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<mods:title id="36A2D163177B23D3C1F69AE134271A34">Diversity and taxonomy of Vietnamese Pollicaria (Gastropoda, Pupinidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8AACAB13D9573B82AECC97D4A2BD73E3">Minton, Russell L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E8C0A660C971F89AAD43B0A84E5A3586">North, Ernest</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="271D73A1F40B6C870D79D4B827CEA618">Tu, Do Van</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="216FB7C8C78500B9544F890CF27C35AA" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127898294" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:216FB7C8C78500B9544F890CF27C35AA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/216FB7C8C78500B9544F890CF27C35AA" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="102" pageId="4" pageNumber="99">
<subSubSection id="D71C372492E7044C43FDA70932D2FB6E" pageId="4" pageNumber="99" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="6912A4B0A1D4A92853B8DCB450072173" pageId="4" pageNumber="99">
<taxonomicName id="A7B1E77AC37EA885C70F9FABC699CF1B" authority="Mabille, 1887" authorityName="Mabille" authorityYear="1887" class="Gastropoda" family="Pupinidae" genus="Pollicaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pollicaria rochebruni" order="Mesogastropoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="99" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rochebruni">Pollicaria rochebruni (Mabille, 1887)</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="BE22559836BD212DC1817C9BCE4E4724" pageId="4" pageNumber="99" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="4F54591EA4CAAE1C835944241B3B92D9" pageId="4" pageNumber="99">
<taxonomicName id="DF00976C8D728D4E4647F6072DAC9ED7" class="Gastropoda" family="Pupinidae" genus="Hybocystis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hybocystis rochebruni" order="Mesogastropoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="99" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rochebruni">Hybocystis rochebruni</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="A2E8EA9E68F00F0E13796175DE635542" author="Mabille, MJ" journalOrPublisher="Masson, Meulan" pageId="7" pageNumber="102" title="Molluscorum Tonkinorum diagnoses. Imprime par A." year="1887 a">Mabille 1887a</bibRefCitation>
:12;
<bibRefCitation id="9ED210BD0C00F6D66C71CA028E37F3E5" author="Mabille, MJ" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de la Societe Malacologique de France" pageId="7" pageNumber="102" pagination="73 - 164" title="Sur quelques mollusques du Tonkin." url="http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14883892" volume="4" year="1887 b">Mabille 1887b</bibRefCitation>
: 138, pl. 2, figs 12 and 13;
<bibRefCitation id="47A211FC4D30D1CC758F25DA15965246" author="Dautzenberg, P" journalOrPublisher="Journal de Conchyliologie" pageId="7" pageNumber="102" pagination="85 - 234" title="Liste de Mollusques recoltes par M. le Capitaine de Fregate Blaise au Tonkin, et descriptions d'especes nouvelles." url="http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/16292495" volume="53" year="1905">Dautzenberg and Fischer 1905</bibRefCitation>
:171
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C08F8223BCE9F01AF733FBDF44CC3C5E" pageId="4" pageNumber="99">
<taxonomicName id="B9B013109132F15754AE43B92D725269" class="Gastropoda" family="Pupinidae" genus="Pollicaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pollicaria rochebruni" order="Mesogastropoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="99" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rochebruni">Pollicaria rochebruni</taxonomicName>
- Kobelt 1902: 290;
<bibRefCitation id="E3DDE3DC937481841F11BDD7B19BDE92" author="Kongim, B" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="7" pageNumber="102" pagination="19 - 40" title="Taxonomic revision of the Elephant Pupinind snail genus Pollicaria Gould, 1856 (Prosobranchia, Pupinidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.287.4617" volume="287" year="2013">Kongim et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
: 35, figs 5D and 5E
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F594DB36F57A5C9C0827CE24F002DC43" pageId="4" pageNumber="99">
<taxonomicName id="0FA716CFE9F8153982569E48151AC5A0" class="Gastropoda" family="Pupinidae" genus="Hybocystis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hybocystis crossei" order="Mesogastropoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="99" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="crossei">Hybocystis crossei</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="216EE28409AA03D96A4FCA23986AB020" author="Dautzenberg, P" journalOrPublisher="Journal de Conchyliologie" pageId="7" pageNumber="102" pagination="213 - 225" title="Description ďEspeces nouvelles du Tonkin et observations sur quelques autres Mollusques de la meme region." url="http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15921460" volume="35" year="1887">
Dautzenberg and
<normalizedToken id="EBC5BF6F0BC5752A894FC6FADAA6EB56" originalValue="d’Hamonville">d'Hamonville</normalizedToken>
1887
</bibRefCitation>
: 220, pl. 8, fig. 4; Kobelt and
<normalizedToken id="DC64898CEDC2BCBBE69C3DA8EDA2377E" originalValue="Möllendorf">Moellendorf</normalizedToken>
1899: 137; Kobelt 1902: 290;
<bibRefCitation id="EDCC1FA2094F672091AB53542167E884" author="Dautzenberg, P" journalOrPublisher="Journal de Conchyliologie" pageId="7" pageNumber="102" pagination="85 - 234" title="Liste de Mollusques recoltes par M. le Capitaine de Fregate Blaise au Tonkin, et descriptions d'especes nouvelles." url="http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/16292495" volume="53" year="1905">Dautzenberg and Fischer 1905</bibRefCitation>
:171
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EC01FC293A8356BD54820D1F12630B0F" pageId="4" pageNumber="99">
<taxonomicName id="BAD25B7B0019C178C6333C71A91A4D48" class="Gastropoda" family="Pupinidae" genus="Pollicaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pollicaria crossei" order="Mesogastropoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="99" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="crossei">Pollicaria crossei</taxonomicName>
-
<bibRefCitation id="88519772532E1C48D2CD1D9D935874F2" author="Kongim, B" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="7" pageNumber="102" pagination="19 - 40" title="Taxonomic revision of the Elephant Pupinind snail genus Pollicaria Gould, 1856 (Prosobranchia, Pupinidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.287.4617" volume="287" year="2013">Kongim et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
: 37, fig. 5F
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C3374C3C22C895C59B8793370AC2A0D1" pageId="4" pageNumber="99">
<taxonomicName id="D6BA2F454AA1D4341A027D2177709D67" class="Gastropoda" family="Pupinidae" genus="Hybocystis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hybocystis gravida" order="Mesogastropoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="99" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gravida">Hybocystis gravida</taxonomicName>
-
<bibRefCitation id="A6C91FA35CDA2051989C0C66C90F600C" author="Pain, T" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Conchology" pageId="7" pageNumber="102" pagination="173 - 178" title="The land operculate genus Pollicaria Gould (Gastropoda), a systematic revision." volume="28" year="1974">Pain 1974</bibRefCitation>
: 174.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="62E99F448F461A2270D04847B4C13073" pageId="4" pageNumber="99">
<taxonomicName id="39FE2C85D4B2934B0CDD95ACA260BE8D" class="Gastropoda" family="Pupinidae" genus="Pollicaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pollicaria gravida" order="Mesogastropoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="99" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gravida">Pollicaria gravida</taxonomicName>
-
<bibRefCitation id="8107D402980D8E2135516DD2D9D44949" author="Kongim, B" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Studies" pageId="7" pageNumber="102" pagination="125 - 131" title="Karyotype variations in the genus Pollicaria (Caenogastropoda: Pupinidae)." url="http://zoolstud.sinica.edu.tw/Journals/49.1/125.pdf" volume="49" year="2010">Kongim et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
: 127 (&quot;big brown shell&quot;)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B3CFCEFCF19C8E5192E41D3BC13CE376" pageId="4" pageNumber="99" type="type designation and locality">
<paragraph id="3BC81A1F18BC46864F3C5FB46D07093E" pageId="4" pageNumber="99">Type Designation and locality.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="197BE228A30EFDC5A1CEC52D90DBEC17" pageId="4" pageNumber="99">
Lectotype MNHN 21305, Tonkin. Paralectotypes MNHN 25855, Tonkin (
<bibRefCitation id="3E75EA17B671C38639DD79FE58847DBC" author="Kongim, B" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="7" pageNumber="102" pagination="19 - 40" title="Taxonomic revision of the Elephant Pupinind snail genus Pollicaria Gould, 1856 (Prosobranchia, Pupinidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.287.4617" volume="287" year="2013">Kongim et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0254155F975E32D191A4410454877061" pageId="4" pageNumber="99" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="36581E36B9FC7FC5AC8B7A6DFE04E9C8" pageId="4" pageNumber="99">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="807BC9158F053084095DA81C2AD46A3F" pageId="4" pageNumber="99">
All material from Vietnam / Tonkin Province. The number in parentheses is the number of shells from each lot assigned to the species. Locality names have been corrected wherever possible. - CM 155301, south of QL279, Thẩm
<normalizedToken id="768FAC5E981F36A461AB4B6BF36D8DC8" originalValue="Dương">Dương</normalizedToken>
,
<normalizedToken id="0B35F872762DA1D7B69306EBFB1ABD3D" originalValue="Văn">Văn</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="5ABBA2F308149A5D8FD30557EDFF9CBF" originalValue="Bàn">Ban</normalizedToken>
District, Lao Cai (7); CM 155302,
<normalizedToken id="5254E0614D1C4DDB17BC4F8D06F389CE" originalValue="Vư">Vư</normalizedToken>
ờn quốc gia
<normalizedToken id="7CF2DACBF72832A4EAC8EBEDE4C3B319" originalValue="Cúc">Cuc</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="E95B6B5DFDC413F37F411755D70DE950" originalValue="Phương">Phương</normalizedToken>
, Lạc
<normalizedToken id="E5AB8F105AFEE7940EF9F9C9495181D4" originalValue="Sơn">Sơn</normalizedToken>
District,
<normalizedToken id="F96DA77CEB008DE18BF507B165558C4F" originalValue="Hòa">Hoa</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="C72ED8D2A76DDD2D692B80C945C0DC30" originalValue="Bình">Binh</normalizedToken>
(3); CM 155303, south of QL279, Thẩm
<normalizedToken id="BE9715F7B7859995403BBDAD5200A707" originalValue="Dương">Dương</normalizedToken>
,
<normalizedToken id="C80AABC60E0D3A2D9D2E3D0B9C77B8CD" originalValue="Văn">Văn</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="52C45C738DF69C96793BA1795BDE7F06" originalValue="Bàn">Ban</normalizedToken>
District, Lao Cai (7); CM 155304, limestone mountain at bridge into Tan Moui, near intersection of QL279 and DT234B, southwest of Chi
<normalizedToken id="6E835C10EECF07F82D8B10EFD9016BD1" originalValue="Lăng">Lăng</normalizedToken>
, Lạng
<normalizedToken id="D9AEBF3ED9F6205EE70CA6E669AA71D2" originalValue="Sơn">Sơn</normalizedToken>
(6); CM 155305, ca. 60 m north of the intersection of QL1A and DT234B, Chi
<normalizedToken id="2D042CFBF98DAB78E438EA1951DF9A0A" originalValue="Lăng">Lăng</normalizedToken>
, Lạng
<normalizedToken id="8DCEE495F23847C005EE76EBA45CF489" originalValue="Sơn">Sơn</normalizedToken>
(6); CM 155306, limestone mountain off QL279 at H9/155 road marker, ca. 1.1 km southwest of Dong Mo and 0.9 km southwest of Chi
<normalizedToken id="8F9468C3809A77007C494F737B57650C" originalValue="Lăng">Lăng</normalizedToken>
, Lạng
<normalizedToken id="2E5560E233959D4598798227227F0C7F" originalValue="Sơn">Sơn</normalizedToken>
(1); CM 155307,
<normalizedToken id="0A4681537C55D52B0CA418310B495059" originalValue="Công">Cong</normalizedToken>
An huyện Cao Phong at QL6, Cao Phong,
<normalizedToken id="4E158C000D18BA9422CC7C62A47CC0E8" originalValue="Hòa">Hoa</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="E8ABBA06BFBE8CC1B3B2CBD06E015F7C" originalValue="Bình">Binh</normalizedToken>
(15); FLMNH 130259, Thất
<normalizedToken id="037A1F7E7D1848D0E6C5C110E1F50573" originalValue="Khê">Khe</normalizedToken>
(4); FLMNH 130265, Phu Ly (3); FLMNH 130623,
<normalizedToken id="DE45DA6EDE039D9A040F2B1A0C06ED30" originalValue="Thái">Thai</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="79771DDF7F41D9FBE12D20D0E80D9DF0" originalValue="Nguyên">Nguyen</normalizedToken>
(1); FLMNH 130258, Bắc Kạn (3); FLMNH 130261,
<normalizedToken id="B7F56A124116367BB2416228E0EFBB83" originalValue="Thái">Thai</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="E17B82DDEBAD1B5947EF97F508C27AEF" originalValue="Nguyên">Nguyen</normalizedToken>
(3); FLMNH 130262,
<normalizedToken id="AE75F52EF13E43FE03626361E334BCF2" originalValue="Thái">Thai</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="46653CAC46F4E0D009476DFEDB3B0F66" originalValue="Nguyên">Nguyen</normalizedToken>
(3); FLMNH 130624, Phi Mi (1); FLMNH 130260,
<normalizedToken id="D9C3DA7D8DA6186F7CDBEB82BD011690" originalValue="Thái">Thai</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="C06EEE39033C894CCBF43E22CD1C1F4E" originalValue="Nguyên">Nguyen</normalizedToken>
(2); FLMNH 130268 (1); FLMNH 243794,
<normalizedToken id="459421F2F5F3ACB15510AE995605DB28" originalValue="Thái">Thai</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="8A26FA6EB24E3C20F06B68CAC4D68749" originalValue="Nguyên">Nguyen</normalizedToken>
(2); FLMNH 271764, Ninh
<normalizedToken id="26CADC7E24D6FA2025142E0CAE47FF5C" originalValue="Bình">Binh</normalizedToken>
Province,
<normalizedToken id="765B5877A8A47F68130A6E1854FA7D44" originalValue="Cúc">Cuc</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="B1E18CD5BB9BED715B5AB79A89F906C9" originalValue="Phương">Phương</normalizedToken>
National Park, path to fairy cave, primary forest (1); FLMNH 164619,
<normalizedToken id="4715B0FE917FA76B8F47B167008BCA15" originalValue="Thái">Thai</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="12651929BEBC7295EF6A0D5B6E43EA28" originalValue="Nguyên">Nguyen</normalizedToken>
(2); FLMNH 164620, Gia Phu (2); FLMNH 164621, Pak-Kha (2); FLMNH 164622, Thất
<normalizedToken id="657F446F73FA9EFC83E525CF10527C21" originalValue="Khê">Khe</normalizedToken>
(3); FLMNH 164623, Chợ
<normalizedToken id="0360C5F30375199CD68E36C46F20B674" originalValue="Rã">Ra</normalizedToken>
(4); FLMNH 130267 (2); FLMNH 242525 (2); FLMNH 192609, Thất
<normalizedToken id="7AE01A3EA91588E1D82463A2792B92FD" originalValue="Khê">Khe</normalizedToken>
(6); FLMNH 130266 (1); MCZ 180001, vicinity of Lake Ba Bể (2); MCZ 180002 (2); MCZ 180003, Thất
<normalizedToken id="88D0B9B0CE52D496B988FAA84E256503" originalValue="Khê">Khe</normalizedToken>
(2); MCZ 180004, vicinity of Lake Ba Bể (3); MCZ 180005,
<normalizedToken id="6A8AF92342CFBA2DC1F5A6F5535C240F" originalValue="Thái">Thai</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="4A1889A622C74E746B43823C6A5C6CB3" originalValue="Nguyên">Nguyen</normalizedToken>
(1); MCZ 180006,
<normalizedToken id="2CCCA86164338DA74D29371B62E37830" originalValue="Thái">Thai</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="0D6F4FA343BC5AECA085A515010F8C03" originalValue="Nguyên">Nguyen</normalizedToken>
(4); MCZ 180007, Pak-Kha (4); MCZ 180008, Bảo Lạc (2); MCZ 180009, Pak-Kha (1); MCZ 197272, Pak-Kha (4); MCZ 380546 (1); USNM 207972,
<normalizedToken id="0AE3FA060A6B902D63A7B72E30CEA251" originalValue="Lào">Lao</normalizedToken>
Cai (1); USNM 207973,
<normalizedToken id="D456C8C4E522FF5C68A05E2F3F9E4C3B" originalValue="Lào">Lao</normalizedToken>
Cai (1); USNM 207974, Chợ
<normalizedToken id="BBEF1E2AC6D48613D699DF8A35840F17" originalValue="Rã">Ra</normalizedToken>
(1); USNM 207975, Bắc Kạn (1); USNM 207976, Chợ
<normalizedToken id="1907FD318E8594A6E725E9E9A651BD8A" originalValue="Rã">Ra</normalizedToken>
(1); USNM 207977, Chợ
<normalizedToken id="E2E2BF37EA0DC986E8A3205594208D85" originalValue="Rã">Ra</normalizedToken>
(1); USNM 207978, Muong (1); USNM 207979, Muong (1); USNM 207980,
<normalizedToken id="ACEAF0E3AE9E821ACE970D0D3C27EC2B" originalValue="Vân">Van</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="6D746727A00C81EED912ACFCE6BD5096" originalValue="Sơn">Sơn</normalizedToken>
(1); USNM 207981,
<normalizedToken id="B804DD66DFE211511C1804D013AD8E83" originalValue="Vân">Van</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="5415ADC57D2E3450F00E70BA9BCA69E3" originalValue="Sơn">Sơn</normalizedToken>
(1); USNM 220045, Ba Bể (3); USNM 335963, Bắc Kạn (2).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E708264D85662279D18920BC0AEBA87A" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="100" pageId="4" pageNumber="99" type="literature records">
<paragraph id="B5B9B2C9F9A3BD108E59E2708806635B" pageId="4" pageNumber="99">Literature records</paragraph>
<paragraph id="255868F60C0772C8ED3DB62920936A9A" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="100" pageId="4" pageNumber="99">
(not examined). All from Vietnam, taken from
<bibRefCitation id="6EE812C4968DF1AC5C1114A196E55F48" author="Kongim, B" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="7" pageNumber="102" pagination="19 - 40" title="Taxonomic revision of the Elephant Pupinind snail genus Pollicaria Gould, 1856 (Prosobranchia, Pupinidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.287.4617" volume="287" year="2013">Kongim et al. (2013)</bibRefCitation>
. CUMZ 1523, Phong Na
<pageBreakToken id="334A6DD7BB97A43186647DF50DA5ED49" pageId="5" pageNumber="100" start="start">National</pageBreakToken>
Park, Quảng
<normalizedToken id="596A7498DE1ADB1594249FD1A0CA6C4A" originalValue="Bình">Binh</normalizedToken>
; CUMZ 1532,
<normalizedToken id="3ADDAFF5FC482CB18BCE6C15645D3D48" originalValue="Cúc">Cuc</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="68B5AC6EACEF4D3F803A001E5F95FEA5" originalValue="Phương">Phương</normalizedToken>
National Park, Ninh
<normalizedToken id="737F4FEE6DBE4077AEC9FB6533846D7F" originalValue="Bình">Binh</normalizedToken>
; CUMZ 1539, Phong Na National Park, Quảng
<normalizedToken id="D86F93B56F80C99A2D9386374C28C94D" originalValue="Bình">Binh</normalizedToken>
; CUMZ 1552, Phong Na National Park, Quảng
<normalizedToken id="E03DBE81D78D69CA8EE686504E96C1C6" originalValue="Bình">Binh</normalizedToken>
; CUMZ 1556, Bạch
<normalizedToken id="398CAFD370F1DDC4ACD2650DAB6CECAF" originalValue="Mã">Ma</normalizedToken>
National Park; CUMZ 1568, Phong Na National Park, Quảng
<normalizedToken id="37D6CD5B4665BBF9A5B11852EE868484" originalValue="Bình">Binh</normalizedToken>
; CUMZ 1568,
<normalizedToken id="DFD6638ADE00141352B95F06A4F37110" originalValue="Cúc">Cuc</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="2A7C8A440FB730D8C18C623CF236DAE3" originalValue="Phương">Phương</normalizedToken>
National Park, Ninh
<normalizedToken id="2762DEBBAF95DD7479D62BFD2DC4CAAC" originalValue="Bình">Binh</normalizedToken>
; CUMZ 1573,
<normalizedToken id="E7C4A36684C5CF2697E0A4B521C89579" originalValue="Cúc">Cuc</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="5B0017264654144F05390847C42E16DB" originalValue="Phương">Phương</normalizedToken>
National Park, Ninh
<normalizedToken id="8597148896BAA9EB585103C082EFF9E9" originalValue="Bình">Binh</normalizedToken>
; CUMZ 1587,
<normalizedToken id="BBB14A2D372F98682426ECB37C9E9231" originalValue="Cúc">Cuc</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="C8289D56EBB738E0C0ECC3383E430581" originalValue="Phương">Phương</normalizedToken>
National Park, Ninh
<normalizedToken id="29148796C8FC83C0D6C3EF8CDF6CC7A0" originalValue="Bình">Binh</normalizedToken>
; CUMZ 1589, Khe Sen,
<normalizedToken id="CADF80A2E4E689C93360EC599592A8E0" originalValue="Đà">Đa</normalizedToken>
Nẵng; CUMZ 1594, Hữu
<normalizedToken id="EADAC54DA2FE787AB3CF4E9D17B0F89C" originalValue="Liên">Lien</normalizedToken>
Nature preserve; MNHN 21304, Than Moi, Tonkin; RBINS 525390, Than Moi, Tonkin.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="606EF2D8C6606375FCCC34EF6A8E7E9D" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="101" pageId="5" pageNumber="100" type="description">
<paragraph id="FD0250E4563D7BE88F3B8EE51866A99F" pageId="5" pageNumber="100">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="83ABEE280D966550235049468144DB1A" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="101" pageId="5" pageNumber="100">
Pupoid shell, to 45 mm length and 20 mm diameter, color varying from tan to orange, reddish-brown, and dark brown, possibly dark purple. Old specimens are often finely pitted. Whorls 5-7, transverse growth lines present, sutures linear and slightly impressed, apex obtuse and occasionally distorted to the left (assuming standard
<pageBreakToken id="B6B8FE9C3DA8CF3A0FBB95C8DA0DFD4C" pageId="6" pageNumber="101" start="start">anatomical</pageBreakToken>
position), spire short. Penultimate body whorl may appear inflated relative to whorls on either side. Aperture circular with a right posterior triangular breathing structure. Peristome thickened, white to shell colored, with a thin parietal declining shoulder inside; umbilicus narrow. Operculum concentric, thick, and calcareous.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="156901E44811E2CB4594CE3718441CC9" pageId="6" pageNumber="101">
Radula with teeth in a 2-1-1-1-2 arrangement, based on the figure in
<bibRefCitation id="5BA7B953AF17DAF1D0C500F22B124C3E" author="Kongim, B" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="7" pageNumber="102" pagination="19 - 40" title="Taxonomic revision of the Elephant Pupinind snail genus Pollicaria Gould, 1856 (Prosobranchia, Pupinidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.287.4617" volume="287" year="2013">Kongim et al. (2013</bibRefCitation>
: Figure 6E). Central tooth with three cusps, the middle one longer that the others. Lateral teeth with one large cusp and one smaller cusp on the central side. Marginals with one large central cusp flanked by one smaller cusp on each time.
<bibRefCitation id="B552E7110DB65402786FC6FED0974822" author="Kongim, B" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="7" pageNumber="102" pagination="19 - 40" title="Taxonomic revision of the Elephant Pupinind snail genus Pollicaria Gould, 1856 (Prosobranchia, Pupinidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.287.4617" volume="287" year="2013">Kongim et al. (2013)</bibRefCitation>
described the radula as having more cusps per tooth than illustrated.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8E04676D7075F3B3885714C8A0809B40" pageId="6" pageNumber="101" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="26617546C7F94A7D0C51F68424E0452C" pageId="6" pageNumber="101">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="57EB2AA56E640F6306BB69381A49239B" pageId="6" pageNumber="101">
Northern Vietnam south to
<normalizedToken id="0A540CA2158CCADD4B27DC3B6B307C96" originalValue="Đà">Đa</normalizedToken>
Nẵng (Figure 5). Possibly in Guangxi autonomous region and Yunnan Province, China.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="30528E70F87017176AEEC16030339F9C" pageId="7" pageNumber="102" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="4D54C04BCB53A789E4BD5041E2985FBA" pageId="7" pageNumber="102">
<pageBreakToken id="22151394306608DAB5F338D945E5FFFD" pageId="7" pageNumber="102" start="start">Discussion</pageBreakToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8F052A89DF8E74AE32D9A574DE2110CF" pageId="7" pageNumber="102">
By synonymizing
<taxonomicName id="75416291396CC4E7A6B9CEE9DA5FDDCB" class="Gastropoda" family="Pupinidae" genus="Pollicaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pollicaria rochebruni" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="7" pageNumber="102" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rochebruni">Pollicaria rochebruni</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="7302D43F33D41E75D9F5747C9F4D2931" class="Gastropoda" family="Pupinidae" genus="Pollicaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pollicaria crossei" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="7" pageNumber="102" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="crossei">Pollicaria crossei</taxonomicName>
, we suggest that all
<taxonomicName id="FB38530416A726B8F19AA70301D90BD8" class="Gastropoda" family="Pupinidae" genus="Pollicaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pollicaria" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="7" pageNumber="102" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Pollicaria</taxonomicName>
specimens from Vietnam that possess an interiorly shouldered peristome are a single species, excluding some smaller (&lt;35 mm) individuals with bright orange shells. We found live specimens of
<taxonomicName id="797F5EA7ED13B49F5D804D673FAF880E" class="Gastropoda" family="Pupinidae" genus="Pollicaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pollicaria rochebruni" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="7" pageNumber="102" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rochebruni">Pollicaria rochebruni</taxonomicName>
at the bases of and in the valleys between karst outcrops in northern Vietnam. Reports from local farmers indicated that snails are more abundant during the spring rains, when native residents eat them as a delicacy. Some Chinese shells found for sale on the Internet are consistent morphologically with
<taxonomicName id="C77BCF5B3574107F01942D2E4D14CF78" class="Gastropoda" family="Pupinidae" genus="Pollicaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pollicaria rochebruni" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="7" pageNumber="102" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rochebruni">Pollicaria rochebruni</taxonomicName>
but may represent a separate species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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