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<document id="A334CA6BA42A924D5DA8B51FD8FB239F" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.671.2.1" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14521478" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1734559998260" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Jiménez, Marco M., Iturralde, Gabriel A., Kuethe, J. R., Lapo-González, Nadia, Baquero, Luis E., Vélez-Abarca, Leisberth &amp; Garzón-Suárez, Henry X." docDate="2024" docId="975887CDFB02FFF2F0A5C9C2FA7EFB5B" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.671.2.113-127.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 671 (2)" docSource="https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.671.2.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.13:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="13" docTitle="Ceratostema loucianae Cornejo, G. Tello &amp; Luteyn 2024" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="124" masterDocId="6B61FFB5FB04FFF9F02DCB78FFE0FFAA" masterDocTitle="Ceratostema gualaquizensis (Ericaceae: Vaccinieae), a new species from Ecuador known from previously misidentified specimens and new insights on Ceratostema loucianae" masterLastPageNumber="127" masterPageNumber="113" pageNumber="119" updateTime="1734564507528" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="BD668B2A42449660B6F05646560982E2">Ceratostema gualaquizensis (Ericaceae: Vaccinieae), a new species from Ecuador known from previously misidentified specimens and new insights on Ceratostema loucianae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0F95BFB6FA5B60DB9F86AF8D8392B2B9">Jiménez, Marco M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="26D1F9F80980278A64853A5113FC615E">Grupo Científico Calaway Dodson: Investigación y Conservación de Orquídeas del Ecuador, Quito, 170510, Pichincha, Ecuador &amp; Herbario HUTPL, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, San Cayetano Alto s / n 11 - 01 - 608, Loja, Ecuador, Ecuador</mods:affiliation>
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<emphasis id="2D85EAC9FB02FFFFF0A5C9C2FE72FD7F" bold="true" box="[136,402,698,725]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">Ceratostema loucianae</emphasis>
Cornejo, G. Tello &amp; Luteyn
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(
<figureCitation id="87CA2A5EFB02FFFFF2F3C9C2FCABFD7F" box="[734,843,698,725]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 5" captionStart-1="FIGURE 6" captionStart-2="FIGURE 7" captionStartId-0="8.[136,229,1877,1899]" captionStartId-1="9.[136,229,1877,1899]" captionStartId-2="10.[136,229,1866,1888]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,190,1853]" captionTargetBox-1="[155,1432,193,1849]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1436,190,1842]" captionTargetId-0="figure-23@8.[151,1436,190,1853]" captionTargetId-1="figure-19@9.[151,1436,190,1853]" captionTargetId-2="figure-23@10.[151,1436,190,1842]" captionTargetPageId-0="8" captionTargetPageId-1="9" captionTargetPageId-2="10" captionText-0="FIGURE 5. Lankester Composite Dissection Plate (LCDP) of Ceratostema loucianae. A. Fertile branch with a close-up of the trichomes (A1) and base of the inflorescence (A2). B. Adaxial (left) and abaxial (right) views of the leaves with a close-up of the trichomes (B1) and basal leaf venation (B2). C. Flower with part of the pedicel (left) and longitudinal section of the corolla (right). D. Calyx, pedicel, and style with a dorsal view of the limb (D1) and a close-up of the bracteole (D2) and the apex of the calyx lobe (D3). E. Stamens with a close-up of the thecae and pores of the tubule. Elaborated by Nadia Lapo-González based on photographs by Henry X. Garzón-Suárez based on H. Garzón 197." captionText-1="FIGURE 6. Different populations of Ceratostema loucianae in southeastern Ecuador. A–C. Zamora D. Limón. E. Sucúa. F. Santiago de Méndez. Photos by Marco M. Jiménez and Henry X. Garzón-Suárez." captionText-2="FIGURE 7. Species with similar flowers. A. Ceratostema loucianae. B. C. rauhii. C. C. lanigerum. D. C. glans. Photos A, D. by Henry Garzón-Suárez, B. by Werner Rauh, C. by Marco M. Jiménez." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14521492" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14521494" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14521496" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/14521492/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/14521494/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/14521496/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">Figs. 5–7</figureCitation>
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— 
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slopes, 
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, ca. 
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, montane wet forest, 
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&amp; 
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10152
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.
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<subSubSection id="57EB6550FB02FFFFF0A5C816FEEAF787" pageId="6" pageNumber="119" type="description">
<paragraph id="1F4E36DBFB02FFFFF0A5C816FEEAF787" blockId="6.[136,1452,878,2093]" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">
<emphasis id="2D85EAC9FB02FFFFF0A5C816FEF5FC22" bold="true" box="[136,277,878,904]" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">
<emphasis id="2D85EAC9FB02FFFFF0A5C816FEEEFC22" bold="true" box="[136,270,878,904]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">Description</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Pendant epiphytic 
<emphasis id="2D85EAC9FB02FFFFF1D9C816FDDFFC22" box="[500,575,878,904]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">shrubs</emphasis>
; axonomorphous roots with well-developed lignotubers, lignotubers broadly fusiform to globose, 10.0–23.0 × 10.0–24.0 cm in circumference. 
<emphasis id="2D85EAC9FB02FFFFF352C8EBFC20FC07" box="[895,960,915,941]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">Stems</emphasis>
terete to subterete, up to 
<quantity id="D8099B3EFB02FFFFF4C7C8EAFA90FC07" box="[1258,1392,914,941]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.725" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.45" pageId="6" pageNumber="119" unit="cm" value="47.25" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="44.5">44.5–50 cm</quantity>
long arising from the lignotuber, glabrous, slightly arching, the older stems maroon, cracking longitudinally and exfoliating; branches pendant, terete to complanate, filiform, up to 
<quantity id="D8099B3EFB02FFFFF2D8C8A2FCA9FC5F" box="[757,841,986,1013]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="119" unit="cm" value="200.0">200 cm</quantity>
long (and keeps growing continuously), green, striate after exfoliation, villose, trichomes eglandular, 
<quantity id="D8099B3EFB02FFFFF28CC886FCC9FBB3" box="[673,809,1022,1049]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="6" pageNumber="119" unit="mm" value="2.3" valueMax="2.8" valueMin="1.8">1.8–2.8 mm</quantity>
long, light brown, deciduous; axillary buds compressed, emerging up to 
<quantity id="D8099B3EFB02FFFFF16ECF5AFE67FB97" box="[323,391,1058,1085]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="119" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
above the leaf node; bracts 2–3, villose. 
<emphasis id="2D85EAC9FB02FFFFF343CF5BFC5CFB96" box="[878,956,1059,1084]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">Leaves</emphasis>
alternate, spirally arranged, subpendulous, minutely glandular, new leaves salmon in color; petioles subterete, 1.2–1.5 × 2.0– 
<quantity id="D8099B3EFB02FFFFF46ACF3EFB42FBCB" box="[1095,1186,1094,1121]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="119" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
, pale green sometimes suffused with pink, rugose, villose, trichomes to 
<quantity id="D8099B3EFB02FFFFF287CF12FCE0FB2F" box="[682,768,1130,1157]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="119" unit="mm" value="0.4">0.4 mm</quantity>
long; blades ovate to lanceolate, 2.5–6.0 × 
<quantity id="D8099B3EFB02FFFFF4CACF12FA8EFB2F" box="[1255,1390,1130,1157]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" metricValueMax="3.3" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="119" unit="cm" value="2.4" valueMax="3.3" valueMin="1.5">1.5–3.3 cm</quantity>
, dark green adaxially, paler abaxially, somewhat lustrous adaxially, pilose and glabrescent adaxially, villose and scabrid abaxially, canaliculate, thinly-coriaceous, base subcordate to truncate, apex attenuate to long-attenuate, margins slightly revolute, trichomes 
<quantity id="D8099B3EFB02FFFFF147CFAEFE13FB5B" box="[362,499,1238,1265]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="0.4" pageId="6" pageNumber="119" unit="mm" value="1.1" valueMax="1.8" valueMin="0.4">0.4–1.8 mm</quantity>
long; weakly 5–7 plinerved near the base, the midrib impressed in the proximal 
<quantity id="D8099B3EFB02FFFFF5A2CFAEFF54FABF" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="119" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 mm</quantity>
adaxially, raised and conspicuous abaxially, the lateral nerves branching, weakly impressed adaxially and plane abaxially, veinlets slightly raised, finely anastomose adaxially. 
<emphasis id="2D85EAC9FB02FFFFF363CE66FC04FA92" box="[846,996,1310,1336]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">Inflorescence</emphasis>
axillary or supraxillary, congested, 1–2- flowered, very short-pedunculate; peduncle subterete, 
<quantity id="D8099B3EFB02FFFFF2D8CE3AFCD8FAF7" box="[757,824,1346,1373]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="119" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
long, pale green, covered by up to 4 persistent bracts, bracts broadly ovate, small, 0.6–1.1 × 
<quantity id="D8099B3EFB02FFFFF21FCE1EFD5BFA2B" box="[562,699,1382,1409]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="119" unit="mm" value="0.8" valueMax="0.9" valueMin="0.7">0.7–0.9 mm</quantity>
, sparsely villose, apiculate; rachis obconic, very short, 
<quantity id="D8099B3EFB02FFFFF50DCE1EFA8CFA2B" box="[1312,1388,1382,1409]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="119" unit="cm" value="0.1">0.1 cm</quantity>
long, 
<quantity id="D8099B3EFB02FFFFF0A5CEF2FF2AFA0F" box="[136,202,1418,1445]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="119" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
thick, glabrous; floral bracts ovate-triangular, small, 1.0–1.2 × 1.0 mm, pale green, caducous, subacute, long-ciliate to the margin; pedicel subterete, 
<quantity id="D8099B3EFB02FFFFF264CED6FD27FA63" box="[585,711,1454,1481]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="11.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="119" unit="cm" value="0.85" valueMax="1.1" valueMin="0.6">0.6–1.1 cm</quantity>
long, 2.6–3.0 mm thick, pale green suffused with magenta to the apex, mostly straight to slightly incurved, striate, articulate with the calyx, sparsely villose, trichomes to 
<quantity id="D8099B3EFB02FFFFF53BCEAAFA8CFA47" box="[1302,1388,1490,1517]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="6" pageNumber="119" unit="mm" value="1.9">1.9 mm</quantity>
long; bracteoles 2, ovate-triangular, 0.9–1.0 × 
<quantity id="D8099B3EFB02FFFFF266CE8EFD33F9BB" box="[587,723,1526,1553]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="119" unit="mm" value="0.55" valueMax="0.6" valueMin="0.5">0.5–0.6 mm</quantity>
, pale green, flat, minute, located near the base and opposite, apex acuminate, long-ciliate to the margin. 
<emphasis id="2D85EAC9FB02FFFFF202CD62FD6BF99E" box="[559,651,1562,1588]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">Flowers</emphasis>
pentamerous, divergent to pendulous; calyx 4–5.3 × 
<quantity id="D8099B3EFB02FFFFF4F7CD62FA82F99F" box="[1242,1378,1562,1589]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.75" metricValueMax="6.1" metricValueMin="5.4" pageId="6" pageNumber="119" unit="mm" value="5.75" valueMax="6.1" valueMin="5.4">5.4–6.1 mm</quantity>
, green or green suffused with red with white hairs, densely villose, trichomes to 
<quantity id="D8099B3EFB02FFFFF3E9CD46FBFBF9F3" box="[964,1051,1598,1625]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="6" pageNumber="119" unit="mm" value="1.9">1.9 mm</quantity>
long; hypanthium obconic, 2.9–3.5 × ca. 
<quantity id="D8099B3EFB02FFFFF0E7CD1AFEC4F9D7" box="[202,292,1634,1661]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9" pageId="6" pageNumber="119" unit="mm" value="3.9">3.9 mm</quantity>
, truncate, subterete to bluntly 10-costate; limb campanulate, 1.6–3.0 × 
<quantity id="D8099B3EFB02FFFFF47ACD1AFB02F9D7" box="[1111,1250,1634,1661]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1" metricValueMax="5.4" metricValueMin="4.8" pageId="6" pageNumber="119" unit="mm" value="5.1" valueMax="5.4" valueMin="4.8">4.8–5.4 mm</quantity>
, open, spreading; lobes 5, broadly deltoid to hemiorbicular, 0.7–2.0 × 
<quantity id="D8099B3EFB02FFFFF2C9CDFEFC8FF90B" box="[740,879,1670,1697]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.9" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="6" pageNumber="119" unit="mm" value="2.25" valueMax="2.9" valueMin="1.6">1.6–2.9 mm</quantity>
, minute, short acuminate to apiculate, villose, the sinuses rounded. 
<emphasis id="2D85EAC9FB02FFFFF17DCDD2FE46F96E" box="[336,422,1706,1732]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">Corolla</emphasis>
thick-carnose, bistratose, cylindric-urceolate to tubular, 
<quantity id="D8099B3EFB02FFFFF41ECDD2FB54F96F" box="[1075,1204,1706,1733]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="6" pageNumber="119" unit="cm" value="2.3" valueMax="2.8" valueMin="1.8">1.8–2.8 cm</quantity>
long, 6.0–9.0 mm in diameter at the base and 
<quantity id="D8099B3EFB02FFFFF18DCDB6FE1EF943" box="[416,510,1742,1769]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="119" unit="mm" value="7.0" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="6.0">6–8 mm</quantity>
in diameter at the throat, crimson red or rarely pink cream, somewhat ventricose to the base, slightly narrowing distally, bluntly 5-angled, villose with white hairs, trichomes 
<quantity id="D8099B3EFB02FFFFF4AFCD8AFAEAF8A7" box="[1154,1290,1778,1805]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="6" pageNumber="119" unit="mm" value="1.65" valueMax="2.4" valueMin="0.9">0.9–2.4 mm</quantity>
long; lobes 5, narrowly linear-triangular, 11.5–17.8 × 
<quantity id="D8099B3EFB02FFFFF269CC6EFD2EF89B" box="[580,718,1814,1841]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.95" metricValueMax="3.3" metricValueMin="2.6" pageId="6" pageNumber="119" unit="mm" value="2.95" valueMax="3.3" valueMin="2.6">2.6–3.3 mm</quantity>
, spreading, black, acuminate, recurved; internally black, sparsely villose and verruculose, lustrous, papillose. 
<emphasis id="2D85EAC9FB02FFFFF25DCC43FD2DF8FF" box="[624,717,1851,1877]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">Stamens</emphasis>
10, 
<quantity id="D8099B3EFB02FFFFF2D0CC42FC99F8FF" box="[765,889,1850,1877]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.85" metricValueMax="3.1" metricValueMin="2.6" pageId="6" pageNumber="119" unit="cm" value="2.85" valueMax="3.1" valueMin="2.6">2.6–3.1 cm</quantity>
long, nearly equaling the corolla in overall length, each pair slightly unequal with each other; filaments equal, 
<quantity id="D8099B3EFB02FFFFF30ACC26FC4EF8D3" box="[807,942,1886,1913]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.8" metricValueMax="6.9" metricValueMin="4.7" pageId="6" pageNumber="119" unit="mm" value="5.8" valueMax="6.9" valueMin="4.7">4.7–6.9 mm</quantity>
long, connate in the basal ca. 
<quantity id="D8099B3EFB02FFFFF52FCC26FABAF8D3" box="[1282,1370,1886,1913]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" pageId="6" pageNumber="119" unit="mm" value="4.3">4.3 mm</quantity>
, white, glabrous; anthers 
<quantity id="D8099B3EFB02FFFFF17FCCFAFE30F837" box="[338,464,1922,1949]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="1.9" pageId="6" pageNumber="119" unit="cm" value="2.15" valueMax="2.4" valueMin="1.9">1.9–2.4 cm</quantity>
long overall, thecae 
<quantity id="D8099B3EFB02FFFFF2EDCCFAFCCCF837" box="[704,812,1922,1949]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="119" unit="mm" value="8.0" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="6.0">6–10 mm</quantity>
long, conspicuously papillose; tubules 
<quantity id="D8099B3EFB02FFFFF4C1CCFAFA8AF837" box="[1260,1386,1922,1949]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="6" pageNumber="119" unit="cm" value="1.35" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="1.2">1.2–1.5 cm</quantity>
long, glabrous, distinct, but seemingly connate near the proximal 1/2, dehiscing by terminal pores 
<quantity id="D8099B3EFB02FFFFF488CCDEFACDF86B" box="[1189,1325,1958,1985]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="12.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="119" unit="mm" value="0.85" valueMax="1.2" valueMin="0.5">0.5–1.2 mm</quantity>
long; style exserted, 3.0– 
<quantity id="D8099B3EFB02FFFFF10BCCB2FE91F84F" box="[294,369,1994,2021]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="119" unit="cm" value="3.5">3.5 cm</quantity>
long, dark green to greenish, glabrous, stigma truncated. 
<emphasis id="2D85EAC9FB02FFFFF3D7CCB3FBDEF84E" box="[1018,1086,1995,2020]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">Fruits</emphasis>
a subovoid to subglobose berry, ca. 1.5 × 
<quantity id="D8099B3EFB02FFFFF0D9CC96FEA5F7A3" box="[244,325,2030,2057]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="6" pageNumber="119" unit="cm" value="1.4">1.4 cm</quantity>
, white or pearl-white berry when ripe, villose; mesocarp white; seeds cream-colored with embryos deep green.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="4B8E6653FB03FFFEF0A5CD9CFC82F8CF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14521490" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14521490" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14521490/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="120" startId="7.[136,229,1764,1786]" targetBox="[242,1345,190,1739]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="1F4E36DBFB03FFFEF0A5CD9CFC82F8CF" blockId="7.[136,1453,1764,1894]" pageId="7" pageNumber="120">
<emphasis id="2D85EAC9FB03FFFEF0A5CD9CFF1FF953" bold="true" box="[136,255,1764,1786]" pageId="7" pageNumber="120">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
Terminal branches with inflorescences. A. 
<taxonomicName id="D8F14D58FB03FFFEF28BCD9CFC57F953" authorityName="M. M. Jimenez &amp; H. Garzon" authorityYear="2024" box="[678,951,1764,1785]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Ceratostema" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="7" pageNumber="120" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gualaquizensis">
<emphasis id="2D85EAC9FB03FFFEF28BCD9CFC57F953" box="[678,951,1764,1785]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="120">Ceratostema gualaquizensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. B. 
<taxonomicName id="D8F14D58FB03FFFEF3CFCD9CFBAEF953" authorityName="Luteyn (2005:" authorityYear="1272" box="[994,1102,1764,1785]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Ceratostema" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="7" pageNumber="120" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pendens">
<emphasis id="2D85EAC9FB03FFFEF3CFCD9CFBAEF953" box="[994,1102,1764,1785]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="120">C. pendens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. C1–C3. The entire flower, without corolla and stamens of 
<taxonomicName id="D8F14D58FB03FFFEF148CC70FDF0F8B7" authorityName="M. M. Jimenez &amp; H. Garzon" authorityYear="2024" box="[357,528,1800,1821]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Ceratostema" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="7" pageNumber="120" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gualaquizensis">
<emphasis id="2D85EAC9FB03FFFEF148CC70FDF0F8B7" box="[357,528,1800,1821]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="120">C. gualaquizensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. C4–C6. The entire flower, without corolla and stamens of 
<taxonomicName id="D8F14D58FB03FFFEF46BCC70FB51F8B7" authorityName="Luteyn (2005:" authorityYear="1272" box="[1094,1201,1800,1821]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Ceratostema" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="7" pageNumber="120" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pendens">
<emphasis id="2D85EAC9FB03FFFEF46BCC70FB51F8B7" box="[1094,1201,1800,1821]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="120">C. pendens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. D1. Pedicel with a closeup of the base showing the bracteole of 
<taxonomicName id="D8F14D58FB03FFFEF225CC54FD54F8EB" authorityName="M. M. Jimenez &amp; H. Garzon" authorityYear="2024" box="[520,692,1836,1857]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Ceratostema" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="7" pageNumber="120" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gualaquizensis">
<emphasis id="2D85EAC9FB03FFFEF225CC54FD54F8EB" box="[520,692,1836,1857]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="120">C. gualaquizensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. D2. Pedicel with a close-up of the base showing the bracteoles of 
<emphasis id="2D85EAC9FB03FFFEF517CC54FA4DF8EB" box="[1338,1453,1836,1857]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="120">
<taxonomicName id="D8F14D58FB03FFFEF517CC54FA49F8EB" authorityName="Luteyn (2005:" authorityYear="1272" box="[1338,1449,1836,1857]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Ceratostema" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="7" pageNumber="120" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pendens">C. pendens</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Photos by Henry X. Garzón-Suárez based on the type and 
<emphasis id="2D85EAC9FB03FFFEF294CC29FCBCF8CF" box="[697,860,1872,1894]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="120">M. Jiménez 2282</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="4B8E6653FB0CFFF1F0A5CC2DFE98F7B5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14521492" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14521492" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14521492/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="121" startId="8.[136,229,1877,1899]" targetBox="[151,1436,190,1853]" targetPageId="8" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="1F4E36DBFB0CFFF1F0A5CC2DFE98F7B5" blockId="8.[136,1452,1877,2079]" pageId="8" pageNumber="121">
<emphasis id="2D85EAC9FB0CFFF1F0A5CC2DFF1DF8C1" bold="true" box="[136,253,1877,1899]" pageId="8" pageNumber="121">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
Lankester Composite Dissection Plate (LCDP) of 
<taxonomicName id="D8F14D58FB0CFFF1F2C9CC2EFC24F8C0" authorityName="Cornejo, G. Tello &amp; Luteyn" authorityYear="2024" box="[740,964,1877,1899]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Ceratostema" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="8" pageNumber="121" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="loucianae">
<emphasis id="2D85EAC9FB0CFFF1F2C9CC2EFC24F8C0" box="[740,964,1877,1899]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="121">Ceratostema loucianae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. A. Fertile branch with a close-up of the trichomes (A1) and base of the inflorescence (A2). B. Adaxial (left) and abaxial (right) views of the leaves with a close-up of the trichomes (B1) and basal leaf venation (B2). C. Flower with part of the pedicel (left) and longitudinal section of the corolla (right). D. Calyx, pedicel, and style with a dorsal view of the limb (D1) and a close-up of the bracteole (D2) and the apex of the calyx lobe (D3). E. Stamens with a close-up of the thecae and pores of the tubule. Elaborated by Nadia Lapo-González based on photographs by Henry X. Garzón-Suárez based on 
<emphasis id="2D85EAC9FB0CFFF1F0CEC372FE92F7B5" box="[227,370,2058,2079]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="121">H. Garzón 197</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="4B8E6653FB0DFFF0F0A5CC2DFCC0F824" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14521494" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14521494" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14521494/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="122" startId="9.[136,229,1877,1899]" targetBox="[155,1432,193,1849]" targetPageId="9" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="1F4E36DBFB0DFFF0F0A5CC2DFCC0F824" blockId="9.[136,1452,1877,1935]" pageId="9" pageNumber="122">
<emphasis id="2D85EAC9FB0DFFF0F0A5CC2DFF1EF8C0" bold="true" box="[136,254,1877,1899]" pageId="9" pageNumber="122">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
Different populations of 
<taxonomicName id="D8F14D58FB0DFFF0F1DECC2EFD33F8C0" authorityName="Cornejo, G. Tello &amp; Luteyn" authorityYear="2024" box="[499,723,1877,1899]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Ceratostema" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="9" pageNumber="122" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="loucianae">
<emphasis id="2D85EAC9FB0DFFF0F1DECC2EFD33F8C0" box="[499,723,1877,1899]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="122">Ceratostema loucianae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in southeastern Ecuador. A–C. Zamora D. Limón. E. Sucúa. F. Santiago de Méndez. Photos by Marco M. Jiménez and Henry X. Garzón-Suárez.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="4B8E6653FB0EFFF3F0A5CC32FD3EF82E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14521496" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14521496" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14521496/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="123" startId="10.[136,229,1866,1888]" targetBox="[151,1436,190,1842]" targetPageId="10" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="1F4E36DBFB0EFFF3F0A5CC32FD3EF82E" blockId="10.[136,1451,1866,1924]" pageId="10" pageNumber="123">
<emphasis id="2D85EAC9FB0EFFF3F0A5CC32FF1EF8F5" bold="true" box="[136,254,1866,1888]" pageId="10" pageNumber="123">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
Species with similar flowers. A. 
<taxonomicName id="D8F14D58FB0EFFF3F212CC32FCC0F8F5" authorityName="Cornejo, G. Tello &amp; Luteyn" authorityYear="2024" box="[575,800,1866,1887]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Ceratostema" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="10" pageNumber="123" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="loucianae">
<emphasis id="2D85EAC9FB0EFFF3F212CC32FCC0F8F5" box="[575,800,1866,1887]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="123">Ceratostema loucianae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. B. 
<emphasis id="2D85EAC9FB0EFFF3F365CC32FC46F8F5" box="[840,934,1866,1887]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="123">
<taxonomicName id="D8F14D58FB0EFFF3F365CC32FC43F8F5" box="[840,931,1866,1887]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Ceratostema" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="10" pageNumber="123" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rauhii">C. rauhii</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
C. 
<emphasis id="2D85EAC9FB0EFFF3F3E5CC32FBAFF8F5" box="[968,1103,1866,1887]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="123">
<taxonomicName id="D8F14D58FB0EFFF3F3E5CC32FBABF8F5" box="[968,1099,1866,1887]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Ceratostema" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="10" pageNumber="123" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lanigerum">C. lanigerum</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
D. 
<taxonomicName id="D8F14D58FB0EFFF3F45FCC32FB22F8F5" authorityName="Luteyn" authorityYear="1996" box="[1138,1218,1866,1887]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Ceratostema" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="10" pageNumber="123" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glans">
<emphasis id="2D85EAC9FB0EFFF3F45FCC32FB22F8F5" box="[1138,1218,1866,1887]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="123">C. glans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Photos A, D. by Henry Garzón-Suárez, B. by Werner Rauh, C. by Marco M. Jiménez.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="57EB6550FB0FFFF2F090CBE5FA7EFB5B" pageId="11" pageNumber="124" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="1F4E36DBFB0FFFF2F090CBE5FAD4FE8E" blockId="11.[136,1452,157,1265]" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">
<emphasis id="2D85EAC9FB0FFFF2F090CBE5FE1CFF12" bold="true" box="[189,508,157,184]" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">
<emphasis id="2D85EAC9FB0FFFF2F090CBE5FE37FF12" bold="true" box="[189,471,157,184]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">Distribution and habitat</emphasis>
:—
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D8F14D58FB0FFFF2F1D1CBE6FCE1FF12" authorityName="Cornejo, G. Tello &amp; Luteyn" authorityYear="2024" box="[508,769,158,184]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Ceratostema" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="11" pageNumber="124" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="loucianae">
<emphasis id="2D85EAC9FB0FFFF2F1D1CBE6FCE1FF12" box="[508,769,158,184]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">Ceratostema loucianae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been reported in the southeastern Ecuadorian provinces of 
<collectingRegion id="DD35F839FB0FFFF2F08ACBBAFE8AFF76" box="[167,362,194,220]" country="Ecuador" name="Morona-Santiago" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">Morona Santiago</collectingRegion>
and 
<collectingRegion id="DD35F839FB0FFFF2F18FCBBAFD94FF76" box="[418,628,194,220]" country="Ecuador" name="Zamora-Chinchipe" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">Zamora Chinchipe</collectingRegion>
(
<figureCitation id="87CA2A5EFB0FFFF2F2A9CBBAFD07FF76" box="[644,743,194,220]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[136,229,1875,1897]" captionTargetBox="[160,1433,202,1840]" captionTargetId="figure-19@3.[151,1435,190,1851]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Distribution of Ceratostema gualaquizensis and C. loucianae in the southeastern region of Ecuador. C. gualaquizensis (pink), C. loucianae (red), collected specimens (stars), and observed specimens (circles). Map prepared using ArcGIS by Henry X. Garzón- Suárez." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14521484" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14521484/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">Figure 2</figureCitation>
). The species is known only from the eastern Andean foothills surrounding the towns of Macas (
<bibRefCitation id="7B604B2AFB0FFFF2F22FCB9EFD02FEAA" author="Cornejo, X. &amp; Luteyn, J. L. &amp; Tello-Hidalgo, G." box="[514,738,230,256]" pageId="11" pageNumber="124" pagination="87 - 93" refId="ref6284" refString="Cornejo, X., Luteyn, J. L. &amp; Tello-Hidalgo, G. (2024) Ceratostema loucianae and Disterigma chriscanadayi (Ericaceae: Vaccinieae) - new epiphytic species from eastern Ecuador. Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 18 (1): 87 - 93." type="journal article" year="2024">
Cornejo 
<emphasis id="2D85EAC9FB0FFFF2F24BCB9FFD7FFEAA" box="[614,671,230,256]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">et al.</emphasis>
2024
</bibRefCitation>
), Limón, Santiago de Méndez, Sucúa and Zamora at elevations between 
<quantity id="D8099B3EFB0FFFF2F0C1CA72FE68FE8E" box="[236,392,266,292]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="11" pageNumber="124" unit="m" value="1250.0" valueMax="1400.0" valueMin="1100.0">1100–1400 m</quantity>
, where it grows both in primary forests and in disturbed secondary areas (
<figureCitation id="87CA2A5EFB0FFFF2F4E9CA72FAC6FE8E" box="[1220,1318,266,292]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[136,229,1877,1899]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,193,1849]" captionTargetId="figure-19@9.[151,1436,190,1853]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Different populations of Ceratostema loucianae in southeastern Ecuador. A–C. Zamora D. Limón. E. Sucúa. F. Santiago de Méndez. Photos by Marco M. Jiménez and Henry X. Garzón-Suárez." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14521494" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14521494/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">Figure 6</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1F4E36DBFB0FFFF2F090CA56FC1CFE56" blockId="11.[136,1452,157,1265]" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">
Additional specimens were observed 
<quantity id="D8099B3EFB0FFFF2F249CA56FD53FEE2" box="[612,691,302,329]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="124" unit="km" value="8.5">8.5 km</quantity>
northwest of Macas, 
<quantity id="D8099B3EFB0FFFF2F38ACA56FC01FEE2" box="[935,993,302,328]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="124" unit="km" value="8.0">8 km</quantity>
south of Sucúa and 
<quantity id="D8099B3EFB0FFFF2F4E5CA56FAF6FEE2" box="[1224,1302,302,328]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" pageId="11" pageNumber="124" unit="km" value="3.6">3.6 km</quantity>
northwest of Limón and were vouchered with photographs (
<figureCitation id="87CA2A5EFB0FFFF2F2B3CA2AFCE1FEC6" box="[670,769,338,364]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[136,229,1877,1899]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,193,1849]" captionTargetId="figure-19@9.[151,1436,190,1853]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Different populations of Ceratostema loucianae in southeastern Ecuador. A–C. Zamora D. Limón. E. Sucúa. F. Santiago de Méndez. Photos by Marco M. Jiménez and Henry X. Garzón-Suárez." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14521494" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14521494/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">Figure 6</figureCitation>
). In the area of Santiago de Méndez, the species was found in pastures growing epiphytically on relict trees of 
<taxonomicName id="D8F14D58FB0FFFF2F2EACA0FFA4BFE3A" authority="(Ruiz &amp; Pavon 1802: 18) Radlkofer (1882: 333)" authorityName="Radlkofer" authorityPageNumber="333" authorityYear="1882" baseAuthorityName="Ruiz &amp; Pavon" baseAuthorityPageNumber="18" baseAuthorityYear="1802" box="[711,1451,374,400]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapotaceae" genus="Pouteria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="11" pageNumber="124" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caimito">
<emphasis id="2D85EAC9FB0FFFF2F2EACA0FFC64FE3A" box="[711,900,375,400]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">Pouteria caimito</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="7B604B2AFB0FFFF2F3BECA0EFB40FE3A" author="Ruiz, H. L. &amp; Pavon, J. A." box="[915,1184,374,400]" pageId="11" pageNumber="124" refId="ref7573" refString="Ruiz, H. L. &amp; Pavon, J. A. (1802) Flora Peruviana, et Chilensis, sive descripciones, et icones plantarum peruvianum, et chilensium, secundum systema Linnaeanum digesta, cum haracteribus luriumgenerum evulgatorum reformati 3. Madrid, Espana, 95 pp." type="book" year="1802">Ruiz &amp; Pavón 1802: 18</bibRefCitation>
) Radlkofer (1882: 333)
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="D8F14D58FB0FFFF2F0BDCAE2FEF2FE1E" box="[144,274,410,436]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapotaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="11" pageNumber="124" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Sapotaceae</taxonomicName>
) and 
<taxonomicName id="D8F14D58FB0FFFF2F17BCAE3FE3BFE1E" box="[342,475,410,436]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Burseraceae" genus="Protium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="11" pageNumber="124" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="2D85EAC9FB0FFFF2F17BCAE3FE51FE1E" box="[342,433,411,436]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">Protium</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="D8F14D58FB0FFFF2F1C0CAE2FD9DFE1E" box="[493,637,410,436]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Burseraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="11" pageNumber="124" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Burseraceae</taxonomicName>
). Near Zamora it was seen growing on phorophytes of 
<taxonomicName id="D8F14D58FB0FFFF2F528CAE2FA46FE1E" box="[1285,1446,410,436]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Alchornea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="11" pageNumber="124" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="2D85EAC9FB0FFFF2F528CAE2FA9AFE1E" box="[1285,1402,410,436]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">Alchornea</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="D8F14D58FB0FFFF2F0A5CAC6FDCFFE72" authority="Don (1823: 314)" authorityName="Don" authorityPageNumber="314" authorityYear="1823" box="[136,559,446,472]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Centronia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="11" pageNumber="124" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laurifolia">
<emphasis id="2D85EAC9FB0FFFF2F0A5CAC6FE8AFE72" box="[136,362,446,472]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">Centronia laurifolia</emphasis>
Don (1823: 314)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="D8F14D58FB0FFFF2F216CAC6FD15FE72" box="[571,757,446,472]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Graffenrieda" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="11" pageNumber="124" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="2D85EAC9FB0FFFF2F216CAC6FD2DFE72" box="[571,717,446,472]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">Graffenrieda</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="D8F14D58FB0FFFF2F301CAC7FC4EFE72" box="[812,942,446,472]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Burseraceae" genus="Protium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="11" pageNumber="124" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="2D85EAC9FB0FFFF2F301CAC7FC67FE72" box="[812,903,447,472]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">Protium</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
within its natural habitat, it has been seen on tree branches from near the canopy to the understory (up to 
<quantity id="D8099B3EFB0FFFF2F30ACA9AFCB2FE56" box="[807,850,482,508]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="124" unit="m" value="2.0">2 m</quantity>
aboveground).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1F4E36DBFB0FFFF2F090C97EFD45FD26" blockId="11.[136,1452,157,1265]" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">
<emphasis id="2D85EAC9FB0FFFF2F090C97EFE2AFD8A" bold="true" box="[189,458,518,544]" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">
<emphasis id="2D85EAC9FB0FFFF2F090C97EFE45FD8A" bold="true" box="[189,421,518,544]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">Conservation status</emphasis>
:—
</emphasis>
This species is currently known only from 11 localities across south-eastern 
<collectingCountry id="67E6764BFB0FFFF2F564C97EFA49FD8A" box="[1353,1449,518,544]" name="Ecuador" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
. The Extent of Occurrence (EOO) calculated for the species 
<superScript id="E8849B93FB0FFFF2F30EC952FC97FDEE" attach="both" box="[803,887,554,580]" fontSize="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">resulted</superScript>
in an area of 
<quantity id="D8099B3EFB0FFFF2F423C952FB98FDEE" box="[1038,1144,554,581]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" pageId="11" pageNumber="124" unit="km" value="1650.0">1,650 km</quantity>
<superScript id="E8849B93FB0FFFF2F455C952FB60FD92" attach="left" box="[1144,1152,554,568]" fontSize="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">2</superScript>
with an area of occupancy (AOO) of 
<quantity id="D8099B3EFB0FFFF2F0D6C936FEA1FDC2" box="[251,321,590,616]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="11" pageNumber="124" unit="km" value="32.0">32 km</quantity>
<superScript id="E8849B93FB0FFFF2F16CC936FEA9FDF6" attach="left" box="[321,329,590,604]" fontSize="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">2</superScript>
. This scales 
<taxonomicName id="D8F14D58FB0FFFF2F1FBC936FD84FDC2" authorityName="Cornejo, G. Tello &amp; Luteyn" authorityYear="2024" box="[470,612,590,616]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Ceratostema" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="11" pageNumber="124" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="loucianae">
<emphasis id="2D85EAC9FB0FFFF2F1FBC936FD84FDC2" box="[470,612,590,616]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">C. loucianae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as EN (Endangered) according to IUCN (2022) criteria B2ab(i,ii), focusing on restricted distribution and stability of habitat.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1F4E36DBFB0FFFF2F090C9EEFD10FCB6" blockId="11.[136,1452,157,1265]" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">
<taxonomicName id="D8F14D58FB0FFFF2F090C9EEFE24FD1A" authorityName="Cornejo, G. Tello &amp; Luteyn" authorityYear="2024" box="[189,452,662,688]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Ceratostema" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="11" pageNumber="124" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="loucianae">
<emphasis id="2D85EAC9FB0FFFF2F090C9EEFE24FD1A" box="[189,452,662,688]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">Ceratostema loucianae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been registered only in the lower part of the Sangay National Park (
<bibRefCitation id="7B604B2AFB0FFFF2F526C9EEFF24FD7E" author="Cornejo, X. &amp; Luteyn, J. L. &amp; Tello-Hidalgo, G." pageId="11" pageNumber="124" pagination="87 - 93" refId="ref6284" refString="Cornejo, X., Luteyn, J. L. &amp; Tello-Hidalgo, G. (2024) Ceratostema loucianae and Disterigma chriscanadayi (Ericaceae: Vaccinieae) - new epiphytic species from eastern Ecuador. Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 18 (1): 87 - 93." type="journal article" year="2024">
Cornejo 
<emphasis id="2D85EAC9FB0FFFF2F55CC9EFFA4CFD1A" box="[1393,1452,662,688]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">et al.</emphasis>
2024
</bibRefCitation>
), the buffer zone of the Podocarpus National Park and the surrounding area of the Río Negro-Sopladora National Park. Nevertheless, the populations outside these areas are highly threatened by deforestation in favor of cattle pastures, slash-and-burn agriculture and infrastructure activities.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1F4E36DBFB0FFFF2F090C85FFE82FC22" blockId="11.[136,1452,157,1265]" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">
<emphasis id="2D85EAC9FB0FFFF2F090C85FFEECFCEA" box="[189,268,807,832]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">Ex situ</emphasis>
, the species is being sold by nurseries in 
<collectingCountry id="67E6764BFB0FFFF2F2DFC85EFCAFFCEA" box="[754,847,806,832]" name="Ecuador" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
and is known in private collections and commercial nurseries in the 
<collectingCountry id="67E6764BFB0FFFF2F11BC832FE2EFCCE" box="[310,462,842,868]" name="United States of America" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">United States</collectingCountry>
, Europe and Asia under incorrect names such as “ 
<taxonomicName id="D8F14D58FB0FFFF2F3DDC832FB30FCCE" box="[1008,1232,842,868]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Ceratostema" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="11" pageNumber="124" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="villosa">
<emphasis id="2D85EAC9FB0FFFF2F3DDC832FB30FCCE" box="[1008,1232,842,868]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">Ceratostema villosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” and “ 
<taxonomicName id="D8F14D58FB0FFFF2F531C832FEAFFC22" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Ceratostema" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="11" pageNumber="124" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="rauhii" variety="villosa">
<emphasis id="2D85EAC9FB0FFFF2F531C832FF2CFC22" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">Ceratostema rauhii</emphasis>
var. 
<emphasis id="2D85EAC9FB0FFFF2F129C816FEAFFC22" box="[260,335,878,904]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">villosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
”.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1F4E36DBFB0FFFF2F090C8EAFD22FBCA" blockId="11.[136,1452,157,1265]" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">
<emphasis id="2D85EAC9FB0FFFF2F090C8EAFEC4FC06" bold="true" box="[189,292,914,940]" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">
<emphasis id="2D85EAC9FB0FFFF2F090C8EAFF1EFC06" bold="true" box="[189,254,914,940]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">Notes</emphasis>
:—
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D8F14D58FB0FFFF2F109C8EAFDC9FC06" authorityName="Cornejo, G. Tello &amp; Luteyn" authorityYear="2024" box="[292,553,914,940]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Ceratostema" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="11" pageNumber="124" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="loucianae">
<emphasis id="2D85EAC9FB0FFFF2F109C8EAFDC9FC06" box="[292,553,914,940]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">Ceratostema loucianae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar to 
<taxonomicName id="D8F14D58FB0FFFF2F292C8EAFCC4FC06" box="[703,804,914,940]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Ceratostema" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="11" pageNumber="124" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rauhii">
<emphasis id="2D85EAC9FB0FFFF2F292C8EAFCC4FC06" box="[703,804,914,940]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">C. rauhii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(1992: 314), 
<taxonomicName id="D8F14D58FB0FFFF2F3EDC8EAFB13FC07" authority="Luteyn (1996: 54)" authorityName="Luteyn" authorityPageNumber="54" authorityYear="1996" box="[960,1267,914,941]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Ceratostema" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="11" pageNumber="124" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glans">
<emphasis id="2D85EAC9FB0FFFF2F3EDC8EAFBFEFC06" box="[960,1054,914,940]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">C. glans</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7B604B2AFB0FFFF2F40BC8EAFB13FC07" author="Luteyn, J. L." box="[1062,1267,914,941]" pageId="11" pageNumber="124" pagination="210 - 253" refId="ref6928" refString="Luteyn, J. L. (1996) Ericaceae: Ceratostema. In: Harling, G. &amp; Andersson, L. (Eds.) Flora of Ecuador. Volume 54. Part 147. Goteborg University, Stockholm, pp. 210 - 253." type="book chapter" year="1996">Luteyn (1996: 54)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="D8F14D58FB0FFFF2F506C8EAFDB0FC7A" authority="(Sleumer 1941: 398) Luteyn (1984: 367)" authorityName="Luteyn" authorityPageNumber="367" authorityYear="1984" baseAuthorityName="Sleumer" baseAuthorityPageNumber="398" baseAuthorityYear="1941" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Ceratostema" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="11" pageNumber="124" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lanigera">
<emphasis id="2D85EAC9FB0FFFF2F506C8EAFA4BFC06" box="[1323,1451,914,940]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">C. lanigera</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="7B604B2AFB0FFFF2F0BDC8CEFE87FC7A" author="Sleumer, H. O." box="[144,359,950,976]" pageId="11" pageNumber="124" pagination="375 - 510" refId="ref7726" refString="Sleumer, H. O. (1941) Vaccinioideen-Studien. Botanische Jahrbucher fur Systematik 71: 375 - 510." type="journal article" year="1941">Sleumer 1941: 398</bibRefCitation>
) Luteyn (1984: 367)
</taxonomicName>
by the epiphytic habit, the vegetative and floral parts variously covered with indumentum, the plinerved leaves that are arranged in a spiral manner, the axillary to supraxillary inflorescences that are sessile to short-pedunculate and the red colored corollas with triangular, spreading to slightly recurved, acuminate lobes (being black in 
<taxonomicName id="D8F14D58FB0FFFF2F150CF5AFDEDFB96" authorityName="Cornejo, G. Tello &amp; Luteyn" authorityYear="2024" box="[381,525,1058,1084]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Ceratostema" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="11" pageNumber="124" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="loucianae">
<emphasis id="2D85EAC9FB0FFFF2F150CF5AFDEDFB96" box="[381,525,1058,1084]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">C. loucianae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the two latter species). A summary of the morphological differences between the aforementioned species is presented in 
<tableCitation id="52730360FB0FFFF2F245CF3EFD5CFBCA" box="[616,700,1094,1120]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="11.[136,224,1311,1335]" captionText="TABLE 1. Summary of principal differences among Ceratostema loucianae, C. rauhii, C. glans and C. lanigera." pageId="11" pageNumber="124">Table 1</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1F4E36DBFB0FFFF2F090CF11FA7EFB5B" blockId="11.[136,1452,157,1265]" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">
<emphasis id="2D85EAC9FB0FFFF2F090CF11FD83FB29" bold="true" box="[189,611,1129,1155]" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">Additional specimens examined:—</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="AF993C86FB0FFFF2F24ECF12FA47FB67" collectingDate="2023-05-06" collectingDateMax="2023-05-14" collectingDateMin="2023-05-06" collectionCode="H, M" country="Ecuador" county="Santiago de Mendez" elevation="1367" location="Garzon" municipality="Chupianza" pageId="11" pageNumber="124" specimenCode="HUTPL 14828, HUTPL 15001" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Morona-Santiago">
<collectingCountry id="67E6764BFB0FFFF2F24ECF12FD0EFB2E" box="[611,750,1130,1156]" name="Ecuador" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">ECUADOR</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectingRegion id="DD35F839FB0FFFF2F2D6CF12FC24FB2E" box="[763,964,1130,1156]" country="Ecuador" name="Morona-Santiago" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">Morona-Santiago</collectingRegion>
: 
<collectingCounty id="F62F4E57FB0FFFF2F3FCCF12FB5EFB2E" box="[977,1214,1130,1156]" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">Santiago de Méndez</collectingCounty>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="FF2AACA1FB0FFFF2F4E1CF12FAA7FB2E" box="[1228,1351,1130,1156]" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">Chupianza</collectingMunicipality>
, vía a la reserva municipal, 
<quantity id="D8099B3EFB0FFFF2F172CFF6FE56FB02" box="[351,438,1166,1192]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3669999999999998" pageId="11" pageNumber="124" unit="m" value="1367.0">
<elevation id="94DCD1E8FB0FFFF2F172CFF6FE56FB02" box="[351,438,1166,1192]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3669999999999998" pageId="11" pageNumber="124" unit="m" value="1367.0">1367 m</elevation>
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, 
<date id="6B4F101BFB0FFFF2F1EECFF6FDAEFB02" box="[451,590,1166,1192]" pageId="11" pageNumber="124" value="2023-05-06">
<collectingDate id="7B0BE9F3FB0FFFF2F1EECFF6FDAEFB02" box="[451,590,1166,1192]" pageId="11" pageNumber="124" value="2023-05-06">6 May 2023</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<emphasis id="2D85EAC9FB0FFFF2F277CFF7FCE2FB02" box="[602,770,1166,1192]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">
<collectionCode id="79E0AE1EFB0FFFF2F277CFF7FD92FB02" box="[602,626,1167,1192]" country="Finland" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15618" name="University of Helsinki" pageId="11" pageNumber="124" type="Herbarium">H</collectionCode>
. 
<location id="1A2E6000FB0FFFF2F251CFF6FD30FB02" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:975887CDFB02FFF2F0A5C9C2FA7EFB5B:1A2E6000FB0FFFF2F251CFF6FD30FB02" box="[636,720,1166,1192]" country="Ecuador" county="Santiago de Mendez" municipality="Chupianza" name="Garzon" pageId="11" pageNumber="124" stateProvince="Morona-Santiago">Garzón</location>
197
</emphasis>
(
<specimenCode id="4F579EA0FB0FFFF2F33CCFF6FC23FB02" box="[785,963,1166,1192]" collectionCode="HUTPL" country="Ecuador" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/vs2j-q1dn" name="Universidad Tecnica Particular De Loja (UTPL)" pageId="11" pageNumber="124" type="Herbarium">HUTPL 14828</specimenCode>
!). 
<collectingRegion id="DD35F839FB0FFFF2F3F6CFF6FB51FB02" box="[987,1201,1166,1192]" country="Ecuador" name="Zamora-Chinchipe" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">Zamora Chinchipe</collectingRegion>
: Zamora, vía Zamora-Parque Nacional Podocarpus, 
<quantity id="D8099B3EFB0FFFF2F1CDCFCAFDD9FB66" box="[480,569,1202,1228]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0699999999999998" pageId="11" pageNumber="124" unit="m" value="1070.0">
<elevation id="94DCD1E8FB0FFFF2F1CDCFCAFDD9FB66" box="[480,569,1202,1228]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0699999999999998" pageId="11" pageNumber="124" unit="m" value="1070.0">1070 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<date id="6B4F101BFB0FFFF2F26ACFCAFD03FB66" box="[583,739,1202,1228]" pageId="11" pageNumber="124" value="2023-05-14">
<collectingDate id="7B0BE9F3FB0FFFF2F26ACFCAFD03FB66" box="[583,739,1202,1228]" pageId="11" pageNumber="124" value="2023-05-14">14 May 2023</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<emphasis id="2D85EAC9FB0FFFF2F2DCCFCBFB36FB66" box="[753,1238,1202,1228]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">
<collectionCode id="79E0AE1EFB0FFFF2F2DCCFCBFCECFB66" box="[753,780,1203,1228]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15637" name="Botanische Staatssammlung München" pageId="11" pageNumber="124" type="Herbarium">M</collectionCode>
. 
<collectionCode id="79E0AE1EFB0FFFF2F322CFCBFCCAFB66" box="[783,810,1203,1228]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15637" name="Botanische Staatssammlung München" pageId="11" pageNumber="124" type="Herbarium">M</collectionCode>
. Jiménez &amp; 
<collectionCode id="79E0AE1EFB0FFFF2F395CFCBFC33FB66" box="[952,979,1203,1228]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15637" name="Botanische Staatssammlung München" pageId="11" pageNumber="124" type="Herbarium">M</collectionCode>
. Jiménez Villalta 1770
</emphasis>
(
<specimenCode id="4F579EA0FB0FFFF2F4CACFCAFA7AFB67" box="[1255,1434,1202,1229]" collectionCode="HUTPL" country="Ecuador" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/vs2j-q1dn" name="Universidad Tecnica Particular De Loja (UTPL)" pageId="11" pageNumber="124" type="Herbarium">HUTPL 15001</specimenCode>
!)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="AF993C86FB0FFFF2F0A5CFAEFA7AFB5B" box="[136,1434,1238,1265]" collectingDate="2023-06-09" collectionCode="M" country="Ecuador" elevation="1117" location="Zamora-Parque Nacional Podocarpus" municipality="Zamora" pageId="11" pageNumber="124" specimenCode="HUTPL 15032" specimenCount="1">
<collectingMunicipality id="FF2AACA1FB0FFFF2F0A5CFAEFF02FB5A" box="[136,226,1238,1264]" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">Zamora</collectingMunicipality>
, vía 
<location id="1A2E6000FB0FFFF2F13BCFAEFD5EFB5A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:975887CDFB02FFF2F0A5C9C2FA7EFB5B:1A2E6000FB0FFFF2F13BCFAEFD5EFB5A" box="[278,702,1238,1264]" country="Ecuador" municipality="Zamora" name="Zamora-Parque Nacional Podocarpus" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">Zamora-Parque Nacional Podocarpus</location>
, 
<quantity id="D8099B3EFB0FFFF2F2E5CFAEFCFDFB5A" box="[712,797,1238,1264]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.117" pageId="11" pageNumber="124" unit="m" value="1117.0">
<elevation id="94DCD1E8FB0FFFF2F2E5CFAEFCFDFB5A" box="[712,797,1238,1264]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.117" pageId="11" pageNumber="124" unit="m" value="1117.0">1117 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<date id="6B4F101BFB0FFFF2F304CFAEFC47FB5A" box="[809,935,1238,1264]" pageId="11" pageNumber="124" value="2023-06-09">
<collectingDate id="7B0BE9F3FB0FFFF2F304CFAEFC47FB5A" box="[809,935,1238,1264]" pageId="11" pageNumber="124" value="2023-06-09">9 Jun 2023</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<emphasis id="2D85EAC9FB0FFFF2F39FCFAFFB2EFB5A" box="[946,1230,1238,1264]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">
<collectionCode id="79E0AE1EFB0FFFF2F39FCFAFFC2DFB5A" box="[946,973,1239,1264]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15637" name="Botanische Staatssammlung München" pageId="11" pageNumber="124" type="Herbarium">M</collectionCode>
. 
<collectionCode id="79E0AE1EFB0FFFF2F3FDCFAFFC0BFB5A" box="[976,1003,1239,1264]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15637" name="Botanische Staatssammlung München" pageId="11" pageNumber="124" type="Herbarium">M</collectionCode>
. Jiménez León 1927
</emphasis>
(
<specimenCode id="4F579EA0FB0FFFF2F4F1CFAEFA6EFB5B" box="[1244,1422,1238,1265]" collectionCode="HUTPL" country="Ecuador" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/vs2j-q1dn" name="Universidad Tecnica Particular De Loja (UTPL)" pageId="11" pageNumber="124" type="Herbarium">HUTPL 15032</specimenCode>
!)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>