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189 lines
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.799.25843" ID-GBIF-Dataset="814f7eb8-bb51-4301-ad5d-f32ae874874c" ID-PMC="PMC6281703" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-799-21" ID-PubMed="30532616" ID-ZBK="804EEC5868CE445D98F22B4DFDBE2AC8" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2018" ModsDocID="1313-2970-799-21" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 799" ModsDocTitle="Taxonomy of myid bivalves from fragmented brackish-water habitats in India, with a description of a new genus Indosphenia (Myidae, Myoidea, Myidae)" checkinTime="1543455905774" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Oliver, P. Graham, Hallan, Anders, Jayachandran, P. R., Joseph, Philomina, V. F. Sanu, & Nandan, S. Bijoy" docDate="2018" docId="21EF1F745A6F476B6895C62DEF3291F7" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 799: 21-46" docOrigin="ZooKeys 799" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.799.25843" docTitle="Indosphenia kayalum Oliver, Hallan & Jayachandran, gen. n. et, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="1AA6C5B9-A1B4-4671-A138-84AE3A7A181B" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="39" masterDocId="BF51FFE2AC69E5145B45FF8104589368" masterDocTitle="Taxonomy of myid bivalves from fragmented brackish-water habitats in India, with a description of a new genus Indosphenia (Myidae, Myoidea, Myidae)" masterLastPageNumber="46" masterPageNumber="21" originalUpdateDomain="Boston" originalUpdateTime="1543455905774" originalUpdateUser="pensoft" pageNumber="37" updateTime="1668166463242" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Taxonomy of myid bivalves from fragmented brackish-water habitats in India, with a description of a new genus Indosphenia (Myidae, Myoidea, Myidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Oliver, P. Graham</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Hallan, Anders</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Jayachandran, P. R.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Joseph, Philomina</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>V. F. Sanu,</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Nandan, S. Bijoy</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>799</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>21</mods:start>
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<mods:end>46</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.799.25843</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.799.25843</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-799-21</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">804EEC5868CE445D98F22B4DFDBE2AC8</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">804EEC5868CE445D98F22B4DFDBE2AC8</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="149831376" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:1AA6C5B9-A1B4-4671-A138-84AE3A7A181B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/21EF1F745A6F476B6895C62DEF3291F7" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">
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<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="37" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="37">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/1AA6C5B9-A1B4-4671-A138-84AE3A7A181B" authority="Oliver, Hallan & Jayachandran, gen. n. et" class="Bivalvia" family="Myidae" genus="Indosphenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Indosphenia kayalum" order="Myida" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="kayalum">Indosphenia kayalum Oliver, Hallan & Jayachandran, gen. n. et</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="16" pageNumber="37">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="37" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="37">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="37">
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Holotype (Fig. 10
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<normalizedToken originalValue="a–c">a-c</normalizedToken>
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), 1 specimen in 70% ethanol, Length = 7.6 mm. Anterior length = 3.4 mm, Height = 5.4 mm, Tumidity = 3.6 mm. Ezhupunna region of Cochin Backwater, Vembanad Lake
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="9.845528">9°50'43.9"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="76.28811">76°17'17.2"E</geoCoordinate>
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. Coll. Philomina Joseph, 3 March 2016. ZSI M-31827/8. Paratypes 20 specimens, as holotype, ZSI M-31828/8. Voucher specimens associated with GenBank sequences MH644188-644191, as holotype, ZSI M-31829/8 to M-31833/8
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="16" pageNumber="37">
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<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="37">
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Figure 10. Specimens of
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<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Myidae" genus="Indosphenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Indosphenia kayalum" order="Myida" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="kayalum">Indosphenia kayalum</taxonomicName>
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.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="a–c">a-c</normalizedToken>
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holotype
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<normalizedToken originalValue="d–i">d-i</normalizedToken>
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paratypes showing size series and variations j, k interior and exterior of cleaned shells.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="17" pageNumber="38" type="type locality">
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<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="38">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="17" pageNumber="38" start="start">Type</pageBreakToken>
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Locality.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="38">
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Ezhupunna region of Cochin Backwater, Vembanad Lake
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="9.845528">9°50'43.9"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="76.28811">76°17'17.2"E</geoCoordinate>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="38">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">
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Shell (Fig. 10
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<normalizedToken originalValue="a–k">a-k</normalizedToken>
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) small, to 8.2 mm in length, thin, translucent, fragile, slightly inequivalve - left valve slightly smaller and overlapped by right valve, tumid across umbonal region (length/tumidity ratio = 2.26 but variable, some specimens more tumid, some much less, range from 1.8 to 2.6. Outline inequilateral, beaks slightly in front of midline with average ratio of posterior length/anterior length = 1.25, but variable due to degree of posterior extension, more equilateral in small shells; overall subovate, broadly rounded anteriorly, narrowed posteriorly, sub-rostrate. Poorly defined weak ridge demarcates narrow posterior dorsal area, best seen in juveniles. Sculpture of commarginal growth lines and weak (but raised) threads. Prodissoconch (Fig. 9d) small P1 (55
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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) much larger P2 (145
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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); P1 with punctate micro sculpture, P2 with commarginal ridges. Hinge myid with chondrophore in left valve.
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<pageBreakToken pageId="18" pageNumber="39" start="start">Chondrophore</pageBreakToken>
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projecting, laminar (Figs 3d, 7
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<normalizedToken originalValue="j–k">j-k</normalizedToken>
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), with shallow triangular depression in front; ligament attachment in narrow, deep groove, extending over anterior part of chondrophore; ligament separated from posterior flange by weak ridge. Chondrophore extending posteriorly as narrow flange, with median flexure; posterior rounded and outer face slightly sinuous in juveniles (Fig, 7j), rounded in adults (Fig. 7k). Right valve (Fig. 3d, 7
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<normalizedToken originalValue="l–m">l-m</normalizedToken>
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) with resilifer, depressed subumbonally accommodating left valve chondrophore. Anteriorly small projecting pseudo- tooth appears as extension of anterior margin. Muscle scars poorly defined; anterior adductor scar elongate, placed medially on anterior face; posterior adductor scar subcircular, close to dorsal margin. Pallial sinus (Fig. 10j, k) shallow depression, more sinusoidal than U- shaped.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="39">
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Anatomy (Fig. 11
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<normalizedToken originalValue="a–d">a-d</normalizedToken>
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). Adductor muscles proportionately not large; posterior rounded in section, with posterior pedal retractor inserted immediately to its dorsal; anterior adductor muscle elongate, with anterior pedal retractor inserted at its dorsal edge. Mantle thin, distinctly patterned with brown radiating spots (Fig. 11a) visible through thin shell. Margins of mantle mostly fused, small anterior-ventral pedal gape present. Siphons (Fig. 11c, d) fused, rather short, with outer ring of 12-14 tentacles surrounding both inhalant and exhalant apertures; exhalent aperture with simple retractile tube, while inhalant aperture has inner ring of ten tentacles, the anterior-most larger and dull orange in colour. Foot small, distinct heel producing fine, multi-threaded byssus. Gills (Fig. 11b) large, inner and outer demibranchs present, fully reflexed; those of outer demibranch reflected dorsally. Labial palps very small with few sorting ridges. Only detail of alimentary canal readily observable is large style sac penetrating deep into posterior of foot.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="18" pageNumber="39">
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="39">
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Figure 11.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="a–d">a-d</normalizedToken>
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Gross anatomy of
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<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Myidae" genus="Indosphenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Indosphenia kayalum" order="Myida" pageId="18" pageNumber="39" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="kayalum">Indosphenia kayalum</taxonomicName>
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a left side after removal of the shell b left side after removal of shell and mantle c exterior view of the siphonal apertures d interior view of the siphonal apertures e Gross anatomy of
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<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Myidae" genus="Sphenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphenia binghami" order="Myida" pageId="18" pageNumber="39" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="binghami">Sphenia binghami</taxonomicName>
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from the left side after removal of the shell and anterior mantle. Abbreviations: aa, anterior adductor muscle. exh, exhalant siphon. ft, foot. id, inner demibranch. inh, inhalant siphon. irt, inner ring of tentacles. lp, labial palps. od, outer demibranch. ort, outer ring of tentacles. pa, posterior adductor muscle. per, periostracum. pg, pedal gape. ppr, posterior pedal retractor muscle. rod, reflected portion of outer demibranch. sph, siphons. sphm, siphonal muscles.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="39" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="39">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="39">
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The specific name
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<taxonomicName genus="Myoidea" lsidName="Myoidea kayalum" pageId="18" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="kayalum">kayalum</taxonomicName>
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is from
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“kayal”">"kayal"</normalizedToken>
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the Malayalam (South Indian language) name for the backwaters of Kerala state in which this species lives. The name is intended as a noun in apposition.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="39" type="habitat">
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="39">Habitat.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="39">
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The specimens were found attached to the filamentous alga
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<taxonomicName class="Chlorophyceae" family="Microsporaceae" genus="Microspora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Microspora" order="Sphaeropleales" pageId="18" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="genus">Microspora</taxonomicName>
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sp. that was growing on wooden poles in the shallow (1 m) channel in the backwater. The bottom substrate consisted of silty-sand and the measured salinity was 5‰ (oligohaline). Occurring with
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<taxonomicName lsidName="I. kayalum" pageId="18" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="kayalum">I. kayalum</taxonomicName>
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were the bivalves
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<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Dreissenidae" genus="Mytilopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mytilopsis sallei" order="Myida" pageId="18" pageNumber="39" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sallei">Mytilopsis sallei</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Mytilidae" genus="Arcuatula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Arcuatula" order="Mytilida" pageId="18" pageNumber="39" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Arcuatula</taxonomicName>
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along with a large number of amphipods and polychaetes.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="39" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="39">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="39">
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In overall shell shape,
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<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Myidae" genus="Indosphenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Indosphenia kayalum" order="Myida" pageId="18" pageNumber="39" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="kayalum">Indosphenia kayalum</taxonomicName>
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is most similar to the typical form of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="I. abbreviata" pageId="18" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="abbreviata">I. abbreviata</taxonomicName>
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, but it differs in being less tumid and with a less well-defined rostrate posterior end on which the carina is weak to obsolete. Prodissococh 2 in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="I. abbreviata" pageId="18" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="abbreviata">I. abbreviata</taxonomicName>
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has radial lines, whereas in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="I. kayalum" pageId="18" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="kayalum">I. kayalum</taxonomicName>
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P2 has only commarginal lines. In size, the prodissoconchs are similar, as is also the punctate sculpture of P1.
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<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Myidae" genus="Indosphenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Indosphenia sowerbyi" order="Myida" pageId="18" pageNumber="39" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sowerbyi">Indosphenia sowerbyi</taxonomicName>
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is much larger, and more robust, such that the sculpture is of commarginal raised ridges, especially over the posterior area. In outline,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="I. sowerbyi" pageId="18" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="sowerbyi">I. sowerbyi</taxonomicName>
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is more tumid, less deep and the beaks are behind the midline. The sculpture of the larval shells is the same.
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<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Myidae" genus="Indosphenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Indosphenia cochinensis" order="Myida" pageId="18" pageNumber="39" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cochinensis">Indosphenia cochinensis</taxonomicName>
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has a heavier shell that is rather narrow, it has very prominent ridges, and is distinctly rostrate posteriorly.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |