242 lines
26 KiB
XML
242 lines
26 KiB
XML
<document id="6098687878A6F31F107038465AC8C61A" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3985.3.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0a09b779-2166-4305-9d3e-53effb06f108" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="253532" ID-ZooBank="46DE9DD6-55E3-4BF5-A2AF-A058A0294A72" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461257984528" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Cock, Matthew J. W., Congdon, T. Colin E. & Collins, Steve C." docDate="2015" docId="F37C6616FFD7FFDEA0B6F9CCDF6AFE31" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03985p348.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3985 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Gamia shelleyi Sharpe 1890" docType="treatment" docVersion="13" lastPageNumber="308" masterDocId="0F451E6EFFD1FFD9A021FFF2DB4CFFC5" masterDocTitle="Observations on the Biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera). Part 8. Hesperiinae incertae sedis: Dracaena Feeders" masterLastPageNumber="348" masterPageNumber="301" pageNumber="307" updateTime="1698608568688" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="1C1771BCA62D28219938D9F4DD27B38E">Observations on the Biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera). Part 8. Hesperiinae incertae sedis: Dracaena Feeders</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A585863EA64943AB5919A4D5F9055767">Cock, Matthew J. W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CAF730D21942E5407CB754D08D6E1470">Congdon, T. Colin E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="892199982FF0A9261566DB4A946BE502">Collins, Steve C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="C9204643C85DD19ACF715A4E932FDC10">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="F2955DA3AD317C2F6AC40B3A1EAE72DB">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="9E9E9A457D0D5193E9CB2E851E92CEBA">3985</mods:number>
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<treatment id="F37C6616FFD7FFDEA0B6F9CCDF6AFE31" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6527920" ID-GBIF-Taxon="123200807" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6527920" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F37C6616FFD7FFDEA0B6F9CCDF6AFE31" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F37C6616FFD7FFDEA0B6F9CCDF6AFE31" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="308" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">
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<subSubSection id="33CF848BFFD7FFDFA0B6F9CCDAB9F99D" box="[151,501,1598,1624]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="7B6AD700FFD7FFDFA0B6F9CCDAB9F99D" blockId="6.[151,501,1598,1624]" box="[151,501,1598,1624]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">
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<heading id="2022606CFFD7FFDFA0B6F9CCDAB9F99D" bold="true" box="[151,501,1598,1624]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFD7FFDFA0B6F9CCDAB9F99D" ID-CoL="3F7ZC" authority="Sharpe, 1890" authorityName="Sharpe" authorityYear="1890" box="[151,501,1598,1624]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Gamia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shelleyi">
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<emphasis id="49A10B12FFD7FFDFA0B6F9CCDAB9F99D" bold="true" box="[151,501,1598,1624]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">
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<emphasis id="49A10B12FFD7FFDFA0B6F9CCDA07F99D" bold="true" box="[151,331,1598,1624]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Gamia shelleyi</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="1F44AAF1FFD7FFDFA173F9CCDAB9F99D" author="Sharpe" box="[338,501,1598,1624]" firstAuthor="Sharpe" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" pagination="346" refId="ref32529" refString="Sharpe, E. M. (1890) Descriptions of some new species of African butterflies in the collection of Captain G. E. Shelley. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 6, 6, 346 - 350. http: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939008694045" type="journal article" year="1890">Sharpe, 1890</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="33CF848BFFD7FFDFA0B6F977D93FF8EB" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="7B6AD700FFD7FFDFA0B6F977D93FF8EB" blockId="6.[151,1436,1669,2018]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">
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<bibRefCitation id="1F44AAF1FFD7FFDFA0B6F977DA7BF95B" author="Sharpe" box="[151,311,1669,1694]" firstAuthor="Sharpe" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" pagination="346" refId="ref32529" refString="Sharpe, E. M. (1890) Descriptions of some new species of African butterflies in the collection of Captain G. E. Shelley. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 6, 6, 346 - 350. http: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939008694045" type="journal article" year="1890">Sharpe (1890)</bibRefCitation>
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described this species in the genus
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<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFD7FFDFA2EFF977D874F95B" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1819" box="[718,824,1669,1694]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Proteides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="49A10B12FFD7FFDFA2EFF977D874F95B" box="[718,824,1669,1694]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Proteides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, based on a male captured by Captain G.E. Shelley at Fantee,
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<collectingCountry id="03C29790FFD7FFDFA0D0F95BDA72F907" box="[241,318,1705,1730]" name="Ghana" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Ghana</collectingCountry>
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. The range of this species is similar to the last, in the rainforests of tropical Africa from
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<collectingCountry id="03C29790FFD7FFDFA50CF95BDE32F907" box="[1325,1406,1705,1730]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Guinea</collectingCountry>
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to western
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<collectingCountry id="03C29790FFD7FFDFA0D4F93CDA0DF923" box="[245,321,1742,1766]" name="Kenya" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Kenya</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="03C29790FFD7FFDFA16CF93FDAFDF923" box="[333,433,1741,1766]" name="Tanzania" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
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(Kigoma and Mpanda northwards to the
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<collectingCountry id="03C29790FFD7FFDFA3A0F93FD894F923" box="[897,984,1741,1766]" name="Uganda" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Uganda</collectingCountry>
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border at Minziro) and south to
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<collectingCountry id="03C29790FFD7FFDFA567F93FDED0F923" box="[1350,1436,1741,1766]" name="Zambia" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Zambia</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="1F44AAF1FFD7FFDFA0BFF903DA62F8CF" author="Larsen" box="[158,302,1777,1802]" firstAuthor="Larsen" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" refId="ref31586" refString="Larsen, T. B. (2005) Butterflies of West Africa. 2 Vols. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, 595 + 270 pp." type="book" year="2005">Larsen 2005</bibRefCitation>
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) and
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<collectingCountry id="03C29790FFD7FFDFA14CF903DA8CF8CF" box="[365,448,1777,1802]" name="Angola" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Angola</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="1F44AAF1FFD7FFDFA1EEF903D9E1F8CC" author="Mendes" box="[463,685,1777,1802]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Mendes" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" refId="ref31745" refString="Mendes, L. F., Bivar de Sousa, A. & Figueira, R. (2013) Butterflies of Angola - Lepidoptera / Papilionoidea. Borboletas Diurnas de Angola. Vol 1. Hesperiidae-Papilionidae. CIBIO - Centro de Investigacao em Biodiversidade e Recursos Geneticos, Vairao, Portugal and IICT - Instituto de Investigacao Cientifica Tropical. Lisbon, Portugal, 286 pp." type="book" year="2013">
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Mendes
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<emphasis id="49A10B12FFD7FFDFA211F900D92DF8CF" box="[560,609,1777,1802]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">et al</emphasis>
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. 2013
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</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<bibRefCitation id="1F44AAF1FFD7FFDFA2E0F903D83FF8CC" author="Kielland" box="[705,883,1777,1802]" firstAuthor="Kielland" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" refId="ref31481" refString="Kielland, J. (1990) Butterflies of Tanzania. Hill House, Melbourne, 363 pp." type="book" year="1990">Kielland (1990)</bibRefCitation>
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associates this species with dense forests around
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<quantity id="BC2D7AE5FFD7FFDFA0B6F8E4DA0DF8EB" box="[151,321,1814,1838]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" unit="m" value="1250.0" valueMax="1300.0" valueMin="1200.0">
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<date id="0F6BF1C0FFD7FFDFA0B6F8E4DA66F8EB" box="[151,298,1814,1838]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" value="1200" valueMax="1300">1200 to 1300</date>
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m
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</quantity>
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in north-western
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<collectingCountry id="03C29790FFD7FFDFA226F8E7D923F8EB" box="[519,623,1813,1838]" name="Tanzania" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="33CF848BFFD7FFDEA0E6F8CBD920FF3D" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="308" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="7B6AD700FFD7FFDEA0E6F8CBD920FF3D" blockId="6.[151,1436,1669,2018]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1437,151,501]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="308" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">
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<emphasis id="49A10B12FFD7FFDFA0E6F8CBDA17F897" bold="true" box="[199,347,1849,1874]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Food plants.</emphasis>
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The story of the reported food plants is similar to that for
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<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFD7FFDFA3C6F8C8DF3EF897" authorityName="Plotz" authorityYear="1879" box="[999,1138,1849,1874]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Gamia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="buchholzi">
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<emphasis id="49A10B12FFD7FFDFA3C6F8C8DF3EF897" box="[999,1138,1849,1874]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">G. buchholzi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<bibRefCitation id="1F44AAF1FFD7FFDFA4A1F8C8DE24F894" author="Van Someren" box="[1152,1384,1849,1873]" firstAuthor="Van Someren" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" pagination="315" refId="ref33112" refString="Van Someren, V. G. L. (1974) List of foodplants of some East African Rhopalocera, with notes on the early stages of some Lycaenidae. Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society, 28, 315 - 331." type="journal article" year="1974">Van Someren (1974)</bibRefCitation>
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lists
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<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFD7FFDFA0B6F8AFDBA4F8B3" authorityName="Palisot de Beauvois" authorityYear="1806" box="[151,232,1885,1910]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Raphia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="49A10B12FFD7FFDFA0B6F8AFDBA4F8B3" box="[151,232,1885,1910]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Raphia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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spp.,
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<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFD7FFDFA112F8ACDAD6F8B0" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" box="[307,410,1886,1909]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Borassus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="49A10B12FFD7FFDFA112F8ACDAD6F8B0" box="[307,410,1886,1909]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Borassus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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spp. and
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<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFD7FFDFA233F8AFD922F8B3" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" box="[530,622,1885,1910]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Phoenix" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="49A10B12FFD7FFDFA233F8AFD922F8B3" box="[530,622,1885,1910]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Phoenix</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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spp., which
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<bibRefCitation id="1F44AAF1FFD7FFDFA329F8AFD8ABF8B3" author="Sevastopulo" box="[776,999,1885,1910]" firstAuthor="Sevastopulo" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" pagination="147 - 172" refId="ref32373" refString="Sevastopulo, D. G. (1975) Hesperiidae. In: Sevastopulo, D. G. (1975 - 1978) A list of the food-plants of East African Macrolepidoptera. Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society, 34, pp. 131 - 132. [pp. 84 - 92, 124 - 132, 175 - 184; 35, pp. 94 - 100, 177 - 195; 36, pp. 45 - 50; 37, pp. 147 - 172, 202 - 216]" type="journal article" year="1975">Sevastopulo (1975)</bibRefCitation>
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lists as
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<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFD7FFDFA46CF8ACDFDFF8B0" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" box="[1101,1171,1886,1909]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Cocos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="49A10B12FFD7FFDFA46CF8ACDFDFF8B0" box="[1101,1171,1886,1909]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Cocos</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFD7FFDFA484F8ACDE40F8B0" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" box="[1189,1292,1886,1909]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Borassus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="49A10B12FFD7FFDFA484F8ACDE40F8B0" box="[1189,1292,1886,1909]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Borassus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFD7FFDFA56AF8AFDED0F8B3" authorityName="Palisot de Beauvois" authorityYear="1806" box="[1355,1436,1885,1910]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Raphia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="49A10B12FFD7FFDFA56AF8AFDED0F8B3" box="[1355,1436,1885,1910]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Raphia</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
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palms, although the substitution of
|
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<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFD7FFDFA205F870D926F85C" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" box="[548,618,1922,1945]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Cocos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="49A10B12FFD7FFDFA205F870D926F85C" box="[548,618,1922,1945]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Cocos</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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for
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<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFD7FFDFA2B8F873D9B9F85F" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" box="[665,757,1921,1946]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Phoenix" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="49A10B12FFD7FFDFA2B8F873D9B9F85F" box="[665,757,1921,1946]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Phoenix</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
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is probably a lapse.
|
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<bibRefCitation id="1F44AAF1FFD7FFDFA3FDF873DFDDF85C" author="Kielland" box="[988,1169,1921,1946]" firstAuthor="Kielland" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" refId="ref31481" refString="Kielland, J. (1990) Butterflies of Tanzania. Hill House, Melbourne, 363 pp." type="book" year="1990">Kielland (1990)</bibRefCitation>
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,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1F44AAF1FFD7FFDFA4BCF870DE72F85C" author="Larsen" box="[1181,1342,1921,1945]" firstAuthor="Larsen" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" refId="ref31559" refString="Larsen, T. B. (1991) The Butterflies of Kenya and their Natural History. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 490 pp." type="book" year="1991">Larsen (1991)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1F44AAF1FFD7FFDFA56BF873DA67F87B" author="Ackery" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Ackery" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" refId="ref29534" refString="Ackery, P. R., Smith, C. R. & Vane-Wright, R. I. (Eds.) (1995) Carcasson's African Butterflies. An annotated catalogue of the Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea of the Afrotropical Region. CSIRO Publications, Melbourne, 803 pp." type="book" year="1995">
|
||
Ackery
|
||
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFD7FFDFA0B6F854DB81F87B" box="[151,205,1957,1982]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1995)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1F44AAF1FFD7FFDFA14CF857D91DF87B" author="Heath" box="[365,593,1957,1982]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Heath" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" refId="ref30712" refString="Heath, A., Newport, M. A. & Hancock, D. (2002) The Butterflies of Zambia. African Butterfly Research Institute and The Lepidopterists' Society of Africa, Nairobi, 137 pp. + CD." type="book" year="2002">
|
||
Heath
|
||
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFD7FFDFA19DF854DABEF87B" box="[444,498,1957,1982]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2002)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
repeat these records.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1F44AAF1FFD7FFDFA37AF854D8B2F87B" author="Larsen" box="[859,1022,1957,1982]" firstAuthor="Larsen" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" refId="ref31586" refString="Larsen, T. B. (2005) Butterflies of West Africa. 2 Vols. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, 595 + 270 pp." type="book" year="2005">Larsen (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
quotes SCC that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFD7FFDFA4F9F854DE69F878" authorityName="Holland" authorityYear="1896" box="[1240,1317,1958,1981]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Gamia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFD7FFDFA4F9F854DE69F878" box="[1240,1317,1958,1981]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Gamia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. feed exclusively on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFD7FFDFA160F838DAFDF824" box="[321,433,1994,2017]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">
|
||
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFD7FFDFA160F838DAFDF824" box="[321,433,1994,2017]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Dracaena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. This was based on SCC’s record of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFD7FFDFA35EF838D8BFF827" authorityName="Sharpe" authorityYear="1890" box="[895,1011,1993,2018]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Gamia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shelleyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFD7FFDFA35EF838D8BFF827" box="[895,1011,1993,2018]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">G. shelleyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFD7FFDFA418F838DFB0F824" box="[1081,1276,1994,2017]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Dracaena" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="camerooniana">
|
||
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFD7FFDFA418F838DF01F824" box="[1081,1101,1994,2017]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">D</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFD7FFDFA47AF838DFB0F824" box="[1115,1276,1994,2017]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">camerooniana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="03C29790FFD7FFDFA501F83BDED4F824" box="[1312,1432,1993,2017]" name="Cameroon" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and Ivan Bampton’s from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFD6FFDEA1F5FF6BD92AFF75" box="[468,614,151,176]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Dracaena" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="308" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laxissima">
|
||
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFD6FFDEA1F5FF6BD92AFF75" box="[468,614,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">D. laxissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Nandi Forest,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="03C29790FFD6FFDEA361FF6AD8C1FF75" box="[832,909,152,176]" name="Kenya" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
||
. SCC has since reared this species from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFD6FFDEA5A0FF6BDA74FF11" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Dracaena" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="308" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="camerooniana">
|
||
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFD6FFDEA5A0FF6BDA74FF11" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">D. camerooniana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="03C29790FFD6FFDEA17AFF4EDAE3FF10" box="[347,431,188,213]" name="Nigeria" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Obudu Plateau,
|
||
<date id="0F6BF1C0FFD6FFDEA250FF4ED9ACFF11" box="[625,736,188,212]" pageId="7" pageNumber="308" value="2007-04">Apr 2007</date>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFD6FFDEA2D3FF4FD832FF10" box="[754,894,188,213]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Dracaena" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="308" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laxissima">
|
||
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFD6FFDEA2D3FF4FD832FF10" box="[754,894,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">D. laxissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="03C29790FFD6FFDEA380FF4ED8B4FF10" box="[929,1016,188,213]" name="Uganda" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">Uganda</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Mpigi Forest,
|
||
<quantity id="BC2D7AE5FFD6FFDEA486FF4EDFA1FF10" box="[1191,1261,188,213]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="308" unit="km" value="30.0">30 km</quantity>
|
||
west Kampala) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFD6FFDEA0E7FF13DA0DFF3D" authorityName="Link" authorityYear="1821" baseAuthorityName="Willd." box="[198,321,223,248]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Dracaena" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="308" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arborea">
|
||
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFD6FFDEA0E7FF13DA0DFF3D" box="[198,321,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">D. arborea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on Bioko (
|
||
<date id="0F6BF1C0FFD6FFDEA19EFF2DD92CFF3D" box="[447,608,223,248]" pageId="7" pageNumber="308" value="2011-01" valueMax="2011-02-31" valueMin="2011-01-00">Jan–Feb 2011</date>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="33CF848BFFD6FFDEA0E6FEF6DF6AFE31" pageId="7" pageNumber="308" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="7B6AD700FFD6FFDEA0E6FEF6DF6AFE31" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,501]" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
|
||
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFD6FFDEA0E6FEF6DA15FED8" bold="true" box="[199,345,260,285]" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">Life history.</emphasis>
|
||
SCC reared this species from caterpillars on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFD6FFDEA343FEF7DF6BFED9" box="[866,1063,261,284]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Dracaena" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="308" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="camerooniana">
|
||
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFD6FFDEA343FEF7DF6BFED9" box="[866,1063,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">D. camerooniana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="03C29790FFD6FFDEA46FFEF6DF8AFED9" box="[1102,1222,260,284]" name="Cameroon" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and the following account is based on his observations. In
|
||
<figureCitation id="E3EECB85FFD6FFDEA24AFED5D982FE85" box="[619,718,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1490,1512]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,555,1465]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,555,1465]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Caterpillar, pupa and adult of Gamia shelleyi, collected on Dracaena camerooniana, Ebogo, Cameroon [SCC]. 1 – 2, early final instar, dorsal view; 3 – 6 late final instar, 3 – 4 dorsal view, 5, anterodorsal view, 6 anterior view; 7 – 9 pupa in near dorsal view, dorsolateral view and lateral view; 10, adult female underside, 9 Oct 2005." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/253537/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">Figure 4</figureCitation>
|
||
, all caterpillar figures are in the final instar. Figures 4.1–2 are early final instar; the body is relatively slender, blue-grey in colour, and the head is yellow brown with black markings. Figures 4.5–6 are near prepupa; the body is green-grey and the ground colour of the head has changed to pale brown, making the paler area around the central black spot of the face more prominent. Figures 4.3–4 are intermediate. The pupal shelter and pupa (Figure 4.7–9) are very similar to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFD6FFDEA46DFE4ADF94FE15" authorityName="Plotz" authorityYear="1879" box="[1100,1240,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Gamia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="308" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="buchholzi">
|
||
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFD6FFDEA46DFE4ADF94FE15" box="[1100,1240,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">G. buchholzi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The pupa is
|
||
<quantity id="BC2D7AE5FFD6FFDEA553FE4ADB92FE31" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" metricValueMax="3.3" metricValueMin="3.2" pageId="7" pageNumber="308" unit="mm" value="32.5" valueMax="33.0" valueMin="32.0">32– 33mm</quantity>
|
||
long, and the proboscis exends
|
||
<quantity id="BC2D7AE5FFD6FFDEA264FE2ED9F2FE31" box="[581,702,476,500]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="308" unit="mm" value="11.0" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="10.0">10–12 mm</quantity>
|
||
beyond the tip of the cremaster.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |