337 lines
51 KiB
XML
337 lines
51 KiB
XML
<document id="049D336B03EC3A067FC0D4AC77FC74D3" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.193333" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a2d3a699-7d95-4ead-8e8e-00de1c6b970b" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="193333" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460133148736" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Hershler, Robert & Liu, Hsiu-Ping" docDate="2010" docId="03BF655E3E0A8A0DFF3D673AE8EEF916" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02343p017.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2343" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Pyrgulopsis castaicensis Hershler & Liu, 2010, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="10" masterDocId="FF861D263E0F8A04FFAA6200E934FFC4" masterDocTitle="Two new, possibly threatened species of Pyrgulopsis (Gastropoda: Hydrobiidae) from southwestern California" masterLastPageNumber="17" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="6" updateTime="1698235187927" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="06E79E5367DB6EEFBAF641111E4B368A">
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<mods:title id="E76ADD6AB41E6932BCC7D7DA3D68AC17">Two new, possibly threatened species of Pyrgulopsis (Gastropoda: Hydrobiidae) from southwestern California</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="A05FE3705396E8CD98648ACC6F2D9F6C" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="FFB08EEDF42CA8DE385651E1D22A0C23">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="C2BE001E69B26E12517FAA92DE03311B">Hershler, Robert</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="C3EC68840CB3F79DAD9CD4FE334B523B" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="14D15BB09A9E5CB3E347A5E8D1BCB570">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="334BF3E76CD4D782532C83306C1721F6">Liu, Hsiu-Ping</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="95E1041E830C9EB8B685825F329BFF11">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="C356ABF13B33D48B705F56B3B69B5C14">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="F7BD24DC34C18CB8147ACDFD44394A5D">
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<mods:date id="B9EA6AA2D9149A88D56B3B2D24B0C762">2010</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="11DAE52287B2414119A72804C5313F64" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="7236A2108BAAF950434A0266EA2698D6">2343</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="2AEDB254F77501ED57F60E9662BC3C95">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="EDCC63DF8010994483F4CC8C0C1A6DA7" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.193333</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="84A8D52E16CD2A2DC10A887BC6FA8670" type="GBIF-Dataset">a2d3a699-7d95-4ead-8e8e-00de1c6b970b</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="3F9CBAC1D38CF48EE0FFFBC913770E95" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="8FC527A08053AE5AD780B2432A94CEA5" type="Zenodo-Dep">193333</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03BF655E3E0A8A0DFF3D673AE8EEF916" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5678762" ID-GBIF-Taxon="124955707" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5678762" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BF655E3E0A8A0DFF3D673AE8EEF916" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BF655E3E0A8A0DFF3D673AE8EEF916" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<subSubSection id="C30C87C33E0A8A01FF3D673AE824FABD" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA9D4483E0A8A01FF3D673AEB2BFA97" blockId="5.[151,543,1337,1401]" box="[151,543,1337,1364]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<heading id="D0E163243E0A8A01FF3D673AEB2BFA97" bold="true" box="[151,543,1337,1364]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B962085A3E0A8A01FF3D673AEB2BFA97" bold="true" box="[151,543,1337,1364]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<taxonomicName id="4C16AFCB3E0A8A01FF3D673AE88FFA90" ID-CoL="7SYS9" box="[151,443,1338,1364]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Pyrgulopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="castaicensis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B962085A3E0A8A01FF3D673AE88FFA90" bold="true" box="[151,443,1338,1364]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Pyrgulopsis castaicensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A251B5213E0A8A01FE686739EB2BFA97" box="[450,543,1337,1363]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA9D4483E0A8A01FF3D675FE824FABD" blockId="5.[151,543,1337,1401]" box="[151,272,1375,1401]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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(
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<figureCitation id="132DC8CD3E0A8A01FF35675FE833FABD" box="[159,263,1375,1401]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 3. P" captionStart-1="FIGURE 4. P" captionStart-2="FIGURE 5. P" captionStartId-0="6.[151,258,1768,1792]" captionStartId-1="7.[151,256,1616,1640]" captionStartId-2="8.[151,258,1820,1844]" captionTargetBox-0="[183,1402,269,1747]" captionTargetBox-1="[184,1404,444,1598]" captionTargetBox-2="[377,1202,616,1774]" captionTargetId-0="figure@6.[183,1404,269,1747]" captionTargetId-1="figure@7.[184,1405,444,1598]" captionTargetId-2="figure@8.[367,1217,601,1791]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="7" captionTargetPageId-2="8" captionText-0="FIGURE 3. P. castaicensis sp. nov. A – C. Shells. Scale = 1.0 mm. A. Holotype, USNM 1120442. B – C. Paratypes, USNM 1132532. D. Shell apex, USNM 1132532. Scale = 100 µm. E. Close-up of protoconch sculpture, USNM 1132532. Scale = 100 µm. F – H. Opercula, USNM 1132532. Scale = 250 µm. F. Outer side, showing frilled whorl. G – H. Inner side, showing variation in thickening of attachment scar margin." captionText-1="FIGURE 4. P. castaicensis sp. nov., USNM 1097788. A. Portion of radula ribbon. Scale = 10 µm. B. Central radular teeth. Scale = 2 µm. C. Lateral and inner marginal teeth. Scale = 10 µm. D – E. Inner marginal teeth. Scales = 10 µm. F. Outer marginal teeth. Scale = 10 µm. Wg = wing." captionText-2="FIGURE 5. P. castaicensis sp. nov., USNM 1097788. Scale = 0.25 mm. A – B. Penis. A. Dorsal surface. B. Ventral surface of distal portion, showing extent of terminal gland. C. Female glandular oviduct and associated structures (viewed from the left side). D. Bursa copulatrix and its duct. E. Seminal receptacle and its duct. Ag = albumen gland, Bu = bursa copulatrix, Cd = common duct of seminal receptacle and oviduct, Cg = capsule gland, Co = coiled oviduct, Dbu = bursal duct, Ga = genital aperture, Pd = penial duct, Pf = penial filament, Pl = penial lobe, Pw = posterior wall of pallial cavity, Tg = terminal gland, Vc = ventral channel, Vg = ventral gland." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/193336/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/193337/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/193338/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs 3–5</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30C87C33E0A8A01FF3D67A9ED3FF9CA" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BA9D4483E0A8A01FF3D67A9ED3FF9CA" blockId="5.[151,1437,1449,2036]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<typeStatus id="54AD6AEA3E0A8A01FF3D67A9E9D5FA07" box="[151,225,1449,1475]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<emphasis id="B962085A3E0A8A01FF3D67A9E9D5FA07" bold="true" box="[151,225,1449,1475]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Types</emphasis>
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</typeStatus>
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.
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<typeStatus id="54AD6AEA3E0A8A01FF5E67AAE853FA00" box="[244,359,1450,1476]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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(
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<figureCitation id="132DC8CD3E0A8A01FED367AAE8F7FA00" box="[377,451,1450,1476]" captionStart="FIGURE 3. P" captionStartId="6.[151,258,1768,1792]" captionTargetBox="[183,1402,269,1747]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[183,1404,269,1747]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. P. castaicensis sp. nov. A – C. Shells. Scale = 1.0 mm. A. Holotype, USNM 1120442. B – C. Paratypes, USNM 1132532. D. Shell apex, USNM 1132532. Scale = 100 µm. E. Close-up of protoconch sculpture, USNM 1132532. Scale = 100 µm. F – H. Opercula, USNM 1132532. Scale = 250 µm. F. Outer side, showing frilled whorl. G – H. Inner side, showing variation in thickening of attachment scar margin." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/193336/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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A), USNM 1120442, Middle Canyon Spring, ca.
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<quantity id="4CEE79AD3E0A8A01FB8167AAEDA5FA00" box="[1067,1169,1450,1476]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.46" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="km" value="1.46">1.46 km</quantity>
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southwest of Castaic Junction, Santa Clara River drainage, Los Angeles County, California (351542 E, 3810993 N),
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<date id="FFA8F2883E0A8A01FAB167CFECA3FA2D" box="[1307,1431,1487,1513]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="2008-10-21">21/x/2008</date>
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, Robert Hershler.
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<typeStatus id="54AD6AEA3E0A8A01FECA67F4E8E1F9CA" box="[352,469,1524,1550]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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, USNM 1132532 (from same lot, 60 dry shells).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30C87C33E0A8A01FF6E6419E9D1F99D" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8BA9D4483E0A8A01FF6E6419E9D1F99D" blockId="5.[151,1437,1449,2036]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<emphasis id="B962085A3E0A8A01FF6E6419E867F9F7" bold="true" box="[196,339,1561,1587]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Etymology.</emphasis>
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A geographic epithet referring to the distribution of this species near the mouth of Castaic Creek.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30C87C33E0A8A01FF6E6464EDC5F960" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BA9D4483E0A8A01FF6E6464EDC5F960" blockId="5.[151,1437,1449,2036]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<emphasis id="B962085A3E0A8A01FF6E6464E89BF9BA" bold="true" box="[196,431,1636,1662]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Referred material.</emphasis>
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CALIFORNIA. Los Angeles County.
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<collectionCode id="ED074C8D3E0A8A01FCD76464EAE6F9BA" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[893,978,1636,1662]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">USNM</collectionCode>
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1097788., Middle Canyon Spring, ca.
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<quantity id="4CEE79AD3E0A8A01FF3D648AE9E7F960" box="[151,211,1674,1700]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="m" value="20.0">20 m</quantity>
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below spring source, 351596 E, 3810937 N,
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<date id="FFA8F2883E0A8A01FD4C648AEA53F960" box="[742,871,1674,1700]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="2006-06-26">26/vi/2006</date>
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, Mark Elvin & Douglas Threloff.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30C87C33E0A8A01FF6E64AFEB80F8D0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BA9D4483E0A8A01FF6E64AFEB80F8D0" blockId="5.[151,1437,1449,2036]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<emphasis id="B962085A3E0A8A01FF6E64AFE873F90D" bold="true" box="[196,327,1711,1737]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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A small species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C16AFCB3E0A8A01FD9C64B0EBF0F90D" box="[566,708,1712,1737]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Pyrgulopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B962085A3E0A8A01FD9C64B0EBF0F90D" box="[566,708,1712,1737]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Pyrgulopsis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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having a medium-spired, sub-globose to narrow-conic shell with medium to highly convex whorls. Penis having a small lobe and short filament; penial ornament consisting of a well developed terminal gland.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30C87C33E0A8A0DFF6E651FEAE1FE73" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BA9D4483E0A8A02FF6E651FE861FF13" blockId="5.[151,1437,1449,2036]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1436,152,215]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<emphasis id="B962085A3E0A8A01FF6E651FE868F8FD" bold="true" box="[196,348,1823,1849]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Description.</emphasis>
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Shell (
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<figureCitation id="132DC8CD3E0A8A01FE1A651FE8C0F8FD" box="[432,500,1823,1849]" captionStart="FIGURE 3. P" captionStartId="6.[151,258,1768,1792]" captionTargetBox="[183,1402,269,1747]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[183,1404,269,1747]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. P. castaicensis sp. nov. A – C. Shells. Scale = 1.0 mm. A. Holotype, USNM 1120442. B – C. Paratypes, USNM 1132532. D. Shell apex, USNM 1132532. Scale = 100 µm. E. Close-up of protoconch sculpture, USNM 1132532. Scale = 100 µm. F – H. Opercula, USNM 1132532. Scale = 250 µm. F. Outer side, showing frilled whorl. G – H. Inner side, showing variation in thickening of attachment scar margin." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/193336/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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A–C) usually ovate- or narrow-conic, rarely sub-globose (smallest individuals); height about
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<quantity id="4CEE79AD3E0A8A01FE856544E88BF89A" box="[303,447,1860,1886]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="1.9" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="1.3">1.3–2.5 mm</quantity>
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; whorls 3.5–4.5. Periostracum tan, thin. Protoconch (
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<figureCitation id="132DC8CD3E0A8A01FB876544ED44F89A" box="[1069,1136,1860,1886]" captionStart="FIGURE 3. P" captionStartId="6.[151,258,1768,1792]" captionTargetBox="[183,1402,269,1747]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[183,1404,269,1747]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. P. castaicensis sp. nov. A – C. Shells. Scale = 1.0 mm. A. Holotype, USNM 1120442. B – C. Paratypes, USNM 1132532. D. Shell apex, USNM 1132532. Scale = 100 µm. E. Close-up of protoconch sculpture, USNM 1132532. Scale = 100 µm. F – H. Opercula, USNM 1132532. Scale = 250 µm. F. Outer side, showing frilled whorl. G – H. Inner side, showing variation in thickening of attachment scar margin." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/193336/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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D) near planispiral, about 1.3 whorls, diameter about 365 µm, initial 0.5 whorl (
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<figureCitation id="132DC8CD3E0A8A01FCFE656AEA94F840" box="[852,928,1898,1924]" captionStart="FIGURE 3. P" captionStartId="6.[151,258,1768,1792]" captionTargetBox="[183,1402,269,1747]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[183,1404,269,1747]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. P. castaicensis sp. nov. A – C. Shells. Scale = 1.0 mm. A. Holotype, USNM 1120442. B – C. Paratypes, USNM 1132532. D. Shell apex, USNM 1132532. Scale = 100 µm. E. Close-up of protoconch sculpture, USNM 1132532. Scale = 100 µm. F – H. Opercula, USNM 1132532. Scale = 250 µm. F. Outer side, showing frilled whorl. G – H. Inner side, showing variation in thickening of attachment scar margin." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/193336/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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E) weakly wrinkled, otherwise smooth. Teleoconch whorls medium or highly convex, strongly shouldered; sculpture of well developed, collabral growth lines; last 0.5 whorl usually slightly loosened. Aperture medium-sized, ovate, slightly angled adapically. Inner lip usually disjunct, rarely narrowly adnate; thin or slightly thickened internally, without columellar shelf; outer lip thin, orthocline or weakly prosocline. Umbilicus perforate in specimens having an adnate inner lip.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF6984C03E098A02FF3D64E8EAB0F8A4" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/193336/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" targetBox="[183,1402,269,1747]" targetPageId="6">
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<paragraph id="8BA9D4483E098A02FF3D64E8EAB0F8A4" blockId="6.[151,1437,1768,1888]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<emphasis id="B962085A3E098A02FF3D64E8E823F8C4" bold="true" box="[151,279,1768,1792]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">FIGURE 3</emphasis>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C16AFCB3E098A02FE8C64E9E8FEF8C4" box="[294,458,1769,1792]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Pyrgulopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="castaicensis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B962085A3E098A02FE8C64E9E8FEF8C4" box="[294,458,1769,1792]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. castaicensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A251B5213E098A02FE7B64E8EB1FF8C4" box="[465,555,1768,1792]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species">
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<emphasis id="B962085A3E098A02FE7B64E8EB1FF8C4" bold="true" box="[465,555,1768,1792]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">sp. nov.</emphasis>
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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A–C. Shells. Scale = 1.0 mm. A. Holotype, USNM 1120442. B–C. Paratypes, USNM 1132532. D. Shell apex, USNM 1132532. Scale = 100 µm. E. Close-up of protoconch sculpture, USNM 1132532. Scale = 100 µm. F–H. Opercula, USNM 1132532. Scale = 250 µm. F. Outer side, showing frilled whorl. G–H. Inner side, showing variation in thickening of attachment scar margin.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8BA9D4483E098A03FF6E658EE895FE56" blockId="6.[151,1436,1934,2035]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1437,152,402]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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Operculum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132DC8CD3E098A02FEF0658EE895F86C" box="[346,417,1934,1960]" captionStart="FIGURE 3. P" captionStartId="6.[151,258,1768,1792]" captionTargetBox="[183,1402,269,1747]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[183,1404,269,1747]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. P. castaicensis sp. nov. A – C. Shells. Scale = 1.0 mm. A. Holotype, USNM 1120442. B – C. Paratypes, USNM 1132532. D. Shell apex, USNM 1132532. Scale = 100 µm. E. Close-up of protoconch sculpture, USNM 1132532. Scale = 100 µm. F – H. Opercula, USNM 1132532. Scale = 250 µm. F. Outer side, showing frilled whorl. G – H. Inner side, showing variation in thickening of attachment scar margin." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/193336/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
F) thin, flat, light amber (nuclear region slightly darker), multispiral with sub-central nucleus; last 0.5–0.75 whorl weakly frilled on outer side; attachment scar border on inner side of operculum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132DC8CD3E098A02FF0A65D9E9D1F837" box="[160,229,2009,2035]" captionStart="FIGURE 3. P" captionStartId="6.[151,258,1768,1792]" captionTargetBox="[183,1402,269,1747]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[183,1404,269,1747]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. P. castaicensis sp. nov. A – C. Shells. Scale = 1.0 mm. A. Holotype, USNM 1120442. B – C. Paratypes, USNM 1132532. D. Shell apex, USNM 1132532. Scale = 100 µm. E. Close-up of protoconch sculpture, USNM 1132532. Scale = 100 µm. F – H. Opercula, USNM 1132532. Scale = 250 µm. F. Outer side, showing frilled whorl. G – H. Inner side, showing variation in thickening of attachment scar margin." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/193336/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
G–H) nearly smooth to slightly thickened almost all around. Radula taenioglossate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132DC8CD3E098A02FB7F65D9EC29F837" box="[1237,1309,2009,2035]" captionStart="FIGURE 4. P" captionStartId="7.[151,256,1616,1640]" captionTargetBox="[184,1404,444,1598]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[184,1405,444,1598]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. P. castaicensis sp. nov., USNM 1097788. A. Portion of radula ribbon. Scale = 10 µm. B. Central radular teeth. Scale = 2 µm. C. Lateral and inner marginal teeth. Scale = 10 µm. D – E. Inner marginal teeth. Scales = 10 µm. F. Outer marginal teeth. Scale = 10 µm. Wg = wing." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/193337/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
A), having about 43 well-formed rows of teeth. Central teeth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132DC8CD3E088A03FD5E6298EA08FF76" box="[756,828,152,178]" captionStart="FIGURE 4. P" captionStartId="7.[151,256,1616,1640]" captionTargetBox="[184,1404,444,1598]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[184,1405,444,1598]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. P. castaicensis sp. nov., USNM 1097788. A. Portion of radula ribbon. Scale = 10 µm. B. Central radular teeth. Scale = 2 µm. C. Lateral and inner marginal teeth. Scale = 10 µm. D – E. Inner marginal teeth. Scales = 10 µm. F. Outer marginal teeth. Scale = 10 µm. Wg = wing." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/193337/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
B) about 17 µm wide, cutting edge concave; lateral cusps 4–6; central cusp narrow, pointed, parallel-sided proximally; basal cusp 1, small; basal tongue Vshaped, about as long as lateral margins. Lateral tooth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132DC8CD3E088A03FC8362E2EA44FF38" box="[809,880,226,252]" captionStart="FIGURE 4. P" captionStartId="7.[151,256,1616,1640]" captionTargetBox="[184,1404,444,1598]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[184,1405,444,1598]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. P. castaicensis sp. nov., USNM 1097788. A. Portion of radula ribbon. Scale = 10 µm. B. Central radular teeth. Scale = 2 µm. C. Lateral and inner marginal teeth. Scale = 10 µm. D – E. Inner marginal teeth. Scales = 10 µm. F. Outer marginal teeth. Scale = 10 µm. Wg = wing." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/193337/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
C) face rectangular; central cusp large, narrow, pointed; lateral cusps 3–4 (inner), 4–5 (outer); outer wing medium width, flexed, straight, about 250% length of cutting edge; basal tongue weakly developed. Inner marginal teeth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132DC8CD3E088A03FC7F632DED2FFE83" box="[981,1051,301,327]" captionStart="FIGURE 4. P" captionStartId="7.[151,256,1616,1640]" captionTargetBox="[184,1404,444,1598]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[184,1405,444,1598]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. P. castaicensis sp. nov., USNM 1097788. A. Portion of radula ribbon. Scale = 10 µm. B. Central radular teeth. Scale = 2 µm. C. Lateral and inner marginal teeth. Scale = 10 µm. D – E. Inner marginal teeth. Scales = 10 µm. F. Outer marginal teeth. Scale = 10 µm. Wg = wing." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/193337/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
C–E) having 22–26 cusps. Outer marginal teeth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132DC8CD3E088A03FEFF6352E8A9FEA8" box="[341,413,338,364]" captionStart="FIGURE 4. P" captionStartId="7.[151,256,1616,1640]" captionTargetBox="[184,1404,444,1598]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[184,1405,444,1598]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. P. castaicensis sp. nov., USNM 1097788. A. Portion of radula ribbon. Scale = 10 µm. B. Central radular teeth. Scale = 2 µm. C. Lateral and inner marginal teeth. Scale = 10 µm. D – E. Inner marginal teeth. Scales = 10 µm. F. Outer marginal teeth. Scale = 10 µm. Wg = wing." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/193337/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
F) having 24–28 cusps; inner edge having long, rectangular wing. Radular data were from USNM 1097788.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF6984C03E088A03FF3D6450EB9DF963" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/193337/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" targetBox="[184,1404,444,1598]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9D4483E088A03FF3D6450EB9DF963" blockId="7.[151,1437,1616,1703]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962085A3E088A03FF3D6450E820F9AC" bold="true" box="[151,276,1616,1640]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">FIGURE 4</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16AFCB3E088A03FE896451E8F5F9AC" box="[291,449,1617,1640]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Pyrgulopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="castaicensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962085A3E088A03FE896451E8F5F9AC" box="[291,449,1617,1640]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. castaicensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A251B5213E088A03FE636450EB14F9AC" box="[457,544,1616,1640]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962085A3E088A03FE636450EB14F9AC" bold="true" box="[457,544,1616,1640]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, USNM 1097788. A. Portion of radula ribbon. Scale = 10 µm. B. Central radular teeth. Scale = 2 µm. C. Lateral and inner marginal teeth. Scale = 10 µm. D–E. Inner marginal teeth. Scales = 10 µm. F. Outer marginal teeth. Scale = 10 µm. Wg = wing.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9D4483E088A0CFF6E64D6E9F6FDE3" blockId="7.[151,1437,1750,2037]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1437,152,551]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
Head-foot generally lightly pigmented. Cephalic tentacles pale or having central, longitudinal brown streak. Snout light brown or black, pigment weaker or absent centrally; distal lips pale. Sole of foot pale. Pallial roof, visceral coil dark brown or black dorsally. Ctenidium well developed, positioned a little in front of pericardium; ctenidial filaments about 15, rather small, taller than wide, without pleats. Osphradium narrow or elongate, positioned centrally along ctenidium. Prostate gland small, bean-shaped, about 33% of length in pallial roof. Anterior vas deferens opening from ventral edge of prostate gland a little in front of (posterior) pallial wall, section of duct on columellar muscle having prominent bend. Penis (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132DC8CD3E088A03FAA565B6EC6CF814" box="[1295,1368,1974,2000]" captionStart="FIGURE 5. P" captionStartId="8.[151,258,1820,1844]" captionTargetBox="[377,1202,616,1774]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[367,1217,601,1791]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. P. castaicensis sp. nov., USNM 1097788. Scale = 0.25 mm. A – B. Penis. A. Dorsal surface. B. Ventral surface of distal portion, showing extent of terminal gland. C. Female glandular oviduct and associated structures (viewed from the left side). D. Bursa copulatrix and its duct. E. Seminal receptacle and its duct. Ag = albumen gland, Bu = bursa copulatrix, Cd = common duct of seminal receptacle and oviduct, Cg = capsule gland, Co = coiled oviduct, Dbu = bursal duct, Ga = genital aperture, Pd = penial duct, Pf = penial filament, Pl = penial lobe, Pw = posterior wall of pallial cavity, Tg = terminal gland, Vc = ventral channel, Vg = ventral gland." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/193338/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
A–B) medium sized; base rectangular, slightly expanded distally; inner edge having weak folds; filament short, narrow, tapering, slightly oblique; lobe short, broad, slightly tapered distally, oblique. Terminal gland usually narrow, crescent-shaped, overlapping ventral and (to a lesser extent) dorsal edges of lobe; gland divided into two small, circular units in one specimen. Penial duct narrow, nearly straight. Proximal half of penial filament containing a dense core of black pigment; penis otherwise pigmented with scattered black granules. Female glandular duct and associated structures shown in
|
||
<figureCitation id="132DC8CD3E078A0CFD5F632DEA6EFE83" box="[757,858,301,327]" captionStart="FIGURE 5. P" captionStartId="8.[151,258,1820,1844]" captionTargetBox="[377,1202,616,1774]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[367,1217,601,1791]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. P. castaicensis sp. nov., USNM 1097788. Scale = 0.25 mm. A – B. Penis. A. Dorsal surface. B. Ventral surface of distal portion, showing extent of terminal gland. C. Female glandular oviduct and associated structures (viewed from the left side). D. Bursa copulatrix and its duct. E. Seminal receptacle and its duct. Ag = albumen gland, Bu = bursa copulatrix, Cd = common duct of seminal receptacle and oviduct, Cg = capsule gland, Co = coiled oviduct, Dbu = bursal duct, Ga = genital aperture, Pd = penial duct, Pf = penial filament, Pl = penial lobe, Pw = posterior wall of pallial cavity, Tg = terminal gland, Vc = ventral channel, Vg = ventral gland." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/193338/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figure 5</figureCitation>
|
||
C–E. Coiled oviduct a medium-sized, posterioroblique loop. Bursa copulatrix small, ovate, horizontal, largely overlapped by albumen gland. Bursal duct slightly longer and considerably narrower than bursa, opening from distal edge, partly embedded in albumen gland. Seminal receptacle small to medium-sized, sac-shaped, sometimes folded, positioned near anteroventral edge of bursa, duct short to medium length. Albumen gland longer and wider than capsule gland, having very short pallial section. Capsule gland composed of two tissue sections. Genital aperture a terminal slit.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF6984C03E078A0CFF3D651CEAB6F827" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/193338/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" targetBox="[377,1202,616,1774]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9D4483E078A0CFF3D651CEAB6F827" blockId="8.[151,1437,1820,2019]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962085A3E078A0CFF3D651CE823F8F0" bold="true" box="[151,279,1820,1844]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">FIGURE 5</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16AFCB3E078A0CFE8F651DE8FCF8F0" box="[293,456,1821,1844]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Pyrgulopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="castaicensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962085A3E078A0CFE8F651DE8FCF8F0" box="[293,456,1821,1844]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">P. castaicensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A251B5213E078A0CFE7A651CEB1DF8F0" box="[464,553,1820,1844]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962085A3E078A0CFE7A651CEB1DF8F0" bold="true" box="[464,553,1820,1844]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, USNM 1097788. Scale = 0.25 mm. A–B. Penis. A. Dorsal surface. B. Ventral surface of distal portion, showing extent of terminal gland. C. Female glandular oviduct and associated structures (viewed from the left side). D. Bursa copulatrix and its duct. E. Seminal receptacle and its duct. Ag = albumen gland, Bu = bursa copulatrix, Cd = common duct of seminal receptacle and oviduct, Cg = capsule gland, Co = coiled oviduct, Dbu = bursal duct, Ga =genital aperture, Pd = penial duct, Pf = penial filament, Pl = penial lobe, Pw = posterior wall of pallial cavity, Tg = terminal gland, Vc = ventral channel, Vg = ventral gland.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9D4483E068A0DFF6E6297ED71FE83" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1746]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962085A3E068A0DFF6E6297E8FCFF75" bold="true" box="[196,456,151,177]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Shell measurements</emphasis>
|
||
(mean + standard deviation in parentheses): height
|
||
<quantity id="4CEE79AD3E068A0DFBE06298EDCFFF76" box="[1098,1275,152,178]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.19" metricValueMax="2.45" metricValueMin="1.93" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="2.19" valueMax="2.45" valueMin="1.93">1.93–2.45 mm</quantity>
|
||
(2.16+0.15), width
|
||
<quantity id="4CEE79AD3E068A0DFF4A62BDE8BFFF13" box="[224,395,189,215]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.47" metricValueMax="1.65" metricValueMin="1.29" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="1.47" valueMax="1.65" valueMin="1.29">1.29–1.65 mm</quantity>
|
||
(1.44+0.10), body whorl height
|
||
<quantity id="4CEE79AD3E068A0DFCAC62BDEA84FF13" box="[774,944,189,215]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6099999999999999" metricValueMax="1.79" metricValueMin="1.43" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="1.6099999999999999" valueMax="1.79" valueMin="1.43">1.43–1.79 mm</quantity>
|
||
(1.62+0.09), body whorl width
|
||
<quantity id="4CEE79AD3E068A0DFA8C62BDE9F1FF38" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.285" metricValueMax="1.44" metricValueMin="1.13" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="1.285" valueMax="1.44" valueMin="1.13">1.13–1.44 mm</quantity>
|
||
(1.27+0.08), aperture height
|
||
<quantity id="4CEE79AD3E068A0DFDB762E2EBF3FF38" box="[541,711,226,252]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.25" metricValueMax="10.3" metricValueMin="8.2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="0.925" valueMax="1.03" valueMin="0.82">0.82–1.03 mm</quantity>
|
||
(0.90+0.06), aperture width
|
||
<quantity id="4CEE79AD3E068A0DFBB362E2EDF0FF38" box="[1049,1220,226,252]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.3" metricValueMax="9.1" metricValueMin="7.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="0.83" valueMax="0.91" valueMin="0.75">0.75–0.91 mm</quantity>
|
||
(0.82+0.04), shell width/height 0.61–0.71 (0.67+0.03), body whorl height/shell height 0.69–0.79 (0.75+0.02), aperture height/ shell height 0.36–0.46 (0.42+0.02) (from
|
||
<typeStatus id="54AD6AEA3E068A0DFDD4632DEBD7FE83" box="[638,739,301,327]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
lot, USNM 1132532,
|
||
<emphasis id="B962085A3E068A0DFC42632DEAC3FE82" box="[1000,1015,301,326]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 30).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9D4483E068A0DFF6E6352EAE1FE73" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1746]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962085A3E068A0DFF6E6352EB28FEA8" bold="true" box="[196,540,338,364]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
Measurements of
|
||
<typeStatus id="54AD6AEA3E068A0DFE0C6352EB23FEA8" box="[422,535,338,364]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
height
|
||
<quantity id="4CEE79AD3E068A0DFDDD6352EBD0FEA8" box="[631,740,338,364]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.50 mm</quantity>
|
||
, width
|
||
<quantity id="4CEE79AD3E068A0DFC976352EA9EFEA8" box="[829,938,338,364]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="1.7">1.70 mm</quantity>
|
||
, body whorl height
|
||
<quantity id="4CEE79AD3E068A0DFB336352EC33FEA8" box="[1177,1287,338,364]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.81" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="1.81">1.81 mm</quantity>
|
||
, body whorl width
|
||
<quantity id="4CEE79AD3E068A0DFF4F6378E862FE56" box="[229,342,376,402]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.39" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="1.39">1.39 mm</quantity>
|
||
, aperture height
|
||
<quantity id="4CEE79AD3E068A0DFD8D6378EBACFE56" box="[551,664,376,402]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="1.05">1.05 mm</quantity>
|
||
, aperture width
|
||
<quantity id="4CEE79AD3E068A0DFCC86378EAE7FE56" box="[866,979,376,402]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="0.92">0.92 mm</quantity>
|
||
, shell width/height 0.68, body whorl height/shell height 0.72, aperture height/shell height 0.42, 4.25 whorls.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30C87C33E068A0DFF6E63C2ED66FC58" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9D4483E068A0DFF6E63C2EBFFFD53" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1746]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962085A3E068A0DFF6E63C2EA3EFE18" bold="true" box="[196,778,450,476]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Distribution, habitat and conservation status.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16AFCB3E068A0DFCB963C2ED0EFE1F" box="[787,1082,450,475]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Pyrgulopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="castaicensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962085A3E068A0DFCB963C2ED0EFE1F" box="[787,1082,450,475]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Pyrgulopsis castaicensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears to be endemic to the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54AD6AEA3E068A0DFF3D63E8E9FEFDC6" box="[151,202,488,514]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality area based on the first author’s regional fieldwork and study of pertinent institutional collections, and recent surveys of proximate portions of the Santa Clara River basin (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF87A9B93E068A0DFBB9600DED94FDE3" author="Swift" box="[1043,1184,525,551]" pageId="9" pageNumber="17" refString="Swift, C. (2009) Summary of the recent reconnaissance survey work conducted to detect freshwater snail presence in selected habitat locations on Newhall Ranch. Memorandum submitted to Matt Carpenter, The Newhall Land and Farming Company, Valencia, California. Available from http: // nrm. dfg. ca. gov / FileHandler. ashx? DocumentID = 11296 (accessed 29 July 2009)." type="book" year="2009">Swift 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The small, shallow spring-fed stream inhabited by this species is situated on a terrace of the Santa Clara River and shaded by a tall canopy and dense riparian vegetation (Dudek 2007).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16AFCB3E068A0DFCE46058ED4CFDB5" box="[846,1144,600,625]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Pyrgulopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="castaicensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962085A3E068A0DFCE46058ED4CFDB5" box="[846,1144,600,625]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Pyrgulopsis castaicensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was rather abundant on plant debris and the sandy bottom of the stream.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9D4483E068A0DFF6E60A2ED66FC58" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1746]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54AD6AEA3E068A0DFF5060A2E819FD78" box="[250,301,674,700]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality area is located along the northeastern edge of the property slated for development. The resources management plan for this development incorporates an adaptive management framework to ensure protection of the spring habitat of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16AFCB3E068A0DFD8C60EDEBE4FCC2" box="[550,720,749,774]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Pyrgulopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="castaicensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962085A3E068A0DFD8C60EDEBE4FCC2" box="[550,720,749,774]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P. castaicensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(USACE & CDFG 2009); the California Department of Fish and Game is overseeing the implementation of the plan and the conservation program associated with the development. Although its spring habitat will be protected under this plan as a “unique landscape feature,”
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16AFCB3E068A0DFA2C6138E81DFCB2" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Pyrgulopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="castaicensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962085A3E068A0DFA2C6138E81DFCB2" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P. castaicensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
nonetheless may be threatened by the extensive alteration of local topography and watershed associated with this development (GSI Water Solutions
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF87A9B93E068A0DFC8F6182EAA3FC58" author="Inc" box="[805,919,898,924]" pageId="9" pageNumber="16" refString="GSI Water Solutions, Inc. (2007) Middle Canyon Spring hydrogeologic assessment and impact evaluation report. Prepared for the Newhall Land and Farming Company, Valencia, California. Available from http: // nrm. dfg. ca. gov / FileHandler. ashx? DocumentID = 11067 (accessed 30 July 2009)." type="journal article" year="2007">Inc. 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Dudek 2008a).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30C87C33E068A0DFF6E61A7E8EEF916" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9D4483E068A0DFF6E61A7EC1BFB93" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1746]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962085A3E068A0DFF6E61A7E873FC05" bold="true" box="[196,327,935,961]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The spring that constitutes the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54AD6AEA3E068A0DFD4861A8EA2DFC06" box="[738,793,936,962]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16AFCB3E068A0DFC1B61A8ED5AFC05" box="[945,1134,936,961]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Pyrgulopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="castaicensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962085A3E068A0DFC1B61A8ED5AFC05" box="[945,1134,936,961]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P. castaicensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not shown on USGS topographic or BLM land management maps, but has been referred to as Middle Canyon Spring in numerous documents relating to the Newhall Ranch development plan (e.g., Dudek 2007; Dudek 2008b; USACE & CDFG 2009). The species described herein as
|
||
<emphasis id="B962085A3E068A0DFD626618EA47FBF5" box="[712,883,1048,1073]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P. c a s t a i c e n s i s</emphasis>
|
||
was mentioned (as an undescribed species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16AFCB3E068A0DFF3D663DE816FB92" box="[151,290,1085,1110]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Pyrgulopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962085A3E068A0DFF3D663DE816FB92" box="[151,290,1085,1110]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Pyrgulopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) in several of these documents (e.g., Dudek 2007;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF87A9B93E068A0DFCDD663DEAC8FB93" author="Swift" box="[887,1020,1085,1111]" pageId="9" pageNumber="17" refString="Swift, C. (2009) Summary of the recent reconnaissance survey work conducted to detect freshwater snail presence in selected habitat locations on Newhall Ranch. Memorandum submitted to Matt Carpenter, The Newhall Land and Farming Company, Valencia, California. Available from http: // nrm. dfg. ca. gov / FileHandler. ashx? DocumentID = 11296 (accessed 29 July 2009)." type="book" year="2009">Swift 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; USACE & CDFG 2009).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9D4483E068A0DFF6E6662E8EEF916" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1746]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
The penial ground plan of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16AFCB3E068A0DFDA96663EB84FBB8" box="[515,688,1123,1148]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Pyrgulopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="castaicensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962085A3E068A0DFDA96663EB84FBB8" box="[515,688,1123,1148]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P. castaicensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
– narrow, distally bifurcate, ornamented with a terminal gland along the edge of the lobe – is a common (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF87A9B93E068A0DFD386688EAABFB66" author="Hershler" box="[658,927,1160,1186]" pageId="9" pageNumber="16" refString="Hershler, R. & Sada, D. W. (2002) Biogeography of Great Basin aquatic snails of the genus Pyrgulopsis. In: Hershler, R., Madsen, D. B. & Currey, D. R. (Eds), Great Basin Aquatic Systems History. Smithsonian Contributions to the Earth Sciences, 33, 255 - 276." type="journal article" year="2002">Hershler & Sada 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and apparently iteratively evolved (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF87A9B93E068A0DFAF86688E871FB03" author="Liu" pageId="9" pageNumber="16" refString="Liu, H. - P. & Hershler, R. (2005) Molecular systematics and radiation of western North American nymphophiline gastropods. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 34, 284 - 298." type="journal article" year="2005">Liu & Hershler 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) morphology within the genus that is shared by two congeners that are distributed in fairly close proximity (ca.
|
||
<quantity id="4CEE79AD3E068A0DFE0B66D2EB07FB28" box="[417,563,1234,1260]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.75" metricValueMax="15.0" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="km" value="97.5" valueMax="150.0" valueMin="45.0">45–150 km</quantity>
|
||
) to this new species (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16AFCB3E068A0DFCE666D3ED38FB28" box="[844,1036,1235,1260]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Pyrgulopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="micrococcus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962085A3E068A0DFCE666D3ED38FB28" box="[844,1036,1235,1260]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P. micrococcus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, eastern Transverse Ranges;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16AFCB3E068A0DFA2F66D3E814FAD5" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Pyrgulopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="stearnsiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962085A3E068A0DFA2F66D3E814FAD5" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P. stearnsiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, lower Santa Clara River basin).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16AFCB3E068A0DFD0E66F8EAF7FAD5" box="[676,963,1272,1297]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Pyrgulopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="castaicensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962085A3E068A0DFD0E66F8EAF7FAD5" box="[676,963,1272,1297]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Pyrgulopsis castaicensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16AFCB3E068A0DFB6266F8EC43FAD5" box="[1224,1399,1272,1297]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Pyrgulopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="micrococcus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962085A3E068A0DFB6266F8EC43FAD5" box="[1224,1399,1272,1297]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P. micrococcus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its larger terminal gland (on the penis), simple oviduct coil (lacking a proximal kink or loop), more anteriorly positioned seminal receptacle, and mtCOI sequences (6.1–9.3% divergence) (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF87A9B93E068A0DFB2B6742ECACFA98" author="Hershler" box="[1153,1432,1346,1372]" pageId="9" pageNumber="16" refString="Hershler, R. & Sada, D. (1987) Springsnails (Gastropoda: Hydrobiidae) of Ash Meadows, Amargosa basin, California- Nevada. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 100, 776 - 843." type="journal article" year="1987">Hershler & Sada 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF87A9B93E068A0DFF3D6768E879FA46" author="Hershler" box="[151,333,1384,1410]" pageId="9" pageNumber="16" refString="Hershler, R. (1989) Springsnails (Gastropoda: Hydrobiidae) of Owens and Amargosa River (exclusive of Ash Meadows) drainages, Death Valley system, California-Nevada. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 102, 176 - 248." type="journal article" year="1989">Hershler 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF87A9B93E068A0DFEF06768EB3FFA46" author="Hershler" box="[346,523,1384,1410]" pageId="9" pageNumber="16" refString="Hershler, R. (1994) A review of the North American freshwater snail genus Pyrgulopsis. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 554, 1 - 115." type="journal article" year="1994">Hershler 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for morphological descriptions of the latter).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16AFCB3E068A0DFBE66768EC4BFA45" box="[1100,1407,1384,1409]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Pyrgulopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="castaicensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962085A3E068A0DFBE66768EC4BFA45" box="[1100,1407,1384,1409]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Pyrgulopsis castaicensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is differentiated from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16AFCB3E068A0DFE2B678DEB1EFA62" box="[385,554,1421,1446]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Pyrgulopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="stearnsiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962085A3E068A0DFE2B678DEB1EFA62" box="[385,554,1421,1446]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P. stearnsiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its more convex teleoconch whorls, larger penial lobe, larger terminal gland, simple oviduct coil, shorter pallial section of albumen gland and smaller (relative to bursa copulatrix) seminal receptacle (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF87A9B93E068A0DFE0467D8EB61FA36" author="Hershler" box="[430,597,1496,1522]" pageId="9" pageNumber="16" refString="Hershler, R. (1994) A review of the North American freshwater snail genus Pyrgulopsis. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 554, 1 - 115." type="journal article" year="1994">Hershler 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for description of the latter).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16AFCB3E068A0DFC0467D8EDFAFA35" box="[942,1230,1496,1521]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Pyrgulopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="castaicensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962085A3E068A0DFC0467D8EDFAFA35" box="[942,1230,1496,1521]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Pyrgulopsis castaicensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was most similar in its mtCOI sequences to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16AFCB3E068A0DFE7E67FDEB48F9D2" box="[468,636,1533,1558]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Pyrgulopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="stearnsiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962085A3E068A0DFE7E67FDEB48F9D2" box="[468,636,1533,1558]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P. stearnsiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the San Francisco Bay area (3.50% divergence) among all of the samples included in our study and differed from other specimens of this species by 3.8–8.2%. This level of sequence divergence falls within the range previously documented for>60 other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16AFCB3E068A0DFB666448EC63F9A5" box="[1228,1367,1608,1633]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Pyrgulopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962085A3E068A0DFB666448EC63F9A5" box="[1228,1367,1608,1633]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Pyrgulopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(1.1– 13.1%;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF87A9B93E068A0DFF5C646DE8C9F943" author="Liu" box="[246,509,1645,1671]" pageId="9" pageNumber="16" refString="Liu, H. - P. & Hershler, R. (2005) Molecular systematics and radiation of western North American nymphophiline gastropods. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 34, 284 - 298." type="journal article" year="2005">Liu & Hershler 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16AFCB3E068A0DFDB9646DEA74F942" box="[531,832,1645,1670]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Pyrgulopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="castaicensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962085A3E068A0DFDB9646DEA74F942" box="[531,832,1645,1670]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Pyrgulopsis castaicensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
thus is recognized as a new species because it is morphologically diagnosable and because our sequence data indicate that it is phylogenetically independent and substantially divergent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |