162 lines
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162 lines
16 KiB
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<document id="29CD0E8B01E5B07764FDD21C06A30AAD" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3985.3.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0a09b779-2166-4305-9d3e-53effb06f108" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="253532" ID-ZooBank="46DE9DD6-55E3-4BF5-A2AF-A058A0294A72" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461257984528" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Cock, Matthew J. W., Congdon, T. Colin E. & Collins, Steve C." docDate="2015" docId="F37C6616FFFAFFF5A0B6F918D80FFED8" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03985p348.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3985 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Leona Evans 1937" docType="treatment" docVersion="13" lastPageNumber="344" masterDocId="0F451E6EFFD1FFD9A021FFF2DB4CFFC5" masterDocTitle="Observations on the Biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera). Part 8. Hesperiinae incertae sedis: Dracaena Feeders" masterLastPageNumber="348" masterPageNumber="301" pageNumber="344" updateTime="1698608568688" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="EE5C0A24B882520D72FD859BCDC1A84D">
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<mods:title id="DB2EF40ED53984833AA8B60B372B336A">Observations on the Biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera). Part 8. Hesperiinae incertae sedis: Dracaena Feeders</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A123F703344B1643DFB6035510DA0628">Cock, Matthew J. W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C9550E6D3B5D1CDFA45B6628759D8F4F">Congdon, T. Colin E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="46F0C5B7E30976F15BED7530401A1434" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="626E5A6DA38E08D80877295EBCA33F34">Collins, Steve C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="DCDA0DA9FD14116D38330C9C23513C0B">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="9AD23845237528AA8BEA2362AD03DDE3">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="1415BB2DF9C5BB40BA5EB48CEAC392BC">
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<mods:date id="FE5ECB969BE0BA47D05B92F5AEEDE803">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="B452BDB703D41804F2DB45AE64117B75">2015-07-13</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="40CE42AD0C5AE76F36D0115D012EE756">3985</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="14D18D6E9959AFFB7703155270BCF15B">3</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="BA35F326758C32D02D7C766D1A089679" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3985.3.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="F37C6616FFFAFFF5A0B6F918D80FFED8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6527971" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119636458" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6527971" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F37C6616FFFAFFF5A0B6F918D80FFED8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F37C6616FFFAFFF5A0B6F918D80FFED8" lastPageId="44" lastPageNumber="344" pageId="43" pageNumber="344">
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<subSubSection id="33CF848BFFFAFFF2A0B6F918DACDF8C0" box="[151,385,1770,1797]" pageId="43" pageNumber="344" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="7B6AD700FFFAFFF2A0B6F918DACDF8C0" blockId="43.[151,385,1770,1797]" box="[151,385,1770,1797]" pageId="43" pageNumber="344">
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<heading id="2022606CFFFAFFF2A0B6F918DACDF8C0" bold="true" box="[151,385,1770,1797]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="43" pageNumber="344" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFFAFFF2A0B6F918DACDF8C0" ID-CoL="92D38" authority="Evans, 1937" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1937" box="[151,385,1770,1797]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Leona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="344" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="49A10B12FFFAFFF2A0B6F918DACDF8C0" bold="true" box="[151,385,1770,1797]" pageId="43" pageNumber="344">
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<emphasis id="49A10B12FFFAFFF2A0B6F918DBA8F8C1" bold="true" box="[151,228,1770,1796]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="344">Leona</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="1F44AAF1FFFAFFF2A0CAF919DACDF8C0" author="Evans" box="[235,385,1771,1797]" firstAuthor="Evans" pageId="43" pageNumber="344" refId="ref30531" refString="Evans, W. H. (1937) A catalogue of the African Hesperiidae indicating the classification and nomenclature adopted in the British Museum. British Museum (Natural History), London, 212 pp., 30 plates." type="book" year="1937">Evans, 1937</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="33CF848BFFFAFFF2A0B6F8C0D8B0F873" pageId="43" pageNumber="344" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="7B6AD700FFFAFFF2A0B6F8C0D8B0F873" blockId="43.[151,1436,1841,2010]" pageId="43" pageNumber="344">
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We have introduced this genus in
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<bibRefCitation id="1F44AAF1FFFAFFF2A22EF8C3D990F88F" author="Cock" box="[527,732,1841,1866]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Cock" pageId="43" pageNumber="344" pagination="301 - 354" refId="ref30165" refString="Cock, M. J. W.; Congdon, T. C. E. (2014) Observations on the biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera) principally from Kenya. Part 7. Hesperiinae incertae sedis: grass and bamboo feeders. Zootaxa, 3872 (4), 301 - 354. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3872.4.1" type="journal article" year="2014">
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Cock
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<emphasis id="49A10B12FFFAFFF2A271F8C0D9CDF88F" box="[592,641,1841,1866]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="344">et al</emphasis>
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. (2014)
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</bibRefCitation>
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, where its split from
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<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFFAFFF2A3E7F8C3DF63F88F" authorityName="Holland" authorityYear="1896" box="[966,1071,1841,1866]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Caenides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="344" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="49A10B12FFFAFFF2A3E7F8C3DF63F88F" box="[966,1071,1841,1866]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="344">Caenides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is discussed. Of the nine species in the genus, a single species,
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<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFFAFFF2A1C5F8A4D9CEF8A8" authority="Evans" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1937" box="[484,642,1877,1902]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Leona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="344" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lissa">
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<emphasis id="49A10B12FFFAFFF2A1C5F8A4D979F8AB" box="[484,565,1877,1902]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="344">L. lissa</emphasis>
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Evans
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</taxonomicName>
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, has been reared from
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<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFFAFFF2A35DF8A4D8A0F8A8" box="[892,1004,1878,1901]" pageId="43" pageNumber="344">
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<emphasis id="49A10B12FFFAFFF2A35DF8A4D8A0F8A8" box="[892,1004,1878,1901]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="344">Dracaena</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and is treated here. However, its male genitalia are so different from those of other larger members of the genus apart from
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<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFFAFFF2A46DF888DE56F857" authority="(Plotz)" authorityName="Plotz" baseAuthorityName="Plotz" box="[1100,1306,1913,1938]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Leona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="344" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luehderi">
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<emphasis id="49A10B12FFFAFFF2A46DF888DF8AF857" box="[1100,1222,1913,1938]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="344">L. luehderi</emphasis>
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(Plötz)
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</taxonomicName>
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(food plant unknown), that it is probably not congeneric (T.B. Larsen pers. comm. 2014).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="33CF848BFFFAFFF5A0E6F833D80FFED8" lastPageId="44" lastPageNumber="345" pageId="43" pageNumber="344" type="description">
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<paragraph id="7B6AD700FFFAFFF5A0E6F833D80FFED8" blockId="43.[151,1436,1841,2010]" lastBlockId="44.[151,1436,151,285]" lastPageId="44" lastPageNumber="345" pageId="43" pageNumber="344">
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The early stages and food plants of relatively few species of the other
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<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFFAFFF2A3D1F830DF7AF81C" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1937" box="[1008,1078,1986,2009]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Leona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="344" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="49A10B12FFFAFFF2A3D1F830DF7AF81C" box="[1008,1078,1986,2009]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="344">Leona</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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spp. are known as yet, and the records include palms (
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<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFFDFFF5A1BAFF6AD95FFF75" authorityName="von Berchtold & J.Presl" authorityYear="1820" box="[411,531,152,176]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="44" pageNumber="345" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Arecaceae</taxonomicName>
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) and
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<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFFDFFF5A270FF65D9B8FF75" authorityName="Martinov" authorityYear="1820" box="[593,756,151,176]" class="Liliopsida" family="Zingiberaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="44" pageNumber="345" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Zingiberaceae</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFFDFFF5A2DFFF6BDF03FF75" authority="(Hewitson)" authorityName="Hewitson" baseAuthorityName="Hewitson" box="[766,1103,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Leona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="345" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maracanda">
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<emphasis id="49A10B12FFFDFFF5A2DFFF6BD887FF75" box="[766,971,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="345">Leona maracanda</emphasis>
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(Hewitson)
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</taxonomicName>
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has been reared from a rattan palm,
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<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFFDFFF5A0FCFF4EDA3EFF10" box="[221,370,188,213]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Eremospatha" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="44" pageNumber="345" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="49A10B12FFFDFFF5A0FCFF4EDA3EFF10" box="[221,370,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="345">Eremospatha</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp., in western
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<collectingCountry id="03C29790FFFDFFF5A200FF4ED93BFF10" box="[545,631,188,213]" name="Zambia" pageId="44" pageNumber="345">Zambia</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="1F44AAF1FFFDFFF5A2A4FF4ED809FF11" author="Cock" box="[645,837,188,213]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Cock" pageId="44" pageNumber="345" pagination="301 - 354" refId="ref30165" refString="Cock, M. J. W.; Congdon, T. C. E. (2014) Observations on the biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera) principally from Kenya. Part 7. Hesperiinae incertae sedis: grass and bamboo feeders. Zootaxa, 3872 (4), 301 - 354. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3872.4.1" type="journal article" year="2014">
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Cock
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<emphasis id="49A10B12FFFDFFF5A2E8FF4FD9B5FF10" box="[713,761,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="345">et al</emphasis>
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. 2014
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</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFFDFFF5A376FF4FDF7AFF11" authority="Evans" authorityName="Evans" box="[855,1078,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Leona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="345" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="halma">
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<emphasis id="49A10B12FFFDFFF5A376FF4FD8A6FF10" box="[855,1002,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="345">Leona halma</emphasis>
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Evans
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</taxonomicName>
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is recorded from
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<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFFDFFF5A4DCFF4EDED7FF10" authorityName="Martinov" authorityYear="1820" box="[1277,1435,188,213]" class="Liliopsida" family="Zingiberaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="44" pageNumber="345" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Zingiberaceae</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="1F44AAF1FFFDFFF5A0BFFF2DDA0FFF3D" author="Kielland" box="[158,323,223,248]" firstAuthor="Kielland" pageId="44" pageNumber="345" refId="ref31481" refString="Kielland, J. (1990) Butterflies of Tanzania. Hill House, Melbourne, 363 pp." type="book" year="1990">Kielland 1990</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="1F44AAF1FFFDFFF5A16FFF2DD958FF3D" author="Heath" box="[334,532,223,248]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Heath" pageId="44" pageNumber="345" refId="ref30712" refString="Heath, A., Newport, M. A. & Hancock, D. (2002) The Butterflies of Zambia. African Butterfly Research Institute and The Lepidopterists' Society of Africa, Nairobi, 137 pp. + CD." type="book" year="2002">
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Heath
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<emphasis id="49A10B12FFFDFFF5A1B8FF13DA87FF3D" box="[409,459,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="345">et al</emphasis>
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. 2002
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</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="1F44AAF1FFFDFFF5A23EFF2DD9B4FF3D" author="Vande weghe" box="[543,760,223,248]" firstAuthor="Vande weghe" pageId="44" pageNumber="345" refId="ref33088" refString="Vande weghe, G. R (2010) Papillons du Gabon. Wildlife Conservation Society, Libreville, Gabon, 424 pp." type="book" year="2010">Vande weghe 2010</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="1F44AAF1FFFDFFF5A325FF2DD88FFF3D" author="Cock" box="[772,963,223,248]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Cock" pageId="44" pageNumber="345" pagination="301 - 354" refId="ref30165" refString="Cock, M. J. W.; Congdon, T. C. E. (2014) Observations on the biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera) principally from Kenya. Part 7. Hesperiinae incertae sedis: grass and bamboo feeders. Zootaxa, 3872 (4), 301 - 354. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3872.4.1" type="journal article" year="2014">
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Cock
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<emphasis id="49A10B12FFFDFFF5A367FF13D834FF3D" box="[838,888,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="345">et al</emphasis>
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. 2014
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</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<bibRefCitation id="1F44AAF1FFFDFFF5A3F7FF2DDFE6FF3D" author="Heath" box="[982,1194,223,248]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Heath" pageId="44" pageNumber="345" refId="ref30712" refString="Heath, A., Newport, M. A. & Hancock, D. (2002) The Butterflies of Zambia. African Butterfly Research Institute and The Lepidopterists' Society of Africa, Nairobi, 137 pp. + CD." type="book" year="2002">
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Heath
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<emphasis id="49A10B12FFFDFFF5A401FF13DF1EFF3D" box="[1056,1106,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="345">et al</emphasis>
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. (2002)
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</bibRefCitation>
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suggest that the food plant of
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<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFFDFFF5A0D5FEF7DAAFFED9" authority="Evans" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1937" box="[244,483,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Leona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="345" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="leonora" subSpecies="dux">
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<emphasis id="49A10B12FFFDFFF5A0D5FEF7DAD5FED8" box="[244,409,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="345">L. leonora dux</emphasis>
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Evans
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</taxonomicName>
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is possibly also
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<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFFDFFF5A2BCFEF6D873FED8" authorityName="Martinov" authorityYear="1820" box="[669,831,260,285]" class="Liliopsida" family="Zingiberaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="44" pageNumber="345" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Zingiberaceae</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |