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<document id="326313B03EEDE737C904890246C78EFA" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.351.4.1" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13707314" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1725589544427" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Paillès, Christine, Sylvestre, Florence, Escobar, Jaime, Tonetto, Alain, Rustig, Sybille &amp; Mazur, Jean-Charles" docDate="2018" docId="03AD8780087B511666BF32072E0DF707" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.351.4.1.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 351 (4)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.351.4.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.13:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="13" docTitle="Cyclotella cassandrae Pailles &amp; Sylvestre 2018, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="256" masterDocId="FF94FFF8087D511F663733552F46F528" masterDocTitle="Cyclotella petenensis and Cyclotella cassandrae, two new fossil diatoms from Pleistocene sediments of Lake Petén-Itzá, Guatemala, Central America" masterLastPageNumber="263" masterPageNumber="247" pageNumber="253" updateTime="1725601122076" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="698CB49839ED20F75FF54240FDAD2D26">Cyclotella petenensis and Cyclotella cassandrae, two new fossil diatoms from Pleistocene sediments of Lake Petén-Itzá, Guatemala, Central America</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="5D8F545ECF9CF54753E8FB317919FDCE">Paillès, Christine</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3F45DB53E847AF2662DF33EA2AAEE197">Sylvestre, Florence</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8E99A55C207925904DCE6492EC864819">Tonetto, Alain</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="D5097063468111412DFD2F5CEA82DC8D">Aix-Marseille Université, Fédération de Chimie, PRATIM, 3 Place Victor Hugo, 13331 Marseille Cedex 3, France</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="7D71DDAFA654A2936164F8AA48D44CC3">Rustig, Sybille</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="9C721CF7F47E8B71C6AB83E32EAA9146">Institute of Chemistry, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24 - 25, D- 14476 Potsdam, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="79F2403310AC48E69FD55D10FC625F1C">Mazur, Jean-Charles</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="14BC6A4374E1B0A306D850154D2BB705">Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, Collège de France, INRA - CEREGE UM 34, 13545 Aix en Provence, France</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="7256F7FCA18C1043086C93CFA45A347C">2018</mods:date>
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D15087B511966BF32072D27F445" authority="Pailles &amp; Sylvestre" authorityName="Pailles &amp; Sylvestre" authorityYear="2018" box="[136,609,338,365]" class="Coscinodiscophyceae" family="Stephanodiscaceae" genus="Cyclotella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Thalassiosirales" pageId="6" pageNumber="253" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="cassandrae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B970EA84087B511966BF32072EC5F445" bold="true" box="[136,387,338,365]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="253">Cyclotella cassandrae</emphasis>
Paillès &amp; Sylvestre
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24357FF087B5119645F32012DFBF445" box="[616,701,340,365]" pageId="6" pageNumber="253" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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(
<figureCitation id="133F2A13087B511964FC32012C0DF445" box="[715,843,340,365]" captionStart="FIGURES 2327" captionStartId="6.[136,243,1771,1792]" captionTargetBox="[203,1386,574,1742]" captionTargetId="figure-163@6.[185,1403,566,1742]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 2327. Type material of fossil lacustrine diatom Cyclotella cassandrae from lake Peten Itza, LM. (2324) Valve view at two different focus showing the elliptic shape of the valve, the slightly tangentially undulated central area with scattered puncta, short striae along the major axis, longer and apart striae along the minor axis and at some distance of the valve margin the external opening of MFP (black arrowheads). (25). Valve view with dichotomous striae along the minor axis. (2627). Size variation of C. cassandrae: large specimen with dichotomous striae and a central area occupied by a scattered ring of puncta, some specimen are more rounded but still elliptic. Scale = 10μm.Abbreviation: central fultoportulae (CFP), marginal fultoportulae (MFP), rimoportula (RM)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13707328" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13707328/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="253">Figs 2327</figureCitation>
)
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="8BBB3696087B511966BF32CB2A56F4FF" blockId="6.[136,1452,414,543]" pageId="6" pageNumber="253">
<emphasis id="B970EA84087B511966BF32CB2FFCF49B" bold="true" box="[136,186,414,435]" pageId="6" pageNumber="253">Type</emphasis>
: Lake Petén-Itzá, Department of
<collectingRegion id="49C0F874087B5119643532CB2D7CF49B" box="[514,570,414,435]" country="Guatemala" name="Peten" pageId="6" pageNumber="253">Petén</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3137606087B5119647232CB2DF6F49B" box="[581,688,414,435]" name="Guatemala" pageId="6" pageNumber="253">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
, Latitude
<geoCoordinate id="EE305051087B5119652532CB2CD5F49B" box="[786,915,414,435]" degrees="16" direction="north" minutes="15" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="253" precision="15" seconds="50" value="16.26389">16° 15 50 N</geoCoordinate>
, Longitude
<geoCoordinate id="EE305051087B5119623E32CB2BC8F49B" box="[1033,1166,414,435]" degrees="89" direction="west" minutes="15" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="253" precision="15" seconds="00" value="-89.25">89° 15 00 W</geoCoordinate>
. Lacustrine sediment in Core
<collectionCode id="ED15AE53087B5119668A32972F92F4FF" box="[189,212,450,471]" country="Russia" name="Paleontological Institute" pageId="6" pageNumber="253">PI</collectionCode>
6, sample
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9-
<collectionCode id="ED15AE53087B511967AE32972E81F4FF" box="[409,455,450,471]" country="China" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13734" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13734" name="National University of Peking Teachers' College" pageId="6" pageNumber="253" type="Herbarium">PET</collectionCode>
06-6A-13H2-98.3-
<quantity id="4CFC9B73087B5119644132972D82F4FF" box="[630,708,450,471]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.93" pageId="6" pageNumber="253" unit="cm" value="99.3">99.3 cm</quantity>
(
<quantity id="4CFC9B73087B511964E632972C67F4FF" box="[721,801,450,471]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.935" pageId="6" pageNumber="253" unit="m" value="39.35">39.35 m</quantity>
below lake floor), core collected in
<date id="FFBA1056087B5119624A32972A4AF4FF" box="[1149,1292,450,471]" pageId="6" pageNumber="253" value="2006-02">February 2006</date>
.
</paragraph>
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<materialsCitation id="3B6C3CCB087B511966BF32B32ADBF4D3" box="[136,1437,486,507]" collectionCode="MNHN" country="France" county="Paris" location="Laboratoire de Cryptogamie" municipality="Museum National Histoire Naturelle" pageId="6" pageNumber="253" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="54BF8834087B511966BF32B32FA6F4D3" box="[136,224,486,507]" pageId="6" pageNumber="253" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
:
<emphasis id="B970EA84087B511966DA32B32ED3F4D3" bold="true" box="[237,405,486,507]" pageId="6" pageNumber="253">slide PC0612194</emphasis>
deposited at the
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,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BDFACEC087B5119656332B32BF5F4D3" box="[852,1203,486,507]" pageId="6" pageNumber="253">Museum National Histoire Naturelle</collectingMunicipality>
(
<collectionCode id="ED15AE53087B511962F732B32A4AF4D3" box="[1216,1292,486,507]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="6" pageNumber="253">MNHN</collectionCode>
)
<collectingCounty id="62DA4E1A087B5119632E32B32A0DF4D3" box="[1305,1355,486,507]" pageId="6" pageNumber="253">Paris</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3137606087B5119636232B32ADFF4D3" box="[1365,1433,486,507]" name="France" pageId="6" pageNumber="253">France</collectingCountry>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBB3696087B511866BF315F2FC9F36E" blockId="6.[136,1452,414,543]" lastBlockId="7.[136,1452,1581,2001]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="254" pageId="6" pageNumber="253">
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<typeStatus id="54BF8834087B511966BF315F2F8BF737" box="[136,205,522,543]" pageId="6" pageNumber="253" type="isotype">Isotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
:
<emphasis id="B970EA84087B511966ED315F2E25F737" bold="true" box="[218,355,522,543]" pageId="6" pageNumber="253">slide Zu/1095</emphasis>
and sediment
<emphasis id="B970EA84087B511967D9315F2D73F737" bold="true" box="[494,565,522,543]" pageId="6" pageNumber="253">
<collectionCode id="ED15AE53087B511967D9315F2EB9F737" box="[494,511,522,543]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="6" pageNumber="253">R</collectionCode>
1278
</emphasis>
deposited at the Friedrich Hustedt Diatom Study centre in Bremenhaven,
<collectingCountry id="F3137606087B511962CA315F2A1EF737" box="[1277,1368,522,543]" name="Germany" pageId="6" pageNumber="253">Germany</collectingCountry>
..
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7B661E087B511966BF35BE2B99F29C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13707328" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13707328" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13707328/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="253" startId="6.[136,243,1771,1792]" targetBox="[203,1386,574,1742]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BBB3696087B511966BF35BE2B99F29C" blockId="6.[136,1452,1771,1972]" pageId="6" pageNumber="253">
<emphasis id="B970EA84087B511966BF35BE2E7BF228" bold="true" box="[136,317,1771,1792]" pageId="6" pageNumber="253">FIGURES 2327.</emphasis>
Type material of fossil lacustrine diatom
<taxonomicName id="4C044D15087B511964D635BE2CFCF228" authorityName="Pailles &amp; Sylvestre" authorityYear="2018" box="[737,954,1771,1792]" class="Coscinodiscophyceae" family="Stephanodiscaceae" genus="Cyclotella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Thalassiosirales" pageId="6" pageNumber="253" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="cassandrae">
<emphasis id="B970EA84087B511964D635BE2CFCF228" box="[737,954,1771,1792]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="253">Cyclotella cassandrae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from lake Peten Itza, LM.
<emphasis id="B970EA84087B511962F835BE2A5DF228" bold="true" box="[1231,1307,1771,1792]" pageId="6" pageNumber="253">(2324)</emphasis>
Valve view at two different focus showing the elliptic shape of the valve, the slightly tangentially undulated central area with scattered puncta, short striae along the major axis, longer and apart striae along the minor axis and at some distance of the valve margin the external opening of MFP (black arrowheads).
<emphasis id="B970EA84087B511967B434022EF7F244" bold="true" box="[387,433,1879,1900]" pageId="6" pageNumber="253">(25).</emphasis>
Valve view with dichotomous striae along the minor axis.
<emphasis id="B970EA84087B511965DF34022B7FF244" bold="true" box="[1000,1081,1879,1900]" pageId="6" pageNumber="253">(2627).</emphasis>
Size variation of
<taxonomicName id="4C044D15087B511962D234022A29F244" authorityName="Pailles &amp; Sylvestre" authorityYear="2018" box="[1253,1391,1879,1900]" class="Coscinodiscophyceae" family="Stephanodiscaceae" genus="Cyclotella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Thalassiosirales" pageId="6" pageNumber="253" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="cassandrae">
<emphasis id="B970EA84087B511962D234022A29F244" box="[1253,1391,1879,1900]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="253">C. cassandrae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: large specimen with dichotomous striae and a central area occupied by a scattered ring of puncta, some specimen are more rounded but still elliptic. Scale = 10μm. Abbreviation: central fultoportulae (CFP), marginal fultoportulae (MFP), rimoportula (RM).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BBB3696087A511866BF35012D23F2F9" blockId="7.[136,1452,1581,2001]" pageId="7" pageNumber="254">
<emphasis id="B970EA84087A511866BF35012E7DF341" bold="true" box="[136,315,1620,1641]" pageId="7" pageNumber="254">FIGURES 2833.</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="54BF8834087A5118677535012E34F341" box="[322,370,1620,1641]" pageId="7" pageNumber="254">Type</typeStatus>
material of fossil lacustrine diatom
<taxonomicName id="4C044D15087A511864E735012CE0F341" authorityName="Pailles &amp; Sylvestre" authorityYear="2018" box="[720,934,1620,1641]" class="Coscinodiscophyceae" family="Stephanodiscaceae" genus="Cyclotella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Thalassiosirales" pageId="7" pageNumber="254" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="cassandrae">
<emphasis id="B970EA84087A511864E735012CE0F341" box="[720,934,1620,1641]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="254">Cyclotella cassandrae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from lake
<collectingRegion id="49C0F874087A5118622635012B00F341" box="[1041,1094,1620,1641]" country="Guatemala" name="Peten" pageId="7" pageNumber="254">Peten</collectingRegion>
Itza, SEM.
<emphasis id="B970EA84087A5118628C35012BA5F341" bold="true" box="[1211,1251,1620,1641]" pageId="7" pageNumber="254">(28)</emphasis>
External valve view with cingulum elements, finely punctated short striae and a large elliptical central area slightly transversally undulated.
<emphasis id="B970EA84087A51186327352D2A7EF3A5" bold="true" box="[1296,1336,1656,1677]" pageId="7" pageNumber="254">(29)</emphasis>
Valve view where the marginal striation is eroded and the central area occupied by a scattered ring of
<collectionCode id="ED15AE53087A511865EC35C92B40F399" box="[987,1030,1692,1713]" pageId="7" pageNumber="254">CFP</collectionCode>
.
<emphasis id="B970EA84087A5118623935C92B70F399" bold="true" box="[1038,1078,1692,1713]" pageId="7" pageNumber="254">(30)</emphasis>
Lateral view of a valve with two girdle bands, the concentrically undulated marginal area and a steep mantle.
<emphasis id="B970EA84087A5118650E35952C26F3FD" bold="true" box="[825,864,1728,1749]" pageId="7" pageNumber="254">(31)</emphasis>
Detailed view of the valve margin with at least two pleural bands, on the valve face striae formed by four to six rows of very fine areolae alternating with narrow interstriae, on the mantle on each costae the rounded opening of
<collectionCode id="ED15AE53087A51186798345D2E99F235" box="[431,479,1800,1821]" country="Cuba" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/hsk3-f0jp" name="Museo Felipe Poey" pageId="7" pageNumber="254">MFP</collectionCode>
, an oblong opening (white double arrowhead) representing the external expression of the rimoportula and below the ring of MFP-RM, striae and interstriae are equally finely punctated.
<emphasis id="B970EA84087A5118658F34792CA6F269" bold="true" box="[952,992,1836,1857]" pageId="7" pageNumber="254">(32)</emphasis>
Internal view of a broken valve showing short and dense alveoli along the major axis, long and outspread alveoli along the minor axis, a protruding rimoportula generally located along the major axis, ring-scattered
<collectionCode id="ED15AE53087A5118679D34212E92F2A1" box="[426,468,1908,1929]" pageId="7" pageNumber="254">CFP</collectionCode>
on both convex and concave parts of the central area.
<emphasis id="B970EA84087A511865DC34212B55F2A1" bold="true" box="[1003,1043,1908,1929]" pageId="7" pageNumber="254">(33)</emphasis>
Internal view showing inserted ribs/striae along the minor axis and
<collectionCode id="ED15AE53087A5118674C34CD2EECF285" box="[379,426,1944,1965]" country="Cuba" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/hsk3-f0jp" name="Museo Felipe Poey" pageId="7" pageNumber="254">MFP</collectionCode>
on nearly each costae. Scale = 5μm (2830, 3233), 2μm (31). Abbreviations: central fultoportulae (
<collectionCode id="ED15AE53087A5118634534CD2AE7F285" box="[1394,1441,1944,1965]" pageId="7" pageNumber="254">CFP</collectionCode>
), marginal fultoportulae (
<collectionCode id="ED15AE53087A5118675B34E92EE7F2F9" box="[364,417,1980,2001]" country="Cuba" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/hsk3-f0jp" name="Museo Felipe Poey" pageId="7" pageNumber="254">MFP</collectionCode>
), rimoportula (
<collectionCode id="ED15AE53087A5118641834E92D1FF2F9" box="[559,601,1980,2001]" country="Canada" name="McGill University, Redpath Museum" pageId="7" pageNumber="254" type="Museum">RM</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF7B661E0875511766BF35062A0FF284" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13707330" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13707330" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13707330/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="255" startId="8.[136,243,1619,1640]" targetBox="[210,1362,191,1583]" targetPageId="8" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BBB36960875511766BF35062A0FF284" blockId="8.[136,1452,1619,1964]" pageId="8" pageNumber="255">
<emphasis id="B970EA840875511766BF35062E7DF340" bold="true" box="[136,315,1619,1640]" pageId="8" pageNumber="255">FIGURES 3439.</emphasis>
Type material of fossil lacustrine diatom
<taxonomicName id="4C044D150875511764E635062CEEF340" authorityName="Pailles &amp; Sylvestre" authorityYear="2018" box="[721,936,1619,1640]" class="Coscinodiscophyceae" family="Stephanodiscaceae" genus="Cyclotella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Thalassiosirales" pageId="8" pageNumber="255" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="cassandrae">
<emphasis id="B970EA840875511764E635062CEEF340" box="[721,936,1619,1640]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="255">Cyclotella cassandrae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from lake Peten Itza, SEM.
<emphasis id="B970EA8408755117628935062BA0F340" bold="true" box="[1214,1254,1619,1640]" pageId="8" pageNumber="255">(34)</emphasis>
Internal view of the valve margin along the major axis, MFP consisting of a short tube surrounded by three cowlings and located just at the tip of the costa below the marginal lamina.
<emphasis id="B970EA840875511767A135CE2EF8F398" bold="true" box="[406,446,1691,1712]" pageId="8" pageNumber="255">(35)</emphasis>
Internal view of the valve margin along the minor axis where MFP are rather embedded in the costae at some distance of the marginal lamina and with triangular-shaped inserted costae.
<emphasis id="B970EA8408755117659735EA2C8EF3FC" bold="true" box="[928,968,1727,1748]" pageId="8" pageNumber="255">(36)</emphasis>
Oblique internal view of a broken valve showing MFP on nearly each costae, a single short costa-born RM and CFP consisting of a tube with two to three cowlings scattered indifferently on the convex and concave part of the central area.
<emphasis id="B970EA8408755117644234522DDBF234" bold="true" box="[629,669,1799,1820]" pageId="8" pageNumber="255">(37)</emphasis>
Born on a costa, a detailed view of the RM consisting of a shortly stalked labium with a radially orientated slit.
<emphasis id="B970EA84087551176795347E2E8CF268" bold="true" box="[418,458,1835,1856]" pageId="8" pageNumber="255">(38)</emphasis>
External view of a complete corroded frustule where the two valves are attached by an open valvocopula (black arrowhead) and fragments of collapsed and eroded girdle bands.
<emphasis id="B970EA84087551176576341A2C2FF24C" bold="true" box="[833,873,1871,1892]" pageId="8" pageNumber="255">(39)</emphasis>
Internal view of a valve with a large fragment of a stepped valvocopula, a broken RM (black arrowhead) and CFP consisting of one tube with two or three cowlings. Scale = 10μm (3839), 2μm (36), 1μm (3435), 500 nm (37). Abbreviations: central fultoportulae (CFP), marginal fultoportulae (MFP), rimoportula (RM).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C31E651D0874511666BF33F82E0DF707" pageId="9" pageNumber="256" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BBB36960874511666BF33F82E5FF5EF" blockId="9.[136,281,173,199]" box="[136,281,173,199]" pageId="9" pageNumber="256">
<emphasis id="B970EA840874511666BF33F82E5FF5EF" bold="true" box="[136,281,173,199]" pageId="9" pageNumber="256">Description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBB36960874511666BF33A32E0DF707" blockId="9.[136,1452,246,559]" pageId="9" pageNumber="256">
Elliptically shaped valves, diameter 2446 μm along major axis and 1830 μm along minor axis. Central area elliptical, slightly transversally undulated with scattered punctae (10 to 25) corresponding to the external opening of central fultoportulae. Central fultoportulae formed by a tube surrounded by two to three satellite pores. Marginal area about one third of valve surface circumferentially undulated with coarse to very coarse striae. Striae of unequal length and density: along major axis 812 st/10μm, along minor axis 69 st/10μm longer, more outspread and sometimes dichotomous. Striae formed by four to six rows of small rounded areolae (
<quantity id="4CFC9B730874511665F832FF2B4DF4EB" box="[975,1035,426,451]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="9" pageNumber="256" unit="in" value="30.0">30 in</quantity>
10 μm). Mantle fultoportulae present on nearly each costa and composed of one tube and three satellite pores. Rimoportula inserted on a costa within the ring of mantle fultoportulae. External openings of mantle fultoportulae and rimoportula in a ring at some distance from the valve margin.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>