,1256,473,497]" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" refString="Monro, C. C. A. (1933) The polychaeta errantia collected by Dr. C. Crossland at Colon, in the Panama region, and the Galapagos Islands during the expedition of the S. Y. St. George. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1933, 1 - 96." type="proceedings paper" year="1933">Monro 1933</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D3FFF9CEF0EFA66FE7F7C176676" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Alitta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="acutifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAAEFF9CEF0EFA66FE7F7C176676" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="166">N. acutifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B4DFF9CEF0EFEF5FE5A7F276676" author="Hartmann-Schroder" box="[273,562,508,533]" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" refString="Hartmann-Schroder, G. (1959) Zur Okologie der Polychaeten des Mangrove-Estero-Gebietes von El Salvador. Beitrage zur neotropischen Fauna, 1, 69 - 183." type="journal article" year="1959">Hartmann-Schröder 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), North American Pacific coast (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B4DFF9CEF0EFC46FE5B795D6676" author="Hartman" box="[930,1096,509,533]" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" refString="Hartman, O. (1938) Brackish and fresh-water Nereidae from the northeast Pacific, with the description of a new species from central California. University of California Publications in Zoology, 43, 79 - 82." type="journal article" year="1938">Hartman 1938</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B4DFF9CEF0EFBB7FE5A799A6676" author="Hartman" box="[1107,1167,508,533]" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" refString="Hartman, O. (1954) The marine annelids of San Francisco Bay and its environs, California. Occasional Papers of the Allan Hancock Foundation, 15, 1 - 20." type="journal article" year="1954">1954</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D3FFF9CEF0EFAC3FE5B78816676" box="[1319,1428,509,533]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Neanthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="saltoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAAEFF9CEF0EFAC3FE5B78816676" box="[1319,1428,509,533]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="166">N. saltoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B4DFF9CEF0EFF73FD867C0E665A" author="Rioja" box="[151,283,544,569]" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" refString="Rioja, E. (1947) Estudios anelidologicos, XVII. Contribucion al conocimiento de los anelidos poliquetos de Baja California y Mar de Cortes. Anales del Instituto de Biologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, 18, 197 - 224." type="journal article" year="1947">Rioja 1947</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B4DFF9CEF0EFEC9FD867C7C665A" author="Rioja" box="[301,361,544,569]" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" refString="Rioja, E. (1962) Estudios anelidologicos. XXVI. Algunos anelidos poliquetos de las costas del Pacifico de Mexico. Anales del Instituto de Biologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, 33, 131 - 229." type="journal article" year="1962">1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), North American Atlantic coast (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B4DFF9CEF0EFCE5FD877EB8665A" author="Hartman" box="[769,941,544,569]" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" refString="Hartman, O. (1945) The marine annelids of North Carolina. Bulletin of the Duke University Marine Station, 2, 1 - 51." type="journal article" year="1945">Hartman 1945</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B4DFF9CEF0EFC5BFD867951665A" author="Rioja" box="[959,1092,544,569]" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" refString="Rioja, E. (1946) Estudios anelidologicos. XV. Nereidos de agua salobre de los esteros del litoral del Golfo de Mexico. Anales del Instituto de Biologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, 17, 205 - 214." type="journal article" year="1946">Rioja 1946</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B4DFF9CEF0EFBB1FD86788D665A" author="Berkeley" box="[1109,1432,544,569]" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" refString="Berkeley, E. & Berkeley, C. (1953) Swarming of Nereis succinea (Leuckart) off the East Coast of Canada. Nature, 171, 847. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1038 / 171847 a 0" type="journal article" year="1953">Berkeley & Berkeley 1953</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B4DFF9CEF0EFF73FDE27C50663E" author="Pettibone" box="[151,325,580,605]" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" refString="Pettibone, M. H. (1963) Marine polychaete worms of the New England region. 1. Aphroditidae through Trochochaetidae. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 227, 1 - 356." type="journal article" year="1963">Pettibone 1963</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Baltic Sea (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B4DFF9CEF0EFE06FDE37F7B663E" author="Banse" box="[482,622,580,605]" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" refString="Banse, K. (1954) Uber Morphologie und Larvalentwicklung von Nereis (Neanthes) succinea (Leuckart) 1847. Zoologische Jahrbucher. Abteilung fur Anatomie und Ontogenie der Tiere, 74, 160 - 171." type="journal article" year="1954">Banse 1954</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D3FFF9CEF0EFCE8FDE37E84663E" box="[780,913,581,605]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="reibischi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAAEFF9CEF0EFCE8FDE37E84663E" box="[780,913,581,605]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="166">N. reibischi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B4DFF9CEF0EFC46FDE2793C663E" author="Smith" box="[930,1065,580,605]" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" refString="Smith, R. I. (1963) On the occurrence of Nereis (Neanthes) succinea at the Kristineberg Zoological Station, Sweden, and its recent northward spread. Arkiv for Zoologi, 15, 437 - 441." type="journal article" year="1963">Smith 1963</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), African Atlantic coast (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B4DFF9CEF0EFAAAFDE27DC766E2" author="Tebble" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" refString="Tebble, N. (1955) The polychaete fauna of the Gold Coast. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Series Zoology, 3, 59 - 148." type="journal article" year="1955">Tebble 1955</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B4DFF9CEF0EFF05FDCE7CF966E2" author="Fauvel" box="[225,492,616,641]" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" refString="Fauvel, P. & Rullier, F. (1959) Contribution a la faune des annelides polychetes du Senegal et de Mauritanie. Premiere Partie. Bulletin de l'Institut francais d'Afrique noire, Series A, 21, 477 - 533." type="journal article" year="1959">Fauvel & Rullier 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Western Pacific coast (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B4DFF9CEF0EFCE8FDCE7EA766E2" author="Imajima" box="[780,946,616,641]" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" refString="Imajima, M. (1972) Review of the annelid worms of the family Nereidae of Japan, with descriptions of five new species or subspecies. Bulletin of the National Science Museum, 15, 37 - 153. [Tokyo]" type="journal article" year="1972">Imajima 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B4DFF9CEF0EFC24FDCE794366E2" author="Wilson" box="[960,1110,616,641]" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" refString="Wilson, R. S. (1984) Neanthes (Polychaeta: Nereididae) from Victoria with descriptions of two new species. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria, 96, 209 - 226." type="journal article" year="1984">Wilson 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D3FFF9CEF0EFB13FDCF7C5466C6" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nectoneanthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="oxypoda">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAAEFF9CEF0EFB13FDCF7DE366C6" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="166">Nectoneanthes oxypoda</emphasis>
|
||
, 1988
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D3FFF9CEF0EFE3BFD2B7F9566C6" box="[479,640,653,677]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Neanthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="alatopalpis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAAEFF9CEF0EFE3BFD2B7F9566C6" box="[479,640,653,677]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="166">N. alatopalpis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and other many localities (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B4DFF9CEF0EFC2FFD2B796166C6" author="Hartman" box="[971,1140,652,677]" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" refString="Hartman, O. (1959) Catalogue of the polychaetous annelids of the world. Part 1. Occasional Papers of the Allan Hancock Foundation, 23, 1 - 353." type="journal article" year="1959">Hartman 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Since then, the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D3FFF9CEF0EFA66FD2B7DEC66AB" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="succinea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAAEFF9CEF0EFA66FD2B7DEC66AB" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="166">N. succinea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has remained in different regions of the world (
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAAEFF9CEF0EFCF6FD177E2666AB" box="[786,819,689,712]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="166">e.g</emphasis>
|
||
.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B4DFF9CEF0EFCACFD177EE466AA" author="Wu" box="[840,1009,689,713]" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" refString="Wu, B. L., Sun, R. & Yang, D. (1981) The Nereidae (Polychaetous Annelids) of the Chinese Coast. Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica, Qingdao (Tsingtao), vi + 234 pp. [English translation published by China Ocean Press, Beijing and Springer-Verlag, Berlin, vi + 234 pp., 1985]" type="book" year="1981">
|
||
Wu
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAAEFF9CEF0EFC93FD177EBC66AA" box="[887,937,689,713]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="166">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1981
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B4DFF9CEF0EFC19FD1679D766AA" author="Khlebovich" box="[1021,1218,688,713]" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" refString="Khlebovich, V. V. (1996) Fauna of Russia and neighbouring countries. Polychaetous annelids. 3. Polychaetes of the family Nereididae of the Russian Seas and the adjacent waters. New Series 140. Russian Academy of Sciences, Zoological Institute, St Petersburg. Nauka Publishing House, Moscow, 222 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1996">Khlebovich 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; de
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B4DFF9CEF0EFB0BFD167C04668E" author="Leon-Gonzalez" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" refString="de Leon-Gonzalez, J. A., Solis-Weiss, V. & Ochoa-Rivera, V. (1999) Nereidids (Polychaeta) from the Caribbean Sea and adjacent Coral Islands of the southern Gulf of Mexico. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 112, 667 - 681." type="journal article" year="1999">
|
||
León-González
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAAEFF9CEF0EFF73FD737DDD668E" box="[151,200,725,749]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="166">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1999
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; de
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B4DFF9CEF0EFEDAFD727FC1668E" author="Leon-Gonzalez" box="[318,724,724,749]" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" refString="de Leon-Gonzalez, J. A. & Solis-Weiss, V. (2000) A review of the polychaete family Nereididae from western Mexico. Bulletin of Marine Science, 67, 549 - 569." type="journal article" year="2000">León-González & Solís-Weiss 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B4DFF9CEF0EFD04FD737E4B668E" author="Dean" box="[736,862,725,749]" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" refString="Dean, H. K. (2001) Some Nereididae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from the Pacific Coast of Costa Rica. Revista de Biologia Tropical, 49, 37 - 67." type="journal article" year="2001">Dean 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Villalobos-Guerrero 2012;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B4DFF9CEF0EFB7CFD73781B668E" author="Sato" box="[1176,1294,725,749]" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" refString="Sato, M. (2013) Resurrection of the genus Nectoneanthes Imajima, 1972 (Nereididae: Polychaeta), with redescription of Nectoneanthes oxypoda (Marenzeller, 1879) and description of a new species, comparing them to Neanthes succinea (Leuckart, 1847). Journal of Natural History, 47, 1 - 50." type="journal article" year="2013">Sato 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC036BCFF9CEF0EFF23FD5E7CF06017" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1991]" pageId="9" pageNumber="166">
|
||
Descriptions of specimens from diverse regions were combined and the morphology of the species has not been defined accurately.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B4DFF9CEF0EFE54FCBA7F596756" author="Wilson" box="[432,588,796,821]" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" refString="Wilson, R. S. (1984) Neanthes (Polychaeta: Nereididae) from Victoria with descriptions of two new species. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria, 96, 209 - 226." type="journal article" year="1984">Wilson (1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B4DFF9CEF0EFDBCFCBB7F846756" author="Wilson" box="[600,657,797,821]" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" refString="Wilson, R. S. (1988) Synonymy of the genus Nectoneanthes Imajima, 1972, with Neanthes Kinberg, 1866 (Polychaeta: Nereididae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 101, 4 - 10." type="journal article" year="1988">1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) studied some specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F368762CFF9CEF0EFC1CFCBB79756756" box="[1016,1120,797,821]" name="Germany" pageId="9" pageNumber="166">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
||
and other countries. He did not find convincing differences between them and even he considered
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D3FFF9CEF0EFC16FCE67982673B" box="[1010,1175,832,856]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nectoneanthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAAEFF9CEF0EFC16FCE67982673B" box="[1010,1175,832,856]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="166">Nectoneanthes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
a junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D3FFF9CEF0EFF73FCC57DEA6718" box="[151,255,867,891]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Neanthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAAEFF9CEF0EFF73FCC57DEA6718" box="[151,255,867,891]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="166">Neanthes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B4DFF9CEF0EFEEBFCC57F54671F" author="Hartmann-Schroder" box="[271,577,867,892]" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" refString="Hartmann-Schroder, G. (1996) Annelida, Borstenwurmer, Polychaeta. Gustav Fischer, Jena, 648 pp. [Germany]" type="book" year="1996">Hartmann-Schröder (1996)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
briefly characterized
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D3FFF9CEF0EFCD8FCC27ED56718" box="[828,960,868,891]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="succinea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAAEFF9CEF0EFCD8FCC27ED56718" box="[828,960,868,891]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="166">N. succinea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on material from both the Western and Eastern shores of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F368762CFF9CEF0EFE68FC217CE167FC" box="[396,500,903,927]" name="Germany" pageId="9" pageNumber="166">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F368762CFF9CEF0EFDCFFC207F8267FC" box="[555,663,902,927]" name="Denmark" pageId="9" pageNumber="166">Denmark</collectingCountry>
|
||
. She did not include paragnath numbers of some areas and the ranges of meristic features were very wide in epitokous forms.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B4DFF9CEF0EFCFBFC0C795767A0" author="Bakken" box="[799,1090,938,963]" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" refString="Bakken, T. & Wilson, R. S. (2005) Phylogeny of nereidids (Polychaeta, Nereididae) with paragnaths. Zoologica Scripta, 34, 507 - 547. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.2005.00200. x" type="journal article" year="2005">Bakken & Wilson (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
characterized
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D3FFF9CEF0EFB0EFC0D787A67A1" box="[1258,1391,939,962]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="succinea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAAEFF9CEF0EFB0EFC0D787A67A1" box="[1258,1391,939,962]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="166">N. succinea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but non-topotype material was used; they transferred the species to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D3FFF9CEF0EFCBAFC6B79526785" authority="Kinberg, 1865" authorityName="Kinberg" authorityYear="1865" box="[862,1095,973,998]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Alitta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAAEFF9CEF0EFCBAFC6B7E896786" box="[862,924,973,997]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="166">Alitta</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B4DFF9CEF0EFC47FC6B79526785" author="Kinberg" box="[931,1095,973,998]" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" refString="Kinberg, J. G. H. (1865) Annulata nova. Nereidum dispositio nova. Ofversigt af Kongelige Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forhandlingar, 22, 167 - 179." type="journal article" year="1865">Kinberg, 1865</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which included three species:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D3FFF9CEF0EFF73FC577CE26069" authority="Malmgren, 1865" authorityName="Malmgren" authorityYear="1865" box="[151,503,1009,1034]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Alitta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="brandti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAAEFF9CEF0EFF73FC577C25606A" box="[151,304,1009,1033]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="166">Alitta brandti</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B4DFF9CEF0EFEDCFC577CE26069" author="Malmgren" box="[312,503,1009,1034]" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" refString="Malmgren, A. J. (1865) Nordiska Hafs-Annulater. Ofversigt af Konglia Vetenskaps-Akademiens forhandlingar, Stockholm, 22, 51 - 110." type="journal article" year="1865">Malmgren, 1865</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D3FFF9CEF0EFDE7FC577E516069" authority="Stimpson, 1853" authorityName="Stimpson" authorityYear="1853" box="[515,836,1009,1034]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Alitta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="grandis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAAEFF9CEF0EFDE7FC577F6D606A" box="[515,632,1009,1033]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="166">A. grandis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B4DFF9CEF0EFD6DFC577E296069" author="Stimpson" box="[649,828,1009,1034]" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" refString="Stimpson, W. (1853) Synopsis of the marine Invertebrata of Grand Manan: or the region about the mouth of the Bay of Fundy, New Brunswick. Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, 6, 1 - 66, 3 pls." type="journal article" year="1853">Stimpson, 1853</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D3FFF9CEF0EFC99FC577EF5606A" box="[893,992,1009,1033]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="virens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAAEFF9CEF0EFC99FC577EF5606A" box="[893,992,1009,1033]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="166">A. virens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B4DFF9CEF0EFC0BFC577961606A" author="Sato" box="[1007,1140,1009,1033]" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" refString="Sato, M. (2013) Resurrection of the genus Nectoneanthes Imajima, 1972 (Nereididae: Polychaeta), with redescription of Nectoneanthes oxypoda (Marenzeller, 1879) and description of a new species, comparing them to Neanthes succinea (Leuckart, 1847). Journal of Natural History, 47, 1 - 50." type="journal article" year="2013">Sato (2013)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
rejected the synonymy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D3FFF9CEF0EFF73FBB37C29604E" box="[151,316,1045,1069]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nectoneanthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAAEFF9CEF0EFF73FBB37C29604E" box="[151,316,1045,1069]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="166">Nectoneanthes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D3FFF9CEF0EFE61FBB37CF8604E" box="[389,493,1045,1069]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Neanthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAAEFF9CEF0EFE61FBB37CF8604E" box="[389,493,1045,1069]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="166">Neanthes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the transference of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D3FFF9CEF0EFCF0FBB37E89604F" box="[788,924,1045,1068]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="succinea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAAEFF9CEF0EFCF0FBB37E89604F" box="[788,924,1045,1068]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="166">N. succinea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D3FFF9CEF0EFC2EFBB3791D604E" box="[970,1032,1045,1069]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Alitta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAAEFF9CEF0EFC2EFBB3791D604E" box="[970,1032,1045,1069]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="166">Alitta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, keeping the species in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D3FFF9CEF0EFAC8FBB37881604E" box="[1324,1428,1045,1069]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Neanthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAAEFF9CEF0EFAC8FBB37881604E" box="[1324,1428,1045,1069]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="166">Neanthes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Furthermore, he characterized the species by a combination of features based both on
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C4881EFF9CEF0EFBB1FB9F79906032" box="[1109,1157,1081,1105]" pageId="9" pageNumber="166">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material and on material from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F368762CFF9CEF0EFF30FBFA7C016010" box="[212,276,1116,1139]" name="Japan" pageId="9" pageNumber="166">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
and other regions.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC036BCFF9CEF0EFF23FB267CCB60BD" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1991]" pageId="9" pageNumber="166">
|
||
In the present study, we sought to characterize
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D3FFF9CEF0EFD3CFB267E4960F4" box="[728,860,1152,1175]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="succinea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAAEFF9CEF0EFD3CFB267E4960F4" box="[728,860,1152,1175]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="166">N. succinea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based exclusively on
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C4881EFF9CEF0EFBB1FB26799060FB" box="[1109,1157,1152,1176]" pageId="9" pageNumber="166">type</typeStatus>
|
||
and topotypic materials, incorporating recent taxonomic revisions in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D3FFF9CEF0EFD71FB047E0160D8" box="[661,788,1186,1211]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" phylum="Annelida" rank="family">Nereididae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Also, we consider that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D3FFF9CEF0EFBCAFB0579A660D9" box="[1070,1203,1187,1210]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="succinea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAAEFF9CEF0EFBCAFB0579A660D9" box="[1070,1203,1187,1210]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="166">N. succinea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
must be retained in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D3FFF9CEF0EFF73FB607DC060BD" box="[151,213,1222,1246]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Alitta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAAEFF9CEF0EFF73FB607DC060BD" box="[151,213,1222,1246]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="166">Alitta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see comments above).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC036BCFF9CEF0EFF23FB4C79DB627D" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1991]" pageId="9" pageNumber="166">
|
||
As with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D3FFF9CEF0EFEC0FB4C7CB06162" box="[292,421,1258,1281]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="succinea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAAEFF9CEF0EFEC0FB4C7CB06162" box="[292,421,1258,1281]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="166">A. succinea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D3FFF9CEF0EFE56FB4C7F006162" box="[434,533,1258,1281]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="virens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAAEFF9CEF0EFE56FB4C7F006162" box="[434,533,1258,1281]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="166">A. virens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a complex taxonomic history.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B4DFF9CEF0EFC72FB4C79026161" author="Sars" box="[918,1047,1257,1282]" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" refString="Sars, M. (1835) Beskrivelser og Iagttagelser over nogle moerkelige eller nye i Havet ved den Bergenske Kyst levende Dyr af Polypernes, Acalephernes, Radiaternes, Annelidernes og Molluskernes classer, med en kort Oversigt over de hidtil af Forfatter. Bergen. Trykt paa Thorstein Hallagers Forlag hos Chr. Dahl, R. S. xii + 81 pp., 15 pls." type="book" year="1835">Sars (1835)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described the species from Bergen (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F368762CFF9CEF0EFF7BFAAB7DEA6146" box="[159,255,1293,1317]" name="Norway" pageId="9" pageNumber="166">Norway</collectingCountry>
|
||
), but it has been widely recorded in temperate and boreal waters from the Northern Hemisphere (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B4DFF9CEF0EFAD9FAAA7DC6612B" author="Imajima" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" refString="Imajima, M. (1972) Review of the annelid worms of the family Nereidae of Japan, with descriptions of five new species or subspecies. Bulletin of the National Science Museum, 15, 37 - 153. [Tokyo]" type="journal article" year="1972">Imajima 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B4DFF9CEF0EFF05FA967CBF612A" author="Khlebovich" box="[225,426,1328,1353]" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" refString="Khlebovich, V. V. (1996) Fauna of Russia and neighbouring countries. Polychaetous annelids. 3. Polychaetes of the family Nereididae of the Russian Seas and the adjacent waters. New Series 140. Russian Academy of Sciences, Zoological Institute, St Petersburg. Nauka Publishing House, Moscow, 222 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1996">Khlebovich 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B4DFF9CEF0EFE5CFA967FE7612B" author="Khlebovich" box="[440,754,1328,1353]" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" refString="Khlebovich, V. V. & Jirkov, I. A. (2001) Nereidae Lamarck, 1818. In: Jirkov, I. A. (Ed.), Polychaeta of the Arctic Ocean. Yanus- K, pp. 222 - 235. [in Russian]" type="book chapter" year="2001">Khlebovich & Jirkov 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B4DFF9CEF0EFCE5FA96790D612A" author="Bakken" box="[769,1048,1328,1353]" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" refString="Bakken, T. & Wilson, R. S. (2005) Phylogeny of nereidids (Polychaeta, Nereididae) with paragnaths. Zoologica Scripta, 34, 507 - 547. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.2005.00200. x" type="journal article" year="2005">Bakken & Wilson 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This species is morphologically similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D3FFF9CEF0EFEF3FAF27C84610F" box="[279,401,1364,1388]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Alitta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="brandti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAAEFF9CEF0EFEF3FAF27C84610F" box="[279,401,1364,1388]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="166">A. brandti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Sea of Okhotsk,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F368762CFF9CEF0EFD9EFAF57FD3610F" box="[634,710,1363,1388]" name="Russia" pageId="9" pageNumber="166">Russia</collectingCountry>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D3FFF9CEF0EFCF7FAF27E85610F" box="[787,912,1364,1388]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Alitta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="grandis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAAEFF9CEF0EFCF7FAF27E85610F" box="[787,912,1364,1388]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="166">A. grandis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Grand Manan Island,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F368762CFF9CEF0EFB56FAF5781E610F" box="[1202,1291,1363,1388]" name="Canada" pageId="9" pageNumber="166">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
), both were synonymized under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D3FFF9CEF0EFE99FAD17CF561EC" box="[381,480,1399,1423]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="virens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAAEFF9CEF0EFE99FAD17CF561EC" box="[381,480,1399,1423]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="166">A. virens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on different occasions (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B4DFF9CEF0EFD17FAD17E9561F3" author="Ehlers" box="[755,896,1399,1424]" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" refString="Ehlers, E. (1868) Die Borstenwurmer (Annelida Chaetopoda) nach Systematischen und Anatomischen Untersuchungen. Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, xx + 269, 269 - 748, 24 taf." type="journal article" year="1868">Ehlers 1868</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B4DFF9CEF0EFC69FAD1792961EC" author="McIntosh" box="[909,1084,1399,1424]" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" refString="McIntosh, W. C. (1910) A Monograph of the British Annelids, 2. Polychaeta. Syllidae to Ariciidae. Vol. 2. Ray Society of London, London, 291 pp. [pp. 233 - 524]" type="book chapter" year="1910">McIntosh 1910</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B4DFF9CEF0EFBADFAD179FD61F3" author="Fauvel" box="[1097,1256,1399,1424]" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" refString="Fauvel, P. (1923 b) Polychetes errantes. Faune de France, 5, 1 - 488." type="journal article" year="1923" yearSuffix="b">Fauvel 1923b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B4DFF9CEF0EFB19FAD17C1061D0" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" refString="Khlebovich, V. V., Komendantov, A. Y. & Shklyarevich, G. A. (1980) Validity of Nereis virens, N. grandis and N. brandti (Annelida, Polychaeta) and variations in the number of their paragnaths. Zoologicheskii zhurnal, 59, 1617 - 1624." type="book chapter">
|
||
Khlebovich
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAAEFF9CEF0EFA6CFADE7DB861D0" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="166">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1980)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B4DFF9CEF0EFEDFFA3C7F1B61D0" author="Khlebovich" box="[315,526,1434,1459]" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" refString="Khlebovich, V. V. (1996) Fauna of Russia and neighbouring countries. Polychaetous annelids. 3. Polychaetes of the family Nereididae of the Russian Seas and the adjacent waters. New Series 140. Russian Academy of Sciences, Zoological Institute, St Petersburg. Nauka Publishing House, Moscow, 222 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1996">Khlebovich (1996)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
validated the species based on the variability of paragnaths number, reproductive strategies, and behavior of larvae; however, these authors also based descriptions on specimens combined from different regions. We retain all three species within the complex “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D3FFF9CEF0EFC76FA447EE2619A" box="[914,1015,1506,1529]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="virens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAAEFF9CEF0EFC76FA447EE2619A" box="[914,1015,1506,1529]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="166">A. virens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” pending a complete morphological study based on
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C4881EFF9CEF0EFEA0F9A07C61627D" box="[324,372,1542,1566]" pageId="9" pageNumber="166">type</typeStatus>
|
||
and/or topotypic materials to evaluate the taxonomic status of these species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC036BCFF9CEF0EFF23F98E7F4A63A4" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1991]" pageId="9" pageNumber="166">
|
||
According to the most recent characterizations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D3FFF9CEF0EFD1DF98F7E496223" box="[761,860,1577,1600]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="virens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAAEFF9CEF0EFD1DF98F7E496223" box="[761,860,1577,1600]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="166">A. virens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from boreal waters (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B4DFF9CEF0EFBA2F98E781B6222" author="Khlebovich" box="[1094,1294,1576,1601]" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" refString="Khlebovich, V. V. (1996) Fauna of Russia and neighbouring countries. Polychaetous annelids. 3. Polychaetes of the family Nereididae of the Russian Seas and the adjacent waters. New Series 140. Russian Academy of Sciences, Zoological Institute, St Petersburg. Nauka Publishing House, Moscow, 222 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1996">Khlebovich 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B4DFF9CEF0EFAFDF98E7C296207" author="Khlebovich" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" refString="Khlebovich, V. V. & Jirkov, I. A. (2001) Nereidae Lamarck, 1818. In: Jirkov, I. A. (Ed.), Polychaeta of the Arctic Ocean. Yanus- K, pp. 222 - 235. [in Russian]" type="book chapter" year="2001">Khlebovich & Jirkov 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), the differences between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D3FFF9CEF0EFDBAF9EA7FCA6207" box="[606,735,1612,1636]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="succinea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAAEFF9CEF0EFDBAF9EA7FCA6207" box="[606,735,1612,1636]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="166">A. succinea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D3FFF9CEF0EFCF1F9EA7E6D6207" box="[789,888,1612,1636]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="virens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAAEFF9CEF0EFCF1F9EA7E6D6207" box="[789,888,1612,1636]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="166">A. virens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are the proportions of dorsal ligules, the position and extension of dorsal cirri, the presence of heterogomph falcigers, and paragnaths numbers in all areas.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D3FFF9CEF0EFAB9F9C97DEC62C8" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Alitta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="succinea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAAEFF9CEF0EFAB9F9C97DEC62C8" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="166">Alitta succinea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
bears a pennant-like dorsal ligule on posterior chaetigers, dorsal cirrus (sub-) terminally attached on posterior chaetigers, extending beyond ligule, and heterogomph falcigers throughout. Meanwhile,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D3FFF9CEF0EFB00F911785262AD" box="[1252,1351,1719,1742]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="virens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAAEFF9CEF0EFB00F911785262AD" box="[1252,1351,1719,1742]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="166">A. virens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
bears a cordate dorsal ligule on posterior chaetigers, dorsal cirrus mid-dorsally attached to dorsal ligule on posterior chaetigers, not reaching the tip of ligule, heterogomph falcigers only in anterior chaetigers (except in juveniles). The paragnaths of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D3FFF9CEF0EFE8EF8877CD9635B" box="[362,460,1825,1848]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="virens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAAEFF9CEF0EFE8EF8877CD9635B" box="[362,460,1825,1848]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="166">A. virens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are as follow: Area I= 1 (seldom 2), II= 5−8, III= 7−11, IV= 13−18, V= 0 (seldom 1), VI= 1 (seldom 2), and VII −VIII= 15−25; while
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D3FFF9CEF0EFD5DF8E37E2E633F" box="[697,827,1861,1884]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Alitta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="succinea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAAEFF9CEF0EFD5DF8E37E2E633F" box="[697,827,1861,1884]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="166">A. succinea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has Area I= 3−4, II= 19−22, III= 32−37, IV= 22−25, V= 1−3 (seldom 4), VI= 7−9, and VII −VIII= 50−55.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D3FFF9CEF0EFD03F8CE7E9B631C" box="[743,910,1896,1920]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Alitta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="succinea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAAEFF9CEF0EFD03F8CE7E9B631C" box="[743,910,1896,1920]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="166">Alitta succinea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described having 1 or 2 paragnaths in area V (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B4DFF9CEF0EFF5FF82D7C7063C0" author="Leuckart" box="[187,357,1931,1956]" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" refString="Leuckart, R. S. (1847) Verzeichnis der zur Fauna Helgoland's gehorenden wirbellosen Seethiere. In: Frey, H. & Leuckart, R. S. (Eds.), Beitrage zur Kenntnis Wirbelloser Thiere mit Besonderer Berucksichtigung der Fauna des Norddeutschen Meeres. Friedrich Vieweg und sohn, Braunschweig, pp. 136 - 168." type="book chapter" year="1847">Leuckart 1847</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B4DFF9CEF0EFE96F82D7CEB63C7" author="Ehlers" box="[370,510,1931,1956]" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" refString="Ehlers, E. (1868) Die Borstenwurmer (Annelida Chaetopoda) nach Systematischen und Anatomischen Untersuchungen. Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, xx + 269, 269 - 748, 24 taf." type="journal article" year="1868">Ehlers 1868</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); however, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C4881EFF9CEF0EFD4AF82A7FCB63C7" box="[686,734,1932,1956]" pageId="9" pageNumber="166">type</typeStatus>
|
||
materials lack paragnaths in this area; they probably become dislodged due to long-term preservation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC036BCFF9FEF0DFF23FF317E2264B6" blockId="10.[151,1436,151,392]" pageId="10" pageNumber="167">
|
||
Differences between atokous and epitokous specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D3FFF9FEF0DFCB4FF3E7EC964D3" box="[848,988,152,176]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Alitta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="10" pageNumber="167" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="acutifolia" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAAEFF9FEF0DFCB4FF3E7EC964D3" box="[848,988,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="167">A. acutifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23857D5FF9FEF0DFC06FF31795C64D3" box="[994,1097,151,176]" pageId="10" pageNumber="167">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAAEFF9FEF0DFC06FF31795C64D3" bold="true" box="[994,1097,151,176]" pageId="10" pageNumber="167">n. comb.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D3FFF9FEF0DFB9BFF3E781564CC" box="[1151,1280,152,175]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Alitta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="10" pageNumber="167" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="succinea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAAEFF9FEF0DFB9BFF3E781564CC" box="[1151,1280,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="167">A. succinea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are described in the taxonomic remarks of the former species (see below).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC036BCFF9FEF0DFF23FF467E3C65EB" blockId="10.[151,1436,151,392]" pageId="10" pageNumber="167">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D3FFF9FEF0DFF23FF467C7B6494" box="[199,366,224,248]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Alitta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="10" pageNumber="167" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="succinea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAAEFF9FEF0DFF23FF467C7B6494" box="[199,366,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="167">Alitta succinea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D3FFF9FEF0DFE1BFF467E1F649B" box="[511,778,224,248]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nectoneanthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="10" pageNumber="167" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="oxypoda">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAAEFF9FEF0DFE1BFF467E1F649B" box="[511,778,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="167">Nectoneanthes oxypoda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in many features, aside from the generic ones (see remarks of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D3FFF9FEF0DFF51FEA27DE6657F" box="[181,243,260,284]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Alitta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="10" pageNumber="167" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAAEFF9FEF0DFF51FEA27DE6657F" box="[181,243,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="167">Alitta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
): 1) body size, 2) shape of dorsal ligule on posterior chaetigers, 3) presence of notopodial prechaetal lobe, 4) presence of heterogomph spinigers in upper neurochaetae, 5) size and shape of inferior neuropodial lobe, 6) number of paragnaths in area III, 7) appearance of first natatory chaetigers in epitokous specimens, and 8) shape of neuropodial postchaetal lobe in male epitokes (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B4DFF9FEF0DFD42FED67E0865EB" author="Sato" box="[678,797,368,392]" pageId="10" pageNumber="167" refString="Sato, M. (2013) Resurrection of the genus Nectoneanthes Imajima, 1972 (Nereididae: Polychaeta), with redescription of Nectoneanthes oxypoda (Marenzeller, 1879) and description of a new species, comparing them to Neanthes succinea (Leuckart, 1847). Journal of Natural History, 47, 1 - 50." type="journal article" year="2013">Sato 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |