268 lines
29 KiB
XML
268 lines
29 KiB
XML
<document id="A2EBE6B348BCEF3C847930ACFFC1FBC5" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3985.3.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0a09b779-2166-4305-9d3e-53effb06f108" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="253532" ID-ZooBank="46DE9DD6-55E3-4BF5-A2AF-A058A0294A72" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461257984528" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Cock, Matthew J. W., Congdon, T. Colin E. & Collins, Steve C." docDate="2015" docId="F37C6616FFDDFFD7A0B6FA77DEDAFED8" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03985p348.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3985 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Artitropa milleri subsp. milleri milleri Riley 1925" docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="315" masterDocId="0F451E6EFFD1FFD9A021FFF2DB4CFFC5" masterDocTitle="Observations on the Biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera). Part 8. Hesperiinae incertae sedis: Dracaena Feeders" masterLastPageNumber="348" masterPageNumber="301" pageNumber="313" updateTime="1698608568688" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="BBEA874227C0619870E09421759215C5">Observations on the Biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera). Part 8. Hesperiinae incertae sedis: Dracaena Feeders</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="13412190504886FDCC3BE2FA77594997">Cock, Matthew J. W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7D366B84287DA3D19563DAE71DCD8988">Congdon, T. Colin E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="AD4DF5DFCF0FE913D291114CA7167FB4">Collins, Steve C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="61F051D282C797291CDDF05D8B13AEC6">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="8DE1231924913ED3B6534C04BAC862E4">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="49A05FE244BF2C946DFCD21DC73699C7">2015-07-13</mods:number>
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<treatment id="F37C6616FFDDFFD7A0B6FA77DEDAFED8" ID-GBIF-Taxon="123200804" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F37C6616FFDDFFD7A0B6FA77DEDAFED8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F37C6616FFDDFFD7A0B6FA77DEDAFED8" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="315" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">
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<subSubSection id="33CF848BFFDDFFD5A0B6FA77D908FA5A" box="[151,580,1413,1439]" pageId="12" pageNumber="313" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="7B6AD700FFDDFFD5A0B6FA77D908FA5A" blockId="12.[151,580,1413,1439]" box="[151,580,1413,1439]" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">
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<heading id="2022606CFFDDFFD5A0B6FA77D908FA5A" bold="true" box="[151,580,1413,1439]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="313" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFDDFFD5A0B6FA77D908FA5A" ID-CoL="H23X" authority="milleri Riley, 1925" authorityName="milleri Riley" authorityYear="1925" box="[151,580,1413,1439]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Artitropa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="313" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="milleri" subSpecies="milleri">
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<emphasis id="49A10B12FFDDFFD5A0B6FA77D908FA5A" bold="true" box="[151,580,1413,1439]" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">
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<emphasis id="49A10B12FFDDFFD5A0B6FA77DAF8FA5A" bold="true" box="[151,436,1413,1439]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">Artitropa milleri milleri</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="1F44AAF1FFDDFFD5A19AFA77D908FA5A" author="Riley" box="[443,580,1413,1439]" firstAuthor="Riley" pageId="12" pageNumber="313" pagination="281" refId="ref32184" refString="Riley, N. D. (1925) A revision of the continental African species of the genus Artitropa (Lep. Hesperiidae). Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1925, 281 - 288, plate 35. http: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1925. tb 02864. x" type="journal article" year="1925">Riley, 1925</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="33CF848BFFDDFFD5A0B6FA34DF0DF955" pageId="12" pageNumber="313" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="7B6AD700FFDDFFD5A0B6FA34DF0DF955" blockId="12.[151,1437,1477,2038]" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">
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<collectingCountry id="03C29790FFDDFFD5A0B6FA34DBFAFA1B" box="[151,182,1478,1502]" name="American Samoa" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">As</collectingCountry>
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noted above,
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<bibRefCitation id="1F44AAF1FFDDFFD5A175FA37DAAFFA1B" author="Riley" box="[340,483,1477,1502]" firstAuthor="Riley" pageId="12" pageNumber="313" pagination="281" refId="ref32184" refString="Riley, N. D. (1925) A revision of the continental African species of the genus Artitropa (Lep. Hesperiidae). Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1925, 281 - 288, plate 35. http: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1925. tb 02864. x" type="journal article" year="1925">Riley (1925)</bibRefCitation>
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described
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<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFDDFFD5A27CFA34D984FA1B" authorityName="Riley" authorityYear="1925" box="[605,712,1477,1502]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Artitropa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="313" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="milleri">
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<emphasis id="49A10B12FFDDFFD5A27CFA34D984FA1B" box="[605,712,1477,1502]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">A. milleri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from
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<collectingCountry id="03C29790FFDDFFD5A32CFA37D839FA1B" box="[781,885,1477,1502]" name="Tanzania" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
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, west
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<collectingCountry id="03C29790FFDDFFD5A39AFA37DF5EFA1B" box="[955,1042,1477,1502]" name="Uganda" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">Uganda</collectingCountry>
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and north-western
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<collectingCountry id="03C29790FFDDFFD5A4CDFA37DE08FA1B" box="[1260,1348,1477,1502]" name="Zambia" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">Zambia</collectingCountry>
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, but we provisionally restrict this subspecies to material matching the
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<typeStatus id="A46E69A2FFDDFFD5A37CFA1BD8F3F9C7" box="[861,959,1513,1538]" pageId="12" pageNumber="313" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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from Tukuyu,
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<collectingCountry id="03C29790FFDDFFD5A44FFA1BDF9AF9C7" box="[1134,1238,1513,1538]" name="Tanzania" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
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. In
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<collectingCountry id="03C29790FFDDFFD5A522FA1BDE24F9C7" box="[1283,1384,1513,1538]" name="Tanzania" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
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it is found in the Uluguru Mountains, Udzungwa Mountains, Rubeho Mountains (near Mpwapwa) and the Southern Highlands (
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<bibRefCitation id="1F44AAF1FFDDFFD5A138F9C2D9E4F98C" author="Kielland" box="[281,680,1584,1609]" pageId="12" pageNumber="313" refId="ref31481" refString="Kielland, J. (1990) Butterflies of Tanzania. Hill House, Melbourne, 363 pp." type="book" year="1990">Kielland 1990, TCEC unpublished</bibRefCitation>
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), and the range extends to the Misuku Hills, northern
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<collectingCountry id="03C29790FFDDFFD5A52DF9C2DE29F98C" box="[1292,1381,1584,1609]" name="Malawi" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">Malawi</collectingCountry>
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. The markings of the face of final instar caterpillars of
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<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFDDFFD5A29DF9A7D86AF9A8" authorityName="Riley" authorityYear="1925" box="[700,806,1620,1645]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Artitropa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="313" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="milleri">
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<emphasis id="49A10B12FFDDFFD5A29DF9A7D86AF9A8" box="[700,806,1620,1645]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">A. milleri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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resemble those of the penultimate instar of
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<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFDDFFD5A52AF9A7DE33F9A8" authorityName="Riley" authorityYear="1925" box="[1291,1407,1620,1645]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Artitropa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="313" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reducta">
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<emphasis id="49A10B12FFDDFFD5A52AF9A7DE33F9A8" box="[1291,1407,1620,1645]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">A. reducta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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as documented by Sevastopulo (unpublished) from the Shimba Hills, described below.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="33CF848BFFDDFFD5A0E6F969DED1F833" pageId="12" pageNumber="313" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="7B6AD700FFDDFFD5A0E6F969DED1F833" blockId="12.[151,1437,1477,2038]" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">
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<emphasis id="49A10B12FFDDFFD5A0E6F969DA11F971" bold="true" box="[199,349,1691,1716]" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">Food plants.</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="1F44AAF1FFDDFFD5A149F96ED91AF971" author="Van Someren" box="[360,598,1692,1716]" firstAuthor="Van Someren" pageId="12" pageNumber="313" pagination="315" refId="ref33112" refString="Van Someren, V. G. L. (1974) List of foodplants of some East African Rhopalocera, with notes on the early stages of some Lycaenidae. Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society, 28, 315 - 331." type="journal article" year="1974">Van Someren (1974)</bibRefCitation>
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gives the food plant of
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<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFDDFFD5A357F96ED8AFF971" authorityName="Riley" authorityYear="1925" box="[886,995,1691,1716]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Artitropa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="313" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="milleri">
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<emphasis id="49A10B12FFDDFFD5A357F96ED8AFF971" box="[886,995,1691,1716]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">A. milleri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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‘and subspecies’ as
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<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFDDFFD5A4F6F96FDE06F971" authorityName="Baker" authorityYear="1874" box="[1239,1354,1693,1716]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Dracaena" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="12" pageNumber="313" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mannii">
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<emphasis id="49A10B12FFDDFFD5A4F6F96FDE06F971" box="[1239,1354,1693,1716]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">D. mannii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(as
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<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFDDFFD5A5A0F96FDA62F91D" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Dracaena" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="12" pageNumber="313" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="usambarensis">
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<emphasis id="49A10B12FFDDFFD5A5A0F96FDA62F91D" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">D. usambarensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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), but this is more likely to apply to
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<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFDDFFD5A2F1F932D832F91D" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1937" box="[720,894,1727,1752]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Artitropa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="313" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="milleri" subSpecies="coryndon">
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<emphasis id="49A10B12FFDDFFD5A2F1F932D832F91D" box="[720,894,1727,1752]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">A. m. coryndon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(below) than
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<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFDDFFD5A43EF932DFE2F91D" authorityName="milleri Riley" authorityYear="1925" box="[1055,1198,1727,1752]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Artitropa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="313" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="milleri" subSpecies="milleri">
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<emphasis id="49A10B12FFDDFFD5A43EF932DFE2F91D" box="[1055,1198,1727,1752]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">A. m. milleri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Although it is quite likely to be a suitable food plant, we are not aware of any confirmed records of
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<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFDDFFD5A42CF916DF31F93E" authorityName="Baker" authorityYear="1874" box="[1037,1149,1764,1787]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Dracaena" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="12" pageNumber="313" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mannii">
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<emphasis id="49A10B12FFDDFFD5A42CF916DF31F93E" box="[1037,1149,1764,1787]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">D. mannii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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as the food plant of
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<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFDDFFD5A543F916DBADF8DA" authorityName="milleri Riley" authorityYear="1925" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Artitropa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="313" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="milleri" subSpecies="milleri">
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<emphasis id="49A10B12FFDDFFD5A543F916DBADF8DA" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">A. m. milleri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, since those in
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<bibRefCitation id="1F44AAF1FFDDFFD5A1B8F8F4D901F8DA" author="Kielland" box="[409,589,1798,1823]" firstAuthor="Kielland" pageId="12" pageNumber="313" refId="ref31481" refString="Kielland, J. (1990) Butterflies of Tanzania. Hill House, Melbourne, 363 pp." type="book" year="1990">Kielland (1990)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation id="1F44AAF1FFDDFFD5A2A8F8F4D829F8DA" author="Heath" box="[649,869,1798,1823]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Heath" pageId="12" pageNumber="313" refId="ref30712" refString="Heath, A., Newport, M. A. & Hancock, D. (2002) The Butterflies of Zambia. African Butterfly Research Institute and The Lepidopterists' Society of Africa, Nairobi, 137 pp. + CD." type="book" year="2002">
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Heath
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<emphasis id="49A10B12FFDDFFD5A2F7F8FAD845F8DA" box="[726,777,1798,1823]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">et al</emphasis>
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. (2002)
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</bibRefCitation>
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are likely to be repeating Van Someren’s record.
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<bibRefCitation id="1F44AAF1FFDDFFD5A0B6F8D8DA01F886" author="Kielland" box="[151,333,1834,1859]" firstAuthor="Kielland" pageId="12" pageNumber="313" refId="ref31481" refString="Kielland, J. (1990) Butterflies of Tanzania. Hill House, Melbourne, 363 pp." type="book" year="1990">Kielland (1990)</bibRefCitation>
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also gives
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<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFDDFFD5A1FAF8DED920F886" box="[475,620,1834,1859]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Dracaena" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="12" pageNumber="313" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laxissima">
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<emphasis id="49A10B12FFDDFFD5A1FAF8DED920F886" box="[475,620,1834,1859]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">D. laxissima</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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as the food plant, based on TCEC’s observations (Kigogo, Mufindi,
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<collectingCountry id="03C29790FFDDFFD5A0B6F8BCDBB3F8A2" box="[151,255,1870,1895]" name="Tanzania" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
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), and this is repeated in
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<bibRefCitation id="1F44AAF1FFDDFFD5A22EF8BCD9AAF8A2" author="Heath" box="[527,742,1870,1895]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Heath" pageId="12" pageNumber="313" refId="ref30712" refString="Heath, A., Newport, M. A. & Hancock, D. (2002) The Butterflies of Zambia. African Butterfly Research Institute and The Lepidopterists' Society of Africa, Nairobi, 137 pp. + CD." type="book" year="2002">
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Heath
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<emphasis id="49A10B12FFDDFFD5A278F8BDD9C6F8A2" box="[601,650,1870,1895]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">et al</emphasis>
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. (2002)
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</bibRefCitation>
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. TCEC has also collected caterpillars of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFDDFFD5A48EF8BDDE70F8A2" authorityName="milleri Riley" authorityYear="1925" box="[1199,1340,1870,1895]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Artitropa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="313" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="milleri" subSpecies="milleri">
|
||
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFDDFFD5A48EF8BDDE70F8A2" box="[1199,1340,1870,1895]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">A. m. milleri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFDDFFD5A5A0F8BDDBB2F84E" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Dracaena" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="12" pageNumber="313" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="steudneri">
|
||
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFDDFFD5A5A0F8BDDBB2F84E" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">D. steudneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at various locations in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="03C29790FFDDFFD5A20AF880D9DEF84E" box="[555,658,1906,1931]" name="Tanzania" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
|
||
, including the Usambara Mountains, Nguru Mountains, Uluguru Mountains, Rubeho Mountains (Mafwemiru Forest, Mt. Chugu), Mufindi and Njombe (south central
|
||
<collectingCountry id="03C29790FFDDFFD5A508F867DEDEF86B" box="[1321,1426,1941,1966]" name="Tanzania" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
|
||
). TCEC grew a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFDDFFD5A115F849DAF1F817" box="[308,445,1977,2002]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Dracaena" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="12" pageNumber="313" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="steudneri">
|
||
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFDDFFD5A115F849DAF1F817" box="[308,445,1977,2002]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">D. steudneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in his garden at Mufindi and caterpillars of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFDDFFD5A381F848DF65F817" authorityName="milleri Riley" authorityYear="1925" box="[928,1065,1977,2002]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Artitropa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="313" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="milleri" subSpecies="milleri">
|
||
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFDDFFD5A381F848DF65F817" box="[928,1065,1977,2002]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">A. m. milleri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
defoliated it, so that in the end he had to remove the early stages. It is common on both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFDDFFD5A2C1F82CD827F833" box="[736,875,2013,2038]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Dracaena" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="12" pageNumber="313" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laxissima">
|
||
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFDDFFD5A2C1F82CD827F833" box="[736,875,2013,2038]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">D. laxissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFDDFFD5A3BFF82CDF6AF833" box="[926,1062,2013,2038]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Dracaena" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="12" pageNumber="313" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="steudneri">
|
||
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFDDFFD5A3BFF82CDF6AF833" box="[926,1062,2013,2038]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">D. steudneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, depending on which is available.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="2FAA8788FFDCFFD4A0B6FB6FDE5EFAEB" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/253543/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="314" targetBox="[151,1436,195,1157]" targetPageId="13">
|
||
<paragraph id="7B6AD700FFDCFFD4A0B6FB6FDE5EFAEB" blockId="13.[151,1436,1181,1326]" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">
|
||
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFDCFFD4A0B6FB6FDA6DFB76" bold="true" box="[151,289,1181,1203]" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">FIGURE 10.</emphasis>
|
||
Ova and caterpillar of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFDCFFD4A232FB6CD844FB76" authority="milleri" authorityName="milleri Riley" authorityYear="1925" box="[531,776,1181,1203]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Artitropa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="314" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="milleri" subSpecies="milleri">
|
||
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFDCFFD4A232FB6CD844FB76" box="[531,776,1181,1203]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">Artitropa milleri milleri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[TCEC].
|
||
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFDCFFD4A34EFB6FD8D9FB76" bold="true" box="[879,917,1181,1203]" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">1–2</emphasis>
|
||
, ovum; on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFDCFFD4A42CFB6CDF96FB76" box="[1037,1242,1181,1203]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Dracaena" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="13" pageNumber="314" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laxissima">
|
||
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFDCFFD4A42CFB6CDF96FB76" box="[1037,1242,1181,1203]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">Dracaena laxissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Kigogo, Mufindi, Tanzania, 11 Feb 1998:
|
||
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFDCFFD4A1B6FB4EDAEFFB17" bold="true" box="[407,419,1212,1234]" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">1</emphasis>
|
||
, dorsal view;
|
||
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFDCFFD4A21CFB4ED905FB17" bold="true" box="[573,585,1212,1234]" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">2</emphasis>
|
||
, lateral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFDCFFD4A2C2FB4ED9BCFB17" bold="true" box="[739,752,1212,1234]" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">3</emphasis>
|
||
, ovum, dorsal view with ribs evident; on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFDCFFD4A490FB4FDE7FFB17" box="[1201,1331,1212,1234]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Dracaena" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="13" pageNumber="314" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laxissima">
|
||
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFDCFFD4A490FB4FDE7FFB17" box="[1201,1331,1212,1234]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">D. laxissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Mufindi, Tanzania, undated.
|
||
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFDCFFD4A142FB29DAC5FB34" bold="true" box="[355,393,1243,1265]" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">4–7</emphasis>
|
||
, final instar caterpillar:
|
||
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFDCFFD4A2ACFB29D9FFFB34" bold="true" box="[653,691,1243,1265]" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">4–5</emphasis>
|
||
, anterior segments, anterodorsolateral view, on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFDCFFD4A490FB2EDE7EFB34" box="[1201,1330,1243,1265]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Dracaena" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="13" pageNumber="314" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="steudneri">
|
||
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFDCFFD4A490FB2EDE7EFB34" box="[1201,1330,1243,1265]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">D. steudneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Mufindi, Tanzania, 4 Jun 2003;
|
||
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFDCFFD4A158FB0BDACAFACA" bold="true" box="[377,390,1273,1295]" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">6</emphasis>
|
||
, anterior segments, anterodorsal view, collected on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFDCFFD4A3B0FB08DF42FACA" box="[913,1038,1273,1295]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Dracaena" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="13" pageNumber="314" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="steudneri">
|
||
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFDCFFD4A3B0FB08DF42FACA" box="[913,1038,1273,1295]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">D. steudneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Uluguru Mountains, eastern Tanzania, 23 Jan 2004;
|
||
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFDCFFD4A13FFAEADA67FAEB" bold="true" box="[286,299,1304,1326]" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">7</emphasis>
|
||
, head, anterior view in leaf shelter on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFDCFFD4A291FAEBD863FAEB" box="[688,815,1304,1326]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Dracaena" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="13" pageNumber="314" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laxissima">
|
||
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFDCFFD4A291FAEBD863FAEB" box="[688,815,1304,1326]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">D. laxissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Misuku Hills, northern Malawi, 22 May 2004.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="2FAA8788FFDCFFD4A0B6F878DF4BF87A" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/253544/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="314" targetBox="[151,1436,1376,1908]" targetPageId="13">
|
||
<paragraph id="7B6AD700FFDCFFD4A0B6F878DF4BF87A" blockId="13.[151,1436,1930,1983]" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">
|
||
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFDCFFD4A0B6F878DA6DF865" bold="true" box="[151,289,1930,1952]" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">FIGURE 11.</emphasis>
|
||
Pupa and adult of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFDCFFD4A1D0F879D9A4F865" authority="milleri" authorityName="milleri Riley" authorityYear="1925" box="[497,744,1930,1952]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Artitropa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="314" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="milleri" subSpecies="milleri">
|
||
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFDCFFD4A1D0F879D9A4F865" box="[497,744,1930,1952]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">Artitropa milleri milleri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, collected on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFDCFFD4A3A1F879DF01F865" box="[896,1101,1930,1952]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Dracaena" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="13" pageNumber="314" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="steudneri">
|
||
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFDCFFD4A3A1F879DF01F865" box="[896,1101,1930,1952]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">Dracaena steudneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Mufindi, Tanzania, 1 Jul 2001 [TCEC].
|
||
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFDCFFD4A0D4F85BDA57F87A" bold="true" box="[245,283,1961,1983]" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">1–2</emphasis>
|
||
, pupa, 1 Jul 2001:
|
||
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFDCFFD4A1FDF85BDAA5F87A" bold="true" box="[476,489,1961,1983]" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">1</emphasis>
|
||
, dorsal view;
|
||
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFDCFFD4A259F85BD9C9F87A" bold="true" box="[632,645,1961,1983]" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">2</emphasis>
|
||
, lateral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFDCFFD4A335F85BD86CF87A" bold="true" box="[788,800,1961,1983]" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">3</emphasis>
|
||
, adult male underside.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="33CF848BFFDFFFD7A0E6FF65DEDAFED8" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="7B6AD700FFDFFFD7A0E6FF65DEDAFED8" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,285]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">
|
||
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFDFFFD7A0E6FF65DA16FF75" bold="true" box="[199,346,151,176]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">Life history.</emphasis>
|
||
The early stages (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E3EECB85FFDFFFD7A20FFF65D9E4FF75" box="[558,680,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1181,1203]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1157]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,195,1157]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 10. Ova and caterpillar of Artitropa milleri milleri [TCEC]. 1 – 2, ovum; on Dracaena laxissima, Kigogo, Mufindi, Tanzania, 11 Feb 1998: 1, dorsal view; 2, lateral view. 3, ovum, dorsal view with ribs evident; on D. laxissima, Mufindi, Tanzania, undated. 4 – 7, final instar caterpillar: 4 – 5, anterior segments, anterodorsolateral view, on D. steudneri, Mufindi, Tanzania, 4 Jun 2003; 6, anterior segments, anterodorsal view, collected on D. steudneri, Uluguru Mountains, eastern Tanzania, 23 Jan 2004; 7, head, anterior view in leaf shelter on D. laxissima, Misuku Hills, northern Malawi, 22 May 2004." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/253543/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">Figures 10</figureCitation>
|
||
–11.1–2) show no clear-cut differences from those documented in more detail for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFDFFFD7A165FF4EDAA2FF10" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1937" box="[324,494,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Artitropa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="milleri" subSpecies="coryndon">
|
||
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFDFFFD7A165FF4EDAA2FF10" box="[324,494,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">A. m. coryndon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
below. Ova can be laid all over the leaves, both surfaces, and the neonate caterpillar starts eating at the edge of the leaf it happens to be on, folding the edge under, and emerging to feed at night. The butterfly itself is crepuscular, but will fly throughout the day in dull weather. It is on the wing throughout the year.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |