treatments-xml/data/03/C5/87/03C587A5FFF4F947FF3BF9366412FD04.xml

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<mods:title id="97A0D3C508B89ECAC79CC8B98A1E12E5">Bathyal Mollusca from the cold-water coral biotope of Santa Maria di Leuca (Apulian margin, southern Italy)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A38A8126756417A2071E871536ECDB3A">Negri, Mauro Pietro</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="BA4C933030E8EC2A27B4C31AC358E5EC">Corselli, Cesare</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03C587A5FFF4F947FF3BF9366412FD04" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6082228" ID-GBIF-Taxon="124623999" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6082228" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C587A5FFF4F947FF3BF9366412FD04" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C587A5FFF4F947FF3BF9366412FD04" lastPageId="50" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<subSubSection id="C3766538FFF4F945FF3BF9366767F8DB" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BD336B3FFF4F945FF3BF9366435F939" blockId="48.[151,576,1750,1810]" box="[151,576,1750,1776]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<heading id="D09B81DFFFF4F945FF3BF9366435F939" bold="true" box="[151,576,1750,1776]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D30FFF4F945FF3BF9366435F939" ID-CoL="39X7P" authority="Brocchi, 1814" authorityName="Brocchi" authorityYear="1814" box="[151,576,1750,1776]" class="Scaphopoda" family="Entalinidae" genus="Entalina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadilida" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="tetragona">
<emphasis id="B918EAA1FFF4F945FF3BF9366435F939" bold="true" box="[151,576,1750,1776]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis id="B918EAA1FFF4F945FF3BF9366709F939" bold="true" box="[151,380,1750,1776]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Entalina tetragona</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B42FFF4F945FE27F936644DF939" author="Brocchi" box="[395,568,1750,1776]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" refString="Brocchi, G. B. (1814) Conchiologia fossile subapennina con osservazioni geologiche sugli Apennini e sul suolo adiacente. Stamperia Reale, Milano, LXXX + 56 + 712 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11569" type="book" year="1814">Brocchi, 1814</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD336B3FFF4F945FF3BF9196767F8DB" blockId="48.[151,576,1750,1810]" box="[151,274,1785,1810]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<figureCitation id="13572A36FFF4F945FF3BF9196690F8DB" box="[151,229,1785,1810]" captionStart="FIGURE 11. a – c" captionStartId="49.[151,250,1801,1823]" captionTargetBox="[255,1331,195,1780]" captionTargetId="figure@49.[255,1332,195,1780]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURE 11. a – c: Antalis agilis (Sars M. in Sars G. O., 1872), samples BC 04 (a) and BC 72 (b – c), scale bars: 5 mm (a), 0.2 mm (b, posterior aperture), 1 mm (c, anterior aperture); d – f: Entalina tetragona (Brocchi, 1814), sample BC 72, scale bars: 2 mm (d), 0.1 mm (e, posterior aperture), 0.5 mm (f, anterior aperture); g: Cadulus subfusiformis (Sars M., 1865), sample BC 52, scale bar 0.5 mm; h – k: Propilidium exiguum (Thompson, 1844), sample BC 66, scale bars: 1 mm (h – i), 0.1 mm (j – k, protoconch); l – n: Emarginula adriatica (Costa O. G., 1830), sample BC 72, scale bars: 2 mm (l – m), 0.1 mm (n, protoconch); o – q: Emarginula multistriata Jeffreys, 1882, sample BC 70, scale bars: 1 mm (o – p), 0.1 mm (q, protoconch); r – t: Emarginula tenera Locard, 1982, sample BC 71, scale bars: 1 mm (r – s), 0.1 mm (t, protoconch)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/268068/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
d–f
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3766538FFF4F947FF3BF8A162D6FF31" lastPageId="50" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BD336B3FFF4F945FF3BF8A16570F89E" blockId="48.[151,1436,1857,2032]" box="[151,773,1857,1879]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D30FFF4F945FF3BF8A16466F89E" authority="Brocchi, 1814" authorityName="Brocchi" authorityYear="1814" box="[151,531,1857,1879]" class="Scaphopoda" family="Dentaliidae" genus="Dentalium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dentaliida" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="tetragonum">
<emphasis id="B918EAA1FFF4F945FF3BF8A16708F89E" box="[151,381,1857,1879]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Dentalium tetragonum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B42FFF4F945FE2FF8A16466F89E" author="Brocchi" box="[387,531,1857,1879]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" refString="Brocchi, G. B. (1814) Conchiologia fossile subapennina con osservazioni geologiche sugli Apennini e sul suolo adiacente. Stamperia Reale, Milano, LXXX + 56 + 712 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11569" type="book" year="1814">Brocchi, 1814</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(p. 627, pl. 15, fig. 26).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD336B3FFF4F945FF3BF8806476F85D" blockId="48.[151,1436,1857,2032]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D30FFF4F945FF3BF88067CBF8BF" ID-CoL="39X7P" authority="Brocchi" authorityName="Brocchi" box="[151,446,1888,1910]" class="Scaphopoda" family="Entalinidae" genus="Entalina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadilida" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="tetragona">
<emphasis id="B918EAA1FFF4F945FF3BF880672DF8BF" box="[151,344,1888,1910]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Entalina tetragona</emphasis>
(Brocchi)
</taxonomicName>
— 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B42FFF4F945FE74F8806412F8BF" author="Caprotti" box="[472,615,1888,1910]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" refString="Caprotti, E. (1961) Scafopodi piacenziani di Castell'Arquato. Atti della Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali, 100 (4), 345 - 359." type="journal article" year="1961">Caprotti 1961</bibRefCitation>
(p. 356, pl. 20, figs. 7–8); 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B42FFF4F945FCD2F8806235F8BF" author="Di" box="[894,1088,1888,1910]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" refString="Di Geronimo, I. (1974) Molluschi bentonici in sedimenti recenti batiali e abissali dello Jonio. Conchiglie, 10 (7 - 8), 133 - 172." type="journal article" year="1974">Di Geronimo 1974</bibRefCitation>
(p. 153); 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B42FFF4F945FB0AF880668FF85D" author="Di" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" refString="Di Geronimo, I. &amp; Li Gioi, R. (1980) La malacofauna Wurmiana della Staz. BS 77 / 4 al largo di Capo Coda Cavallo (Sardegna Nord orientale). Annali dell'Universita di Ferrara (Nuova Serie), section IX, 6 (supplement), 155 - 190." type="journal article" year="1980">Di Geronimo &amp; Li Gioi 1980</bibRefCitation>
(pl. 1, fig. 7; pl. 3, fig. 6).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD336B3FFF4F945FF3BF87D6203F839" blockId="48.[151,1436,1857,2032]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D30FFF4F945FF3BF87D6788F87A" ID-CoL="39X7P" authority="Brocchi, 1814" authorityName="Brocchi" authorityYear="1814" box="[151,509,1949,1971]" class="Scaphopoda" family="Entalinidae" genus="Entalina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadilida" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="tetragona">
<emphasis id="B918EAA1FFF4F945FF3BF87D672DF87A" box="[151,344,1949,1971]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Entalina tetragona</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B42FFF4F945FECAF87D6783F87A" author="Brocchi" box="[358,502,1949,1971]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" refString="Brocchi, G. B. (1814) Conchiologia fossile subapennina con osservazioni geologiche sugli Apennini e sul suolo adiacente. Stamperia Reale, Milano, LXXX + 56 + 712 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11569" type="book" year="1814">Brocchi, 1814</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
— 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B42FFF4F945FDBBF87D64E0F87A" author="Robba" box="[535,661,1949,1971]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" refString="Robba, E. (1968) Molluschi del Tortoniano-tipo (Piemonte). Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia, 74 (2), 457 - 646." type="journal article" year="1968">Robba 1968</bibRefCitation>
(p. 505, pl. 39, fig. 6); 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B42FFF4F945FC24F87D6261F87A" author="Caprotti" box="[904,1044,1949,1971]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" refString="Caprotti, E. (1979) Scafopodi neogenici e recenti del bacino mediterraneo. Iconografia ed epitome. Bollettino Malacologico, 15 (9 - 10), 213 - 288." type="journal article" year="1979">Caprotti 1979</bibRefCitation>
(p. 251, pl. 13, figs. 4–8); 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B42FFF4F945FA86F87D63E9F87A" author="Pavia" box="[1322,1436,1949,1971]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" refString="Pavia, G. (1991) I molluschi del Messiniano di Borelli (Torino). 2. Scaphopoda. Bollettino del Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali di Torino, 9 (1), 105 - 172." type="journal article" year="1991">Pavia 1991</bibRefCitation>
(p. 132, pl. 8, figs. 7–8); 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B42FFF4F945FE6EF85C64EAF81B" author="Barash" box="[450,671,1980,2002]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" refString="Barash, A. &amp; Danin, Z. (1992) Annotated list of mediterranean molluscs of Israel and Sinai. In: Fauna Palaestina, Mollusca I. Keterpress Enterprises, Jerusalem, pp. 1 - 405." type="book chapter" year="1992">Barash &amp; Danin 1992</bibRefCitation>
(p. 229, fig. 233); 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B42FFF4F945FCF0F85C624AF81B" author="Cossignani" box="[860,1087,1980,2002]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" refString="Cossignani, T., Cossignani, V., Di Nisio, A. &amp; Passamonti, M. (1992) Atlante delle conchiglie del medio Adriatico. L'Informatore Piceno Editore, Ancona, 120 pp." type="book" year="1992">
Cossignani 
<emphasis id="B918EAA1FFF4F945FC7FF85D6273F81B" box="[979,1030,1980,2002]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">et al.</emphasis>
1992
</bibRefCitation>
(fig. 411); 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B42FFF4F945FB1CF85D630EF81B" author="Poppe" box="[1200,1403,1980,2002]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" refString="Poppe, G. T. &amp; Goto, Y. (1993) European Seashells. Volume II. (Scaphopoda, Bivalvia, Cephalopoda). Verlag Christa Hemmen, Wiesbaden, 221 pp." type="book" year="1993">
Poppe &amp; 
<collectingRegion id="49A8F851FFF4F945FAA3F85C6337F81B" box="[1295,1346,1980,2002]" country="Malta" name="Zebbug" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Goto</collectingRegion>
1993
</bibRefCitation>
(p. 35, pl. 1, fig. 12); 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B42FFF4F945FED2F83B6478F839" author="Petersen" box="[382,525,2010,2032]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" refString="Petersen, K. S. (2004) Late Quaternary environmental changes recorded in the Danish marine molluscan faunas. Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland Bulletin, 3, 1 - 268." type="journal article" year="2004">Petersen 2004</bibRefCitation>
(p. 61, fig. 45); 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B42FFF4F945FD1FF83B6501F839" author="Repetto" box="[691,884,2010,2032]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" refString="Repetto, G., Orlando, F. &amp; Arduino, G. (2005) Conchiglie del Mediterraneo: 1770 specie illustrate con distribuzione e frequenza. Amici del Museo &quot; Federico Eusebio &quot;, Alba, 392 pp." type="book" year="2005">
Repetto 
<emphasis id="B918EAA1FFF4F945FCA4F83B654EF839" box="[776,827,2010,2032]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">et al.</emphasis>
2005
</bibRefCitation>
(p. 358, bottom left fig.).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF13663BFFF5F944FF3BF8E9653EF81E" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/268068/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" targetBox="[255,1331,195,1780]" targetPageId="49">
<paragraph id="8BD336B3FFF5F944FF3BF8E9653EF81E" blockId="49.[151,1436,1801,2007]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="B918EAA1FFF5F944FF3BF8E9673DF8D6" bold="true" box="[151,328,1801,1823]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">FIGURE 11. a–c</emphasis>
: 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D30FFF5F944FEF9F8E96577F8D6" ID-CoL="679L5" authority="Sars M. in Sars G.O., 1872" authorityName="Sars M. in Sars G.O." authorityYear="1872" box="[341,770,1801,1823]" class="Scaphopoda" family="Dentaliidae" genus="Antalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dentaliida" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="agilis">
<emphasis id="B918EAA1FFF5F944FEF9F8E967A9F8D6" box="[341,476,1801,1823]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Antalis agilis</emphasis>
(Sars M. in Sars G.O., 1872)
</taxonomicName>
, samples BC04 (a) and BC72 (b–c), scale bars: 5 mm (a), 0.2 mm (b, posterior aperture), 1 mm (c, anterior aperture); 
<emphasis id="B918EAA1FFF5F944FD06F8C864BBF8F7" bold="true" box="[682,718,1832,1854]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">d–f</emphasis>
: 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D30FFF5F944FD70F8C8623CF8F7" ID-CoL="39X7P" authority="Brocchi, 1814" authorityName="Brocchi" authorityYear="1814" box="[732,1097,1832,1854]" class="Scaphopoda" family="Entalinidae" genus="Entalina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadilida" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="tetragona">
<emphasis id="B918EAA1FFF5F944FD70F8C865EBF8F7" box="[732,926,1832,1854]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Entalina tetragona</emphasis>
(Brocchi, 1814)
</taxonomicName>
, sample BC72, scale bars: 2 mm (d), 0.1 mm (e, posterior aperture), 0.5 mm (f, anterior aperture); 
<emphasis id="B918EAA1FFF5F944FC84F8A76540F894" bold="true" box="[808,821,1863,1885]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">g</emphasis>
: 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D30FFF5F944FCEDF8A762BEF894" ID-CoL="P7LP" authority="Sars M., 1865" authorityName="Sars M." authorityYear="1865" box="[833,1227,1863,1885]" class="Scaphopoda" family="Gadilidae" genus="Cadulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadilida" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="subfusiformis">
<emphasis id="B918EAA1FFF5F944FCEDF8A76250F894" box="[833,1061,1863,1885]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Cadulus subfusiformis</emphasis>
(Sars M., 1865)
</taxonomicName>
, sample BC52, scale bar 0.5 mm; 
<emphasis id="B918EAA1FFF5F944FEB4F8856734F8B2" bold="true" box="[280,321,1893,1915]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">h–k</emphasis>
: 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D30FFF5F944FEE2F885649DF8B2" ID-CoL="6W9S4" authority="(Thompson, 1844)" authorityName="Thompson" authorityYear="1844" baseAuthorityName="Thompson" baseAuthorityYear="1844" box="[334,744,1893,1916]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lepetidae" genus="Propilidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepetellida" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="exiguum">
<emphasis id="B918EAA1FFF5F944FEE2F8856451F8B5" box="[334,548,1893,1916]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Propilidium exiguum</emphasis>
(Thompson, 1844)
</taxonomicName>
, sample BC66, scale bars: 1 mm (h–i), 0.1 mm (j–k, protoconch); 
<emphasis id="B918EAA1FFF5F944FA24F88566D0F853" bold="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">l– n</emphasis>
: 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D30FFF5F944FF1FF86467FBF853" ID-CoL="39F7L" box="[179,398,1924,1946]" class="Gastropoda" family="Fissurellidae" genus="Emarginula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepetellida" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="adriatica">
<emphasis id="B918EAA1FFF5F944FF1FF86467FBF853" box="[179,398,1924,1946]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Emarginula adriatica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Costa O.G., 1830), sample BC72, scale bars: 2 mm (l–m), 0.1 mm (n, protoconch); 
<emphasis id="B918EAA1FFF5F944FB43F8646363F853" bold="true" box="[1263,1302,1924,1946]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">o–q</emphasis>
: 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D30FFF5F944FA88F86467DCF870" ID-CoL="39FB9" authority="Jeffreys, 1882" authorityName="Jeffreys" authorityYear="1882" class="Gastropoda" family="Fissurellidae" genus="Emarginula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepetellida" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="multistriata">
<emphasis id="B918EAA1FFF5F944FA88F8646778F870" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Emarginula multistriata</emphasis>
Jeffreys, 1882
</taxonomicName>
, sample BC70, scale bars: 1 mm (o–p), 0.1 mm (q, protoconch); 
<emphasis id="B918EAA1FFF5F944FBF8F8436201F870" bold="true" box="[1108,1140,1955,1977]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">r–t</emphasis>
: 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D30FFF5F944FB28F84366B9F81E" ID-CoL="39FDB" authority="Locard, 1982" authorityName="Locard" authorityYear="1982" class="Gastropoda" family="Fissurellidae" genus="Emarginula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepetellida" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="tenera">
<emphasis id="B918EAA1FFF5F944FB28F8436333F870" box="[1156,1350,1955,1977]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Emarginula tenera</emphasis>
Locard, 1982
</taxonomicName>
, sample BC71, scale bars: 1 mm (r–s), 0.1 mm (t, protoconch).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BD336B3FFF6F947FF3BFF7762D6FF31" blockId="50.[151,1437,151,717]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="B918EAA1FFF6F947FF3BFF7767EAFF79" bold="true" box="[151,415,151,176]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Diagnostic characters</emphasis>
. Rather thin, regularly curved shell; anal aperture roundly quadrangular; foot aperture roundly pentagonal; four distinct longitudinal ribs on younger stages; additional slightly weaker rib developing soon after dorsally; several fine riblets appearing on older stages. Larval shell: not available.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3766538FFF6F947FF6BFEE46494FEF6" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BD336B3FFF6F947FF6BFEE46494FEF6" blockId="50.[151,1437,151,717]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="B918EAA1FFF6F947FF6BFEE46726FED4" bold="true" box="[199,339,260,285]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Occurrence</emphasis>
. Box-corer samples BC04 (8 specimens), BC05 (2), BC72 (6); cores BC04 (7), BC05 (5), BC21 (9), BC51 (4), BC72 (1). Maximum length: 
<quantity id="4C949B56FFF6F947FD28FEC764A8FEF6" box="[644,733,295,320]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="8.5">8.5 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3766538FFF6F947FF6BFEAC6412FD04" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BD336B3FFF6F947FF6BFEAC6257FDD1" blockId="50.[151,1437,151,717]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="B918EAA1FFF6F947FF6BFEAC6784FEAC" bold="true" box="[199,497,332,357]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Distribution and habitat</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D30FFF6F947FDA8FEAC64A9FEAD" box="[516,732,332,357]" class="Scaphopoda" family="Entalinidae" genus="Entalina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadilida" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="tetragona">
<emphasis id="B918EAA1FFF6F947FDA8FEAC64A9FEAD" box="[516,732,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Entalina tetragona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ranges from 
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to the Caribbean, 
<collectingCountry id="F37B7623FFF6F947FB19FEAC634EFEAC" box="[1205,1339,332,357]" name="Cape Verde" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<collectingRegion id="49A8F851FFF6F947FB19FEAC629AFEAD" box="[1205,1263,332,356]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Cape</collectingRegion>
Verde
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and the Mediterranean, including the Levantine basin; it was regarded as an exclusive characteristic element of VP (bathyal mud) biocoenosis dwelling on muddy bottoms at bathyal depths, being more frequent in the 
<quantity id="4C949B56FFF6F947FAB9FE7463E9FE65" box="[1301,1436,404,429]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" unit="m" value="500.0" valueMax="600.0" valueMin="400.0">400–600 m</quantity>
bathymetric interval (Di Geronimo 1979[a]; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B42FFF6F947FD39FE576268FE19" author="Di" box="[661,1053,439,464]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" refString="Di Geronimo, I. &amp; Bellagamba, M. (1985) Malacofaune dei dragaggi BS 77 - 1 e BS 77 - 2 (Sardegna nord orientale). Bollettino della Societa Paleontologica Italiana, 24 (2 - 3), 111 - 129." type="journal article" year="1985">Di Geronimo &amp; Bellagamba 1985</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B42FFF6F947FB87FE57635FFE19" author="Barash" box="[1067,1322,439,464]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" refString="Barash, A. &amp; Danin, Z. (1992) Annotated list of mediterranean molluscs of Israel and Sinai. In: Fauna Palaestina, Mollusca I. Keterpress Enterprises, Jerusalem, pp. 1 - 405." type="book chapter" year="1992">Barash &amp; Danin 1992</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B42FFF6F947FA9BFE586767FE3D" author="Poppe" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" refString="Poppe, G. T. &amp; Goto, Y. (1993) European Seashells. Volume II. (Scaphopoda, Bivalvia, Cephalopoda). Verlag Christa Hemmen, Wiesbaden, 221 pp." type="book" year="1993">
Poppe &amp; 
<collectingRegion id="49A8F851FFF6F947FF3BFE3C66BAFE3D" box="[151,207,476,500]" country="Malta" name="Zebbug" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Goto</collectingRegion>
1993
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B42FFF6F947FEB3FE3C6434FE3D" author="Pons-Moya" box="[287,577,476,500]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" refString="Pons-Moya, J. &amp; Pons, G. X. (1999) Noves dades sobre molluscs de profunditat del SW de Mallorca (Illes Balears, Mediterrania Occidental). Bolletin de la Societat d'Historia Natural de les Balears, 42, 39 - 46." type="journal article" year="1999">Pons-Moyà &amp; Pons 1999</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B42FFF6F947FDE1FE3C64BFFE3D" author="Galil" box="[589,714,476,501]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" refString="Galil, B. S. (2004) The limit of the sea. The bathyal fauna of the Levantine Sea. Scientia Marina, 68 (supplement 3), 63 - 72. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3989 / scimar. 2004.68 s 363" type="journal article" year="2004">Galil 2004</bibRefCitation>
). In the Santa Maria di Leuca CWC biotope, it was regarded as common in 
<emphasis id="B918EAA1FFF6F947FEB0FE1F67AFFDD1" box="[284,474,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Gryphus-Isidella</emphasis>
and mollusk mud thanatofacies (Rosso 
<emphasis id="B918EAA1FFF6F947FC36FDE165A6FDD1" box="[922,979,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">et al.</emphasis>
2010).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD336B3FFF6F947FF6BFDC46412FD04" blockId="50.[151,1437,151,717]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<materialsCitation id="3B043CEEFFF6F947FF6BFDC466BBFD4C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1324948195" country="Italy, Poland" location="Upper Miocene" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Vienna">
<emphasis id="B918EAA1FFF6F947FF6BFDC4671FFDF4" bold="true" box="[199,362,548,573]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Fossil record.</emphasis>
The species appeared during 
<location id="8EB36068FFF6F947FD13FDC56505FDF4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C587A5FFF4F947FF3BF9366412FD04:8EB36068FFF6F947FD13FDC56505FDF4" box="[703,880,548,573]" country="Italy, Poland" name="Upper Miocene" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" stateProvince="Vienna">Upper Miocene</location>
(Tortonian), being among the few still surviving Miocene taxa (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B42FFF6F947FE93FDA76794FDA9" author="Caprotti" box="[319,481,583,608]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" refString="Caprotti, E. (1979) Scafopodi neogenici e recenti del bacino mediterraneo. Iconografia ed epitome. Bollettino Malacologico, 15 (9 - 10), 213 - 288." type="journal article" year="1979">Caprotti 1979</bibRefCitation>
); records are from Miocene of 
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, 
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and 
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basin; Pliocene of 
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</materialsCitation>
; 
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Pleistocene of 
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, central and 
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(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B42FFF6F947FCEAFD8C6269FD4D" author="Monterosato" box="[838,1052,620,644]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" refString="Monterosato, T. A. di (1872) Notizie intorno alle conchiglie fossili di Monte Pellegrino e Ficarazzi. Ufficio Tipografico Michele Amenta, Palermo, 44 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 50743" type="book" year="1872">Monterosato 1872</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B42FFF6F947FB81FD8C62C9FD4C" author="Robba" box="[1069,1212,620,645]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" refString="Robba, E. (1968) Molluschi del Tortoniano-tipo (Piemonte). Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia, 74 (2), 457 - 646." type="journal article" year="1968">Robba 1968</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B42FFF6F947FB61FD8C6305FD4D" author="Caprotti" box="[1229,1392,620,645]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" refString="Caprotti, E. (1979) Scafopodi neogenici e recenti del bacino mediterraneo. Iconografia ed epitome. Bollettino Malacologico, 15 (9 - 10), 213 - 288." type="journal article" year="1979">Caprotti 1979</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B42FFF6F947FA2CFD8C67A1FD61" author="Di" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" refString="Di Geronimo, I. &amp; Li Gioi, R. (1980) La malacofauna Wurmiana della Staz. BS 77 / 4 al largo di Capo Coda Cavallo (Sardegna Nord orientale). Annali dell'Universita di Ferrara (Nuova Serie), section IX, 6 (supplement), 155 - 190." type="journal article" year="1980">
<collectorName id="26995365FFF6F947FA2CFD8C677CFD61" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Di Geronimo</collectorName>
&amp; Li Gioi 1980
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B42FFF6F947FE49FD6F650CFD61" author="Di" box="[485,889,655,680]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" refString="Di Geronimo, I. &amp; Bellagamba, M. (1985) Malacofaune dei dragaggi BS 77 - 1 e BS 77 - 2 (Sardegna nord orientale). Bollettino della Societa Paleontologica Italiana, 24 (2 - 3), 111 - 129." type="journal article" year="1985">
<collectorName id="26995365FFF6F947FE49FD6F640AFD61" box="[485,639,655,680]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Di Geronimo</collectorName>
&amp; Bellagamba 1985
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B42FFF6F947FC26FD6F627AFD61" author="Pavia" box="[906,1039,655,680]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" refString="Pavia, G. (1991) I molluschi del Messiniano di Borelli (Torino). 2. Scaphopoda. Bollettino del Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali di Torino, 9 (1), 105 - 172." type="journal article" year="1991">Pavia 1991</bibRefCitation>
; 
<collectorName id="26995365FFF6F947FB8CFD6F62CFFD61" box="[1056,1210,655,680]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Di Geronimo</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="26995365FFF6F947FB4BFD706324FD6E" box="[1255,1361,656,679]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">La Perna</collectorName>
1997; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B42FFF6F947FF3BFD55674CFD05" author="Petersen" box="[151,313,692,716]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" refString="Petersen, K. S. (2004) Late Quaternary environmental changes recorded in the Danish marine molluscan faunas. Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland Bulletin, 3, 1 - 268." type="journal article" year="2004">Petersen 2004</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B42FFF6F947FEE8FD54642FFD04" author="Di" box="[324,602,692,717]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" refString="Di Geronimo, I., Messina, C., Rosso, A., Sanfilippo, R., Sciuto, F. &amp; Vertino, A. (2005) Enhanced biodiversity in the deep: Early Pleistocene coral communities from Southern Italy. In: Freiwald, A. &amp; Murray Roberts, J. (Eds), Cold-water Corals and Ecosystems, Springer, Berlin, pp. 61 - 86. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / 3 - 540 - 27673 - 4 _ 4" type="book chapter" year="2005">
<collectorName id="26995365FFF6F947FEE8FD5467ADFD04" box="[324,472,692,717]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Di Geronimo</collectorName>
<emphasis id="B918EAA1FFF6F947FE73FD556462FD04" box="[479,535,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">et al.</emphasis>
2005
</bibRefCitation>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>