183 lines
19 KiB
XML
183 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document id="62500E2B8CD8DFB792327F730A916258" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3985.3.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0a09b779-2166-4305-9d3e-53effb06f108" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="253532" ID-ZooBank="46DE9DD6-55E3-4BF5-A2AF-A058A0294A72" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461257984528" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Cock, Matthew J. W., Congdon, T. Colin E. & Collins, Steve C." docDate="2015" docId="F37C6616FFFBFFF2A0B6FF65DA68FEA0" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03985p348.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3985 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Artitropa Holland 1896" docType="treatment" docVersion="13" lastPageNumber="343" masterDocId="0F451E6EFFD1FFD9A021FFF2DB4CFFC5" masterDocTitle="Observations on the Biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera). Part 8. Hesperiinae incertae sedis: Dracaena Feeders" masterLastPageNumber="348" masterPageNumber="301" pageNumber="343" updateTime="1698608568688" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="F7F3C07469BAFF32DD79F070911041A7">
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<mods:title id="84F21FEB3378AAF6D098CA88C57AB4BE">Observations on the Biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera). Part 8. Hesperiinae incertae sedis: Dracaena Feeders</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8D1F1E63F71612A99F5EAF51806477BE">Cock, Matthew J. W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4E9D0B639D2BF6C1E9B701509053D635">Congdon, T. Colin E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="BB7E8F00959A6DBAF7B45C6888BA212C">Collins, Steve C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="90C3AB755A00704CE083F24096A62E4B">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="C07894A7D85207BF9DB92D749F07512E">
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<mods:date id="6F7322E6D79306C4EC10ABE07BB70C8C">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="8D84F604B1F2021ECA392F458E9E19B1">2015-07-13</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="549B3B7F31A2B67C210EF196C3AF01F5">3985</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="DA52CDDA5CEE53DE3CF173605A309E04">journal article</mods:classification>
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<treatment id="F37C6616FFFBFFF2A0B6FF65DA68FEA0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6527965" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119636470" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6527965" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F37C6616FFFBFFF2A0B6FF65DA68FEA0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F37C6616FFFBFFF2A0B6FF65DA68FEA0" lastPageId="43" lastPageNumber="343" pageId="42" pageNumber="343">
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<subSubSection id="33CF848BFFFBFFF3A0B6FF65DAC3FF77" box="[151,399,151,178]" pageId="42" pageNumber="343" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="7B6AD700FFFBFFF3A0B6FF65DAC3FF77" blockId="42.[151,399,151,178]" box="[151,399,151,178]" pageId="42" pageNumber="343">
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<heading id="2022606CFFFBFFF3A0B6FF65DAC3FF77" bold="true" box="[151,399,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="42" pageNumber="343" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="49A10B12FFFBFFF3A0B6FF65DAC3FF77" bold="true" box="[151,399,151,178]" pageId="42" pageNumber="343">
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<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFFBFFF3A0B6FF65DA4AFF74" ID-CoL="922ZV" authorityName="Holland" authorityYear="1896" box="[151,262,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Artitropa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="343" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="49A10B12FFFBFFF3A0B6FF65DA4AFF74" bold="true" box="[151,262,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="343">Artitropa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. SCC03
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="33CF848BFFFBFFF3A0B6FF2CDA65FE6E" pageId="42" pageNumber="343" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="7B6AD700FFFBFFF3A0B6FF2CDA65FE6E" blockId="42.[151,1437,222,427]" pageId="42" pageNumber="343">
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This is an undescribed endemic Madagascan species discovered by ABRI collectors at Mont d'Ambre, which has been referred to in unpublished reports as
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<emphasis id="49A10B12FFFBFFF3A2A8FEF1D85DFEDE" box="[649,785,258,283]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="343">
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<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFFBFFF3A2A8FEF1D841FEDE" authorityName="Oberthur" authorityYear="1916" box="[649,781,258,283]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Artitropa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="343" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hollandi">A. hollandi</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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T.B. Larsen (pers. comm.) will describe it as new. The yellow hyaline markings at the apex of the hind wing suggest affinities with no other known
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<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFFBFFF3A4FBFED5DE0DFEFB" authorityName="Holland" authorityYear="1896" box="[1242,1345,295,318]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Artitropa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="343" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="49A10B12FFFBFFF3A4FBFED5DE0DFEFB" box="[1242,1345,295,318]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="343">Artitropa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species (
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<figureCitation id="E3EECB85FFFBFFF3A0BFFEB8DA5CFEA6" box="[158,272,330,355]" captionStart="FIGURE 39" captionStartId="42.[151,250,936,958]" captionTargetBox="[163,1427,490,904]" captionTargetId="figure@42.[151,1436,482,911]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIGURE 39. Pinned adult male of Artitropa sp. SCC 03, collected on Dracaena sp., Mont d’Ambre, northern Madagascar, Jan 2003 [TCEC]. 1.5 x life size, scale bar = 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/253571/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="343">Figure 39</figureCitation>
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); however, these markings are not present on the only other specimen reared. T.B. Larsen (pers. comm. 2014) has examined these markings under a microscope and notes they are well defined, fully scaled and symmetrical.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="2FAA8788FFFBFFF3A0B6FC5AD93CFC19" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/253571/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="343" targetBox="[163,1427,490,904]" targetPageId="42">
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<paragraph id="7B6AD700FFFBFFF3A0B6FC5AD93CFC19" blockId="42.[151,1436,936,988]" pageId="42" pageNumber="343">
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<emphasis id="49A10B12FFFBFFF3A0B6FC5ADA6CFC7B" bold="true" box="[151,288,936,958]" pageId="42" pageNumber="343">FIGURE 39.</emphasis>
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Pinned adult male of
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<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFFBFFF3A1DEFC5BD910FC7B" authorityName="Holland" authorityYear="1896" box="[511,604,937,958]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Artitropa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="343" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="49A10B12FFFBFFF3A1DEFC5BD910FC7B" box="[511,604,937,958]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="343">Artitropa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. SCC03, collected on
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<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFFBFFF3A37CFC5BD88EFC7B" box="[861,962,937,958]" pageId="42" pageNumber="343">
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<emphasis id="49A10B12FFFBFFF3A37CFC5BD88EFC7B" box="[861,962,937,958]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="343">Dracaena</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp., Mont d’Ambre, northern Madagascar, Jan 2003 [TCEC]. 1.5 x life size, scale bar = 1 cm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="2FAA8788FFFBFFF3A0B6F9A7DF27F94F" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/253572/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="343" targetBox="[151,1436,1041,1597]" targetPageId="42">
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<paragraph id="7B6AD700FFFBFFF3A0B6F9A7DF27F94F" blockId="42.[151,1436,1621,1674]" pageId="42" pageNumber="343">
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<emphasis id="49A10B12FFFBFFF3A0B6F9A7DA53F9AE" bold="true" box="[151,287,1621,1643]" pageId="42" pageNumber="343">FIGURE 40.</emphasis>
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Caterpillars of
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<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFFBFFF3A19AF9A4D954F9AE" authorityName="Holland" authorityYear="1896" box="[443,536,1622,1643]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Artitropa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="343" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="49A10B12FFFBFFF3A19AF9A4D954F9AE" box="[443,536,1622,1643]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="343">Artitropa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. SCC03, collected on
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<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFFBFFF3A337F9A5D837F9A9" box="[790,891,1623,1644]" pageId="42" pageNumber="343">
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<emphasis id="49A10B12FFFBFFF3A337F9A5D837F9A9" box="[790,891,1623,1644]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="343">Dracaena</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp., Mont d’Ambre, northern Madagascar, 6 Jan 2003 [TCEC].
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<emphasis id="49A10B12FFFBFFF3A0D4F986DA57F94F" bold="true" box="[245,283,1652,1674]" pageId="42" pageNumber="343">1–2</emphasis>
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, final instar, head and anterior segments:
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<emphasis id="49A10B12FFFBFFF3A2E3F986D982F94F" bold="true" box="[706,718,1652,1674]" pageId="42" pageNumber="343">1</emphasis>
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, anterodorsal view;
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<emphasis id="49A10B12FFFBFFF3A3BCF986D8E5F94F" bold="true" box="[925,937,1652,1674]" pageId="42" pageNumber="343">2</emphasis>
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, dorsolateral view.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="33CF848BFFFBFFF2A0E6F929DA68FEA0" lastPageId="43" lastPageNumber="344" pageId="42" pageNumber="343" type="description">
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<paragraph id="7B6AD700FFFBFFF3A0E6F929D8F3F8F9" blockId="42.[151,1436,1755,2032]" pageId="42" pageNumber="343">
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<emphasis id="49A10B12FFFBFFF3A0E6F929DA15F931" bold="true" box="[199,345,1755,1780]" pageId="42" pageNumber="343">Life history.</emphasis>
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The food plant found by ABRI collectors at Mont d'Ambre is a
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<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFFBFFF3A419F92EDFE4F936" box="[1080,1192,1756,1779]" pageId="42" pageNumber="343">
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<emphasis id="49A10B12FFFBFFF3A419F92EDFE4F936" box="[1080,1192,1756,1779]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="343">Dracaena</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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spp., a larger species than used by
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<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFFBFFF3A10CF8F2DAD8F8D2" authorityName="Holland" authorityYear="1896" box="[301,404,1792,1815]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Artitropa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="343" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="49A10B12FFFBFFF3A10CF8F2DAD8F8D2" box="[301,404,1792,1815]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="343">Artitropa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. SCC01 and
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<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFFBFFF3A26DF8F2D9F5F8DD" authorityName="Saalmuller" authorityYear="1880" box="[588,697,1791,1816]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Artitropa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="343" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boseae">
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<emphasis id="49A10B12FFFBFFF3A26DF8F2D9F5F8DD" box="[588,697,1791,1816]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="343">A. boseae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, resembling the mainland
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<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFFBFFF3A3C4F8F2DF3CF8DD" box="[997,1136,1791,1816]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Dracaena" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="42" pageNumber="343" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="steudneri">
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<emphasis id="49A10B12FFFBFFF3A3C4F8F2DF3CF8DD" box="[997,1136,1791,1816]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="343">D. steudneri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, although the location and forest habitat suggests that both may be Clade A of
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<bibRefCitation id="1F44AAF1FFFBFFF3A2FAF8D1D8F7F8F9" author="Buerki" box="[731,955,1827,1852]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Buerki" pageId="42" pageNumber="343" pagination="15 - 28" refId="ref29781" refString="Buerki, S., Callmander, M. W., Schupfer, F., Ravokatra, M., Kupfer, P. & Alvarez, N. (2009) Malagasy Dracaena Vand. ex L. (Ruscaceae): an investigation of discrepancies between morphological features and spatial genetic structure at a small evolutionary scale. Oesterreichisches Botanisches Wochenblatt, 280 (1 - 2), 15 - 28. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00606 - 009 - 0162 - z" type="journal article" year="2009">
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Buerki
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<emphasis id="49A10B12FFFBFFF3A30FF8D6D813F8F9" box="[814,863,1827,1852]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="343">et al</emphasis>
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. (2009)
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</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7B6AD700FFFBFFF3A0E6F8B5DF41F809" blockId="42.[151,1436,1755,2032]" pageId="42" pageNumber="343">
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The yellow-brown head of the final instar caterpillar (
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<figureCitation id="E3EECB85FFFBFFF3A311F8B5D8EEF89A" box="[816,930,1863,1888]" captionStart="FIGURE 40" captionStartId="42.[151,250,1621,1643]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1041,1597]" captionTargetId="figure@42.[151,1436,1041,1597]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIGURE 40. Caterpillars of Artitropa sp. SCC 03, collected on Dracaena sp., Mont d’Ambre, northern Madagascar, 6 Jan 2003 [TCEC]. 1 – 2, final instar, head and anterior segments: 1, anterodorsal view; 2, dorsolateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/253572/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="343">Figure 40</figureCitation>
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) has large black spots: a central spot placed over the top of the adfrontals and adjacent epicranium, on epicranium just above adfrontals, over the stemmata, midway between the last two level with the bottom of the central spot, just lateral to the apex, and laterally, level with the central spot, making
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<quantity id="BC2D7AE5FFFBFFF3A1C2F846D957F809" box="[483,539,1971,1996]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.794" pageId="42" pageNumber="343" unit="in" value="11.0">11 in</quantity>
|
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total. The reared pupa was not documented.
|
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7B6AD700FFFBFFF2A0E6F82ADA68FEA0" blockId="42.[151,1436,1755,2032]" lastBlockId="43.[151,1436,151,357]" lastPageId="43" lastPageNumber="344" pageId="42" pageNumber="343">
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A similar caterpillar was found at Ramanofana, about
|
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<quantity id="BC2D7AE5FFFBFFF3A303F825D823F835" box="[802,879,2007,2032]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="42" pageNumber="343" unit="km" value="200.0">200km</quantity>
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south of Antananarivo in central
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<collectingCountry id="03C29790FFFBFFF3A4C4F825DE22F835" box="[1253,1390,2007,2032]" name="Madagascar" pageId="42" pageNumber="343">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
, but was not reared out. Large emerged or dead pupae (
|
||
<quantity id="BC2D7AE5FFFAFFF2A2ECFF65D80EFF75" box="[717,834,151,176]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" metricValueMax="4.1" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="43" pageNumber="344" unit="mm" value="38.0" valueMax="41.0" valueMin="35.0">35–41mm</quantity>
|
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) with similar associated head capsules were found on a large-leaved
|
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<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFFAFFF2A11CFF4FDAE1FF11" box="[317,429,189,212]" pageId="43" pageNumber="344">
|
||
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFFAFFF2A11CFF4FDAE1FF11" box="[317,429,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="344">Dracaena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. at Andisibe, east of Antananarivo. The emerged pupae were similar to those of other
|
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<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFFAFFF2A0B6FF12DBB2FF32" authorityName="Holland" authorityYear="1896" box="[151,254,224,247]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Artitropa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="344" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFFAFFF2A0B6FF12DBB2FF32" box="[151,254,224,247]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="344">Artitropa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp., with no obvious markings and the proboscis extending beyond the cremaster. However, since the caterpillars of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFFAFFF2A11AFEF6D954FED8" box="[315,536,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Artitropa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="344" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alaotrana">
|
||
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFFAFFF2A11AFEF6D954FED8" box="[315,536,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="344">Artitropa alaotrana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFFAFFF2A206FEF6D9E8FED8" authorityName="Oberthur" authorityYear="1916" box="[551,676,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Artitropa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="344" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hollandi">
|
||
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFFAFFF2A206FEF6D9E8FED8" box="[551,676,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="344">A. hollandi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and at least one undescribed species are not yet known, we cannot be completely confident that these represent
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFFAFFF2A291FEDAD85BFEFA" authorityName="Holland" authorityYear="1896" box="[688,791,296,319]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Artitropa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="344" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFFAFFF2A291FEDAD85BFEFA" box="[688,791,296,319]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="344">Artitropa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. SCC03 found at Mount d’Ambre in the north of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="03C29790FFFAFFF2A0B6FEBEDA6DFEA0" box="[151,289,332,357]" name="Madagascar" pageId="43" pageNumber="344">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |