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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.795.27619" ID-GBIF-Dataset="16e6522c-ada1-479d-abd7-e20ad98ee4a5" ID-PMC="PMC6237897" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-795-93" ID-PubMed="30473610" ID-ZBK="EC1CAED3DAAC4AE7877944DB3164EECE" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2018" ModsDocID="1313-2970-795-93" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 795" ModsDocTitle="First continental troglobiont Cylindroiulus millipede (Diplopoda, Julida, Julidae)" checkinTime="1541774129220" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Reboleira, Ana Sofia P. S. &amp; Enghoff, Henrik" docDate="2018" docId="A47DBE8CF8AEDEF8C2406F37DC25478D" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 795: 93-103" docOrigin="ZooKeys 795" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.795.27619" docTitle="Cylindroiulus villumi Reboleira &amp; Enghoff, 2018, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="79A57B30-7ABF-4FCB-9B94-CB0A459DB129" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="98" masterDocId="FF83DB2415517F25FFE9FF85FFE7FFF2" masterDocTitle="First continental troglobiont Cylindroiulus millipede (Diplopoda, Julida, Julidae)" masterLastPageNumber="103" masterPageNumber="93" pageNumber="94" updateTime="1668166392255" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>First continental troglobiont Cylindroiulus millipede (Diplopoda, Julida, Julidae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Reboleira, Ana Sofia P. S.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Enghoff, Henrik</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>795</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>93</mods:start>
<mods:end>103</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.795.27619</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.795.27619</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-795-93</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZBK">EC1CAED3DAAC4AE7877944DB3164EECE</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">EC1CAED3DAAC4AE7877944DB3164EECE</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="149603646" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:79A57B30-7ABF-4FCB-9B94-CB0A459DB129" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A47DBE8CF8AEDEF8C2406F37DC25478D" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="98" pageId="1" pageNumber="94">
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="94" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="94">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/79A57B30-7ABF-4FCB-9B94-CB0A459DB129" class="Diplopoda" family="Julidae" genus="Cylindroiulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cylindroiulus villumi" order="Julida" pageId="1" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="villumi">Cylindroiulus villumi</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="1" pageNumber="94">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Figs 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="95" pageId="1" pageNumber="94" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="94">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="95" pageId="1" pageNumber="94">
Holotype, male, Portugal, Estremenho karst massif, Algar do Pena Cave (Coordinates:
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="39.46511">39°27'54.40&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-8.807012">8°48'25.24&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
), ASPS Reboleira leg., 04 Nov
<pageBreakToken pageId="2" pageNumber="95" start="start">2014</pageBreakToken>
. Paratypes: Portugal, Estremenho karst massif, Algar do Pena Cave, ASPS Reboleira leg., 04 Nov 2014, 1 male, 2 females, 4 juvenile males and 1 juvenile; same data but 28 Mar 2018, 1 female and 1 juvenile.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="95" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="95">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="95">
A medium to small, blind, and unpigmented species of the
<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Julidae" genus="Cylindroiulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cylindroiulus perforatus" order="Julida" pageId="2" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perforatus">Cylindroiulus perforatus</taxonomicName>
-group. Anterior constriction pronounced and pilosity of the telson scarce. Differs from all other species in the group by the lack of eyes and by the shape of the gonopod mesomerite which is shorter than the promerite (&gt;&lt;
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. fenestratus" pageId="2" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="fenestratus">C. fenestratus</taxonomicName>
Read, 1989,
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. perforatus" pageId="2" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="perforatus">C. perforatus</taxonomicName>
Verhoeff, 1905, and
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. ventanaea" pageId="2" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="ventanaea">C. ventanaea</taxonomicName>
Read, 2007) and apically rounded (&gt;&lt;
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. anglilectus" pageId="2" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="anglilectus">C. anglilectus</taxonomicName>
Read, 2007). Further differs from other group members except
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. anglilectus" pageId="2" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="anglilectus">C. anglilectus</taxonomicName>
by the much shorter paracoxal process.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="97" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="96">
<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="96" start="start">Description</pageBreakToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="96">Male holotype: 37 podous + 1 apodous rings + telson; females up to 41 podous + 1 apodous rings + telson.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="96">
Body length up to 13 mm in females and 11.4 mm in males. Vertical body diameter (H): 0.9 mm (females) and 0.7 mm (males). Integument unpigmented (Figure 1); eyes absent (Figs 1, 2A, B). Length of antennae 0.8 mm (Figure 2B), with sensory cones elongated and with a fine longitudinal striation (Figure 2C, D) ending in a pore as shown in Figure 2E. Anterior constriction of body pronounced in dorsal view. Limbus of the the normal type sensu
<bibRefCitation author="Enghoff, H" journalOrPublisher=")" pageId="8" pageNumber="101" pagination="1 - 142" title="The millipede genus Cylindroiulus on Madeira - an insular species swarm (Diplopoda, Julida: Julidae). Entomologica Scandinavica (Supplement No." volume="18" year="1982">Enghoff (1982)</bibRefCitation>
, i.e., with simple marginal cells without denticles on the free margin. Length of legs (Figure 3A) 1.8 mm, tarsus being the longest podomere. Length of claw 9.6% of total leg length. Accessory claw exceptionally short: 92% shorter than the claw (Figure 3B). Preanal ring with a very short blunt projection, almost glabrous, only with 5 lateral setae (Figure 3C, D), subanal scale with two setae, anal valves with two long ventral setae on the lateral part of the posterior margin, rarely up to two additional setae were observed, however the number is variable and may even differ between right and left valve of the same specimen (Figure 3C). Male first pair of legs modified as typical of the genus, hook-like.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="3" pageNumber="96">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="96">
Figure 1.
<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Julidae" genus="Cylindroiulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cylindroiulus villumi" order="Julida" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="villumi">Cylindroiulus villumi</taxonomicName>
sp. n. A habitus of live female B habitus of subadult male. The partly darker colouration in 1B is due to gut contents seen by transparency. Scale bar: 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="3" pageNumber="96">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="96">
Figure 2.
<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Julidae" genus="Cylindroiulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cylindroiulus villumi" order="Julida" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="villumi">Cylindroiulus villumi</taxonomicName>
sp. n. female paratype, SEM. A anterior view of the head B lateral view of the head C tip of the antenna D detail of a sensory cone of the antenna E tip of the sensory cone. Scale bars: 100
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
(A, B); 10
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
(C); 1
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
(D, E).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="3" pageNumber="96">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="96">
Figure 3.
<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Julidae" genus="Cylindroiulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cylindroiulus villumi" order="Julida" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="villumi">Cylindroiulus villumi</taxonomicName>
sp. n. female paratype, SEM. A midbody leg B detail of the claw C posterior view of the anal valves D lateral view of the telson. Scale bars: 10
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
(A, B); 100
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
(C, D).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="97">
<taxonomicName genus="Gonopods" lsidName="Gonopods" pageId="4" pageNumber="97" rank="genus">
<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="97" start="start">Gonopods</pageBreakToken>
</taxonomicName>
(Figure 4): Promerite in anterior view (Figure 4D), higher than mesomerite (Figure 4D, E), with rugose area facing apical part of the mesomerite (Figure 4E). Mesomerite (Figure 4E): slender, shorter than, and fitting into, apical concavity of promerite. Paracoxal rim moderately developed. Paracoxal process not very prominent, rather short and mostly fused to solenomerite (Figure 4F). Solenomerite as in Figure 4A, B, C, F; very simple, subrectangular in lateral view, with denticles on anterior flagellum-conducting lamella (Figure 4C).
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="97">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="97">
Figure 4.
<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Julidae" genus="Cylindroiulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cylindroiulus villumi" order="Julida" pageId="4" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="villumi">Cylindroiulus villumi</taxonomicName>
sp. n. SEM of the male gonopod. A mesal view B lateral view C denticles on the anterior flagellum-conducting lamella of the solenomerite D pro- and mesomerite, anterior view E pro- and mesomerite, posterior view F opisthomerite, posterior view. Abbreviations: f: flagellum, fl: flagelliferous lobe of promerite, fp: finger-shapped projection of promerite, m: mesomerite, p: promerite, pc: lateral rim of paracoxite, pfl: posterior flagellum-conducting lamella, pp: paracoxal process, s: solenomerite, sc: sperm canal. Scale bars: 10
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
(A, B, D, E, F); 1
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
(C).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="97">
<taxonomicName genus="Vulvae" lsidName="Vulvae" pageId="4" pageNumber="97" rank="genus">Vulvae</taxonomicName>
(Figure 5
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
):
<taxonomicName genus="Vulvae" lsidName="Vulvae" pageId="4" pageNumber="97" rank="genus">Vulvae</taxonomicName>
typical of the
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. perforatus" pageId="4" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="perforatus">C. perforatus</taxonomicName>
-group: glabrous operculum, bursa with a few setae and the receptaculum seminis as a stalked sphere with a small tubular appendix.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="97">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="97">
Figure 5.
<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Julidae" genus="Cylindroiulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cylindroiulus villumi" order="Julida" pageId="4" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="villumi">Cylindroiulus villumi</taxonomicName>
sp. n. vulva, lateral view. Abbreviations: bu: bursa, op: operculum, rs: receptaculum seminis. Scale bar: 100
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="97" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="97">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="97">The new species is dedicated to the VILLUM Foundation, named after Villum Kann Rasmussen (1909-1993), as recognition for the generous support to research in natural sciences.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="98" pageId="4" pageNumber="97" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="97">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="98" pageId="4" pageNumber="97">
<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Julidae" genus="Cylindroiulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cylindroiulus villumi" order="Julida" pageId="4" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="villumi">Cylindroiulus villumi</taxonomicName>
sp. n. was discovered in the cave Algar do Pena, located in the Santo
<normalizedToken originalValue="António">Antonio</normalizedToken>
plateau, the central sub-unit of the Estremenho
<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="98" start="start">karst</pageBreakToken>
massif in central Portugal. It was found inside a big piece of deadwood located at the base of the entrance pit to the cave, at a depth of 33 meters below the surface.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="98" type="ecology">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="98">Ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="98">
Algar do Pena is the largest underground chamber of Portugal. The temperature is very constant 13
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
1 °C and relative humidity close to saturation. It is a very oligotrophic cave where only a few cave-adapted species are recorded: the spider
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Nesticidae" genus="Nesticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nesticus lusitanicus" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lusitanicus">Nesticus lusitanicus</taxonomicName>
Fage, 1931, the terrestrial isopod
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Trichoniscidae" genus="Trichoniscoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trichoniscoides meridionalis" order="Isopoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meridionalis">Trichoniscoides meridionalis</taxonomicName>
Vandel, 1946, the springtail
<taxonomicName class="Collembola" family="Onychiuridae" genus="Onychiurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onychiurus confugiens" order="Poduromorpha" pageId="5" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="confugiens">Onychiurus confugiens</taxonomicName>
Gama, 1962; the dipluran
<taxonomicName class="Entognatha" family="Campodeidae" genus="Podocampa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Podocampa fragiloides" order="Diplura" pageId="5" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fragiloides">Podocampa cf. fragiloides</taxonomicName>
Silvestri, 1932; and the beetle
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Trechus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trechus gamae" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gamae">Trechus gamae</taxonomicName>
Reboleira &amp; Serrano, 2009 (
<bibRefCitation author="Reboleira, ASPS" journalOrPublisher="Department of Biology, University of Aveiro" pageId="9" pageNumber="102" title="Cave beetles (Insecta, Coleoptera) of Estremenho karstic massif: an approach to its biodiversity. M. Sc. thesis." url="http://hdl.handle.net/10773/721" year="2007">Reboleira 2007</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Reboleira, ASPS" journalOrPublisher="PhD Thesis, University of Aveiro" pageId="9" pageNumber="102" title="Biodiversity and conservation of subterranean fauna of Portuguese karst." url="http://hdl.handle.net/10773/10865" year="2012">2012</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Reboleira, ASPS" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Insectology" pageId="9" pageNumber="102" pagination="43 - 52" title="Description of the larva and female genitalia of Trechusgamae with data on its ecology." volume="64" year="2011">
Reboleira and
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ortuño">Ortuno</normalizedToken>
2011
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Reboleira, ASPS" journalOrPublisher="Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift" pageId="9" pageNumber="102" pagination="101 - 107" title="Two new species of cave-dwelling beetles Trechus Clairville of fulvus-group in Portugal." url="https://doi.org/10.1002/mmnd.200900009" volume="56" year="2009">Reboleira et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Reboleira, ASPS" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="9" pageNumber="102" pagination="50 - 56" title="The first hypogean dipluran from Portugal: description of a new species of the genus Litocampa (Diplura: Campodeidae)." volume="2728" year="2010">2010</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Reboleira, ASPS" journalOrPublisher="International Journal of Speleology" pageId="9" pageNumber="102" pagination="23 - 37" title="The subterranean fauna of a biodiversity hotspot region - Portugal: an overview and its conservation." url="https://doi.org/10.5038/1827-806X.40.1.4" volume="40" year="2011">2011</bibRefCitation>
). The holotype and a juvenile male paratype have '
<taxonomicName class="Basidiobolomycetes" family="Basidiobolaceae" genus="Amphoromorpha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Amphoromorpha" order="Basidiobolales" pageId="5" pageNumber="98" phylum="Zoopagomycota" rank="genus">Amphoromorpha</taxonomicName>
' fungi on the head and antenna, similar to those observed by
<bibRefCitation author="Enghoff, H" journalOrPublisher="Studies in Fungi" pageId="8" pageNumber="101" pagination="130 - 137" title="Diversity of non-Laboulbenialean fungi on millipedes." url="https://doi.org/10.5943/sif/2/1/15" volume="2" year="2017">Enghoff and Reboleira (2017)</bibRefCitation>
on other millipedes.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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