270 lines
40 KiB
XML
270 lines
40 KiB
XML
<document id="93D188FAA863D047D5880B3C51C7F6AD" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3616.5.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="61a7f15d-e430-465e-b732-92e7486fec0b" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="220125" ID-ZooBank="D7C95348-727D-499C-8E67-23C6ADFCAFC4" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460576386170" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Arango, Claudia P. & Brenneis, Georg" docDate="2013" docId="03BF87FB6378E84FFF209B9B40D130D5" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03616p436.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3616 (5)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Pseudopallene" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="430" masterDocId="FF86FF836363E852FFB7984241683574" masterDocTitle="New species of Australian Pseudopallene (Pycnogonida: Callipallenidae) based on live colouration, morphology and DNA" masterLastPageNumber="436" masterPageNumber="401" pageNumber="428" updateTime="1698323344127" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="80051654096121B9BD707AA4A327E751" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="6A4359C802D0EFAF15BE505A94BCA639">
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<mods:title id="8312AC6803B59127032456BC93E765B7">New species of Australian Pseudopallene (Pycnogonida: Callipallenidae) based on live colouration, morphology and DNA</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="19A1B2F00AF1BF2E4748502E230676F9" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="8A909235BEFD318933932B9955A3C735">Arango, Claudia P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="82552CF51A0871CE22A25C08C3BA288A" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="2AD604F5E57DC305383873C466F1548A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="B9A65BA4B0F00E738C4B5AB6DF947241">Brenneis, Georg</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="6EB1783E7666C51B3EC18FBEAB67D47E">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="767036B68711FE9865E34983972902DF">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="C667390ACEDEDE806E5036F2F217D94B">
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<mods:date id="3ACED4CDE0C0EAC36600F619A9CD86F3">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="55E6AA9263579E106B4227E07A6A2878" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="C3F6058C141D79F31EA4E50EB4714ED0">3616</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="9EBBC236797D1EC1F5B3FAAA121B29C0" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="E1A16533216BFD714739906AE3DBD37F">5</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="579FBFE5E57653625EACEF205C2C1416">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="00466F37074DC2A05BA8A7E1E61C487C" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3616.5.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A11CB697A684EB77CC28EA4757B643FF" type="GBIF-Dataset">61a7f15d-e430-465e-b732-92e7486fec0b</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="4492FE9983929FFF1E7D45C078A477A0" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="605E5C6B2DDE6F9E42F7C81275CE173C" type="Zenodo-Dep">220125</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="64CCBD4B8BA6782F5557C5E830926BBD" type="ZooBank">D7C95348-727D-499C-8E67-23C6ADFCAFC4</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03BF87FB6378E84FFF209B9B40D130D5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5678937" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119560078" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5678937" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BF87FB6378E84FFF209B9B40D130D5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BF87FB6378E84FFF209B9B40D130D5" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="430" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">
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<subSubSection id="C30C65666378E849FF209B9B40C83160" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA936ED6378E849FF209B9B432B3687" blockId="27.[151,579,985,1044]" box="[151,579,985,1011]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">
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<heading id="D0E181816378E849FF209B9B432B3687" bold="true" box="[151,579,985,1011]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B962EAFF6378E849FF209B9B432B3687" bold="true" box="[151,579,985,1011]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">
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<emphasis id="B962EAFF6378E849FF209B9B40B93687" bold="true" box="[151,465,985,1011]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">
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<taxonomicName id="4C164D6E6378E849FF209B9B402F3687" ID-CoL="84SYB" box="[151,327,985,1011]" class="Pycnogonida" family="Callipallenidae" genus="Pseudopallene" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pantopoda" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pseudopallene</taxonomicName>
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‘variabilis’
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</emphasis>
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||
-complex
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA936ED6378E849FF209BBE40C83160" blockId="27.[151,579,985,1044]" box="[151,416,1020,1044]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">
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<figureCitation id="132D2A686378E849FF209BBE418C3160" box="[151,228,1020,1044]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1742,1765]" captionTargetBox="[196,1403,187,1717]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[186,1410,181,1725]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Live colouration of some of the species of Pseudopallene and Stylopallene included in the study. A, fresh live bryozoans Orthoscuticella spp. with many Pseudopallene specimens; B, P. constricta sp. nov., male in ventral view with egg masses attached to the ovigers; C, P. ‘ variabilis’ - complex, frontal-ventral view, note black tips of proboscis and chela fingers; D, P. flava sp. nov. in its natural habitat; E, Close-up of P. brevicephala male characterized by uniform orange-red body and legs, bearing orange eggs and transparent post-embryonic stages; F, P. pachycheira attached to bryozoan, showing banding pattern and constrictions of long leg articles; G, P. h a r r i s i sp. nov. in its natural habitat showing red-and-yellow colouration; H, specimen from the P. ‘ variabilis’ - complex with yellow-and-red colouration attached to live bryozoan; I, Stylopallene cheilorhynchus showing characteristic live black-and-creamy-white banding, photograph taken in captivity. All specimens from Eaglehawk Neck, Tasmania except 2 G and 2 H collected at Bass point, New South Wales." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220127/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
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C,H, 3C, 15A–
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<collectingCountry id="F301767D6378E849FE3B9BBE40C83160" box="[396,416,1020,1044]" name="Iceland" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">O</collectingCountry>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30C65666378E849FF209C0645BA3064" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BA936ED6378E849FF209C0645BA3064" blockId="27.[151,1436,1092,2016]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">
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<emphasis id="B962EAFF6378E849FF209C0640123129" bold="true" box="[151,378,1092,1117]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Material examined</emphasis>
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(
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<accessionNumber id="9445AB0E6378E849FE3D9C06408D3128" box="[394,485,1092,1116]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/S92303" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" type="EnaNcbi">S92303</accessionNumber>
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):
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<specimenCount id="9D10FD646378E849FE4E9C0643333128" box="[505,603,1092,1116]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
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(PSE3),
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<specimenCount id="9D10FD646378E849FD759C0642663128" box="[706,782,1092,1116]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
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||
(PSE3a),
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<specimenCount id="9D10FD646378E849FC359C06428B3128" box="[898,995,1092,1116]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
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||
(PSE3b),
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<date id="FFA8102D6378E849FBEE9C0644733128" box="[1113,1307,1092,1116]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" value="2009-11-21" valueMax="2009-11-24" valueMin="2009-11-21">Nov-21–24 2009</date>
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, Fog Rock, Eaglehawk Neck,
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<taxonomicName id="4C164D6E6378E849FEDC9C2A40B131F4" box="[363,473,1128,1152]" class="Pycnogonida" family="Callipallenidae" genus="Pseudopallene" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pantopoda" pageId="27" pageNumber="432" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tasmania">Tasmania</taxonomicName>
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,
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<quantity id="4CEE9B086378E849FE5F9C2A432931F4" box="[488,577,1128,1152]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" unit="m" value="12.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="5.0">5–20 m</quantity>
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depth, on
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<taxonomicName id="4C164D6E6378E849FD759C2A421831F4" box="[706,880,1128,1152]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Catenicellidae" genus="Orthoscuticella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B962EAFF6378E849FD759C2A421831F4" box="[706,880,1128,1152]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Orthoscuticella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp.; (S9224): 2 post-embryonic stages (TAS17, TAS30a),
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<date id="FFA8102D6378E849FEBC9CCE40F031D0" box="[267,408,1164,1188]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" value="2007-01-26">26 Jan 2007</date>
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, Fortescue Bay, Eaglehawk Neck,
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<taxonomicName id="4C164D6E6378E849FC939CCE42FA31D0" box="[804,914,1164,1188]" class="Pycnogonida" family="Callipallenidae" genus="Pseudopallene" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pantopoda" pageId="27" pageNumber="432" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tasmania">Tasmania</taxonomicName>
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,
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||
<quantity id="4CEE9B086378E849FC289CCE42B131D0" box="[927,985,1164,1188]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" unit="m" value="21.0">21 m</quantity>
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depth, in kelp forest; (
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<accessionNumber id="9445AB0E6378E849FB689CCE445331D0" box="[1247,1339,1164,1188]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/S92306" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" type="EnaNcbi">S92306</accessionNumber>
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||
):
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||
<specimenCount id="9D10FD646378E849FAF89CCE44F331D0" box="[1359,1435,1164,1188]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
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||
(AM122),
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D10FD646378E849FEB89CF2401C31BC" box="[271,372,1200,1224]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
,
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<date id="FFA8102D6378E849FE379CF2436631BC" box="[384,526,1200,1224]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" value="2003-05-09">May-9 2003</date>
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||
, Pope's eye, Portsea, Victoria,
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<quantity id="4CEE9B086378E849FCDD9CF242FE31BC" box="[874,918,1200,1224]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" unit="m" value="8.0">8 m</quantity>
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||
depth, on
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<taxonomicName id="4C164D6E6378E849FBB99CF2450531BC" box="[1038,1133,1200,1224]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Vesiculariidae" genus="Amathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B962EAFF6378E849FBB99CF2450531BC" box="[1038,1133,1200,1224]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Amathia</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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sp.; (
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<accessionNumber id="9445AB0E6378E849FB1A9CF2446131BC" box="[1197,1289,1200,1224]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/S92474" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" type="EnaNcbi">S92474</accessionNumber>
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||
):
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D10FD646378E849FAAA9CF244EA31BC" box="[1309,1410,1200,1224]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
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||
,
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<specimenCount id="9D10FD646378E849FA399CF241A53198" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
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(SHE001),
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||
<date id="FFA8102D6378E849FEE29C9640833198" box="[341,491,1236,1260]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" value="2010-11-26">Nov-26 2010</date>
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||
, Devils Cave, Bass Point, New South
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<collectingCountry id="F301767D6378E849FC2D9C9642893198" box="[922,993,1236,1260]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Wales</collectingCountry>
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,
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<quantity id="4CEE9B086378E849FC5B9C96454D3198" box="[1004,1061,1236,1260]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" unit="m" value="15.0">15 m</quantity>
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depth, on bryozoans; 1 sub-adult (SHE006),
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<date id="FFA8102D6378E849FEA19CBA40C63064" box="[278,430,1272,1296]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" value="2010-11-26">Nov-26 2010</date>
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||
, Loose Rock, Bass Point, New South
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<collectingCountry id="F301767D6378E849FCE19CBA42F53064" box="[854,925,1272,1296]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Wales</collectingCountry>
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||
,
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||
<quantity id="4CEE9B086378E849FC1F9CBA42893064" box="[936,993,1272,1296]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" unit="m" value="20.0">20 m</quantity>
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||
depth, on bryozoans.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30C65666378E849FF709D5E439B3378" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" type="diagnosis">
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||
<paragraph id="8BA936ED6378E849FF709D5E439B3378" blockId="27.[151,1436,1092,2016]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">
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||
<emphasis id="B962EAFF6378E849FF709D5E402B3041" bold="true" box="[199,323,1308,1333]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
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Legs with no constrictions, femora slightly curved; three or four large heel spines gradually increasing in length from proximal to distal, followed by a smaller pair; proboscis narrowing at two thirds length showing a variable degree of rough, scabby cuticle with dark marks at the distal portion in the Victorian and Tasmanian material; chela fingers short with straight cutting edges, in some specimens somewhat irregular, movable finger slightly shorter, fingers similarly pigmented as distal proboscis portion. The specimens proposed in the complex have a molecular divergence>8 % in COI and>3 % ITS sequence distance from other congeneric species for which these DNA fragments are available.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C30C65666378E84FFF709E5542FB3735" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="430" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA936ED6378E849FF709E5540583200" blockId="27.[151,1436,1092,2016]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962EAFF6378E849FF709E5540363344" bold="true" box="[199,350,1559,1584]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Description:</emphasis>
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||
Leg span around
|
||
<quantity id="4CEE9B086378E849FD9F9E5A43133344" box="[552,635,1560,1584]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
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||
, but up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CEE9B086378E849FD469E5A422B3344" box="[753,835,1560,1584]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" unit="mm" value="40.0">40 mm</quantity>
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||
, predominantly yellow body colouration when alive, specimens from
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<taxonomicName id="4C164D6E6378E849FEEE9E7E40AE3320" box="[345,454,1596,1620]" class="Pycnogonida" family="Callipallenidae" genus="Pseudopallene" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pantopoda" pageId="27" pageNumber="432" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tasmania">Tasmania</taxonomicName>
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||
either uniformly yellow or with some red marks on body and legs, specimen from Victoria with some red marks on body and legs, specimens from New South
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||
<collectingCountry id="F301767D6378E849FBAC9E224508330C" box="[1051,1120,1632,1656]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Wales</collectingCountry>
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||
with red marks on dorsum and concentric bands on legs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132D2A686378E849FE589EC6435B33E8" box="[495,563,1668,1692]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1742,1765]" captionTargetBox="[196,1403,187,1717]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[186,1410,181,1725]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Live colouration of some of the species of Pseudopallene and Stylopallene included in the study. A, fresh live bryozoans Orthoscuticella spp. with many Pseudopallene specimens; B, P. constricta sp. nov., male in ventral view with egg masses attached to the ovigers; C, P. ‘ variabilis’ - complex, frontal-ventral view, note black tips of proboscis and chela fingers; D, P. flava sp. nov. in its natural habitat; E, Close-up of P. brevicephala male characterized by uniform orange-red body and legs, bearing orange eggs and transparent post-embryonic stages; F, P. pachycheira attached to bryozoan, showing banding pattern and constrictions of long leg articles; G, P. h a r r i s i sp. nov. in its natural habitat showing red-and-yellow colouration; H, specimen from the P. ‘ variabilis’ - complex with yellow-and-red colouration attached to live bryozoan; I, Stylopallene cheilorhynchus showing characteristic live black-and-creamy-white banding, photograph taken in captivity. All specimens from Eaglehawk Neck, Tasmania except 2 G and 2 H collected at Bass point, New South Wales." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220127/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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H). Body (
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<figureCitation id="132D2A686378E849FD1C9EC6439433E8" box="[683,764,1668,1692]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1864,1887]" captionTargetBox="[165,1427,198,1839]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[151,1436,193,1843]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 15. Pseudopallene ‘ variabilis’ - complex, A – E, male (S 92303) from Tasmania; F – J, male (S 92306) from Victoria, F, H are photographs of the dried specimen and red marks on cephalon and scapes visible, G is same specimen immersed in 90 % ethanol; K – O, male (S 92474) from New South Wales. First row: frontal view; Second row: frontal-lateral view; third row: dorsal view; Fourth row: Propodus and terminal claw of third walking leg. Fifth row: Distal articles of oviger. Scale bars = 1 mm or as shown." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220138/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
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B,C,G,H,L,M) fully segmented, smooth cuticle. Neck (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132D2A686378E849FADA9EC641DA33B4" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1864,1887]" captionTargetBox="[165,1427,198,1839]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[151,1436,193,1843]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 15. Pseudopallene ‘ variabilis’ - complex, A – E, male (S 92303) from Tasmania; F – J, male (S 92306) from Victoria, F, H are photographs of the dried specimen and red marks on cephalon and scapes visible, G is same specimen immersed in 90 % ethanol; K – O, male (S 92474) from New South Wales. First row: frontal view; Second row: frontal-lateral view; third row: dorsal view; Fourth row: Propodus and terminal claw of third walking leg. Fifth row: Distal articles of oviger. Scale bars = 1 mm or as shown." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220138/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
B,G,L) distinct, low mid-dorsal mound on pre-ocular surface in some specimens from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D6E6378E849FB1D9EEA447233B4" box="[1194,1306,1704,1728]" class="Pycnogonida" family="Callipallenidae" genus="Pseudopallene" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pantopoda" pageId="27" pageNumber="432" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tasmania">Tasmania</taxonomicName>
|
||
, no mound evident in specimens from Victoria and New South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F301767D6378E849FCA49E8E42333390" box="[787,859,1740,1764]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Wales</collectingCountry>
|
||
, no distinct longitudinal cuticular division line. Lateral processes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132D2A686378E849FEC89EB240B3327C" box="[383,475,1776,1800]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1864,1887]" captionTargetBox="[165,1427,198,1839]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[151,1436,193,1843]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 15. Pseudopallene ‘ variabilis’ - complex, A – E, male (S 92303) from Tasmania; F – J, male (S 92306) from Victoria, F, H are photographs of the dried specimen and red marks on cephalon and scapes visible, G is same specimen immersed in 90 % ethanol; K – O, male (S 92474) from New South Wales. First row: frontal view; Second row: frontal-lateral view; third row: dorsal view; Fourth row: Propodus and terminal claw of third walking leg. Fifth row: Distal articles of oviger. Scale bars = 1 mm or as shown." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220138/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
C,H,M) 1.5–1.7 times longer than wide, glabrous. Abdomen (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132D2A686378E849FB5F9EB2442B327C" box="[1256,1347,1776,1800]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1864,1887]" captionTargetBox="[165,1427,198,1839]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[151,1436,193,1843]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 15. Pseudopallene ‘ variabilis’ - complex, A – E, male (S 92303) from Tasmania; F – J, male (S 92306) from Victoria, F, H are photographs of the dried specimen and red marks on cephalon and scapes visible, G is same specimen immersed in 90 % ethanol; K – O, male (S 92474) from New South Wales. First row: frontal view; Second row: frontal-lateral view; third row: dorsal view; Fourth row: Propodus and terminal claw of third walking leg. Fifth row: Distal articles of oviger. Scale bars = 1 mm or as shown." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220138/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
C,H,M) horizontal, inflated, overreaching fourth lateral processes except in specimens from New South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F301767D6378E849FB4E9F56442A3258" box="[1273,1346,1812,1836]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Wales</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Ocular tubercle (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132D2A686378E849FEB39F7A403D3224" box="[260,341,1848,1872]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1864,1887]" captionTargetBox="[165,1427,198,1839]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[151,1436,193,1843]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 15. Pseudopallene ‘ variabilis’ - complex, A – E, male (S 92303) from Tasmania; F – J, male (S 92306) from Victoria, F, H are photographs of the dried specimen and red marks on cephalon and scapes visible, G is same specimen immersed in 90 % ethanol; K – O, male (S 92474) from New South Wales. First row: frontal view; Second row: frontal-lateral view; third row: dorsal view; Fourth row: Propodus and terminal claw of third walking leg. Fifth row: Distal articles of oviger. Scale bars = 1 mm or as shown." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220138/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
A,C,F,H,K,M) as wide as tall, with distinct dorsal papillae, two pairs of darkly pigmented eyes of equal size.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA936ED6378E849FF709FC240EA3294" blockId="27.[151,1436,1092,2016]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">
|
||
Proboscis (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132D2A686378E849FEF09FC240F332EC" box="[327,411,1920,1944]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1864,1887]" captionTargetBox="[165,1427,198,1839]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[151,1436,193,1843]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 15. Pseudopallene ‘ variabilis’ - complex, A – E, male (S 92303) from Tasmania; F – J, male (S 92306) from Victoria, F, H are photographs of the dried specimen and red marks on cephalon and scapes visible, G is same specimen immersed in 90 % ethanol; K – O, male (S 92474) from New South Wales. First row: frontal view; Second row: frontal-lateral view; third row: dorsal view; Fourth row: Propodus and terminal claw of third walking leg. Fifth row: Distal articles of oviger. Scale bars = 1 mm or as shown." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220138/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
A,F,L) bullet-shaped, inflated most of its length then tapering towards two thirds of its length, distal section of rough appearance, scabby, with dark stain or ‘burn’ on the cuticle of Tasmanian and Victorian specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF696665637FE84EFF209F0A402D32AD" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220138/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" targetBox="[165,1427,198,1839]" targetPageId="28">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA936ED637FE84EFF209F0A402D32AD" blockId="28.[151,1437,1864,2009]" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962EAFF637FE84EFF209F0A4049322A" bold="true" box="[151,289,1864,1887]" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">FIGURE 15.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B962EAFF637FE84EFE9D9F0A432A322A" box="[298,578,1864,1886]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D6E637FE84EFE9D9F0A40D7322A" box="[298,447,1864,1886]" class="Pycnogonida" family="Callipallenidae" genus="Pseudopallene" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pantopoda" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pseudopallene</taxonomicName>
|
||
‘variabilis’-
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
complex, A–E, male (
|
||
<accessionNumber id="9445AB0E637FE84EFC999F0B4215322B" box="[814,893,1865,1887]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/S92303" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" type="EnaNcbi">S92303</accessionNumber>
|
||
) from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D6E637FE84EFC709F0A4543322A" box="[967,1067,1864,1886]" class="Pycnogonida" family="Callipallenidae" genus="Pseudopallene" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pantopoda" pageId="28" pageNumber="432" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tasmania">Tasmania</taxonomicName>
|
||
; F–J, male (
|
||
<accessionNumber id="9445AB0E637FE84EFB1C9F0A4592322A" box="[1195,1274,1864,1886]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/S92306" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" type="EnaNcbi">S92306</accessionNumber>
|
||
) from Victoria, F,H are photographs of the dried specimen and red marks on cephalon and scapes visible, G is same specimen immersed in 90% ethanol; K–O, male (
|
||
<accessionNumber id="9445AB0E637FE84EFEC49FC440AC32E8" box="[371,452,1926,1948]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/S92474" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" type="EnaNcbi">S92474</accessionNumber>
|
||
) from New South Wales. First row: frontal view; Second row: frontal-lateral view; third row: dorsal view; Fourth row: Propodus and terminal claw of third walking leg. Fifth row: Distal articles of oviger. Scale bars = 1 mm or as shown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA936ED637EE84FFF7098D5446135A0" blockId="29.[151,1436,151,1441]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">
|
||
Cheliphore (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132D2A68637EE84FFEE298D540CE35DB" box="[341,422,151,175]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1864,1887]" captionTargetBox="[165,1427,198,1839]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[151,1436,193,1843]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 15. Pseudopallene ‘ variabilis’ - complex, A – E, male (S 92303) from Tasmania; F – J, male (S 92306) from Victoria, F, H are photographs of the dried specimen and red marks on cephalon and scapes visible, G is same specimen immersed in 90 % ethanol; K – O, male (S 92474) from New South Wales. First row: frontal view; Second row: frontal-lateral view; third row: dorsal view; Fourth row: Propodus and terminal claw of third walking leg. Fifth row: Distal articles of oviger. Scale bars = 1 mm or as shown." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220138/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
A,F,K) scape long, glabrous, slightly longer than proboscis, unconstricted in males, with clear proximal constriction in females; palm short, inflated, fingers shorter than palm, at least by half.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA936ED637EE84FFF70989D422534D8" blockId="29.[151,1436,151,1441]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">
|
||
Oviger (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132D2A68637EE84FFE9F989D40153583" box="[296,381,223,247]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1864,1887]" captionTargetBox="[165,1427,198,1839]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[151,1436,193,1843]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 15. Pseudopallene ‘ variabilis’ - complex, A – E, male (S 92303) from Tasmania; F – J, male (S 92306) from Victoria, F, H are photographs of the dried specimen and red marks on cephalon and scapes visible, G is same specimen immersed in 90 % ethanol; K – O, male (S 92474) from New South Wales. First row: frontal view; Second row: frontal-lateral view; third row: dorsal view; Fourth row: Propodus and terminal claw of third walking leg. Fifth row: Distal articles of oviger. Scale bars = 1 mm or as shown." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220138/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
E,J,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F301767D637EE84FFE11989D40D43583" box="[422,444,223,247]" name="Iceland" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
) fifth article with distal apophysis in males, with compound spine formula 14:8:6:8 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D6E637EE84FFF29994640653468" box="[158,269,260,284]" class="Pycnogonida" family="Callipallenidae" genus="Pseudopallene" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pantopoda" pageId="29" pageNumber="432" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tasmania">Tasmania</taxonomicName>
|
||
) varying to 16:13:11:11 (New South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F301767D637EE84FFD00994643953468" box="[695,765,260,284]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">Wales</collectingCountry>
|
||
) and 16:12:12:10 (Victoria). Terminal oviger claw serrated on both sides, longer endal serration, in Tasmanian specimens with 12 sharp, deep denticulations, other material with 16 shallow, blunt crenulations. Femur slightly curved; only spare, tiny spinules on tibiae. Three to four large proximal propodal heel spines gradually increasing in length, longest about half of the diameter of propodus, distally followed by one pair of smaller spines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132D2A68637EE84FFD1A99D6439534D8" box="[685,765,404,428]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1864,1887]" captionTargetBox="[165,1427,198,1839]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[151,1436,193,1843]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 15. Pseudopallene ‘ variabilis’ - complex, A – E, male (S 92303) from Tasmania; F – J, male (S 92306) from Victoria, F, H are photographs of the dried specimen and red marks on cephalon and scapes visible, G is same specimen immersed in 90 % ethanol; K – O, male (S 92474) from New South Wales. First row: frontal view; Second row: frontal-lateral view; third row: dorsal view; Fourth row: Propodus and terminal claw of third walking leg. Fifth row: Distal articles of oviger. Scale bars = 1 mm or as shown." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220138/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
D,I,N).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA936ED637EE84FFF7099FA42FB3735" blockId="29.[151,1436,151,1441]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">
|
||
Measurements of PSE3a (male from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D6E637EE84FFDCE99F5438E34BB" box="[633,742,439,463]" class="Pycnogonida" family="Callipallenidae" genus="Pseudopallene" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pantopoda" pageId="29" pageNumber="432" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tasmania">Tasmania</taxonomicName>
|
||
) in mm: body length = 2.55; body width = 1.59; abdomen length = 0.53; ocular tubercle height = 0.29; proboscis length = 1.16; chela fingers= 0.46; scape = 1.43; oviger 5th article = 0.61, 10th article = 0.22, claw = 0.17; 3rd leg coxa 1 = 0.5, coxa 2 = 0.66, coxa 3 = 0.53, femur = 2.5, tibia 1 = 2.04, tibia 2 = 3.24, tarsus = 0.21, propodus = 0.79, claw = 0.40.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30C6566637EE84FFF709A0C40D130D5" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA936ED637EE84FFF709A0C404431F5" blockId="29.[151,1436,151,1441]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962EAFF637EE84FFF709A0C40293712" bold="true" box="[199,321,590,614]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">Remarks:</emphasis>
|
||
Owing to considerable overlap in morphological characters and very low genetic distances of the molecular markers used, we are unable to unequivocally discriminate species within this grouping of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D6E637EE84FFF209AD7402B37D9" box="[151,323,661,685]" class="Pycnogonida" family="Callipallenidae" genus="Pseudopallene" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pantopoda" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962EAFF637EE84FFF209AD7402B37D9" box="[151,323,661,685]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">Pseudopallene</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
forms and therefore have opted for a preliminary summary of these individuals in the
|
||
<emphasis id="B962EAFF637EE84FFF209AFB407337A5" box="[151,283,697,721]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">‘variabilis’</emphasis>
|
||
-complex. The low sequence divergence values encountered between these specimens compared to the other, in part sympatrically occurring
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D6E637EE84FFD379A9F42443781" box="[640,812,733,757]" class="Pycnogonida" family="Callipallenidae" genus="Pseudopallene" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pantopoda" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962EAFF637EE84FFD379A9F42443781" box="[640,812,733,757]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">Pseudopallene</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6940356637EE84FFC2F9A9F429B3781" box="[920,1011,733,757]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="8.[151,239,151,175]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,266,1759]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="TABLE 2. Estimates of divergence (uncorrected p-distances) between 36 COI sequences (top) and 30 ITS sequences (bottom). Distances within each morphotype / species are on the left-hand column. Abbreviations: NSW = New South Wales; VIC = Victoria." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF696665636BE85AFF2098D540E5359B" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" tableUuid="DF696665636BE85AFF2098D540E5359B">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
) are all the more remarkable for the
|
||
<emphasis id="B962EAFF637EE84FFF209B434073366D" box="[151,283,769,793]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">‘variabilis’</emphasis>
|
||
-complex material’s origin from three distant geographic locations. The relatively low distance values in COI and ITS sequences and their monophyletic grouping in the MP analysis (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132D2A68637EE84FFB169B6745803649" box="[1185,1256,805,829]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1689,1712]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,194,1666]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,193,1668]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 6. Strict consensus tree of 324 most parsimonious trees (L = 2029) resulting from a combined analysis with all COI and ITS sequence data available. Jackknife values shown on nodes (1000 reps, p = 36). Proposed new species on the right." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220131/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
) indicate close relationships of these forms. At the morphological level, the chelae, proboscis and propodus characters show high similarity and set these specimens aside from the rest of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D6E637EE84FFC289B2C452336F2" box="[927,1099,878,902]" class="Pycnogonida" family="Callipallenidae" genus="Pseudopallene" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pantopoda" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962EAFF637EE84FFC289B2C452336F2" box="[927,1099,878,902]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">Pseudopallene</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
material investigated in this study. However, other morphological characters, such as body size, ovigeral compound spine count and the pre-ocular mid-dorsal mound are variable between the three geographic forms of this complex. The middorsal pre-ocular mound of some Tasmanian specimens (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132D2A68637EE84FFCF09B9B42F53685" box="[839,925,985,1009]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1864,1887]" captionTargetBox="[165,1427,198,1839]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[151,1436,193,1843]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 15. Pseudopallene ‘ variabilis’ - complex, A – E, male (S 92303) from Tasmania; F – J, male (S 92306) from Victoria, F, H are photographs of the dried specimen and red marks on cephalon and scapes visible, G is same specimen immersed in 90 % ethanol; K – O, male (S 92474) from New South Wales. First row: frontal view; Second row: frontal-lateral view; third row: dorsal view; Fourth row: Propodus and terminal claw of third walking leg. Fifth row: Distal articles of oviger. Scale bars = 1 mm or as shown." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220138/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
A) is to a certain degree reminiscent of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D6E637EE84FFA319B9840E03161" authority="Staples, 2005" authorityName="Staples" authorityYear="2005" class="Pycnogonida" family="Callipallenidae" genus="Pseudopallene" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pantopoda" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inflata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962EAFF637EE84FFA319B98418C3162" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">P. inflata</emphasis>
|
||
Staples, 2005
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
described from the Althorpe Islands, South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F301767D637EE84FFC389BBF42973161" box="[911,1023,1021,1045]" name="Australia" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Yet, the latter species is diagnosed based on a high dorsal mound with a clear longitudinal cuticular division line at the front, a characteristic that is not found in this material, and also the name-giving inflated body segments of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D6E637EE84FFBD09C0545BB312A" box="[1127,1235,1094,1118]" class="Pycnogonida" family="Callipallenidae" genus="Pseudopallene" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pantopoda" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inflata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962EAFF637EE84FFBD09C0545BB312A" box="[1127,1235,1094,1118]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">P. inflata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are not found in our samples.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA936ED637EE84FFF709CCF40D130D5" blockId="29.[151,1436,151,1441]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">
|
||
There is also morphological similarity to
|
||
<emphasis id="B962EAFF637EE84FFD239CCD426C31D2" box="[660,772,1165,1190]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">P. c h e v ro n</emphasis>
|
||
Staples, 2007,described from South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F301767D637EE84FFB159CCF446431D1" box="[1186,1292,1165,1189]" name="Australia" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, some of our individuals resembling it in size as well as proboscis, cheliphore and propodus characteristics. But none of our specimens showed the described characteristic V-shaped dorsal trunk markings, which are said to persist after preservation (Staples 2007). Also the overall pattern of red markings on live
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D6E637EE84FFC479CB8450D3065" box="[1008,1125,1273,1297]" class="Pycnogonida" family="Callipallenidae" genus="Pseudopallene" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pantopoda" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chevron">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962EAFF637EE84FFC479CB8450D3065" box="[1008,1125,1273,1297]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">P. chevron</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(shown in Gowlett-Holmes 2008) does not correspond to the patterns observed on our material, some of the Tasmanian specimens being even plain yellow. At the moment, hypotheses of species identities within the
|
||
<emphasis id="B962EAFF637EE84FFC619D034524302D" box="[982,1100,1345,1369]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">‘variablis’</emphasis>
|
||
-complex need further testing with more specimens (including unequivocally identified
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D6E637EE84FFC9B9D2542FB300A" box="[812,915,1382,1406]" class="Pycnogonida" family="Callipallenidae" genus="Pseudopallene" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pantopoda" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inflata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962EAFF637EE84FFC9B9D2542FB300A" box="[812,915,1382,1406]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">P. inflata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D6E637EE84FFC799D25452D300A" box="[974,1093,1382,1406]" class="Pycnogonida" family="Callipallenidae" genus="Pseudopallene" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pantopoda" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chevron">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962EAFF637EE84FFC799D25452D300A" box="[974,1093,1382,1406]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">P. chevron</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
material) and possibly fasterevolving genetic markers.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |