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<document id="64729C2F900DC7331D2362343EFCDA55" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4189.1.13" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4189.1.13" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6a262ff6-217b-46df-a7c4-a7c984e966bb" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="165735" ID-ZooBank="C4127D39-3AF2-4D84-8696-947B5EDF0C70" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1478678773281" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Atkinson, Thomas H." docDate="2016" docId="039E87DFC250423AFF5CF8E36E90ED0C" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4189.1.13.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4189 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Cactopinus rhettbutleri Atkinson, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="200" masterDocId="FFA7FFA7C250423EFFCBFFDC6B0AE919" masterDocTitle="A new species of Cactopinus Schwarz from central Mexico (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)" masterLastPageNumber="200" masterPageNumber="196" pageNumber="196" updateTime="1698392880068" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="6EDD972E3CE86EDE51EEF7EA28727E23" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="F9C6CCDAB274960EF4B6CB56F3BF389E">
<mods:title id="8A8A1DBB80863D32D0B2C9703EE71D79">A new species of Cactopinus Schwarz from central Mexico (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="A4BD97C5C7A49B01C0A63CC731B8F3EA" type="personal">
<mods:role id="53E33A646A8DAAFB7AAB763028791BD0">
<mods:roleTerm id="E6F9718892E6F5367E0DDEB1968BAC34">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="4EB8FE2EA384D83169EADE321A389E15">Atkinson, Thomas H.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="F4E09F0DBA2B33BF7C6522C5F5FE909E">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="AFF6B06091C1723C5B7DBC95871D761A" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="AC3425F7ED45939791F732E1DC3F4365">
<mods:title id="BFAAB709B3180BED5BE12E71426C8D9A">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="A4C0CF7B8752FDC27792967E79ACDC3A">
<mods:date id="039CDE7D0342960BB146050446115821">2016</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="081DE6CB9F561699C89B47DC3CFF69F3" type="volume">
<mods:number id="7F75C8E303F2699820A93C2901EBCCD7">4189</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="1D859BFFBD12EF36646DB1F4A0F794AF" type="issue">
<mods:number id="97868EB93BA494A5EAC02E03590FA92C">1</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="6315D96C401B5ADB1DBC5CFDB1FAFD71">196</mods:start>
<mods:end id="EB1071FFFEB6A367675AE8EA14105775">200</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
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<mods:classification id="7B4800E7A1961A9C18DBED03BEBE4449">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="CD6DD8E0A003EFB124189B9D84070A99" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4189.1.13</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="93A2F5284BBA07D35ED52506E21F8607" type="GBIF-Dataset">6a262ff6-217b-46df-a7c4-a7c984e966bb</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="0A7CBF3FF8E43F0092FA3BF529CD47EB" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="6911FCE2312C6D5B141391BA56A148EF" type="Zenodo-Dep">165735</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
<treatment id="039E87DFC250423AFF5CF8E36E90ED0C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6087187" ID-GBIF-Taxon="124658093" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6087187" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039E87DFC250423AFF5CF8E36E90ED0C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039E87DFC250423AFF5CF8E36E90ED0C" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="200" pageId="0" pageNumber="196">
<subSubSection id="C32D6542C250423EFF5CF8E36970EE43" box="[151,634,1855,1882]" pageId="0" pageNumber="196" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B8836C9C250423EFF5CF8E36970EE43" blockId="0.[151,634,1855,1882]" box="[151,634,1855,1882]" pageId="0" pageNumber="196">
<heading id="D0C081A5C250423EFF5CF8E36970EE43" bold="true" box="[151,634,1855,1882]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="196" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B943EADBC250423EFF5CF8E36970EE43" bold="true" box="[151,634,1855,1882]" pageId="0" pageNumber="196">
<taxonomicName id="4C374D4AC250423EFF5CF8E36921EE43" authority="Atkinson" authorityName="Atkinson" box="[151,555,1855,1882]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cactopinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="196" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rhettbutleri" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B943EADBC250423EFF5CF8E36ABAEE40" bold="true" box="[151,432,1855,1881]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="196">Cactopinus rhettbutleri</emphasis>
Atkinson
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27057A0C250423EFDF3F89C6970EE43" box="[568,634,1856,1882]" pageId="0" pageNumber="196" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32D6542C250423CFF5CF85A6FD6EF13" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="198" pageId="0" pageNumber="196" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8836C9C250423EFF5CF85A6BE3EEDA" blockId="0.[151,1436,1926,2023]" pageId="0" pageNumber="196">
<emphasis id="B943EADBC250423EFF5CF85A6BE7EE86" bold="true" box="[151,237,1926,1951]" pageId="0" pageNumber="196">Male: (</emphasis>
<figureCitation id="130C2A4CC250423EFF25F85A6A53EE86" box="[238,345,1926,1951]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStartId-0="1.[151,250,1503,1525]" captionStartId-1="2.[151,250,1352,1374]" captionTargetBox-0="[158,1428,560,1474]" captionTargetBox-1="[158,1429,199,1323]" captionTargetId-0="figure@1.[151,1436,553,1482]" captionTargetId-1="figure@2.[151,1436,193,1330]" captionTargetPageId-0="1" captionTargetPageId-1="2" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Cactopinus rhettbutleri, n. sp. male holotype. A. Dorsal view; B. Lateral view; C. frontal view with epistomal horns; D. Declivity." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Cactopinus rhettbutleri, n. sp. Variations in male epistomal horns." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/165736/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/165737/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="196">Figs. 1–2</figureCitation>
). Color black, length
<quantity id="4CCF9B2CC250423EFD84F85B69BEEE87" box="[591,692,1927,1951]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.87" pageId="0" pageNumber="196" unit="mm" value="1.87">1.87 mm</quantity>
(1.8–2.05), width
<quantity id="4CCF9B2CC250423EFC4DF85A68E1EE87" box="[902,1003,1926,1951]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="0" pageNumber="196" unit="mm" value="0.85">0.85 mm</quantity>
(0.8–1.0), length/width 2.19 (1.9–2.4) (n=11).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8836C9C250423FFF0CF8126846E8ED" blockId="0.[151,1436,1926,2023]" lastBlockId="1.[151,1436,151,501]" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="197" pageId="0" pageNumber="196">
<emphasis id="B943EADBC250423EFF0CF8126A0DEEFE" bold="true" box="[199,263,1998,2023]" pageId="0" pageNumber="196">Head</emphasis>
: Dense fringe of downwards projecting, fimbriate setae along entire width of epistomal margin, covering base of mandibles; similar, smaller brushes at base of mandibles at genal margin. Epistoma raised for its entire width, with a single, small tubercle at each end, rising gradually in middle to base of horns. Horns joined at base, parallel throughout their length along interior margins, broadened distally; anterior surface shining, deeply, coarsely punctured, with yellowish setae arising from punctures; apex of horns digitate, impunctate; punctures on external margins of horns with raised lateral elevations; the most distal of these with a prominent lateral process, giving the horn a forked appearance; a large brush of yellow setae arising from this cleft, length of setae exceeding the apex, similar in size and color to those of epistomal brush. Frons concave in profile, shallowly concave in medial area between eyes, margins of concavity gradual, not acute; frontal surface above horns coarsely punctured, largely without setae; surface shining. Antennal club approximately twice as long as wide; basal half corneous, 2 straight sutures evident on distal half, lined with yellow setae.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF486641C251423FFF5CFA036A55EF0D" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/165736/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="197" targetBox="[158,1428,560,1474]" targetPageId="1">
<paragraph id="8B8836C9C251423FFF5CFA036A55EF0D" blockId="1.[151,1435,1503,1556]" pageId="1" pageNumber="197">
<emphasis id="B943EADBC251423FFF5CFA036A1FECED" bold="true" box="[151,277,1503,1525]" pageId="1" pageNumber="197">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C374D4AC251423FFED6FA3C6906ECEC" box="[285,524,1503,1525]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cactopinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="197" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rhettbutleri" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B943EADBC251423FFED6FA3C6906ECEC" box="[285,524,1503,1525]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="197">Cactopinus rhettbutleri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27057A0C251423FFDD0FA3C695CECEC" box="[539,598,1504,1525]" pageId="1" pageNumber="197" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B943EADBC251423FFDD0FA3C695CECEC" bold="true" box="[539,598,1504,1525]" pageId="1" pageNumber="197">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
male holotype. A. Dorsal view; B. Lateral view; C. frontal view with epistomal horns; D. Declivity.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8836C9C251423FFF0CF9E7688DEFFA" blockId="1.[151,1437,1595,2016]" pageId="1" pageNumber="197">
<emphasis id="B943EADBC251423FFF0CF9E76A4AEF4D" bold="true" box="[199,320,1595,1620]" pageId="1" pageNumber="197">Pronotum</emphasis>
: Asperities concentrated behind middle; summit acute, slightly projected posteriorly beyond base; asperities on anterior slope sparse, separated, tooth-like. Postero-lateral portions of pronotum smooth, shining, with widely spaced, deep punctures; this area with a clear demarcation from densely placed, confused asperities on summit. Acute setae associated with punctures throughout; those in antero-lateral areas and along lateral margins of raised summit twice as long as others, as long as antennal scape.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8836C9C251423FFF0CF9336AAFEEF9" blockId="1.[151,1437,1595,2016]" pageId="1" pageNumber="197">
<emphasis id="B943EADBC251423FFF0CF9336A19EE11" bold="true" box="[199,275,1775,1800]" pageId="1" pageNumber="197">Elytra</emphasis>
: Striae deeply punctured but not impressed, punctures separated by less than their diameter. Interstriae twice as wide as striae with clearly marked, uniseriate punctures that are smaller than those of the striae; surface smooth and shining; vestiture of erect golden interstrial setae, their length less than that of the interstrial width. Declivity steep; striae 1 impressed with sutural interstria elevated, interstria 2 slightly widened with a small number of widely spaced granules; interstria 3 elevated, highest in middle, but not higher than the sutural interstria; all declivital interstriae (reduced in 2) with small uniseriate granules associated with interstrial punctures; strial punctures not granulate.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF486641C252423CFF5CFA9468B2EC47" box="[151,952,1352,1374]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/165737/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="198" targetBox="[158,1429,199,1323]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="8B8836C9C252423CFF5CFA9468B2EC47" blockId="2.[151,952,1352,1374]" box="[151,952,1352,1374]" pageId="2" pageNumber="198">
<emphasis id="B943EADBC252423CFF5CFA946A18EC44" bold="true" box="[151,274,1352,1374]" pageId="2" pageNumber="198">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C374D4AC252423CFED2FA95690CEC47" box="[281,518,1352,1374]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cactopinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="198" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rhettbutleri" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B943EADBC252423CFED2FA95690CEC47" box="[281,518,1352,1374]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="198">Cactopinus rhettbutleri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27057A0C252423CFDD9FA946941EC44" box="[530,587,1352,1373]" pageId="2" pageNumber="198" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B943EADBC252423CFDD9FA946941EC44" bold="true" box="[530,587,1352,1373]" pageId="2" pageNumber="198">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
Variations in male epistomal horns.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8836C9C252423CFF0CFA596FD6EF13" blockId="2.[151,1436,1413,1978]" pageId="2" pageNumber="198">
<emphasis id="B943EADBC252423CFF0CFA596A14EC87" bold="true" box="[199,286,1413,1438]" pageId="2" pageNumber="198">Female</emphasis>
: (
<figureCitation id="130C2A4CC252423CFEFDFA596A71EC87" box="[310,379,1413,1438]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1123,1145]" captionTargetBox="[158,1428,186,1100]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,179,1108]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Cactopinus rhettbutleri, n. sp. Female paratype. A. Dorsal view; B. Lateral view; C. frontal view; D. Declivity." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/165738/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="198">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). Length
<quantity id="4CCF9B2CC252423CFE23FA5A6946EC84" box="[488,588,1414,1438]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="2" pageNumber="198" unit="mm" value="1.9">1.90 mm</quantity>
(1.8–2.05), width
<quantity id="4CCF9B2CC252423CFCD5FA596889EC84" box="[798,899,1413,1438]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.6" pageId="2" pageNumber="198" unit="mm" value="0.86">0.86 mm</quantity>
(0.9–0.95), length/width 2.13 (2.1–2.3) (n=11). Frons weakly concave between eyes; surface densely pubescent with setae uniform in length throughout, about 2/3 length of antennal scape, becoming shorter at vertex; brush of marginal setae along epistoma similar to that of male; epistoma without any trace of lateral elevation. Pronotum and elytra similar to that of male.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32D6542C252423DFF0CF9C96F94EF39" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="199" pageId="2" pageNumber="198" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B8836C9C252423CFF0CF9C96E50EF6F" blockId="2.[151,1436,1413,1978]" pageId="2" pageNumber="198">
<materialsCitation id="3B5F3C94C252423CFF0CF9C96E50EF6F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1324949307" collectingDate="2014-07-24" collectionCode="CNIN" collectorName="T. H. Atkinson &amp; A. Burgos &amp; Deposited &amp; Coleccion Nacional de Insectos &amp; Instituto de Biologia" country="Mexico" elevation="982" latitude="16.6231" location="Santa Maria Zoquitlan" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-96.3261" pageId="2" pageNumber="198" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Oaxaca" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B943EADBC252423CFF0CF9C96A70EF37" bold="true" box="[199,378,1557,1582]" pageId="2" pageNumber="198">
<typeStatus id="548C886BC252423CFF0CF9C96A08EF37" box="[199,258,1557,1582]" pageId="2" pageNumber="198">Type</typeStatus>
material.
</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="548C886BC252423CFE4DF9C96AF9EF37" box="[390,499,1557,1582]" pageId="2" pageNumber="198" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
: male.
<collectingRegion id="49F3F82BC252423CFD87F9CA69A9EF37" box="[588,675,1558,1582]" country="Mexico" name="Oaxaca" pageId="2" pageNumber="198">Oaxaca</collectingRegion>
,
<locationDeviation id="9A3A2FEBC252423CFD78F9CA6886EF37" box="[691,908,1557,1582]" pageId="2" pageNumber="198">
<quantity id="4CCF9B2CC252423CFD78F9CA69F8EF37" box="[691,754,1557,1582]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="198" unit="km" value="7.0">7 km</quantity>
S Totolapan
</locationDeviation>
, road to
<location id="8EE86012C252423CFC36F9CA6E09EF37" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039E87DFC250423AFF5CF8E36E90ED0C:8EE86012C252423CFC36F9CA6E09EF37" box="[1021,1283,1557,1582]" country="Mexico" latitude="16.6231" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-96.3261" name="Santa Maria Zoquitlan" pageId="2" pageNumber="198" stateProvince="Oaxaca">Santa María Zoquitlán</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE03500EC252423CFADCF9C96E9DEF34" box="[1303,1431,1557,1582]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="198" precision="5" value="16.6231">16.6231 N</geoCoordinate>
;
<geoCoordinate id="EE03500EC252423CFF5CF9E56A11EF48" box="[151,283,1593,1618]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="198" precision="5" value="-96.3261">96.3261 W</geoCoordinate>
),
<elevation id="001AD1FAC252423CFEFFF9E56A8BEF48" box="[308,385,1593,1617]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.82" pageId="2" pageNumber="198" unit="m" value="982.0">
<quantity id="4CCF9B2CC252423CFEFFF9E56A8BEF48" box="[308,385,1593,1617]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.82" pageId="2" pageNumber="198" unit="m" value="982.0">982 m</quantity>
</elevation>
,
<collectingDate id="EFCDE9E1C252423CFE5AF9E5692BEF48" box="[401,545,1593,1617]" pageId="2" pageNumber="198" value="2014-07-24">
<date id="FF891009C252423CFE5AF9E5692BEF48" box="[401,545,1593,1617]" pageId="2" pageNumber="198" value="2014-07-24">24-VII-2014</date>
</collectingDate>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C374D4AC252423CFDFAF9E56999EF48" box="[561,659,1593,1617]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Polaskia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="2" pageNumber="198" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B943EADBC252423CFDFAF9E56999EF48" box="[561,659,1593,1617]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="198">Polaskia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.,
<collectorName id="26C2531FC252423CFD1AF9E6687EEF4B" box="[721,884,1593,1618]" pageId="2" pageNumber="198">T.H. Atkinson</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="26C2531FC252423CFC6AF9E56F12EF4B" box="[929,1048,1593,1618]" pageId="2" pageNumber="198">A. Burgos</collectorName>
S., THA-1064 (
<collectorName id="26C2531FC252423CFB11F9E56E47EF4B" box="[1242,1357,1593,1618]" pageId="2" pageNumber="198">Deposited</collectorName>
in the
<collectorName id="26C2531FC252423CFF5CF9816AF3EF6C" box="[151,505,1629,1654]" pageId="2" pageNumber="198">Coleccion Nacional de Insectos</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="ED26AE0CC252423CFDC3F9826958EF6F" box="[520,594,1630,1654]" country="Mexico" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/qbc0-xx4g" name="Coleccion Nacional de Insectos, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico" pageId="2" pageNumber="198">CNIN</collectionCode>
),
<collectorName id="26C2531FC252423CFDAEF9816844EF6F" box="[613,846,1629,1654]" pageId="2" pageNumber="198">Instituto de Biología</collectorName>
, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de
<collectingCountry id="F3207659C252423CFB3FF9816E45EF6F" box="[1268,1359,1629,1654]" name="Mexico" pageId="2" pageNumber="198">México</collectingCountry>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8836C9C252423CFF0CF95D696DEF80" blockId="2.[151,1436,1413,1978]" box="[199,615,1665,1690]" pageId="2" pageNumber="198">Allotype: female: same data (CNIN).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8836C9C252423CFF0CF97A6FF8EEA3" blockId="2.[151,1436,1413,1978]" pageId="2" pageNumber="198">
<materialsCitation id="3B5F3C94C252423CFF0CF97A6F0DEFFB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1324949312" collectingDate="2014-07-24" collectionCode="UTIC" collectorName="T. H. Atkinson &amp; A. Burgos" elevation="982" latitude="16.6231" location="Santa Maria Zoquitlan" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-96.3261" pageId="2" pageNumber="198" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Oaxaca" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="548C886BC252423CFF0CF97A6A33EFA7" box="[199,313,1702,1726]" pageId="2" pageNumber="198" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
:
<collectingRegion id="49F3F82BC252423CFE89F9796A96EFA7" box="[322,412,1701,1726]" country="Mexico" name="Oaxaca" pageId="2" pageNumber="198">
<emphasis id="B943EADBC252423CFE89F9796A96EFA7" bold="true" box="[322,412,1701,1726]" pageId="2" pageNumber="198">Oaxaca</emphasis>
</collectingRegion>
:
<locationDeviation id="9A3A2FEBC252423CFE60F97A697BEFA7" box="[427,625,1701,1726]" pageId="2" pageNumber="198">
<quantity id="4CCF9B2CC252423CFE60F97A6AE9EFA7" box="[427,483,1701,1726]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="198" unit="km" value="7.0">7 km</quantity>
S Totolapan
</locationDeviation>
, road to
<location id="8EE86012C252423CFD1AF97A68C6EFA7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039E87DFC250423AFF5CF8E36E90ED0C:8EE86012C252423CFD1AF97A68C6EFA7" box="[721,972,1701,1726]" latitude="16.6231" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-96.3261" name="Santa Maria Zoquitlan" pageId="2" pageNumber="198" stateProvince="Oaxaca">Santa María Zoquitlán</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE03500EC252423CFC10F9796F5FEFA4" box="[987,1109,1701,1726]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="198" precision="5" value="16.6231">16.6231 N</geoCoordinate>
;
<geoCoordinate id="EE03500EC252423CFBABF9796FD5EFA7" box="[1120,1247,1701,1726]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="198" precision="5" value="-96.3261">96.3261 W</geoCoordinate>
),
<elevation id="001AD1FAC252423CFB38F97A6E31EFA4" box="[1267,1339,1702,1726]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.82" pageId="2" pageNumber="198" unit="m" value="982.0">
<quantity id="4CCF9B2CC252423CFB38F97A6E31EFA4" box="[1267,1339,1702,1726]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.82" pageId="2" pageNumber="198" unit="m" value="982.0">982 m</quantity>
</elevation>
,
<collectingDate id="EFCDE9E1C252423CFA8CF97A6BD8EFF8" pageId="2" pageNumber="198" value="2014-07-24">
<date id="FF891009C252423CFA8CF97A6BD8EFF8" pageId="2" pageNumber="198" value="2014-07-24">24-VII- 2014</date>
</collectingDate>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C374D4AC252423CFF29F9156A4EEFF8" box="[226,324,1737,1761]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Polaskia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="2" pageNumber="198" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B943EADBC252423CFF29F9156A4EEFF8" box="[226,324,1737,1761]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="198">Polaskia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.,
<collectorName id="26C2531FC252423CFE4FF9166920EFFB" box="[388,554,1737,1762]" pageId="2" pageNumber="198">T.H. Atkinson</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="26C2531FC252423CFD93F91569DAEFFB" box="[600,720,1737,1762]" pageId="2" pageNumber="198">A. Burgos</collectorName>
S., THA-1064 (
<collectionCode id="ED26AE0CC252423CFC5CF91568D7EFF8" box="[919,989,1737,1761]" pageId="2" pageNumber="198">UTIC</collectionCode>
, 6)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B5F3C94C252423CFBD2F9156E33EE1F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1324949309" collectingDate="2009-07-01" collectionCode="TAMU, UTIC" elevation="1004" latitude="16.68644" location="Totolapan" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-96.32061" pageId="2" pageNumber="198" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Oaxaca" typeStatus="paratype">
<quantity id="4CCF9B2CC252423CFBD2F9156F52EFFB" box="[1049,1112,1737,1762]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="198" unit="km" value="2.0">2 km</quantity>
N
<location id="8EE86012C252423CFB4EF9156FFEEFFB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039E87DFC250423AFF5CF8E36E90ED0C:8EE86012C252423CFB4EF9156FFEEFFB" box="[1157,1268,1737,1762]" latitude="16.68644" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-96.32061" name="Totolapan" pageId="2" pageNumber="198" stateProvince="Oaxaca">Totolapan</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE03500EC252423CFAC2F9156E9DEFF8" box="[1289,1431,1737,1762]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="198" precision="1" value="16.68644">16.68644 N</geoCoordinate>
;
<geoCoordinate id="EE03500EC252423CFF5CF9316A2DEE1F" box="[151,295,1773,1798]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="198" precision="1" value="-96.32061">96.32061 W</geoCoordinate>
),
<elevation id="001AD1FAC252423CFEF6F9326A97EE1C" box="[317,413,1774,1798]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.004" pageId="2" pageNumber="198" unit="m" value="1004.0">
<quantity id="4CCF9B2CC252423CFEF6F9326A97EE1C" box="[317,413,1774,1798]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.004" pageId="2" pageNumber="198" unit="m" value="1004.0">1,004 m</quantity>
</elevation>
,
<collectingDate id="EFCDE9E1C252423CFE60F9326927EE1F" box="[427,557,1774,1798]" pageId="2" pageNumber="198" value="2009-07-01">
<date id="FF891009C252423CFE60F9326927EE1F" box="[427,557,1774,1798]" pageId="2" pageNumber="198" value="2009-07-01">1-VII-2009</date>
</collectingDate>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C374D4AC252423CFDF0F93268C9EE1F" authority="T.H. Atkinson" authorityName="T.H. Atkinson" box="[571,963,1773,1798]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Escontria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="2" pageNumber="198" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chiotilla">
<emphasis id="B943EADBC252423CFDF0F9326804EE1C" box="[571,782,1773,1797]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="198">Escontria chiotilla</emphasis>
, T.H. Atkinson
</taxonomicName>
, THA-893 (
<collectionCode id="ED26AE0CC252423CFB86F9326FA8EE1F" box="[1101,1186,1774,1798]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14193" name="Texas A&amp;amp;M University" pageId="2" pageNumber="198">TAMU</collectionCode>
, 2;
<collectionCode id="ED26AE0CC252423CFB04F9326E19EE1F" box="[1231,1299,1774,1798]" pageId="2" pageNumber="198">UTIC</collectionCode>
, 3)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B5F3C94C252423CFA83F9316F1CEE30" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1324949308" elevation="700" latitude="16.6515" location="Santa Maria Zoquitlan" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-96.3156" pageId="2" pageNumber="198" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Oaxaca" typeStatus="paratype">
<locationDeviation id="9A3A2FEBC252423CFA83F9316A00EE33" pageId="2" pageNumber="198">
<quantity id="4CCF9B2CC252423CFA83F9316E89EE1F" box="[1352,1411,1773,1798]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="198" unit="km" value="5.0">5 km</quantity>
S Totolapan
</locationDeviation>
, road to
<location id="8EE86012C252423CFEB0F8CD6988EE33" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039E87DFC250423AFF5CF8E36E90ED0C:8EE86012C252423CFEB0F8CD6988EE33" box="[379,642,1809,1834]" latitude="16.6515" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-96.3156" name="Santa Maria Zoquitlan" pageId="2" pageNumber="198" stateProvince="Oaxaca">Santa María Zoquitlán</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE03500EC252423CFD5CF8CD681DEE30" box="[663,791,1809,1834]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="198" precision="5" value="16.6515">16.6515 N</geoCoordinate>
;
<geoCoordinate id="EE03500EC252423CFCE3F8CD68A4EE30" box="[808,942,1809,1834]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="198" precision="5" value="-96.3156">96.3156 W</geoCoordinate>
),
<elevation id="001AD1FAC252423CFC03F8CD6F1CEE30" box="[968,1046,1809,1833]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="198" unit="m" value="700.0">
<quantity id="4CCF9B2CC252423CFC03F8CD6F1CEE30" box="[968,1046,1809,1833]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="198" unit="m" value="700.0">700 m</quantity>
</elevation>
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="3B5F3C94C252423CFBE3F8CD6E42EE54" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1324949311" collectingDate="2014-07-24" collectionCode="TAMU" collectorName="T. H. Atkinson &amp; A. Burgos" elevation="870" latitude="17.6337" location="Santiago Dominguillo" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-96.9141" pageId="2" pageNumber="198" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Oaxaca" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectingDate id="EFCDE9E1C252423CFBE3F8CD6FB2EE30" box="[1064,1208,1809,1833]" pageId="2" pageNumber="198" value="2014-07-24">
<date id="FF891009C252423CFBE3F8CD6FB2EE30" box="[1064,1208,1809,1833]" pageId="2" pageNumber="198" value="2014-07-24">24-VII-2014</date>
</collectingDate>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C374D4AC252423CFB03F8CD6E20EE30" box="[1224,1322,1809,1833]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Polaskia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="2" pageNumber="198" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B943EADBC252423CFB03F8CD6E20EE30" box="[1224,1322,1809,1833]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="198">Polaskia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.,
<collectorName id="26C2531FC252423CFAA0F8CE6BF4EE57" pageId="2" pageNumber="198">T.H. Atkinson</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="26C2531FC252423CFEE8F8EA6A9CEE57" box="[291,406,1846,1870]" pageId="2" pageNumber="198">A. Burgos</collectorName>
S., THA-1060 (
<collectionCode id="ED26AE0CC252423CFD84F8EA69AEEE57" box="[591,676,1846,1870]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14193" name="Texas A&amp;amp;M University" pageId="2" pageNumber="198">TAMU</collectionCode>
, 2);
<location id="8EE86012C252423CFD1CF8E968DAEE57" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039E87DFC250423AFF5CF8E36E90ED0C:8EE86012C252423CFD1CF8E968DAEE57" box="[727,976,1845,1870]" latitude="17.6337" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-96.9141" name="Santiago Dominguillo" pageId="2" pageNumber="198" stateProvince="Oaxaca">Santiago Dominguillo</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE03500EC252423CFC2BF8E96F51EE54" box="[992,1115,1845,1870]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="198" precision="5" value="17.6337">17.6337 N</geoCoordinate>
;
<geoCoordinate id="EE03500EC252423CFBA3F8E96FE3EE57" box="[1128,1257,1845,1870]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="198" precision="5" value="-96.9141">96.9141 W</geoCoordinate>
),
<elevation id="001AD1FAC252423CFB35F8EA6E42EE54" box="[1278,1352,1846,1870]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.7" pageId="2" pageNumber="198" unit="m" value="870.0">
<quantity id="4CCF9B2CC252423CFB35F8EA6E42EE54" box="[1278,1352,1846,1870]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.7" pageId="2" pageNumber="198" unit="m" value="870.0">870 m</quantity>
</elevation>
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="3B5F3C94C252423CFA9EF8EA6E3AEE68" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1324949313" collectingDate="2009-07-02" collectionCode="UTIC" elevation="659" latitude="16.6096" location="Nejapa" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-96.0134" pageId="2" pageNumber="198" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Oaxaca" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectingDate id="EFCDE9E1C252423CFA9EF8EA6BD8EE68" pageId="2" pageNumber="198" value="2009-07-02">
<date id="FF891009C252423CFA9EF8EA6BD8EE68" pageId="2" pageNumber="198" value="2009-07-02">2-VII- 2009</date>
</collectingDate>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C374D4AC252423CFF15F886696EEE6B" authority="T.H. Atkinson" authorityName="T.H. Atkinson" box="[222,612,1881,1906]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Escontria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="2" pageNumber="198" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chiotilla">
<emphasis id="B943EADBC252423CFF15F8866ABBEE68" box="[222,433,1881,1905]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="198">Escontria chiotilla</emphasis>
, T.H. Atkinson
</taxonomicName>
, THA-896 (
<collectionCode id="ED26AE0CC252423CFD26F8856839EE68" box="[749,819,1881,1905]" pageId="2" pageNumber="198">UTIC</collectionCode>
, 3);
<location id="8EE86012C252423CFCADF88568BFEE6B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039E87DFC250423AFF5CF8E36E90ED0C:8EE86012C252423CFCADF88568BFEE6B" box="[870,949,1881,1906]" latitude="16.6096" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-96.0134" name="Nejapa" pageId="2" pageNumber="198" stateProvince="Oaxaca">Nejapa</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE03500EC252423CFC0DF8856F48EE68" box="[966,1090,1881,1906]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="198" precision="5" value="16.6096">16.6096 N</geoCoordinate>
;
<geoCoordinate id="EE03500EC252423CFB84F8856FDBEE68" box="[1103,1233,1881,1906]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="198" precision="5" value="-96.0134">96.0134 W</geoCoordinate>
),
<elevation id="001AD1FAC252423CFB2DF8856E3AEE68" box="[1254,1328,1881,1906]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.59" pageId="2" pageNumber="198" unit="m" value="659.0">
<quantity id="4CCF9B2CC252423CFB2DF8856E3AEE68" box="[1254,1328,1881,1906]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.59" pageId="2" pageNumber="198" unit="m" value="659.0">659 m</quantity>
</elevation>
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="3B5F3C94C252423CFAF6F8856E9DEE8C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1324949310" collectingDate="2014-08-23" collectionCode="CEAM" collectorName="T. H. Atkinson &amp; A. Burgos" elevation="1070" latitude="18.2446" location="Coxcatlan" longLatPrecision="52" longitude="-97.156" pageId="2" pageNumber="198" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Puebla" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectingDate id="EFCDE9E1C252423CFAF6F8856BD8EE8F" pageId="2" pageNumber="198" value="2014-08-23">
<date id="FF891009C252423CFAF6F8856BD8EE8F" pageId="2" pageNumber="198" value="2014-08-23">23-VIII- 2014</date>
</collectingDate>
,
<collectorName id="26C2531FC252423CFF16F8A26A76EE8F" box="[221,380,1917,1942]" pageId="2" pageNumber="198">T.H. Atkinson</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="26C2531FC252423CFE6AF8A2691EEE8F" box="[417,532,1918,1942]" pageId="2" pageNumber="198">A. Burgos</collectorName>
S., THA-1058 (
<collectionCode id="ED26AE0CC252423CFD02F8A26814EE8F" box="[713,798,1918,1942]" country="Mexico" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ff28-ftqi" name="Centro de Entomologica y Acarologia" pageId="2" pageNumber="198">CEAM</collectionCode>
, 5).
<collectingRegion id="49F3F82BC252423CFC9BF8A168A8EE8F" box="[848,930,1917,1942]" country="Mexico" name="Puebla" pageId="2" pageNumber="198">
<emphasis id="B943EADBC252423CFC9BF8A168A8EE8F" bold="true" box="[848,930,1917,1942]" pageId="2" pageNumber="198">Puebla</emphasis>
</collectingRegion>
:
<location id="8EE86012C252423CFC7AF8A16F28EE8F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039E87DFC250423AFF5CF8E36E90ED0C:8EE86012C252423CFC7AF8A16F28EE8F" box="[945,1058,1917,1942]" latitude="18.2446" longLatPrecision="52" longitude="-97.156" name="Coxcatlan" pageId="2" pageNumber="198" stateProvince="Puebla">Coxcatlán</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE03500EC252423CFBFAF8A16FA6EE8C" box="[1073,1196,1917,1942]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="198" precision="5" value="18.2446">18.2446 N</geoCoordinate>
;
<geoCoordinate id="EE03500EC252423CFB73F8A16E21EE8F" box="[1208,1323,1917,1942]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="198" precision="55" value="-97.156">97.156 W</geoCoordinate>
),
<elevation id="001AD1FAC252423CFAF4F8A26E9DEE8C" box="[1343,1431,1918,1942]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0699999999999998" pageId="2" pageNumber="198" unit="m" value="1070.0">
<quantity id="4CCF9B2CC252423CFAF4F8A26E9DEE8C" box="[1343,1431,1918,1942]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0699999999999998" pageId="2" pageNumber="198" unit="m" value="1070.0">1070 m</quantity>
</elevation>
</materialsCitation>
;
<date id="FF891009C252423CFF5CF87D6A03EEA0" box="[151,265,1953,1977]" pageId="2" pageNumber="198" value="2012-01-19">19-I-2012</date>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C374D4AC252423CFEDEF87E6AECEEA0" box="[277,486,1953,1977]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Escontria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="2" pageNumber="198" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chiotilla">
<emphasis id="B943EADBC252423CFEDEF87E6AECEEA0" box="[277,486,1953,1977]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="198">Escontria chiotilla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; T.H. Atkinson, THA-979 (CNIN, 2; CEAM, 2; TAMU, 7; UTIC, 6).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF486641C253423DFF5CFBBF6E8AED60" box="[151,1408,1123,1145]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/165738/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="199" targetBox="[158,1428,186,1100]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8B8836C9C253423DFF5CFBBF6E8AED60" blockId="3.[151,1408,1123,1145]" box="[151,1408,1123,1145]" pageId="3" pageNumber="199">
<emphasis id="B943EADBC253423DFF5CFBBF6A18ED61" bold="true" box="[151,274,1123,1145]" pageId="3" pageNumber="199">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C374D4AC253423DFED2FBB8690CED60" box="[281,518,1123,1145]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cactopinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="199" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rhettbutleri" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B943EADBC253423DFED2FBB8690CED60" box="[281,518,1123,1145]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="199">Cactopinus rhettbutleri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27057A0C253423DFDD9FBB86941ED60" box="[530,587,1124,1145]" pageId="3" pageNumber="199" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B943EADBC253423DFDD9FBB86941ED60" bold="true" box="[530,587,1124,1145]" pageId="3" pageNumber="199">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
Female paratype. A. Dorsal view; B. Lateral view; C. frontal view; D. Declivity.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8836C9C253423DFF0CFB436A0CEC51" blockId="3.[151,1437,1183,2036]" pageId="3" pageNumber="199">
<emphasis id="B943EADBC253423DFF0CFB436A00EDA1" bold="true" box="[199,266,1183,1208]" pageId="3" pageNumber="199">Notes</emphasis>
. As previously discussed (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA64B38C253423DFDFFFB4369EEEDA1" author="Atkinson" box="[564,740,1183,1208]" pageId="3" pageNumber="199" refString="Atkinson, T. H. (2010) New species and records of Cactopinus Schwarz with a key to species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae). ZooKeys, 56, 17 - 33. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 56.515" type="journal article" year="2010">Atkinson, 2010</bibRefCitation>
) the male epistomal horns are not segmented. In most species, especially those with the longest horns, there are deep punctures along most of the length of the horn that appear to confer some flexibility by allowing it to bend. In
<taxonomicName id="4C374D4AC253423DFD02FB346860EDE6" box="[713,874,1255,1279]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cactopinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="199" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rhettbutleri">
<emphasis id="B943EADBC253423DFD02FB346860EDE6" box="[713,874,1255,1279]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="199">C. rhettbutleri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the margins of the subapical punctures are raised into projections. This may be seen in several punctures but is always most prominent in those closest to the apex of the horns.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8836C9C253423DFF0CFA886F94EF39" blockId="3.[151,1437,1183,2036]" pageId="3" pageNumber="199">
In some males from the Coxcatlán population the epistomal horns are much reduced in size (
<figureCitation id="130C2A4CC253423DFB10FA8F6E14EC75" box="[1243,1310,1363,1388]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1352,1374]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,199,1323]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,193,1330]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Cactopinus rhettbutleri, n. sp. Variations in male epistomal horns." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/165737/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="199">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
B,C,D). In intermediate cases the distal digitate extension is absent or much reduced but the margins of the subapical punctures are still expanded laterally and the more distal punctures on the lateral margins still have a lateral process arising from them and show the bifid, or forked apex. In other species of
<taxonomicName id="4C374D4AC253423DFC15FA1C6F57ECCE" box="[990,1117,1472,1495]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cactopinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="199" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B943EADBC253423DFC15FA1C6F57ECCE" box="[990,1117,1472,1495]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="199">Cactopinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for which large numbers of specimens from multiple collections are available, there appears to be considerable variation in the length of male horns. This needs to be studied and possibly descriptions and keys will have to be modified.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32D6542C253423DFF0CF9F76FF2EEB2" pageId="3" pageNumber="199" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8B8836C9C253423DFF0CF9F769EAEE59" blockId="3.[151,1437,1183,2036]" pageId="3" pageNumber="199">
<emphasis id="B943EADBC253423DFF0CF9F76A15EF5D" bold="true" box="[199,287,1579,1604]" pageId="3" pageNumber="199">Biology</emphasis>
. This species has been collected in the dried ribs of its hosts, multiply branched arborescent cacti. As is the case with most other cactus-breeding
<taxonomicName id="4C374D4AC253423DFDA7F98C69E1EF7E" box="[620,747,1616,1639]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cactopinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="199" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B943EADBC253423DFDA7F98C69E1EF7E" box="[620,747,1616,1639]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="199">Cactopinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species, successful breeding occurs in portions of stems that have dried out to a hard, leathery consistency without the black discoloration associated with decay. Under these conditions the dried tissue is dark yellowish brown and tacky to the touch. This situation most commonly occurs in erect, dead stems still attached to the host. Galleries are initiated at the areoles (clumps of spines that are found along the ridges of the ribs). Species of
<taxonomicName id="4C374D4AC253423DFD97F90369B4EFEE" box="[604,702,1759,1783]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Polaskia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="3" pageNumber="199" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B943EADBC253423DFD97F90369B4EFEE" box="[604,702,1759,1783]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="199">Polaskia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are restricted to the states of
<collectingRegion id="49F3F82BC253423DFBC5F93C6F68EFE1" box="[1038,1122,1760,1784]" country="Mexico" name="Oaxaca" pageId="3" pageNumber="199">Oaxaca</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingRegion id="49F3F82BC253423DFB51F9036FE3EFE1" box="[1178,1257,1759,1784]" country="Mexico" name="Puebla" pageId="3" pageNumber="199">Puebla</collectingRegion>
, roughly within the area where this species was collected.
<taxonomicName id="4C374D4AC253423DFDBFF8D8684DEE05" box="[628,839,1796,1820]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Escontria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="3" pageNumber="199" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chiotilla">
<emphasis id="B943EADBC253423DFDBFF8D8684DEE05" box="[628,839,1796,1820]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="199">Escontria chiotilla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a broader distribution which includes the Balsas depression of the states of
<collectingRegion id="49F3F82BC253423DFE0AF8F4692CEE59" box="[449,550,1832,1856]" country="Mexico" name="Guerrero" pageId="3" pageNumber="199">Guerrero</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingRegion id="49F3F82BC253423DFD97F8FB69D6EE59" box="[604,732,1831,1856]" country="Mexico" name="Michoacan de Ocampo" pageId="3" pageNumber="199">Michoacán</collectingRegion>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8836C9C253423DFF0CF8976FF2EEB2" blockId="3.[151,1437,1183,2036]" pageId="3" pageNumber="199">
The majority of the species of
<taxonomicName id="4C374D4AC253423DFDD4F8906995EE7A" box="[543,671,1868,1891]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cactopinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="199" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B943EADBC253423DFDD4F8906995EE7A" box="[543,671,1868,1891]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="199">Cactopinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
that breed in columnar or arborescent cacti use hosts in the subtribe Stenocereinae (Gibson et al. 1986). Other reported hosts in this subtribe include
<taxonomicName id="4C374D4AC253423DFBF9F8AC6FBDEE9E" box="[1074,1207,1904,1927]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Stenocereus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="3" pageNumber="199" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B943EADBC253423DFBF9F8AC6FBDEE9E" box="[1074,1207,1904,1927]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="199">Stenocereus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C374D4AC253423DFB39F8B36E9FEE9E" box="[1266,1429,1903,1927]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Myrtillocactus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="3" pageNumber="199" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B943EADBC253423DFB39F8B36E9FEE9E" box="[1266,1429,1903,1927]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="199">Myrtillocactus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The
<taxonomicName id="4C374D4AC253423DFF02F8486A3CEEB2" box="[201,310,1940,1963]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Escontria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="3" pageNumber="199" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B943EADBC253423DFF02F8486A3CEEB2" box="[201,310,1940,1963]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="199">Escontria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C374D4AC253423DFEA7F8486AC4EEB5" box="[364,462,1940,1964]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Polaskia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="3" pageNumber="199" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B943EADBC253423DFEA7F8486AC4EEB5" box="[364,462,1940,1964]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="199">Polaskia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also belong to this group and are most closely related to
<taxonomicName id="4C374D4AC253423DFB85F8486FFBEEB5" box="[1102,1265,1940,1964]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Myrtillocactus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="3" pageNumber="199" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B943EADBC253423DFB85F8486FFBEEB5" box="[1102,1265,1940,1964]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="199">Myrtillocactus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32D6542C253423DFF0CF86B6A01EEED" pageId="3" pageNumber="199" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B8836C9C253423DFF0CF86B6A01EEED" blockId="3.[151,1437,1183,2036]" pageId="3" pageNumber="199">
<emphasis id="B943EADBC253423DFF0CF86B6A4CEEC9" bold="true" box="[199,326,1975,2000]" pageId="3" pageNumber="199">Etymology</emphasis>
. This species is named in honor of Rhett Butler for his work in conservation and environmental education.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32D6542C254423AFF0CFF4B6E90ED0C" pageId="4" pageNumber="200" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B8836C9C254423AFF0CFF4B6FEFE805" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,536]" pageId="4" pageNumber="200">
<emphasis id="B943EADBC254423AFF0CFF4B6A30E9A9" bold="true" box="[199,314,151,176]" pageId="4" pageNumber="200">Diagnosis</emphasis>
. This species is most readily distinguished by the unique, laterally expanded epistomal horns in the male that appear to be apically forked. The wide variation in horn length documented here for
<taxonomicName id="4C374D4AC254423AFB64FF606E44E9CD" box="[1199,1358,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cactopinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="200" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rhettbutleri">
<emphasis id="B943EADBC254423AFB64FF606E44E9CD" box="[1199,1358,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="200">C. rhettbutleri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
means that some specimens can not be reliably identified at this point. The subapical branching that is typical of this species is visible even in males with reduced horns (
<figureCitation id="130C2A4CC254423AFD2AFED8682EE805" box="[737,804,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1352,1374]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,199,1323]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,193,1330]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Cactopinus rhettbutleri, n. sp. Variations in male epistomal horns." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/165737/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="200">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
B,C) but not in extreme cases (
<figureCitation id="130C2A4CC254423AFBB5FED86FC8E805" box="[1150,1218,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1352,1374]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,199,1323]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,193,1330]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Cactopinus rhettbutleri, n. sp. Variations in male epistomal horns." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/165737/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="200">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
D).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8836C9C254423AFF0CFEFB6E84E8D6" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,536]" pageId="4" pageNumber="200">Examination of long series of other species has also shown wide intraspecific variation in male horn length (unpublished) that effectively means that single male specimens of other species may also present problems in identification. At this point females cannot be reliably identified although this could be accomplished with further study. Based on the abundance of characters present in the known species it should be possible to write new keys that will accommodate both females and males with reduced horns. This is beyond the scope of the current paper.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8836C9C254423AFF0CFE006A50EB01" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,536]" pageId="4" pageNumber="200">
<taxonomicName id="4C374D4AC254423AFF0CFE006AC6E8ED" box="[199,460,476,500]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cactopinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="200" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rhettbutleri">
<emphasis id="B943EADBC254423AFF0CFE006AC6E8ED" box="[199,460,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="200">Cactopinus rhettbutleri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
will key out to couplet
<quantity id="4CCF9B2CC254423AFD18FE006801E8EC" box="[723,779,476,501]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.794" pageId="4" pageNumber="200" unit="in" value="11.0">11 in</quantity>
the latest generic key (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA64B38C254423AFBC0FE006FB4E8ED" author="Atkinson" box="[1035,1214,476,501]" pageId="4" pageNumber="200" refString="Atkinson, T. H. (2010) New species and records of Cactopinus Schwarz with a key to species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae). ZooKeys, 56, 17 - 33. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 56.515" type="journal article" year="2010">Atkinson, 2010</bibRefCitation>
). Modified couplets are shown below.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8836C9C254423AFF5CFD9B6E90ED0C" blockId="4.[151,1436,583,1045]" pageId="4" pageNumber="200">
11(8) Frons curved in lateral profile, but flat longitudinally; pronotal asperities blunt, weakly developed; declivity with relatively few, small granules on interstriae.
<quantity id="4CCF9B2CC254423AFDE1FDB869AAEB63" box="[554,672,612,634]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2999999999999998" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="200" unit="mm" value="1.2999999999999998" valueMax="1.4" valueMin="1.2">1.2–1.4 mm</quantity>
.
<collectingRegion id="49F3F82BC254423AFD62FDB869E7EB63" box="[681,749,612,634]" country="Mexico" name="Puebla" pageId="4" pageNumber="200">Puebla</collectingRegion>
.........................................
<taxonomicName id="4C374D4AC254423AFB18FDB96E90EB63" authority="Wood" authorityName="Wood" box="[1235,1434,612,634]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cactopinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="200" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cactophthorus">
<emphasis id="B943EADBC254423AFB18FDB96E56EB63" box="[1235,1372,613,634]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="200">cactophthorus</emphasis>
Wood
</taxonomicName>
- Frons weakly to prominently concave in central area between eyes; pronotal asperities sharply elevated, chisel shaped declivity with prominent granules on interstriae 2 and higher.......................................................... 12 12(11) Horns reaching or exceeding upper level of frons, apical portions digitate; interstria 1 on declivity not impressed, interstriae 3 not prominently elevated............................................................................... 13 - Horns not reaching upper level of frons, apical portion not digitate, interstria 1 on declivity strongly impressed, interstriae 3 prominently elevated................................................................................. 13a 13(12) Male horns not expanded distally, digitate apical portions of horns divaricate;
<quantity id="4CCF9B2CC254423AFC01FCED6F4AEA5E" box="[970,1088,817,839]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="200" unit="mm" value="1.55" valueMax="1.6" valueMin="1.5">1.5–1.6 mm</quantity>
. In
<taxonomicName id="4C374D4AC254423AFBA9FCEE6FF9EA5E" box="[1122,1267,818,839]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Neobuxbaumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="4" pageNumber="200" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B943EADBC254423AFBA9FCEE6FF9EA5E" box="[1122,1267,818,839]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="200">Neobuxbaumia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<collectingRegion id="49F3F82BC254423AFB34FCED6E5BEA5E" box="[1279,1361,817,839]" country="Mexico" name="Morelos" pageId="4" pageNumber="200">Morelos</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49F3F82BC254423AFA91FCED6E91EA5E" box="[1370,1435,817,839]" country="Mexico" name="Puebla" pageId="4" pageNumber="200">Puebla</collectingRegion>
..........................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C374D4AC254423AFAD3FC936E90EA7C" authority="Wood" authorityName="Wood" box="[1304,1434,847,869]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cactopinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="200" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="burjosi">
<emphasis id="B943EADBC254423AFAD3FC936E56EA7D" box="[1304,1372,847,868]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="200">burjosi</emphasis>
Wood
</taxonomicName>
- Male horns expanded distally, prominent lateral process below digitate apex giving forked appearance. In
<emphasis id="B943EADBC254423AFB12FCB16E9CEA9B" box="[1241,1430,877,898]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="200">
<taxonomicName id="4C374D4AC254423AFB12FCB16E33EA9B" box="[1241,1337,877,898]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Escontria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="4" pageNumber="200" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Escontria</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C374D4AC254423AFA89FCB16E9CEA9B" box="[1346,1430,877,898]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Polaskia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="4" pageNumber="200" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Polaskia</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
.
<collectingRegion id="49F3F82BC254423AFF2AFC556A21EA86" box="[225,299,905,927]" country="Mexico" name="Oaxaca" pageId="4" pageNumber="200">Oaxaca</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49F3F82BC254423AFEFFFC556A7FEA86" box="[308,373,905,927]" country="Mexico" name="Puebla" pageId="4" pageNumber="200">Puebla</collectingRegion>
.......................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C374D4AC254423AFB1AFC566E96EA86" authority="Atkinson" authorityName="Atkinson" box="[1233,1436,905,927]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cactopinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="200" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rhettbutleri">
<emphasis id="B943EADBC254423AFB1AFC566E34EA86" box="[1233,1342,906,927]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="200">rhettbutleri</emphasis>
Atkinson
</taxonomicName>
13(13a)Frons with prominent concavity in middle of frons; outer sides of horns parallel, inner sides angled making obvious “V” shape; antennal sutures straight.
<quantity id="4CCF9B2CC254423AFE1DFC186946EAC3" box="[470,588,964,986]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="1.9" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="4" pageNumber="200" unit="mm" value="1.75" valueMax="1.9" valueMin="1.6">1.6–1.9 mm</quantity>
. In
<taxonomicName id="4C374D4AC254423AFDA4FC1969EBEAC3" box="[623,737,965,986]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Stenocereus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="4" pageNumber="200" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B943EADBC254423AFDA4FC1969EBEAC3" box="[623,737,965,986]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="200">Stenocereus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<collectingRegion id="49F3F82BC254423AFD26FC18683DEAC3" box="[749,823,964,986]" country="Mexico" name="Oaxaca" pageId="4" pageNumber="200">Oaxaca</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49F3F82BC254423AFC8AFC1868ABEAC3" box="[833,929,964,986]" country="Mexico" name="Queretaro de Arteaga" pageId="4" pageNumber="200">Querétaro</collectingRegion>
................................
<taxonomicName id="4C374D4AC254423AFAE1FC196E90EAC3" authority="Wood" authorityName="Wood" box="[1322,1434,964,986]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cactopinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="200" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
<emphasis id="B943EADBC254423AFAE1FC196E57EAC3" box="[1322,1373,965,986]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="200">niger</emphasis>
Wood
</taxonomicName>
- Frons shallowly concave, concavity not well defined; inner sides of horns not strongly angled; antennal sutures bisinuate.
<quantity id="4CCF9B2CC254423AFAB9FC3D6A27ED0D" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5499999999999998" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="4" pageNumber="200" unit="mm" value="1.5499999999999998" valueMax="1.7" valueMin="1.4">1.4– 1.7 mm</quantity>
. In
<taxonomicName id="4C374D4AC254423AFE9BFC236AC8ED0D" box="[336,450,1023,1044]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Stenocereus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="4" pageNumber="200" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B943EADBC254423AFE9BFC236AC8ED0D" box="[336,450,1023,1044]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="200">Stenocereus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp.
<collectingRegion id="49F3F82BC254423AFE3EFC236933ED0C" box="[501,569,1023,1045]" country="Mexico" name="Jalisco" pageId="4" pageNumber="200">Jalisco</collectingRegion>
.............................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C374D4AC254423AFADCFC236E90ED0C" authority="Wood" authorityName="Wood" box="[1303,1434,1023,1045]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cactopinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="200" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="setosus">
<emphasis id="B943EADBC254423AFADCFC236E56ED0D" box="[1303,1372,1023,1044]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="200">setosus</emphasis>
Wood
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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