208 lines
23 KiB
XML
208 lines
23 KiB
XML
<document id="4076BA192EB80FF5BE2A79BC6C1137C8" ID-CLB-Dataset="46795" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.206522" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a72ab99f-6de9-4861-aa5d-7d12ccc9ebe1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="206522" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460361639558" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Yu, Sergey & Paik, Jong-Cheol" docDate="2011" docId="039E87C65D6F206A4AF0FB8EFDFFFD18" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02897p034.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2897" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Haplotropiidini Sergeev 1995" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="29" masterDocId="FFA7FFBE5D6E20684A67FFE0FFF5FF9C" masterDocTitle="Review of the genus Haplotropis Saussure, 1888 (Orthoptera: Pamphagidae), with notes on classification of the subfamilies Pamphaginae and Trinchinae" masterLastPageNumber="34" masterPageNumber="27" pageNumber="28" updateTime="1698294653075" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="E77316A87D9A1DF5003F46BEBCD82426">Review of the genus Haplotropis Saussure, 1888 (Orthoptera: Pamphagidae), with notes on classification of the subfamilies Pamphaginae and Trinchinae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="327C6BB567CD14FAA530F2BB55B28F7D">Yu, Sergey</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4DA54914B0315BC8E4B9CFA8647A1D45">Paik, Jong-Cheol</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="A2EED14F531FCD06900DCEA1AAF7CEAA">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="17AB4DD43D8A1C46D3E09B8BCF4246AC">2011</mods:date>
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<treatment id="039E87C65D6F206A4AF0FB8EFDFFFD18" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6188840" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119409885" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6188840" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039E87C65D6F206A4AF0FB8EFDFFFD18" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039E87C65D6F206A4AF0FB8EFDFFFD18" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">
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<subSubSection id="C32D655B5D6F20694AF0FB8EFDA3FB14" box="[151,598,1134,1160]" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B8836D05D6F20694AF0FB8EFDA3FB14" blockId="1.[151,598,1134,1160]" box="[151,598,1134,1160]" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">
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<heading id="D0C081BC5D6F20694AF0FB8EFDA3FB14" bold="true" box="[151,598,1134,1160]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B943EAC25D6F20694AF0FB8EFDA3FB14" bold="true" box="[151,598,1134,1160]" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">
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Tribe
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D535D6F20694A85FB8EFDA3FB14" ID-CoL="8PT6X" authority="Sergeev, 1995" authorityName="Sergeev" authorityYear="1995" box="[226,598,1134,1160]" class="Insecta" family="Pamphagidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Haplotropiidini">
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||
Haplotropiidini
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA64B215D6F20694BCBFB8EFDA3FB14" author="Sergeev" box="[428,598,1134,1160]" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" refString="Sergeev, M. G. (1995) The general distribution of Orthoptera in the eastern parts of the Saharan-Gobian and Scythian Subregions. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia, 38 (2), 213 - 256." type="journal article" year="1995">Sergeev, 1995</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C32D655B5D6F20694AF0FB55FE1DFB75" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B8836D05D6F20694AF0FB55FE1DFB75" blockId="1.[151,1201,1205,1288]" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2711FE5D6F20694AF0FB55FE1DFB75" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">
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<taxonomicName id="4C374D535D6F20694AF0FB55FE22FB57" ID-CoL="8PT6Y" authority="Sergeev, 1993: 62" authorityName="Sergeev" authorityPageNumber="62" authorityYear="1993" box="[151,471,1205,1227]" class="Insecta" family="Pamphagidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Haplotropini">
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Haplotropini
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9610C15D6F20694B78FB56FE22FB57" author="Sergeev" box="[287,471,1205,1227]" page="62" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" year="1993">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA64B215D6F20694B78FB56FE44FB57" author="Sergeev" box="[287,433,1206,1227]" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" refString="Sergeev, M. G. (1993) The general distribution of Orthoptera in the main zoogeographical regions of North and Central Asia. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia, 36 (1), 53 - 76." type="journal article" year="1993">Sergeev, 1993</bibRefCitation>
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: 62
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Unavailable name according to Article 13.1 of the Code (ICZN, 1999).
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<taxonomicName id="4C374D535D6F20694AF0FB33FE11FB75" ID-CoL="8PT6Y" authority="Sergeev, 1995: 216" authorityName="Sergeev" authorityPageNumber="216" authorityYear="1995" box="[151,484,1235,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Pamphagidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Haplotropini">
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Haplotropini
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9610C15D6F20694B79FB34FE11FB75" author="Sergeev" box="[286,484,1235,1257]" page="216" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" year="1995">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA64B215D6F20694B79FB34FE44FB75" author="Sergeev" box="[286,433,1235,1257]" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" refString="Sergeev, M. G. (1995) The general distribution of Orthoptera in the eastern parts of the Saharan-Gobian and Scythian Subregions. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia, 38 (2), 213 - 256." type="journal article" year="1995">Sergeev, 1995</bibRefCitation>
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: 216
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32D655B5D6F20694AF0FB13FDCDFA94" box="[151,568,1266,1288]" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B8836D05D6F20694AF0FB13FDCDFA94" blockId="1.[151,1201,1205,1288]" box="[151,568,1266,1288]" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">
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<typeStatus id="548C88725D6F20694AF0FB13FF3CFA94" box="[151,201,1267,1288]" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">Type</typeStatus>
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genus:
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<taxonomicName id="4C374D535D6F20694B7FFB12FDC1FA94" authority="Saussure, 1888" authorityName="Saussure" authorityYear="1888" box="[280,564,1266,1288]" class="Insecta" family="Pamphagidae" genus="Haplotropis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B943EAC25D6F20694B7FFB12FE67FA94" box="[280,402,1266,1288]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">Haplotropis</emphasis>
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Saussure, 1888
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32D655B5D6F20694AF0FAD5FD8DF99D" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B8836D05D6F20694AF0FAD5FC3BFA41" blockId="1.[151,1437,1333,2005]" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">
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<emphasis id="B943EAC25D6F20694AF0FAD5FEB1FAD2" bold="true" box="[151,324,1333,1358]" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">Redescription.</emphasis>
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Fastigium of vertex relatively broad, with one pair of foveolae visible from above. Frontal ridge relatively broad, weakly or not sulcate. Antennae filiform. Median carina of pronotum raised, usually smooth or in some specimens gently cut by hind furrow. Tegmina lateral, scale-like.
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<collectingCountry id="F32076405D6F20694907FA9DFC6DFA09" box="[864,920,1405,1429]" name="India" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">Hind</collectingCountry>
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wings as long as tegmina, second anal vein of hind wing thickened, S-shaped. Upper side of mid tibiae with a few tubercules near the base only.
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<collectingCountry id="F32076405D6F20694EAAFA41FAF1FA25" box="[1229,1284,1441,1465]" name="India" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">Hind</collectingCountry>
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femora stout. Krauss’ organ large. Apical valves of penis short. Epiphallus semi-bridge.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8836D05D6F20694AA2FA09FD8DF99D" blockId="1.[151,1437,1333,2005]" box="[197,632,1513,1538]" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">
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<emphasis id="B943EAC25D6F20694AA2FA09FE91F99E" bold="true" box="[197,356,1513,1538]" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">Composition.</emphasis>
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One genus in
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<collectingCountry id="F32076405D6F20694861FA0AFD81F99D" box="[518,628,1513,1537]" name="China" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">East Asia</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32D655B5D6F206A4AA2F9EDFDFFFD18" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8B8836D05D6F20694AA2F9EDFC7EF9D5" blockId="1.[151,1437,1333,2005]" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">
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<emphasis id="B943EAC25D6F20694AA2F9EDFEDBF9B9" bold="true" box="[197,302,1549,1573]" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">Remark.</emphasis>
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The generic name
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<taxonomicName id="4C374D535D6F2069486BF9EDFD67F9B9" box="[524,658,1549,1573]" class="Insecta" family="Pamphagidae" genus="Haplotropis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B943EAC25D6F2069486BF9EDFD67F9B9" box="[524,658,1549,1573]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">Haplotropis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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originated from Greek words, therefore the correct spelling of tribe name is
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<taxonomicName id="4C374D535D6F20694A93F9D1FE55F9D5" box="[244,416,1585,1609]" class="Insecta" family="Pamphagidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Haplotropiidini">Haplotropiidini</taxonomicName>
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(not
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<taxonomicName id="4C374D535D6F20694BBBF9D1FD9EF9D5" box="[476,619,1585,1609]" class="Insecta" family="Pamphagidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Haplotropini">Haplotropini</taxonomicName>
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as proposed by Sergeev).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8836D05D6F20694AA2F9B5FE59F8F5" blockId="1.[151,1437,1333,2005]" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">
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<emphasis id="B943EAC25D6F20694AA2F9B5FEBFF9F2" bold="true" box="[197,330,1621,1646]" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">Discussion.</emphasis>
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Recently five subfamilies of Eurasian Pamphadigae was described based mainly on the shape of antennae and presents or absents of tympanum (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA64B215D6F206948C9F999FC75F90D" author="Zhang" box="[686,896,1657,1681]" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" refString="Zhang, D. - Ch., Yin, H. & Yin, X. - Ch. (2003) On the taxonomic system of Eurasian Pamphagidae (Orthoptera: Caelifera). Acta Entomologica Sinica, 46 (2) 218 - 221." type="journal article" year="2003">
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Zhang
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<emphasis id="B943EAC25D6F20694899F99AFCDAF90D" box="[766,815,1657,1681]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">et al</emphasis>
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., 2003
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</bibRefCitation>
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), beside them
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<taxonomicName id="4C374D535D6F20694E47F999FB32F90D" box="[1056,1223,1657,1681]" class="Insecta" family="Pamphagidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Nocarodesinae">Nocarodesinae</taxonomicName>
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Zhang, Yin et Yin, 2003 (
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<typeStatus id="548C88725D6F20694A87F97DFEE7F929" box="[224,274,1693,1717]" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">type</typeStatus>
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genus:
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<taxonomicName id="4C374D535D6F20694B0AF97DFCFDF929" authority="Fischer-Waldheim, 1846" authorityName="Fischer-Waldheim" authorityYear="1846" box="[365,776,1693,1717]" class="Insecta" family="Pamphagidae" genus="Nocarodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B943EAC25D6F20694B0AF97DFE10F929" box="[365,485,1693,1717]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">Nocarodes</emphasis>
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Fischer-Waldheim, 1846
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</taxonomicName>
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),
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<taxonomicName id="4C374D535D6F20694979F97DFC12F929" box="[798,999,1693,1717]" class="Insecta" family="Pamphagidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Tropidaucheninae">Tropidaucheninae</taxonomicName>
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Zhang, Yin et Yin, 2003 (
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<typeStatus id="548C88725D6F20694F7FF97DFABFF929" box="[1304,1354,1693,1717]" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">type</typeStatus>
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genus:
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<taxonomicName id="4C374D535D6F20694AF0F921FE1DF945" authority="Saussure, 1887" authorityName="Saussure" authorityYear="1887" box="[151,488,1729,1753]" class="Insecta" family="Pamphagidae" genus="Tropidauchen" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B943EAC25D6F20694AF0F921FEC7F945" box="[151,306,1729,1753]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">Tropidauchen</emphasis>
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Saussure, 1887
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</taxonomicName>
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), and
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<taxonomicName id="4C374D535D6F2069484AF921FD43F945" box="[557,694,1729,1753]" class="Insecta" family="Pamphagidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Orchaminae">Orchaminae</taxonomicName>
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Zhang, Yin et Yin, 2003 (
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<typeStatus id="548C88725D6F20694986F921FBE6F945" box="[993,1043,1729,1753]" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">type</typeStatus>
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genus:
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<taxonomicName id="4C374D535D6F20694E0AF921FAA9F945" authority="Stal, 1876" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1876" box="[1133,1372,1729,1753]" class="Insecta" family="Pamphagidae" genus="Orchamus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B943EAC25D6F20694E0AF921FB14F945" box="[1133,1249,1729,1753]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">Orchamus</emphasis>
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Stål, 1876
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</taxonomicName>
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). The reduction of tympanal organ in apterous species takes place in different groups of grasshoppers and is not used as a taxonomic character for separating of tribes or subfamilies. The shape of antennae in Acridoidea has no taxonomic value in separating of families and subfamilies. Therefore four subfamilies are synonymized under two tribes of subfamily
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<taxonomicName id="4C374D535D6F20694B69F8B1FE5DF8F5" box="[270,424,1873,1897]" class="Insecta" family="Pamphagidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pamphaginae">Pamphaginae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8836D05D6F206A4AA2F895FC47FEF8" blockId="1.[151,1437,1333,2005]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1436,151,644]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">
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The presence of Krauss’ organ is one of the main apomorphic characters separating
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<taxonomicName id="4C374D535D6F20694EE3F895FAEEF811" box="[1156,1307,1909,1933]" class="Insecta" family="Pamphagidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pamphagidae</taxonomicName>
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from other families of Acridoidea, wherefore the secondary reduction of this organ seems more important for dividing
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<taxonomicName id="4C374D535D6F20694AF0F85DFEDBF849" box="[151,302,1981,2005]" class="Insecta" family="Pamphagidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pamphagidae</taxonomicName>
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in subfamilies and tribes. But the most important is the structure of male genitalia. In this respect genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C374D535D6C206A4AB8FF78FE93FF2C" box="[223,358,152,176]" class="Insecta" family="Pamphagidae" genus="Haplotropis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B943EAC25D6C206A4AB8FF78FE93FF2C" box="[223,358,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Haplotropis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is quite differs from all known
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D535D6C206A48A2FF77FCAAFF33" box="[709,863,151,175]" class="Insecta" family="Pamphagidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pamphaginae">Pamphaginae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in which the epiphallus is strongly shield-like, and the apical valves of penis relatively long. By the S-shaped second anal vein in hind wing and by the relatively short apical valves of penis
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D535D6C206A4BEDFF00FDF8FF64" box="[394,525,224,248]" class="Insecta" family="Pamphagidae" genus="Haplotropis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAC25D6C206A4BEDFF00FDF8FF64" box="[394,525,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Haplotropis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
similar with the subfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D535D6C206A495BFF3FFBD2FF6B" authority="Stal, 1876" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1876" box="[828,1063,223,247]" class="Insecta" family="Pamphagidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Trinchinae">Trinchinae Stål, 1876</taxonomicName>
|
||
(=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D535D6C206A4E29FF3FFA90FF6B" authority="Bolivar, 1916" authorityName="Bolivar" authorityYear="1916" box="[1102,1381,223,247]" class="Insecta" family="Pamphagidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Akicerinae">Akicerinae Bolivar, 1916</taxonomicName>
|
||
), but well distinguished from the latter by the structure of fastigium of vertex (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA64B215D6C206A49BEFEE5FB87FE80" author="Uvarov" box="[985,1138,260,284]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" refString="Uvarov, B. P. (1943) The tribe Trinchini of the subfamily Pamphaginae, and the interrelations of the acridid subfamilies (Orthoptera). Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 93, 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="1943">Uvarov, 1943</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: figs. 1
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAC25D6C206A4ED8FEE5FB38FE80" box="[1215,1229,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">–</emphasis>
|
||
8), by presents of a few tubercules on the upper side of mid tibiae near the base only, and by arch-like median keel of pronotum usually not cut by furrows, and undoubtedly belongs to subfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D535D6C206A4970FEACFC5BFEF8" box="[791,942,332,356]" class="Insecta" family="Pamphagidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pamphaginae">Pamphaginae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8836D05D6C206A4AA2FE90FAE6FDA0" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,644]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D535D6C206A4AA2FE90FEB9FE14" box="[197,332,368,392]" class="Insecta" family="Pamphagidae" genus="Haplotropis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAC25D6C206A4AA2FE90FEB9FE14" box="[197,332,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Haplotropis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
seems to be one of the most primitive members of subfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D535D6C206A4E61FE8FFB55FE1B" box="[1030,1184,367,391]" class="Insecta" family="Pamphagidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pamphaginae">Pamphaginae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. First at all, it inhabits the steppe-forest zone; even other Pamphadinae specialize on living in the desert or semi-desert conditions. Frontal ridge in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D535D6C206A4A90FE58FE88FE4C" box="[247,381,440,464]" class="Insecta" family="Pamphagidae" genus="Haplotropis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAC25D6C206A4A90FE58FE88FE4C" box="[247,381,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Haplotropis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is relatively wide and smooth, rarely with weak sulcus above median occelus; even in other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D535D6C206A4AF0FE3CFEDBFE68" box="[151,302,476,500]" class="Insecta" family="Pamphagidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pamphaginae">Pamphaginae</taxonomicName>
|
||
frontal ridge is very narrow and deeply sulcate. Moreover, in some aspects this genus is similar with subfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D535D6C206A4B76FE1FFE7CFD8B" box="[273,393,511,535]" class="Insecta" family="Pamphagidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Trinchinae">Trinchinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(especially in venation of hind wings); even semi-bridge epiphallus is also present in the African
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D535D6C206A4A94FDC4FE54FDA0" box="[243,417,548,572]" class="Insecta" family="Pamphagidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Echinotropinae">Echinotropinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but in the latter subfamily Krauss’ organ is absent and the head is specialized.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8836D05D6C206A4AA2FDA7FDFFFD18" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,644]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">
|
||
Thus, only three tribes are well recognizable in the subfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D535D6C206A4913FDA7FBF9FDC3" box="[884,1036,583,607]" class="Insecta" family="Pamphagidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pamphaginae">Pamphaginae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The differential diagnoses of these tribes are given in the key below.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |