255 lines
29 KiB
XML
255 lines
29 KiB
XML
<document id="ED0639B99A7FA0366C20431A5194C430" ID-CLB-Dataset="88683" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6448815" ID-GBIF-Dataset="bbbf94d9-a910-4cda-97df-7eca124163ed" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6448815" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="admin" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="admin" IM.metadata_approvedBy="admin" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="admin" checkinTime="1635825784914" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="03AD87FAFFA2F64C89B03D45F899F895" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Pteropodidae_16.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Pteropus seychellensis Milne-Edwards 1877" docType="treatment" docVersion="15" lastPageNumber="160" masterDocId="FF94FF82FFC4F62A891E341CFFA5FF9B" masterDocTitle="Pteropodidae" masterLastPageNumber="162" masterPageNumber="16" pageNumber="160" updateTime="1719592658732" updateUser="admin">
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<mods:mods id="961E2BD7DC23A4EAD7B2222A848B6A85" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="D072A7EC61B3ECD8BF38E9A175A564A6">
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<mods:title id="F4D0D2D78A88774FB57402C55C79FCE1">Pteropodidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="13B1DDA30182D9997625FDFACD73427D" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="73C48EC929E3D459C74B56F6E6114203">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="E502A802AFC158D2F19FE49170BBFBC2">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="402E5DB6A020433248ECA8B89973C881" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="685B4EBB9B0C73C557AC91544334F3E4">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="29B23E22CCC918929CCB923B595C742B">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:dateIssued id="D856F129CF87B1C210EEA9764FB45C81">2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="8232DFEEAF8FFBCDC177FFD269EC7C94" type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="5E91428EAEE8CB29A2BE6A46F7902D3C">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place id="A407B0BC1EAA689802944EB4C9376339">
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<mods:placeTerm id="94C365E5425208689AAB13A35C25E855">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:titleInfo id="2C1D5AB0371BB37DBB96CFE3513C0C20">
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<mods:title id="270944BF06554D73B3465E62CE3CAD5B">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="EA4942F7655849BBFE1E861A8514405F">
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<mods:extent id="8390C9B88A1D50AAEFD747280566DA46" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="C4E997C9A79D6CCD27B7A76EAC7ED3B2">16</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="440919F8196F580B51D58A5500654957">162</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="D96EA894025527586D80388882C89BC1">book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="03BEE5410FFD9148D8F32C36B57BF5D0" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.6448815</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="4D7E7188958A981F46CEC449ABD35FE5" type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03AD87FAFFA2F64C89B03D45F899F895" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6795029" ID-GBIF-Taxon="196379374" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6795029" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AD87FAFFA2F64C89B03D45F899F895" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AD87FAFFA2F64C89B03D45F899F895" lastPageNumber="160" pageId="102" pageNumber="160">
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFA2F64C89B03D45FF5BF61C" box="[174,254,2393,2439]" pageId="102" pageNumber="160" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFA2F64C89B03D45FF5BF61C" blockId="102.[171,1270,2393,2478]" box="[174,254,2393,2439]" pageId="102" pageNumber="160">
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<heading id="D0F38180FFA2F64C89B03D45FF5BF61C" box="[174,254,2393,2439]" pageId="102" pageNumber="160">
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<figureCitation id="133F2A69FFA2F64C89B03D45FF5BF61C" box="[174,254,2393,2439]" captionStart="Plate 11: Pteropodidae" captionStartId="97.[117,147,3321,3346]" captionTargetBox="[11,2741,16,3661]" captionTargetPageId="96" captionText="174. Livingstone’s Flying Fox (Pteropus livingstonii), 175. Pemba Flying Fox (Pleropus voeltzkowi), 176. Ryukyu Flying Fox (Pleropus dasymallus), 177. Bonin Flying Fox (Pteropus pselaphon), 178. Little Golden-mantled Flying Fox (Pleropus pumilus), 179. Lyle’s Flying Fox (Pteropus lylei), 180. Indian Flying Fox (Pleropus medius), 181. Rodrigues Flying Fox (Pteropus rodricensus), 182. Large Flying Fox (Pteropus vampyrus), 183. Aldabra Flying Fox (Pleropus aldabrensis), 184. Malagasy Flying Fox (Pteropus rufus), 185. Seychelles Flying Fox (Pleropus seychellensis), 186. Greater Mascarene Flying Fox (Pteropus niger), 187. Aru Flying Fox (Pteropus aruensis), 188. Kai Flying Fox (Pleropus keyensis), 189. Black-bearded Flying Fox (Pleropus melanopogon), 190. South Moluccan Flying Fox (Pteropus chrysoproctus), 191. North Moluccan Flying Fox (Pteropus caniceps)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6448911" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6448911/files/figure.png" pageId="102" pageNumber="160">185.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFA2F64C880E3D45FD6CF61C" box="[272,713,2393,2439]" pageId="102" pageNumber="160" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFA2F64C880E3D45FD6CF61C" blockId="102.[171,1270,2393,2478]" box="[272,713,2393,2439]" pageId="102" pageNumber="160">
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<heading id="D0F38180FFA2F64C880E3D45FD6CF61C" box="[272,713,2393,2439]" pageId="102" pageNumber="160">
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFA2F64C880E3D45FD6CF61C" ID-CoL="4Q33V" authority="Milne-Edwards, 1877" authorityName="Milne-Edwards" authorityYear="1877" box="[272,713,2393,2439]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="102" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="seychellensis">
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<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFA2F64C880E3D45FE47F61C" box="[272,482,2393,2439]" name="Seychelles" pageId="102" pageNumber="160">Seychelles</collectingCountry>
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Flying Fox
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</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFA2F64C8A123D45FB23F61C" box="[780,1158,2393,2439]" pageId="102" pageNumber="160" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFA2F64C8A123D45FB23F61C" blockId="102.[171,1270,2393,2478]" box="[780,1158,2393,2439]" pageId="102" pageNumber="160">
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||
<heading id="D0F38180FFA2F64C8A123D45FB23F61C" box="[780,1158,2393,2439]" pageId="102" pageNumber="160">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFA2F64C8A123D45FB23F61C" ID-CoL="4Q33V" authority="Milne-Edwards, 1877" authorityName="Milne-Edwards" authorityYear="1877" box="[780,1158,2393,2439]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="102" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="seychellensis">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFA2F64C8A123D45FB23F61C" box="[780,1158,2393,2439]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="160">Pteropus seychellensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFA2F64C89B53D85FB53F635" box="[171,1270,2457,2478]" pageId="102" pageNumber="160" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFA2F64C89B53D85FB53F635" blockId="102.[171,1270,2393,2478]" box="[171,1270,2457,2478]" pageId="102" pageNumber="160">
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<heading id="D0F38180FFA2F64C89B53D85FB53F635" box="[171,1270,2457,2478]" pageId="102" pageNumber="160">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFA2F64C89B53D85FF52F635" bold="true" box="[171,247,2457,2478]" pageId="102" pageNumber="160">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFA2F64C881F3D85FDA4F635" ID-CoL="4Q33V" authority="Milne-Edwards, 1877" authorityName="Milne-Edwards" authorityYear="1877" box="[257,513,2457,2478]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" language="fra" order="Chiroptera" pageId="102" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="seychellensis">
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Roussette des
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<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFA2F64C88863D85FDA4F635" box="[408,513,2457,2478]" name="Seychelles" pageId="102" pageNumber="160">Seychelles</collectingCountry>
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</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFA2F64C8B0B3D85FDD5F635" bold="true" box="[533,624,2457,2478]" pageId="102" pageNumber="160">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFA2F64C8B673D85FCE2F635" ID-CoL="4Q33V" authority="Milne-Edwards, 1877" authorityName="Milne-Edwards" authorityYear="1877" box="[633,839,2457,2478]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" language="deu" order="Chiroptera" pageId="102" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="seychellensis">Seychellen-Flughund</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFA2F64C8A433D85FC1DF635" bold="true" box="[861,952,2457,2478]" pageId="102" pageNumber="160">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFA2F64C8ADF3D85FB53F635" ID-CoL="4Q33V" authority="Milne-Edwards, 1877" authorityName="Milne-Edwards" authorityYear="1877" box="[961,1270,2457,2478]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" language="esp" order="Chiroptera" pageId="102" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="seychellensis">
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Zorro volador de las
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<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFA2F64C8D903D85FB53F635" box="[1166,1270,2457,2478]" name="Seychelles" pageId="102" pageNumber="160">Seychelles</collectingCountry>
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</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFA2F64C8A113DC3FC42F5BF" pageId="102" pageNumber="160" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFA2F64C8A113DC3FC42F5BF" blockId="102.[783,1377,2527,2951]" pageId="102" pageNumber="160">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFA2F64C8A113DC3FC0EF667" bold="true" box="[783,939,2527,2556]" pageId="102" pageNumber="160">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFA2F64C8AD23DC3FC47F5BF" ID-CoL="4Q33V" authority="MilneEdwards, 1877" authorityName="MilneEdwards" authorityYear="1877" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="102" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="seychellensis">Pteropus seychellensis Milne-Edwards, 1877</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFA2F64C8AE93E1BFCD2F5D7" pageId="102" pageNumber="160" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFA2F64C8AE93E1BFCD2F5D7" blockId="102.[783,1377,2527,2951]" pageId="102" pageNumber="160">
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<materialsCitation id="3B6C3CB1FFA2F64C8AE93E1BFCD2F5D7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3828391380" pageId="102" pageNumber="160">
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<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFA2F64C8AE93E1BFBE0F5BF" box="[1015,1093,2567,2596]" name="India" pageId="102" pageNumber="160">Mahé</collectingCountry>
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(Island), Seychelle Islands.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFA2F64C8A0E3E4AFA96F501" pageId="102" pageNumber="160" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFA2F64C8A0E3E4AFA96F501" blockId="102.[783,1377,2527,2951]" pageId="102" pageNumber="160">
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFA2F64C8A0E3E4AFBB8F5E8" authorityName="Brisson" authorityYear="1762" box="[784,1053,2646,2675]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="102" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="seychellensis">Pteropus seychellensis</taxonomicName>
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is in the
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFA2F64C8DB83E4AFA87F5E8" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1190,1314,2646,2675]" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Chiroptera" pageId="102" pageNumber="160" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="vampyrus">vampyrus</taxonomicName>
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species group. Two subspecies recognized.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFA2F64C8A0E3EBCFDCBF434" pageId="102" pageNumber="160" type="multiple">
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||
<caption id="DF7B6664FFA2F64C8A0E3EBCFDCBF434" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6448919" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6448919" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6448919/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="160" targetBox="[169,760,2537,2950]" targetPageId="102">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFA2F64C8A0E3EBCFB04F55A" blockId="102.[783,1377,2527,2951]" box="[784,1185,2720,2753]" pageId="102" pageNumber="160">
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||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFA2F64C8A0E3EBCFB04F55A" bold="true" box="[784,1185,2720,2753]" pageId="102" pageNumber="160">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFA2F64C8A0E3ED4FB08F4A3" blockId="102.[783,1377,2527,2951]" pageId="102" pageNumber="160">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFA2F64C8A0E3ED4FB08F4A3" authority="Milne-Edwards, 1877" authorityName="Milne-Edwards" authorityYear="1877" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="102" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="seychellensis" subSpecies="seychellensis">P.s.seychellensisMilne-Edwards,1877—EgraniticSeychelles,includingMahé,P.r.lin,LaDigue,andSilhouette.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFA2F64C8A0E3F5EFDCBF434" blockId="102.[783,1377,2527,2951]" lastBlockId="102.[170,1378,2958,3464]" pageId="102" pageNumber="160">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFA2F64C8A0E3F5EFB21F4C4" authority="Nicoll, 1908" authorityName="Nicoll" authorityYear="1908" box="[784,1156,2882,2911]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="102" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="seychellensis" subSpecies="comorensis">P.s. comorensis Nicoll, 1908</taxonomicName>
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— Mafia I (
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<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFA2F64C8C3C3F5EFCFFF41C" name="Tanzania" pageId="102" pageNumber="160">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
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) and Comoro Is (Grande Comore, Anjouan, Mohéli, and
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<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFA2F64C88F53F92FDC7F434" box="[491,610,2958,2991]" name="Mayotte" pageId="102" pageNumber="160">Mayotte</collectingCountry>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFA2F64C89B43FA5F99DFE33" pageId="102" pageNumber="160" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFA2F64C89B43FA5F99DFE33" blockId="102.[170,1378,2958,3464]" lastBlockId="102.[1444,2658,273,1807]" pageId="102" pageNumber="160">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFA2F64C89B43FA5FE0CF44D" bold="true" box="[170,425,3001,3030]" pageId="102" pageNumber="160">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body
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<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFA2F64C8B753FA5FD44F44D" box="[619,737,3001,3030]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.35" pageId="102" pageNumber="160" unit="mm" value="235.0">235 mm</quantity>
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(tailless), ear
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<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFA2F64C8AA73FA5FB85F44D" box="[953,1056,3001,3030]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="102" pageNumber="160" unit="mm" value="35.0">35 mm</quantity>
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, hindfoot
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<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFA2F64C8DDE3FA5FAFFF44D" box="[1216,1370,3001,3030]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.35" metricValueMax="4.9" metricValueMin="3.8" pageId="102" pageNumber="160" unit="mm" value="43.5" valueMax="49.0" valueMin="38.0">38-49 mm</quantity>
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||
, forearm
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<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFA2F64C88303FFCFE41F466" box="[302,484,3040,3069]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.525" metricValueMax="1.58" metricValueMin="1.47" pageId="102" pageNumber="160" unit="mm" value="152.5" valueMax="158.0" valueMin="147.0">147-158 mm</quantity>
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||
(males) and
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||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFA2F64C8BAD3FFCFCCCF466" box="[691,873,3040,3069]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.525" metricValueMax="1.54" metricValueMin="1.51" pageId="102" pageNumber="160" unit="mm" value="152.5" valueMax="154.0" valueMin="151.0">151-154 mm</quantity>
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||
(females); weight
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFA2F64C8D9E3FFCFAB1F466" box="[1152,1300,3040,3069]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="3.8" metricValueMax="3.9" metricValueMin="3.7" pageId="102" pageNumber="160" unit="g" value="380.0" valueMax="390.0" valueMin="370.0">370-390 g</quantity>
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||
. The
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||
<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFA2F64C89B23818FE9CF3BE" box="[172,313,3076,3109]" name="Seychelles" pageId="102" pageNumber="160">Seychelles</collectingCountry>
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Flying Fox is large and brown. Head is fox-like; muzzle is long and tapering; anterior one-half of face is dark brown, clearly contrasting with yellow posterior one-half; and ears are pointed, naked, and dark brown, without conspicuous basal ear patches. Males and females are similar in color; back is blackish brown (exceptionally with scattered pale gray hairs), with striking yellow, pale gold, or brownish yellow mantle; crown is golden yellow or brownish yellow; collar is longer and particularly coarser in males, with golden yellow or rusty yellow pelage adjoined to mantle; pelage is dense and mid-dorsally
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFA2F64C8B0B390BFDD7F2A3" box="[533,626,3351,3384]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="102" pageNumber="160" unit="mm" value="14.0">14 mm</quantity>
|
||
long. Ventrally, chin and throat are dark brown, turning into bright orange, rusty yellow, or bright rusty brown on chest and dark brown with pale yellow wash abdominally and on flanks; and hairs in latter area are bicolored, with dark brown bases and yellow tips. Wings are blackish dark brown and attach to second toe; uropatagium is relatively well developed. Index claw is present. Skull is typical pteropine, long and robust; rostrum is of medium length. Dentition is typical pteropine.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFA2F64C8CB835B2F9EEFD84" pageId="102" pageNumber="160" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFA2F64C8CB835B2F9EEFD84" blockId="102.[1444,2658,273,1807]" pageId="102" pageNumber="160">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFA2F64C8CB835B2F9B0FE54" bold="true" box="[1446,1557,430,463]" pageId="102" pageNumber="160">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Primary and secondary tropical moist forests from sea level up to elevations of c.
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFA2F64C8CA435CAF980FE6C" box="[1466,1573,470,503]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="102" pageNumber="160" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</quantity>
|
||
on Grande Comore, ¢.
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFA2F64C8E7335CAF86DFE6C" box="[1901,1992,470,503]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.6" pageId="102" pageNumber="160" unit="m" value="760.0">760 m</quantity>
|
||
on Anjouan, ¢.
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFA2F64C81BF35CAF759FE6C" box="[2209,2300,470,503]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="102" pageNumber="160" unit="m" value="500.0">500 m</quantity>
|
||
on Mohéli, and ¢.
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFA2F64C831E35CAF5FEFE6C" box="[2560,2651,470,503]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="102" pageNumber="160" unit="m" value="250.0">250 m</quantity>
|
||
on
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFA2F64C8CCB361EF9E2FD84" box="[1493,1607,514,543]" name="Mayotte" pageId="102" pageNumber="160">Mayotte</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFA2F64C8CB93639F58CFD78" pageId="102" pageNumber="160" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFA2F64C8CB93639F58CFD78" blockId="102.[1444,2658,273,1807]" pageId="102" pageNumber="160">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFA2F64C8CB93639F90AFDDD" bold="true" box="[1447,1711,549,582]" pageId="102" pageNumber="160">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
The
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFA2F64C8FE13639F829FDDD" box="[1791,1932,549,582]" name="Seychelles" pageId="102" pageNumber="160">Seychelles</collectingCountry>
|
||
Flying Fox feeds on soft fruits, pollen, nectar, and leaves of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFA2F64C8F39364DF804FDF5" box="[1575,1953,593,622]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Mangifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="102" pageNumber="160" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Mangifera (Anacardiaceae)</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFA2F64C8EAA364DF761FDF5" box="[1972,2244,593,622]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caricaceae" genus="Carica" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="102" pageNumber="160" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Carica (Caricaceae)</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFA2F64C81C7364DF5F0FDF5" box="[2265,2645,593,622]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Combretaceae" genus="Terminalia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="102" pageNumber="160" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Terminalia (Combretaceae)</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFA2F64C8CB43664F903FD0E" box="[1450,1702,632,661]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Vitex" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="102" pageNumber="160" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Vitex (Lamiaceae)</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFA2F64C8FA43664F8E2FD0E" box="[1722,1863,632,661]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Adansonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="102" pageNumber="160" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Adansonia</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFA2F64C8E893664F730FD0E" box="[1943,2197,632,661]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Ceiba" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="102" pageNumber="160" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Ceiba (Malvaceae)</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFA2F64C81B93664F63BFD0E" box="[2215,2462,632,661]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Ficus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="102" pageNumber="160" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Ficus (Moraceae)</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFA2F64C80AF3664F5BEFD0E" box="[2481,2587,632,661]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Eugenia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="102" pageNumber="160" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Eugenia</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFA2F64C8CB63687F971FD27" box="[1448,1748,667,700]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Syzygium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="102" pageNumber="160" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Syzygium (Myrtaceae)</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFA2F64C8FF63687F846FD27" box="[1768,2019,667,700]" class="Liliopsida" family="Musaceae" genus="Musa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="102" pageNumber="160" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Musa (Musaceae)</taxonomicName>
|
||
; and cultivated fruits and nectar from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFA2F64C83043687F5F8FD27" box="[2586,2653,667,700]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Ceiba" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="102" pageNumber="160" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Ceiba</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFA2F64C8CFB36DEF8ADFD78" box="[1509,1800,706,739]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Erythrina" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="102" pageNumber="160" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Erythrina (Fabaceae)</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It is an important disperser of rare endemic forest trees.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFA2F64C8CB836F6F670FCC1" pageId="102" pageNumber="160" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFA2F64C8CB836F6F670FCC1" blockId="102.[1444,2658,273,1807]" pageId="102" pageNumber="160">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFA2F64C8CB836F6F988FC90" bold="true" box="[1446,1581,746,779]" pageId="102" pageNumber="160">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Littersize of the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFA2F64C8E0136F6F809FC90" box="[1823,1964,746,779]" name="Seychelles" pageId="102" pageNumber="160">Seychelles</collectingCountry>
|
||
Flying Fox is one. On
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFA2F64C81FA36F6F666FC90" box="[2276,2499,746,779]" name="Comoros" pageId="102" pageNumber="160">Comoro Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
, reproduction is seasonally monoestrous, with mating in April-June when wet season changes to dry season. Young clinging on their mothers have been recorded in January.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFA2F64C8CBB377CF8A4FB7F" pageId="102" pageNumber="160" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFA2F64C8CBB377CF8A4FB7F" blockId="102.[1444,2658,273,1807]" pageId="102" pageNumber="160">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFA2F64C8CBB377CF937FC1A" bold="true" box="[1445,1682,864,897]" pageId="102" pageNumber="160">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
The
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFA2F64C8FFC377CF8CAFC1A" box="[1762,1903,864,897]" name="Seychelles" pageId="102" pageNumber="160">Seychelles</collectingCountry>
|
||
Flying Fox is partially diurnal, crepuscular, and nocturnal. During the day,it roosts in shaded trees such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFA2F64C81A23790F6A5FC32" box="[2236,2304,908,937]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Ceiba" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="102" pageNumber="160" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Ceiba</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFA2F64C800A3790F5F3FC32" box="[2324,2646,908,937]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Tamarindus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="102" pageNumber="160" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Tamarindus (Fabaceae)</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFA2F64C8CF637B3F8FBFC4B" box="[1512,1886,943,976]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Casuarinaceae" genus="Casuarina" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="102" pageNumber="160" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Casuarina (Casuarinaceae)</taxonomicName>
|
||
, where they hang freely from branches. They are often noisy and quarrel with neighbors, engaging themselves in play-fighting, tussles, and play-chasing. Early in the afternoon, they leave roosts, probably taking advantage of updraft winds that enable them to travel further by gliding rather than flapping. Earliest departures begin at noon, but most of individuals leave roosts at 14:00-17:30 h. In late afternoon, they mightfly short distances over the sea and dip their lower body in the seawater, possibly to retrieve salt from the water or remove parasites. They return to roosts around sunrise.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFA2F64C8CB930F6F6DBFA32" pageId="102" pageNumber="160" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFA2F64C8CB930F6F6DBFA32" blockId="102.[1444,2658,273,1807]" pageId="102" pageNumber="160">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFA2F64C8CB930F6F7D8FA90" bold="true" box="[1447,2173,1258,1291]" pageId="102" pageNumber="160">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFA2F64C819030F6F6BEFA90" box="[2190,2331,1258,1291]" name="Seychelles" pageId="102" pageNumber="160">Seychelles</collectingCountry>
|
||
Flying Foxes roost in colonies of 20-2000 individuals in a variety of social groups: pairs of adults, harems containing one male and several females, maternity associations of females and young, and bachelor groups. Communication can be vocal, visual, olfactory, and physical. During the night, they commute up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFA2F64C8ED13194F7B6FA32" box="[1999,2067,1416,1449]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="102" pageNumber="160" unit="km" value="5.0">5 km</quantity>
|
||
or more to feeding areas.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFA2F64C8CB931A8F9AAF90D" pageId="102" pageNumber="160" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFA2F64C8CB931A8F9AAF90D" blockId="102.[1444,2658,273,1807]" pageId="102" pageNumber="160">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFA2F64C8CB931A8F8A7FA4A" bold="true" box="[1447,1794,1460,1489]" pageId="102" pageNumber="160">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
CITES Appendix II. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFA2F64C8F7531CBF95DFA63" box="[1643,1784,1495,1528]" name="Seychelles" pageId="102" pageNumber="160">Seychelles</collectingCountry>
|
||
Flying Fox is hunted for food and as a pest of crop fruit on a limited scale on some islands. Collisions with powerlines constitute an increasing threat. It occurs in protected areas such as Morne Seychellois National Park on
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFA2F64C8310323AFA5AF9F5" name="Mahe Island" pageId="102" pageNumber="160">Mahé Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Population on Mafia Island might be threatened, particularly if it is a separate species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFA2F64C8CB632B9F899F895" pageId="102" pageNumber="160" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFA2F64C8CB632B9F899F895" blockId="102.[1444,2658,273,1807]" pageId="102" pageNumber="160">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFA2F64C8CB632B9F9E4F925" bold="true" box="[1448,1601,1701,1726]" pageId="102" pageNumber="160">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Almeida et al. (2014), Bergmans (1991), Bergmans, Gerlach et al. (2017), Cheke & Dahl (1981), Gerlach (2003), Goodman, Weyeneth et al. (2010), Happold, M. (
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFA2F64C817A32D2F708F97C" box="[2148,2221,1742,1767]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.013" pageId="102" pageNumber="160" unit="m" value="2013.0">2013m</quantity>
|
||
), Hill (1971a), Mickleburgh et al. (1992), O'Brien etal. (2009), Riccucci (2016).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |