307 lines
35 KiB
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307 lines
35 KiB
XML
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<mods:titleInfo id="DE7C98E679369CA6649EE0E03269FF14">
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<mods:title id="ADC7B08EEBB39ADE1DE7167996A6993C">The genus Synergus Hartig (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini) in the New World: a complete taxonomic revision with a key to species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8C575A28349293D2B68B7216EAEB29B7">Lobato-Vila, Irene</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9AE39B2BE9C39470F55E3DFC785CC985">Pujade-Villar, Juli</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="66306B0835EEB651AB5C8FEF8DFB647F" type="email">jpujade@ub.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="3D289AD17CEF6D32148D38551549F57B">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="7F2D5FC82B50369EB682C4CB11004E56">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="89CCA0468A80308EDFBD613797D879B0">2021-01-12</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="ECEC474B9C98906763572FA2293F126C" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4906.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03BF702A9556FF91FDE5FD377063FBCC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4433973" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177005135" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4433973" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BF702A9556FF91FDE5FD377063FBCC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BF702A9556FF91FDE5FD377063FBCC" lastPageNumber="84" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
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<subSubSection id="C30C92B79556FF91FDE5FD37711EFCBF" box="[151,627,690,717]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9556FF91FDE5FD37711EFCBF" blockId="83.[151,627,690,717]" box="[151,627,690,717]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
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<heading id="D0E176509556FF91FDE5FD37711EFCBF" bold="true" box="[151,627,690,717]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9556FF91FDE5FD37711EFCBF" authority="(Ashmead, 1885)" baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" baseAuthorityYear="1885" box="[151,627,690,717]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pomiformis">
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E9556FF91FDE5FD37711EFCBF" bold="true" box="[151,627,690,717]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E9556FF91FDE5FD3772F7FCBF" bold="true" box="[151,410,690,717]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Synergus pomiformis</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9556FF91FCDBFD367106FCBF" author="Ashmead, W. H." box="[425,619,690,716]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" pagination="291 - 304" refId="ref101510" refString="Ashmead, W. H. (1885) A bibliographical and synonymical catalogue of the North American Cynipidae, with description of new species. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 12 (3 - 4), 291 - 304. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 25076460" type="journal article" year="1885">Ashmead, 1885</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30C92B79556FF91FDE5FD7C7793FDB4" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9556FF91FDE5FD7C7719FD7C" blockId="83.[151,1437,759,967]" box="[151,1140,759,784]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
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<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9556FF91FDE5FD7C7171FD7C" authority="Ashmead, 1885" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1885" box="[151,540,759,783]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Ceroptres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pomiformis">
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E9556FF91FDE5FD7C7219FD7C" box="[151,372,759,783]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Ceroptres pomiformis</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B7ECB619556FF91FC0BFD737171FD7C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3019422341" box="[377,540,759,783]" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="Trans. Am. Entomol. Soc." pageId="83" pageNumber="84" specimenCount="1">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9556FF91FC0BFD737171FD7C" author="Ashmead, W. H." box="[377,540,759,783]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" pagination="291 - 304" refId="ref101510" refString="Ashmead, W. H. (1885) A bibliographical and synonymical catalogue of the North American Cynipidae, with description of new species. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 12 (3 - 4), 291 - 304. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 25076460" type="journal article" year="1885">Ashmead, 1885</bibRefCitation>
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</materialsCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<collectorName id="26E3A4EA9556FF91FF57FD7C7041FD7C" box="[549,812,759,783]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Trans. Am. Entomol. Soc.</collectorName>
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12: 300.
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<typeStatus id="54AD7F9E9556FF91FEF9FD7C70D0FD63" box="[907,957,760,784]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Type</typeStatus>
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material: USNM.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9556FF91FDE5FC92700AFD3F" blockId="83.[151,1437,759,967]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
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<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9556FF91FDE5FC9272A4FD5D" authority="Kieffer, 1904" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1904" box="[151,457,790,814]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavus">
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E9556FF91FDE5FC92725AFD5D" box="[151,311,790,814]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Synergus flavus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9556FF91FC4CFC9272A4FD5D" author="Kieffer, J. J." box="[318,457,790,814]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" pagination="131 - 133" refId="ref103090" refString="Kieffer, J. J. (1904) Diagnoses de quelques nouveaux cynipides de Californie. Bulletin de la Societe d'Histoire Naturelle de Metz, Series 2, 11, 131 - 133." type="journal article" year="1904">Kieffer, 1904</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Metz, ser. 2, 11: 133. Type material: USNM (
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<typeStatus id="54AD7F9E9556FF91F909FC9277B0FD5D" box="[1147,1245,790,814]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
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),
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<typeStatus id="54AD7F9E9556FF91F99DFC9276ECFD5D" box="[1263,1409,790,814]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="paralectotype">paralectotypes</typeStatus>
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in USNM and CAS. Synonymized by
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<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9556FF91FF43FCB0700EFD3F" author="Lobato-Vila, I. & Equihua-Martinez, A. & Estrada-Venegas, E. & Cibrian-Tovar, D. & Barrera-Ruiz, U. M. & Pujade-Villar, J." box="[561,867,820,845]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" pagination="1 - 38" refId="ref103815" refString="Lobato-Vila, I., Equihua-Martinez, A., Estrada-Venegas, E., Cibrian-Tovar, D., Barrera-Ruiz, U. M. & Pujade-Villar, J. (2020 c) Synergus Hartig species group (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini) with partially smooth mesopleurae from the New World. Zootaxa, 4822 (1), 1 - 38. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4822.1.1" type="journal article" year="2020">
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Lobato-Vila
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E9556FF91FFC0FCB171B3FD3F" box="[690,734,820,844]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">et al</emphasis>
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. (2020c: 26)
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</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9556FF91FDE5FCD77209FDF9" blockId="83.[151,1437,759,967]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB06E6129556FF91FDE5FCD77209FDF9" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
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<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9556FF91FDE5FCD7716CFD18" authority="Fullaway, 1911" authorityName="Fullaway" authorityYear="1911" box="[151,513,851,875]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="varicolor">
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E9556FF91FDE5FCD77234FD18" box="[151,345,851,875]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Synergus varicolor</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9556FF91FC13FCD7716CFD18" author="Fullaway, D. T." box="[353,513,851,875]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" pagination="331 - 380" refId="ref102850" refString="Fullaway, D. T. (1911) Monograph of the gall-making Cynipidae (Cynipinae) of California. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 4 (4), 331 - 380. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 4.4.331" type="journal article" year="1911">Fullaway, 1911</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 4: 371.
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<typeStatus id="54AD7F9E9556FF91FE12FCD070FFFD1F" box="[864,914,852,876]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Type</typeStatus>
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material: USNM. Synonymized by
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<treatmentCitation id="0AB7E72D9556FF91F87AFCD7720DFDF9" author="Lobato-Vila, I. & Equihua-Martinez, A. & Estrada-Venegas, E. & Cibrian-Tovar, D. & Barrera-Ruiz, U. M. & Pujade-Villar, J." page="26" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" year="2020">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9556FF91F87AFCD7720DFDF9" author="Lobato-Vila, I. & Equihua-Martinez, A. & Estrada-Venegas, E. & Cibrian-Tovar, D. & Barrera-Ruiz, U. M. & Pujade-Villar, J." pageId="83" pageNumber="84" pagination="1 - 38" refId="ref103815" refString="Lobato-Vila, I., Equihua-Martinez, A., Estrada-Venegas, E., Cibrian-Tovar, D., Barrera-Ruiz, U. M. & Pujade-Villar, J. (2020 c) Synergus Hartig species group (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini) with partially smooth mesopleurae from the New World. Zootaxa, 4822 (1), 1 - 38. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4822.1.1" type="journal article" year="2020">
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Lobato-Vila
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E9556FF91F8F8FCD073B6FDF9" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">et al</emphasis>
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. (2020c: 26)
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</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9556FF91FDE5FC157041FDDB" blockId="83.[151,1437,759,967]" box="[151,812,912,937]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
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<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9556FF91FDE5FC157291FDDA" authority=": Weld (1922)" authorityName=": Weld" authorityYear="1922" box="[151,508,912,937]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pomiformis">
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E9556FF91FDE5FC157201FDDA" box="[151,364,913,937]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Synergus pomiformis</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9556FF91FC08FC147291FDDA" author="Weld, L. H." box="[378,508,912,937]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" pagination="1 - 29" refId="ref108767" refString="Weld, L. H. (1922) Notes on cynipid wasps, with descriptions of new North American species. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 61, 1 - 29. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.61 - 2439.1" type="journal article" year="1922">Weld (1922)</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Proc.
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<collectingCountry id="F30181AC9556FF91FF32FC157119FDDA" box="[576,628,913,937]" name="United States of America" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">U. S.</collectingCountry>
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Nat. Mus. 61: 26.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9556FF91FDE5FC2B7793FDB4" blockId="83.[151,1437,759,967]" box="[151,1278,943,967]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
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<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9556FF91FDE5FC2B71EAFDB4" authority="McCracken & Egbert, 1922" authorityName="McCracken & Egbert" authorityYear="1922" box="[151,647,943,967]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="variegatus">
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E9556FF91FDE5FC2B7209FDB4" box="[151,356,943,967]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Synergus variegatus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9556FF91FC19FC2B71EAFDB4" author="McCracken, I. & Egbert, D." box="[363,647,943,967]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" pagination="1 - 76" refId="ref104185" refString="McCracken, I. & Egbert, D. (1922) California gall-making Cynipidae with descriptions of new species. Stanford University Publications, Biological Sciences, 3 (1), 1 - 76." type="journal article" year="1922">McCracken & Egbert, 1922</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Stanford Univ., Pubs., Univ. Ser. Biol. Sci. 3 (1): 51 (in part).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30C92B79556FF91FDE5FC7277BEFA63" box="[151,1235,1013,1040]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9556FF91FDE5FC7277BEFA63" blockId="83.[151,1437,1013,1472]" box="[151,1235,1013,1040]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
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<materialsCitation id="3B7ECB619556FF91FDE5FC7277A3FA63" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3019422355" box="[151,1230,1013,1040]" collectionCode="USNM" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paralectotype">
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Type material (in part):
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<typeStatus id="54AD7F9E9556FF91FCD0FC717129FA7C" box="[418,580,1013,1039]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="paralectotype">paralectotypes</typeStatus>
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in
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<collectionCode id="ED0759F99556FF91FF1AFC7171D4FA7C" box="[616,697,1013,1039]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
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[not a synonym of
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<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9556FF91FEE1FC727742FA7C" authorityName=": Weld" authorityYear="1922" box="[915,1071,1013,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pomiformis">
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E9556FF91FEE1FC727742FA7C" box="[915,1071,1013,1040]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">S. pomiformis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, see remarks]
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30C92B79556FF91FDB5FB9D71A3FA47" box="[199,718,1049,1076]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9556FF91FDB5FB9D71A3FA47" blockId="83.[151,1437,1013,1472]" box="[199,718,1049,1076]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E9556FF91FDB5FB9D7257FA40" bold="true" box="[199,314,1049,1075]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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. See
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<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9556FF91FC0AFB9D71A7FA47" author="Lobato-Vila, I. & Equihua-Martinez, A. & Estrada-Venegas, E. & Cibrian-Tovar, D. & Barrera-Ruiz, U. M. & Pujade-Villar, J." box="[376,714,1049,1076]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" pagination="1 - 38" refId="ref103815" refString="Lobato-Vila, I., Equihua-Martinez, A., Estrada-Venegas, E., Cibrian-Tovar, D., Barrera-Ruiz, U. M. & Pujade-Villar, J. (2020 c) Synergus Hartig species group (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini) with partially smooth mesopleurae from the New World. Zootaxa, 4822 (1), 1 - 38. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4822.1.1" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
|
Lobato-Vila
|
|
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9556FF91FF74FB9E715AFA40" box="[518,567,1049,1075]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">et al</emphasis>
|
|
. (2020c: 26)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C30C92B79556FF91FDB5FBB971B7FA08" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="distribution">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9556FF91FDB5FBB971B7FA08" blockId="83.[151,1437,1013,1472]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9556FF91FDB5FBB97234FA24" bold="true" box="[199,345,1085,1111]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Distribution</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F30181AC9556FF91FC18FBB972CBFA24" box="[362,422,1085,1111]" name="United States of America" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">USA</collectingCountry>
|
|
:
|
|
<collectingRegion id="49D20FDE9556FF91FCC1FBB9714BFA2B" box="[435,550,1085,1112]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">California</collectingRegion>
|
|
) (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9556FF91FF4CFBB97181FA24" author="Fullaway, D. T." box="[574,748,1085,1111]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" pagination="331 - 380" refId="ref102850" refString="Fullaway, D. T. (1911) Monograph of the gall-making Cynipidae (Cynipinae) of California. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 4 (4), 331 - 380. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 4.4.331" type="journal article" year="1911">Fullaway 1911</bibRefCitation>
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;
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|
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9556FF91FF8BFBB9775EFA24" author="McCracken, I. & Egbert, D." box="[761,1075,1085,1111]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" pagination="1 - 76" refId="ref104185" refString="McCracken, I. & Egbert, D. (1922) California gall-making Cynipidae with descriptions of new species. Stanford University Publications, Biological Sciences, 3 (1), 1 - 76." type="journal article" year="1922">McCracken & Egbert 1922</bibRefCitation>
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;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9556FF91F933FBB97633FA24" author="Lobato-Vila, I. & Equihua-Martinez, A. & Estrada-Venegas, E. & Cibrian-Tovar, D. & Barrera-Ruiz, U. M. & Pujade-Villar, J." box="[1089,1374,1085,1112]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" pagination="1 - 38" refId="ref103815" refString="Lobato-Vila, I., Equihua-Martinez, A., Estrada-Venegas, E., Cibrian-Tovar, D., Barrera-Ruiz, U. M. & Pujade-Villar, J. (2020 c) Synergus Hartig species group (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini) with partially smooth mesopleurae from the New World. Zootaxa, 4822 (1), 1 - 38. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4822.1.1" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
|
Lobato-Vila
|
|
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9556FF91F9A0FBBA7668FA24" box="[1234,1285,1085,1111]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">et al</emphasis>
|
|
. 2020c
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
); and
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F30181AC9556FF91FDE5FBE5739CFA08" box="[151,241,1121,1147]" name="Mexico" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
|
:
|
|
<collectingRegion id="49D20FDE9556FF91FD8EFBE572C5FA08" box="[252,424,1121,1147]" country="Mexico" name="Baja California" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Baja California</collectingRegion>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9556FF91FCC4FBE571A3FA08" author="Lobato-Vila, I. & Equihua-Martinez, A. & Estrada-Venegas, E. & Cibrian-Tovar, D. & Barrera-Ruiz, U. M. & Pujade-Villar, J." box="[438,718,1121,1148]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" pagination="1 - 38" refId="ref103815" refString="Lobato-Vila, I., Equihua-Martinez, A., Estrada-Venegas, E., Cibrian-Tovar, D., Barrera-Ruiz, U. M. & Pujade-Villar, J. (2020 c) Synergus Hartig species group (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini) with partially smooth mesopleurae from the New World. Zootaxa, 4822 (1), 1 - 38. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4822.1.1" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
|
Lobato-Vila
|
|
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9556FF91FF34FBE6711AFA08" box="[582,631,1121,1147]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">et al</emphasis>
|
|
. 2020c
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C30C92B79556FF91FDB5FB01771EFA94" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="biology_ecology">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9556FF91FDB5FB01771EFA94" blockId="83.[151,1437,1013,1472]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9556FF91FDB5FB01724CFAEC" bold="true" box="[199,289,1157,1183]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Biology</emphasis>
|
|
. Reared from galls of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9556FF91FF5BFB017721FAEC" authority="(Bassett, 1881)" baseAuthorityName="Bassett" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[553,1100,1157,1183]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Amphibolips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercuspomiformis">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9556FF91FF5BFB0170FAFAEC" box="[553,919,1157,1183]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Amphibolips quercuspomiformis</emphasis>
|
|
(Bassett, 1881)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
in the
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F30181AC9556FF91F9D2FB0177BBFAEC" box="[1184,1238,1157,1183]" name="United States of America" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">USA</collectingCountry>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9556FF91F995FB0176FAFAD3" author="Ashmead, W. H." box="[1255,1431,1157,1184]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" pagination="291 - 304" refId="ref101510" refString="Ashmead, W. H. (1885) A bibliographical and synonymical catalogue of the North American Cynipidae, with description of new species. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 12 (3 - 4), 291 - 304. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 25076460" type="journal article" year="1885">Ashmead 1885</bibRefCitation>
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|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9556FF91FDE5FB2D7240FAB0" author="Kieffer, J. J." box="[151,301,1193,1219]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" pagination="131 - 133" refId="ref103090" refString="Kieffer, J. J. (1904) Diagnoses de quelques nouveaux cynipides de Californie. Bulletin de la Societe d'Histoire Naturelle de Metz, Series 2, 11, 131 - 133." type="journal article" year="1904">Kieffer 1904</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9556FF91FC4FFB2D7287FAB0" author="Fullaway, D. T." box="[317,490,1193,1219]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" pagination="331 - 380" refId="ref102850" refString="Fullaway, D. T. (1911) Monograph of the gall-making Cynipidae (Cynipinae) of California. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 4 (4), 331 - 380. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 4.4.331" type="journal article" year="1911">Fullaway 1911</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9556FF91FC8BFB2D7076FAB0" author="Lobato-Vila, I. & Equihua-Martinez, A. & Estrada-Venegas, E. & Cibrian-Tovar, D. & Barrera-Ruiz, U. M. & Pujade-Villar, J." box="[505,795,1193,1220]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" pagination="1 - 38" refId="ref103815" refString="Lobato-Vila, I., Equihua-Martinez, A., Estrada-Venegas, E., Cibrian-Tovar, D., Barrera-Ruiz, U. M. & Pujade-Villar, J. (2020 c) Synergus Hartig species group (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini) with partially smooth mesopleurae from the New World. Zootaxa, 4822 (1), 1 - 38. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4822.1.1" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
|
Lobato-Vila
|
|
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9556FF91FFF9FB2E71ADFAB0" box="[651,704,1193,1219]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">et al</emphasis>
|
|
. 2020c
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). Also, from a gall of an undetermined species of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9556FF91F81CFB2E7392FA94" authorityName="Reinhard" authorityYear="1865" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Amphibolips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9556FF91F81CFB2E7392FA94" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Amphibolips</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
in Mexico, probably a new species, on
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9556FF91FFCEFB4A7702FA94" authority="(Lobato-Vila et al. 2020 c)" baseAuthorityName="Lobato-Vila" baseAuthorityYear="2020" box="[700,1135,1229,1256]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="agrifolia">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9556FF91FFCEFB4A702DFA94" box="[700,832,1229,1256]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Q. agrifolia</emphasis>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9556FF91FE3DFB49770AFA94" author="Lobato-Vila, I. & Equihua-Martinez, A. & Estrada-Venegas, E. & Cibrian-Tovar, D. & Barrera-Ruiz, U. M. & Pujade-Villar, J." box="[847,1127,1229,1256]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" pagination="1 - 38" refId="ref103815" refString="Lobato-Vila, I., Equihua-Martinez, A., Estrada-Venegas, E., Cibrian-Tovar, D., Barrera-Ruiz, U. M. & Pujade-Villar, J. (2020 c) Synergus Hartig species group (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini) with partially smooth mesopleurae from the New World. Zootaxa, 4822 (1), 1 - 38. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4822.1.1" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
|
Lobato-Vila
|
|
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9556FF91FEADFB4A777DFA94" box="[991,1040,1229,1255]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">et al</emphasis>
|
|
. 2020c
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C30C92B79556FF91FDB5FB757063FBCC" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="discussion">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9556FF91FDB5FB757054FB0B" blockId="83.[151,1437,1013,1472]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9556FF91FDB5FB757259FB78" bold="true" box="[199,308,1265,1291]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Remarks</emphasis>
|
|
. The
|
|
<typeStatus id="54AD7F9E9556FF91FC05FB7672CAFB7F" box="[375,423,1266,1292]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">type</typeStatus>
|
|
material of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9556FF91FF41FB76704CFB78" authorityName=": Weld" authorityYear="1922" box="[563,801,1265,1292]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pomiformis">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9556FF91FF41FB76704CFB78" box="[563,801,1265,1292]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Synergus pomiformis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, as well as of its synonyms (
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9556FF91F91FFB7677A3FB78" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1904" box="[1133,1230,1265,1292]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9556FF91F91FFB7677A3FB78" box="[1133,1230,1265,1292]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">S. flavus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9556FF91F874FB7676E1FB78" authorityName="Fullaway" authorityYear="1911" box="[1286,1420,1265,1292]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="varicolor">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9556FF91F874FB7676E1FB78" box="[1286,1420,1265,1292]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">S. varicolor</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
), was examined and the species was redescribed and illustrated by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9556FF91FE07FA9177A4FB43" author="Lobato-Vila, I. & Equihua-Martinez, A. & Estrada-Venegas, E. & Cibrian-Tovar, D. & Barrera-Ruiz, U. M. & Pujade-Villar, J." box="[885,1225,1301,1328]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" pagination="1 - 38" refId="ref103815" refString="Lobato-Vila, I., Equihua-Martinez, A., Estrada-Venegas, E., Cibrian-Tovar, D., Barrera-Ruiz, U. M. & Pujade-Villar, J. (2020 c) Synergus Hartig species group (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini) with partially smooth mesopleurae from the New World. Zootaxa, 4822 (1), 1 - 38. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4822.1.1" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
|
Lobato-Vila
|
|
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9556FF91F976FA927758FB5C" box="[1028,1077,1301,1327]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">et al</emphasis>
|
|
. (2020c: 26)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
. The
|
|
<typeStatus id="54AD7F9E9556FF91F874FA92765BFB43" box="[1286,1334,1302,1328]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">type</typeStatus>
|
|
series of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9556FF91FDE5FABE7245FB20" authorityName="McCracken & Egbert" authorityYear="1922" box="[151,296,1338,1364]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="variegatus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9556FF91FDE5FABE7245FB20" box="[151,296,1338,1364]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">S. variegatus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, which was studied by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9556FF91FF58FABD7020FB20" author="Lobato-Vila, I. & Equihua-Martinez, A. & Estrada-Venegas, E. & Cibrian-Tovar, D. & Barrera-Ruiz, U. M. & Pujade-Villar, J." box="[554,845,1337,1364]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" pagination="1 - 38" refId="ref103815" refString="Lobato-Vila, I., Equihua-Martinez, A., Estrada-Venegas, E., Cibrian-Tovar, D., Barrera-Ruiz, U. M. & Pujade-Villar, J. (2020 c) Synergus Hartig species group (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini) with partially smooth mesopleurae from the New World. Zootaxa, 4822 (1), 1 - 38. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4822.1.1" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
|
Lobato-Vila
|
|
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9556FF91FFC5FABE718AFB20" box="[695,743,1337,1363]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">et al</emphasis>
|
|
. (2020c)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, is composed of two species: the actual
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9556FF91F876FABE76F8FB20" authorityName="McCracken & Egbert" authorityYear="1922" box="[1284,1429,1338,1364]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="variegatus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9556FF91F876FABE76F8FB20" box="[1284,1429,1338,1364]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">S. variegatus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, now considered a synonym of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9556FF91FC9CFADA7134FB04" authorityName="McCracken & Egbert" authorityYear="1922" box="[494,601,1373,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavens">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9556FF91FC9CFADA7134FB04" box="[494,601,1373,1400]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">S. flavens</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9556FF91FFE5FADA705EFB04" authorityName=": Weld" authorityYear="1922" box="[663,819,1373,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pomiformis">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9556FF91FFE5FADA705EFB04" box="[663,819,1373,1400]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">S. pomiformis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9556FF91FDE5FA057063FBCC" blockId="83.[151,1437,1013,1472]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
|
|
The host plant is not mentioned in the original description, but
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9556FF91FE20FA067725FBE8" baseAuthorityName="Bassett" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[850,1096,1409,1436]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Amphibolips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercuspomiformis">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9556FF91FE20FA06700EFBEF" box="[850,867,1410,1436]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">A</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9556FF91FE03FA057725FBE8" box="[881,1096,1409,1435]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">quercuspomiformis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is associated with
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9556FF91F86BFA0676F1FBE8" baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" baseAuthorityYear="1896" box="[1305,1436,1409,1436]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="wislizeni">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9556FF91F86BFA0676F1FBE8" box="[1305,1436,1409,1436]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Q. wislizeni</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9556FF91FDB5FA227226FBCC" box="[199,331,1445,1472]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="agrifolia">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9556FF91FDB5FA227226FBCC" box="[199,331,1445,1472]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Q. agrifolia</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9556FF91FC2BFA21728DFBCC" author="Burks, B. D." box="[345,480,1445,1471]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" refId="ref102011" refString="Burks, B. D. (1979) Superfamily Cynipoidea. In: Krombein, K. V., Hurd, P. D., Smith, D. R. & Burks, B. D. (Eds.), Catalog of Hymenoptera in America north of Mexico. Vol. 1. Symphyta and Apocrita (Parasitica). Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D. C., pp. 1045 - 1107" type="book" year="1979">Burks 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9556FF91FC9EFA21706FFBCC" author="Lobato-Vila, I. & Equihua-Martinez, A. & Estrada-Venegas, E. & Cibrian-Tovar, D. & Barrera-Ruiz, U. M. & Pujade-Villar, J." box="[492,770,1445,1472]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" pagination="1 - 38" refId="ref103815" refString="Lobato-Vila, I., Equihua-Martinez, A., Estrada-Venegas, E., Cibrian-Tovar, D., Barrera-Ruiz, U. M. & Pujade-Villar, J. (2020 c) Synergus Hartig species group (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini) with partially smooth mesopleurae from the New World. Zootaxa, 4822 (1), 1 - 38. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4822.1.1" type="journal article" year="2020">
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Lobato-Vila
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |