189 lines
20 KiB
XML
189 lines
20 KiB
XML
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<mods:titleInfo id="FE73ACE130551EB29E7EEC602E1BC76B">
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<mods:title id="F4D72958CC3003E7C877DDFDF552CBD4">Pteropodidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3B23F75E284D05E8DE754FBD182C0660">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8396754A3BC4833F63004434DF2114B0">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:dateIssued id="FDC59D44B45E6705C001F30FF45012A7">2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="493DD490A86B786C73485571729584C2" type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="17030D90972E50AC1168856249A6D6C9">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:title id="C42C3B88E8C188FB2C0E8B9686B5859D">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03AD87FAFF88F6668CB235B8F593F81D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6449034" ID-GBIF-Taxon="196379458" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6449034" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AD87FAFF88F6668CB235B8F593F81D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AD87FAFF88F6668CB235B8F593F81D" lastPageNumber="134" pageId="76" pageNumber="134">
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF88F6668CB235B8FA59FE49" box="[1452,1532,420,466]" pageId="76" pageNumber="134" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF88F6668CB235B8FA59FE49" blockId="76.[1448,2370,420,546]" box="[1452,1532,420,466]" pageId="76" pageNumber="134">
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<heading id="D0F38180FF88F6668CB235B8FA59FE49" box="[1452,1532,420,466]" pageId="76" pageNumber="134">
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<figureCitation id="133F2A69FF88F6668CB235B8FA59FE49" box="[1452,1532,420,466]" captionStart="Plate 8: Pteropodidae" captionStartId="75.[98,128,3361,3386]" captionTargetBox="[12,2745,16,3662]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="127. Wallace's Stripe-faced Fruit Bat (Styloctenium wallacei), 128. Mindoro Stripe-faced Fruit Bat (Styloctenium mindorensis), 129. Small-toothed Fruit Bat (Neopteryx frosti), 130. Sulawesi Flying Fox (Acerodon celebensis), 131. Talaud Flying Fox (Acerodon humilis), 132. Golden-capped Flying Fox (Acerodon jubatus), 133. Palawan Flying Fox (Acerodon leucotis), 134. Sunda Flying Fox (Acerodon macklotii), 135. Moluccan Masked Flying Fox (Pleropus personatus), 136. Lombok Flying Fox (Pteropus lombocensus), 137. Little Red Flying Fox (Pteropus scapulatus), 138. Big-eared Flying Fox (Pteropus macrotis), 139. Gilliard’s Flying Fox (Pteropus gilliardorum), 140. Sanborn’s Flying Fox (Pleropus mahaganus), 141. Dwarf Flying Fox (Pteropus woodfordi), 142. Pohnpei Flying Fox (Pteropus molossinus), 143. Chuuk Flying Fox (Pteropus pelagicus)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6448883" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6448883/files/figure.png" pageId="76" pageNumber="134">131.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF88F6668F1335B8F824FE49" box="[1549,1921,420,466]" pageId="76" pageNumber="134" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF88F6668F1335B8F824FE49" blockId="76.[1448,2370,420,546]" box="[1549,1921,420,466]" pageId="76" pageNumber="134">
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<heading id="D0F38180FF88F6668F1335B8F824FE49" box="[1549,1921,420,466]" pageId="76" pageNumber="134">
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FF88F6668F1335B8F824FE49" ID-CoL="94ZH" authorityName="K. Andersen" authorityYear="1909" box="[1549,1921,420,466]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Acerodon" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="134" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="humilis">Talaud Flying Fox</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF88F6668ED835B8F75FFE49" box="[1990,2298,420,466]" pageId="76" pageNumber="134" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF88F6668ED835B8F75FFE49" blockId="76.[1448,2370,420,546]" box="[1990,2298,420,466]" pageId="76" pageNumber="134">
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||
<heading id="D0F38180FF88F6668ED835B8F75FFE49" box="[1990,2298,420,466]" pageId="76" pageNumber="134">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFF88F6668ED835B8F75FFE49" ID-CoL="94ZH" authorityName="K. Andersen" authorityYear="1909" box="[1990,2298,420,466]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Acerodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="134" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="humilis">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF88F6668ED835B8F75FFE49" box="[1990,2298,420,466]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="134">Acerodon humilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF88F6668CB435F8F855FDBA" pageId="76" pageNumber="134" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF88F6668CB435F8F6E4FE62" blockId="76.[1448,2370,420,546]" box="[1450,2369,484,505]" pageId="76" pageNumber="134">
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<heading id="D0F38180FF88F6668CB435F8F6E4FE62" box="[1450,2369,484,505]" pageId="76" pageNumber="134">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF88F6668CB435F8FA50FE62" bold="true" box="[1450,1525,484,505]" pageId="76" pageNumber="134">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FF88F6668CE235F8F96FFE62" ID-CoL="94ZH" authorityName="K. Andersen" authorityYear="1909" box="[1532,1738,484,505]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Acerodon" kingdom="Animalia" language="fra" order="Chiroptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="134" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="humilis">Acérodon des Talaud</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF88F6668FFE35F8F89EFE62" bold="true" box="[1760,1851,484,505]" pageId="76" pageNumber="134">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FF88F6668E5E35F8F847FE62" ID-CoL="94ZH" authorityName="K. Andersen" authorityYear="1909" box="[1856,2018,484,505]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Acerodon" kingdom="Animalia" language="deu" order="Chiroptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="134" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="humilis">Talaud-Flughund</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF88F6668EE935F8F7F6FE62" bold="true" box="[2039,2131,484,505]" pageId="76" pageNumber="134">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FF88F666814535F8F6E4FE62" ID-CoL="94ZH" authorityName="K. Andersen" authorityYear="1909" box="[2139,2369,484,505]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Acerodon" kingdom="Animalia" language="esp" order="Chiroptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="134" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="humilis">Zorro volador de Talaud</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF88F6668CB73610F855FDBA" blockId="76.[1448,2370,420,546]" box="[1449,2032,524,545]" pageId="76" pageNumber="134">
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<heading id="D0F38180FF88F6668CB73610F855FDBA" box="[1449,2032,524,545]" pageId="76" pageNumber="134">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF88F6668CB73610F905FDBA" bold="true" box="[1449,1696,524,545]" pageId="76" pageNumber="134">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FF88F6668FB83610F8E8FDBA" ID-CoL="94ZH" authorityName="K. Andersen" authorityYear="1909" box="[1702,1869,524,545]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Acerodon" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="134" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="humilis">Talaud Acerodon</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FF88F6668E493610F855FDBA" ID-CoL="94ZH" authorityName="K. Andersen" authorityYear="1909" box="[1879,2032,524,545]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Acerodon" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="134" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="humilis">Talaud Fruit Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF88F66681133649F7F2FD0D" pageId="76" pageNumber="134" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF88F66681133649F7F2FD0D" blockId="76.[2061,2655,597,1017]" pageId="76" pageNumber="134">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF88F66681133649F70CFDF5" bold="true" box="[2061,2217,597,622]" pageId="76" pageNumber="134">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFF88F66681A63649F7F6FD0D" ID-CoL="94ZH" authority="K. Andersen, 1909" authorityName="K. Andersen" authorityYear="1909" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Acerodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="134" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="humilis">Acerodon humilis K. Andersen, 1909</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF88F666817D3661F5FEFD0D" box="[2147,2651,637,662]" pageId="76" pageNumber="134" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF88F666817D3661F5FEFD0D" blockId="76.[2061,2655,597,1017]" box="[2147,2651,637,662]" pageId="76" pageNumber="134">
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<materialsCitation id="3B6C3CB1FF88F666817D3661F5FEFD0D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3828391315" box="[2147,2651,637,662]" pageId="76" pageNumber="134">
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“Lirong, Talaud Islands,”
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<collectingCountry id="F313767CFF88F66680D73661F5F3FD0D" box="[2505,2646,637,662]" name="Indonesia" pageId="76" pageNumber="134">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF88F66681103680F6DDFD26" box="[2062,2424,668,701]" pageId="76" pageNumber="134" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF88F66681103680F6DDFD26" blockId="76.[2061,2655,597,1017]" box="[2062,2424,668,701]" pageId="76" pageNumber="134">This species is monotypic.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF88F666811036DFF67DFC97" pageId="76" pageNumber="134" type="multiple">
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<caption id="DF7B6664FF88F666811036DFF67DFC97" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6803842" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6803842" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6803842/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="134" startId="76.[2062,2235,707,740]" targetBox="[1447,2038,602,1015]" targetPageId="76">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF88F666811036DFF67DFC97" blockId="76.[2061,2655,597,1017]" pageId="76" pageNumber="134">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF88F666811036DFF71BFD7F" bold="true" box="[2062,2238,707,740]" pageId="76" pageNumber="134">Distribution.</emphasis>
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Only known from Salebabu and Karakelong in the Talaud Is.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF88F66681103706F882FA36" pageId="76" pageNumber="134" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF88F66681103706F882FA36" blockId="76.[2061,2655,597,1017]" lastBlockId="76.[1449,2661,1024,1926]" pageId="76" pageNumber="134">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF88F66681103706F6B6FCA8" bold="true" box="[2062,2323,794,819]" pageId="76" pageNumber="134">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Tailless, ear
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<quantity id="4CFC9B09FF88F66680F43706F5FDFCA8" box="[2538,2648,794,819]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="76" pageNumber="134" unit="mm" value="24.0">24 mm</quantity>
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, hindfoot
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<quantity id="4CFC9B09FF88F666818B375CF75FFCC6" box="[2197,2298,832,861]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6" pageId="76" pageNumber="134" unit="mm" value="46.0">46 mm</quantity>
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, forearm
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<quantity id="4CFC9B09FF88F6668095375CF65BFCC6" box="[2443,2558,832,861]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="76" pageNumber="134" unit="mm" value="140.0">140 mm</quantity>
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||
, greatest length of skull
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||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FF88F6668034377EF636FC18" box="[2346,2451,866,899]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.3" pageId="76" pageNumber="134" unit="mm" value="63.0">63 mm</quantity>
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, tibia
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||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FF88F66680E9377EF5FBFC18" box="[2551,2654,866,899]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.7" pageId="76" pageNumber="134" unit="mm" value="57.0">57 mm</quantity>
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(holotype). Ears of the Talaud Flying Fox have rounded tips and are shorter than muzzle. Dentition, ears, and color of head and body are similar to the Golden-capped Flying Fox (A.
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFF88F66681C6301CF6E4FBBA" baseAuthorityName="Eschscholtz" baseAuthorityYear="1831" box="[2264,2369,1024,1057]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Acerodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="134" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jubatus">jubatus</taxonomicName>
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), but the Talaud Flying Fox is smaller and has no buffy nuchal patch. Throat is blackish seal-brown, with some silvery hairs mixed in. K. Andersen in 1912 noted that external features resemble co-occurring Sulawesian subspecies of the Island Flying Fox (
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFF88F666805B306BF5C4FB03" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1853" box="[2373,2657,1143,1176]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="134" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hypomelanus">Pteropus hypomelanus</taxonomicName>
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macassaricus) and ears are similar in shape to the Island Flying Fox instead of long, subacutely pointed ears of other species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFF88F666810C30D9F72DFB7D" box="[2066,2184,1221,1254]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Acerodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="134" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Acerodon</taxonomicName>
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. T. F. Flannery in 1995 suggested that the holotype had a mismatched skull, although this remains unclear and more research is needed. Russet color of mantle, sides of neck, and fore neck does not extend to crown, chest, or body. Uropatagium is reduced; calcar is small. Skull is typical pteropine, similar to that of the
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<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFF88F6668EAE317FF781FA1F" box="[1968,2084,1379,1412]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="76" pageNumber="134">Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
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Flying Fox (A.
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFF88F6668017317FF6D9FA1F" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[2313,2428,1379,1412]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Acerodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="134" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="celebensis">celebensis</taxonomicName>
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) but with lower rostrum and smaller orbits.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF88F6668CB531AEF882FA67" pageId="76" pageNumber="134" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF88F6668CB531AEF882FA67" blockId="76.[1449,2661,1024,1926]" pageId="76" pageNumber="134">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF88F6668CB531AEF9BFFA48" bold="true" box="[1451,1562,1458,1491]" pageId="76" pageNumber="134">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Suspected to be forest-dependent. The Talaud Islands consist of subtropical and tropical swamp forests.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF88F6668CB5321DF6D7F9B9" box="[1451,2418,1537,1570]" pageId="76" pageNumber="134" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF88F6668CB5321DF6D7F9B9" blockId="76.[1449,2661,1024,1926]" box="[1451,2418,1537,1570]" pageId="76" pageNumber="134">
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||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF88F6668CB5321DF915F9B9" bold="true" box="[1451,1712,1537,1570]" pageId="76" pageNumber="134">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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The Talaud Flying Fox is presumably frugivorous.
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</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF88F6668CB53232F884F9D0" box="[1451,1825,1582,1611]" pageId="76" pageNumber="134" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF88F6668CB53232F884F9D0" blockId="76.[1449,2661,1024,1926]" box="[1451,1825,1582,1611]" pageId="76" pageNumber="134">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF88F6668CB53232F994F9D0" bold="true" box="[1451,1585,1582,1611]" pageId="76" pageNumber="134">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
No information.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF88F6668CB7324DF723F9E9" box="[1449,2182,1617,1650]" pageId="76" pageNumber="134" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF88F6668CB7324DF723F9E9" blockId="76.[1449,2661,1024,1926]" box="[1449,2182,1617,1650]" pageId="76" pageNumber="134">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF88F6668CB7324DF930F9E9" bold="true" box="[1449,1685,1617,1650]" pageId="76" pageNumber="134">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
Talaud Flying Foxes are nocturnal.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF88F6668CB53264F6FDF902" box="[1451,2392,1656,1689]" pageId="76" pageNumber="134" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF88F6668CB53264F6FDF902" blockId="76.[1449,2661,1024,1926]" box="[1451,2392,1656,1689]" pageId="76" pageNumber="134">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF88F6668CB53264F7CDF902" bold="true" box="[1451,2152,1656,1689]" pageId="76" pageNumber="134">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
No information.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF88F6668CB53283F984F8FB" pageId="76" pageNumber="134" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF88F6668CB53283F984F8FB" blockId="76.[1449,2661,1024,1926]" pageId="76" pageNumber="134">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF88F6668CB53283F8ABF95B" bold="true" box="[1451,1806,1695,1728]" pageId="76" pageNumber="134">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
CITES Appendix II. Classified as Endangered on The IUCN Red List. The Talaud Flying Fox has a very restricted distribution and is known only from two islands, Salebabu and Karakelong. Forest habitat is severely fragmented due to logging. Its extent of occurrence is only ¢.
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FF88F666816D330AF753F8AC" box="[2163,2294,1814,1847]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="76" pageNumber="134" unit="km" value="1500.0">1500 km</quantity>
|
||
? and it has no legal protections.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF88F6668CB23371F593F81D" box="[1452,2614,1901,1926]" pageId="76" pageNumber="134" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF88F6668CB23371F593F81D" blockId="76.[1449,2661,1024,1926]" box="[1452,2614,1901,1926]" pageId="76" pageNumber="134">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF88F6668CB23371F9E3F81D" bold="true" box="[1452,1606,1901,1926]" pageId="76" pageNumber="134">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Andersen (1912b), Corbet & Hill (1992), Flannery (1995a), Mildenstein (2016e), Riley (2002).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |