256 lines
28 KiB
XML
256 lines
28 KiB
XML
<document id="C6C536E60EAE659A57F07C4DCBE283E6" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3985.3.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0a09b779-2166-4305-9d3e-53effb06f108" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="253532" ID-ZooBank="46DE9DD6-55E3-4BF5-A2AF-A058A0294A72" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461257984528" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Cock, Matthew J. W., Congdon, T. Colin E. & Collins, Steve C." docDate="2015" docId="F37C6616FFCEFFF9A0B6FADFD839FBF1" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03985p348.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3985 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Artitropa erinnys subsp. ehlersi Karsch 1896" docType="treatment" docVersion="14" lastPageNumber="333" masterDocId="0F451E6EFFD1FFD9A021FFF2DB4CFFC5" masterDocTitle="Observations on the Biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera). Part 8. Hesperiinae incertae sedis: Dracaena Feeders" masterLastPageNumber="348" masterPageNumber="301" pageNumber="332" updateTime="1698608568688" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="D3D7C828A537CB3013E112123C077E9B">Observations on the Biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera). Part 8. Hesperiinae incertae sedis: Dracaena Feeders</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7A40DA60F41E33B37C7BF8FC98E7B98F">Cock, Matthew J. W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3F3CB19F282FCBCC94081E800201D68A">Congdon, T. Colin E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1DCA35FCB6C57F32BCF9701CC2C827B4">Collins, Steve C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="420C3F7721E955A9CCEA6BCD90D3D760">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="A7962EE5E1E44D4B9E5A77475EC08D04">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="0933C89F134C8B77E12C9AD51C7CD5A5">2015-07-13</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="82520C2625E799F5F55D97A1FC0B5FCE">3985</mods:number>
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<treatment id="F37C6616FFCEFFF9A0B6FADFD839FBF1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6527950" ID-GBIF-Taxon="123200810" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6527950" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F37C6616FFCEFFF9A0B6FADFD839FBF1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F37C6616FFCEFFF9A0B6FADFD839FBF1" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="333" pageId="31" pageNumber="332">
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<subSubSection id="33CF848BFFCEFFC6A0B6FADFD927FA82" box="[151,619,1325,1351]" pageId="31" pageNumber="332" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="7B6AD700FFCEFFC6A0B6FADFD927FA82" blockId="31.[151,619,1325,1351]" box="[151,619,1325,1351]" pageId="31" pageNumber="332">
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<heading id="2022606CFFCEFFC6A0B6FADFD927FA82" bold="true" box="[151,619,1325,1351]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="31" pageNumber="332" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFCEFFC6A0B6FADFD927FA82" ID-CoL="5FSQW" authority="Karsch, 1896" authorityName="Karsch" authorityYear="1896" box="[151,619,1325,1351]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Artitropa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="332" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="erinnys" subSpecies="ehlersi">
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<emphasis id="49A10B12FFCEFFC6A0B6FADFD927FA82" bold="true" box="[151,619,1325,1351]" pageId="31" pageNumber="332">
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<emphasis id="49A10B12FFCEFFC6A0B6FADFDAF3FA82" bold="true" box="[151,447,1325,1351]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="332">Artitropa erinnys ehlersi</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="1F44AAF1FFCEFFC6A1E7FADFD927FA82" author="Karsch" box="[454,619,1325,1351]" firstAuthor="Karsch" pageId="31" pageNumber="332" pagination="372" refId="ref31462" refString="Karsch, F. (1896) Aethiopische hesperiiden. Entomologische Nachrichten, 22, 372 - 378." type="journal article" year="1896">Karsch, 1896</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="33CF848BFFCEFFC6A0B6FA86DE68F969" pageId="31" pageNumber="332" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="7B6AD700FFCEFFC6A0B6FA86DE68F969" blockId="31.[151,1436,1396,2033]" pageId="31" pageNumber="332">
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<bibRefCitation id="1F44AAF1FFCEFFC6A0B6FA86DA74FA48" author="Karsch" box="[151,312,1396,1421]" firstAuthor="Karsch" pageId="31" pageNumber="332" pagination="372" refId="ref31462" refString="Karsch, F. (1896) Aethiopische hesperiiden. Entomologische Nachrichten, 22, 372 - 378." type="journal article" year="1896">Karsch (1896)</bibRefCitation>
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described
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<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFCEFFC6A190FA86D920FA48" box="[433,620,1396,1421]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Artitropa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="332" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ehlersi">
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<emphasis id="49A10B12FFCEFFC6A190FA86D920FA48" box="[433,620,1396,1421]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="332">Artitropa ehlersi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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based on specimens from Kilimanjaro (= Kilimandjaro) collected by the explorer [Otto E.] Ehlers (now in the Berlin Museum and the only
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<typeStatus id="A46E69A2FFCEFFC6A3AEFA6AD8F3FA75" box="[911,959,1432,1456]" pageId="31" pageNumber="332">type</typeStatus>
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referred to by
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<bibRefCitation id="1F44AAF1FFCEFFC6A44BFA6ADE46FA75" author="Evans" box="[1130,1290,1432,1456]" firstAuthor="Evans" pageId="31" pageNumber="332" refId="ref30531" refString="Evans, W. H. (1937) A catalogue of the African Hesperiidae indicating the classification and nomenclature adopted in the British Museum. British Museum (Natural History), London, 212 pp., 30 plates." type="book" year="1937">Evans (1937))</bibRefCitation>
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and the area around Mlalo, north Usambara Mountains, collected by the botanist [Carl H.E.W.] Holst. It is known to occur from coastal
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<collectingCountry id="03C29790FFCEFFC6A0CAFA12DA78FA3D" box="[235,308,1504,1528]" name="Kenya" pageId="31" pageNumber="332">Kenya</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="1F44AAF1FFCEFFC6A163FA12DA83FA3D" author="Larsen" box="[322,463,1504,1528]" firstAuthor="Larsen" pageId="31" pageNumber="332" refId="ref31559" refString="Larsen, T. B. (1991) The Butterflies of Kenya and their Natural History. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 490 pp." type="book" year="1991">Larsen 1991</bibRefCitation>
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) and coastal
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<collectingCountry id="03C29790FFCEFFC6A240FA2DD989FA3D" box="[609,709,1503,1528]" name="Tanzania" pageId="31" pageNumber="332">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
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inland to Mt. Meru in the north (
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<bibRefCitation id="1F44AAF1FFCEFFC6A415FA2DDF95FA3D" author="Kielland" box="[1076,1241,1503,1528]" firstAuthor="Kielland" pageId="31" pageNumber="332" refId="ref31481" refString="Kielland, J. (1990) Butterflies of Tanzania. Hill House, Melbourne, 363 pp." type="book" year="1990">Kielland 1990</bibRefCitation>
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), and south to the Rondo Plateau in south-eastern
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<collectingCountry id="03C29790FFCEFFC6A1DDF9F6D92DF9D8" box="[508,609,1540,1565]" name="Tanzania" pageId="31" pageNumber="332">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
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(TCEC) and Mt. Makulu,
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<collectingCountry id="03C29790FFCEFFC6A3ACF9F6DF6DF9D8" box="[909,1057,1540,1565]" name="Mozambique" pageId="31" pageNumber="332">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
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(ABRI coll.).
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<bibRefCitation id="1F44AAF1FFCEFFC6A4E5F9F6DA65F985" author="Sevastopulo" pageId="31" pageNumber="332" pagination="131" refId="ref32345" refString="Sevastopulo, D. G. (1974) Butterflies of the Shimba Hills. Entomologist's Record and Journal of Variation, 86, 131 - 136." type="journal article" year="1974">Sevastopulo (1974, unpublished)</bibRefCitation>
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records it from the Shimba Hills, V.G.L. Van Someren from the Rabai Hills (BMNH accessions;
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<specimenCount id="6DD31C89FFCEFFC6A5AFF9DADA43F9A0" pageId="31" pageNumber="332" type="generic">7 specimens</specimenCount>
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,
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<date id="0F6BF1C0FFCEFFC6A13BF9BEDA31F9A1" box="[282,381,1612,1636]" pageId="31" pageNumber="332" value="1933" valueMax="1934">1933–34</date>
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) and SCC has reared it from several locations around
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<collectingCountry id="03C29790FFCEFFC6A3C3F9BEDF1CF9A0" box="[994,1104,1612,1637]" name="Kenya" pageId="31" pageNumber="332">Mombasa</collectingCountry>
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and Watamu in 2008.
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<bibRefCitation id="1F44AAF1FFCEFFC6A571F9BFDBADF94D" author="Larsen" firstAuthor="Larsen" pageId="31" pageNumber="332" refId="ref31559" refString="Larsen, T. B. (1991) The Butterflies of Kenya and their Natural History. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 490 pp." type="book" year="1991">Larsen (1991)</bibRefCitation>
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refers to it occurring in the Teita Hills of southern
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<collectingCountry id="03C29790FFCEFFC6A368F982D8D9F94D" box="[841,917,1648,1672]" name="Kenya" pageId="31" pageNumber="332">Kenya</collectingCountry>
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, but we treat this population as ssp.
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<emphasis id="49A10B12FFCEFFC6A568F99DDED0F94D" box="[1353,1436,1647,1672]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="332">radiata</emphasis>
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(above). Subspecies
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<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFCEFFC6A15FF966DA86F968" box="[382,458,1684,1709]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Artitropa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="332" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ehlersi">
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<emphasis id="49A10B12FFCEFFC6A15FF966DA86F968" box="[382,458,1684,1709]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="332">ehlersi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is not rare around Arusha, where SCC found it flying in the middle of town.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="33CF848BFFCEFFC6A0E6F945D867F86D" pageId="31" pageNumber="332" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="7B6AD700FFCEFFC6A0E6F945D867F86D" blockId="31.[151,1436,1396,2033]" pageId="31" pageNumber="332">
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<emphasis id="49A10B12FFCEFFC6A0E6F945DA10F915" bold="true" box="[199,348,1719,1744]" pageId="31" pageNumber="332">Food plants.</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="1F44AAF1FFCEFFC6A145F94AD902F915" author="Van Someren" box="[356,590,1720,1744]" firstAuthor="Van Someren" pageId="31" pageNumber="332" pagination="315" refId="ref33112" refString="Van Someren, V. G. L. (1974) List of foodplants of some East African Rhopalocera, with notes on the early stages of some Lycaenidae. Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society, 28, 315 - 331." type="journal article" year="1974">Van Someren (1974)</bibRefCitation>
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lists several
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<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFCEFFC6A2C2F94BD81FF915" box="[739,851,1721,1744]" pageId="31" pageNumber="332">
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<emphasis id="49A10B12FFCEFFC6A2C2F94BD81FF915" box="[739,851,1721,1744]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="332">Dracaena</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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spp. as food plants for
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<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFCEFFC6A47EF94ADF9EF915" authorityName="Trimen" authorityYear="1862" box="[1119,1234,1720,1744]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Artitropa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="332" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erinnys">
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<emphasis id="49A10B12FFCEFFC6A47EF94ADF9EF915" box="[1119,1234,1720,1744]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="332">A. erinnys</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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‘and subspecies’. Of these,
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<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFCEFFC6A128F92FDA30F931" authorityName="Baker" authorityYear="1874" box="[265,380,1757,1780]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Dracaena" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="31" pageNumber="332" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mannii">
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<emphasis id="49A10B12FFCEFFC6A128F92FDA30F931" box="[265,380,1757,1780]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="332">D. mannii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is only found in the coastal area of
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<collectingCountry id="03C29790FFCEFFC6A30BF92FD83AF930" box="[810,886,1757,1781]" name="Kenya" pageId="31" pageNumber="332">Kenya</collectingCountry>
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, and so this record must apply to
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<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFCEFFC6A528F92EDED9F930" authorityName="Karsch" authorityYear="1896" box="[1289,1429,1756,1781]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Artitropa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="332" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="erinnys" subSpecies="ehlersi">
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<emphasis id="49A10B12FFCEFFC6A528F92EDED9F930" box="[1289,1429,1756,1781]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="332">A. e. ehlersi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<bibRefCitation id="1F44AAF1FFCEFFC6A0B6F90DDA3EF8DD" author="Sevastopulo" box="[151,370,1791,1816]" firstAuthor="Sevastopulo" pageId="31" pageNumber="332" pagination="131" refId="ref32345" refString="Sevastopulo, D. G. (1974) Butterflies of the Shimba Hills. Entomologist's Record and Journal of Variation, 86, 131 - 136." type="journal article" year="1974">Sevastopulo (1974)</bibRefCitation>
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reports
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<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFCEFFC6A1EFF8F2D9D5F8DD" authorityName="Riley" authorityYear="1925" box="[462,665,1791,1816]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Artitropa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="332" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="erinnys" subSpecies="radiata">
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<emphasis id="49A10B12FFCEFFC6A1EFF8F2D9D5F8DD" box="[462,665,1791,1816]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="332">A. erinnys radiata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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caterpillars as not uncommon in the Makardara Forest on
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<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFCEFFC6A50DF8F3DED0F8DD" box="[1324,1436,1793,1816]" pageId="31" pageNumber="332">
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<emphasis id="49A10B12FFCEFFC6A50DF8F3DED0F8DD" box="[1324,1436,1793,1816]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="332">Dracaena</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. and documented the final instar and pupa (Sevastopulo unpublished); we treat this population as
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<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFCEFFC6A506F8D6DBAFF8A5" authorityName="Karsch" authorityYear="1896" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Artitropa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="332" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="erinnys" subSpecies="ehlersi">
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<emphasis id="49A10B12FFCEFFC6A506F8D6DBAFF8A5" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="332">A. erinnys ehlersi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. SCC has reared
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<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFCEFFC6A188F8BAD923F8A5" authorityName="Karsch" authorityYear="1896" box="[425,623,1863,1888]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Artitropa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="332" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="erinnys" subSpecies="ehlersi">
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<emphasis id="49A10B12FFCEFFC6A188F8BAD923F8A5" box="[425,623,1863,1888]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="332">A. erinnys ehlersi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from
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<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFCEFFC6A294F8BBD874F8A5" authorityName="Ker Gawl" authorityYear="1808" baseAuthorityName="L." box="[693,824,1864,1888]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Dracaena" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="31" pageNumber="332" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fragrans">
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<emphasis id="49A10B12FFCEFFC6A294F8BBD874F8A5" box="[693,824,1864,1888]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="332">D. fragrans</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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around
|
||
<collectingCountry id="03C29790FFCEFFC6A3B4F8B5DF4FF8A5" box="[917,1027,1863,1888]" name="Kenya" pageId="31" pageNumber="332">Mombasa</collectingCountry>
|
||
and Watamu at the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="03C29790FFCEFFC6A4C7F8BBDE63F8A4" box="[1254,1327,1865,1889]" name="Kenya" pageId="31" pageNumber="332">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
||
Coast. In TCEC’s experience the normal food plant seems to be
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFCEFFC6A331F89FD8CEF841" authorityName="Baker" authorityYear="1874" box="[784,898,1901,1924]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Dracaena" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="31" pageNumber="332" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mannii">
|
||
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFCEFFC6A331F89FD8CEF841" box="[784,898,1901,1924]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="332">D. mannii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but it has also been collected on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFCEFFC6A52EF89FDED0F840" box="[1295,1436,1900,1925]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Dracaena" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="31" pageNumber="332" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="steudneri">
|
||
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFCEFFC6A52EF89FDED0F840" box="[1295,1436,1900,1925]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="332">D. steudneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Dar es Salaam, Nguru Mountains and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="03C29790FFCEFFC6A26CF863D935F86D" box="[589,633,1937,1960]" name="United States of America" pageId="31" pageNumber="332">Usa</collectingCountry>
|
||
River, Arusha).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="33CF848BFFCEFFF9A0E6F846D839FBF1" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="333" pageId="31" pageNumber="332" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="7B6AD700FFCEFFF9A0E6F846DE0CFE68" blockId="31.[151,1436,1396,2033]" lastBlockId="32.[151,1437,151,1077]" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="333" pageId="31" pageNumber="332">
|
||
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFCEFFC6A0E6F846D996F808" bold="true" box="[199,730,1972,1997]" pageId="31" pageNumber="332">
|
||
Life history,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="03C29790FFCEFFC6A141F846DAE2F808" box="[352,430,1972,1997]" name="Kenya" pageId="31" pageNumber="332">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
||
Coast and Shimba Hills.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Sevastopulo (unpublished) documented the early stages based on a full grown caterpillar found on a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFCEFFC6A241F82BD99CF835" box="[608,720,2009,2032]" pageId="31" pageNumber="332">
|
||
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFCEFFC6A241F82BD99CF835" box="[608,720,2009,2032]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="332">Dracaena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. at Kwale,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="03C29790FFCEFFC6A35EF82BD887F834" box="[895,971,2009,2033]" name="Kenya" pageId="31" pageNumber="332">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
||
, in
|
||
<date id="0F6BF1C0FFCEFFC6A3DAF82BDF38F834" box="[1019,1140,2008,2033]" pageId="31" pageNumber="332" value="1963-06">June 1963</date>
|
||
, which he treated as ssp.
|
||
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFF1FFF9A0B6FF65DBA6FF75" box="[151,234,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="333">radiata</emphasis>
|
||
. Caterpillar ‘head dull yellow, the frons [dorsal part of adfrontals] edged with black and with two large black spots, one below the other on each lobe [epicranium]; a smaller black lateral spot, posteriorly. First somite [T1] with a distinct neck and a black lateral spot. Colour greyish green, a darker dorsal line due to the intestinal canal. Anal flap flat, edged with whitish forming a heart shaped mark, with a blackish spot in each of the curves above. Legs, prolegs and venter green. Spiracles white. The anal flap showing through the end of the cell [leaf shelter] is slightly reminiscent of a lizard’s head, the pale line making the outline of the jaws and the black spots the eyes. In the early instars the whole heart shaped mark is black.’ Sevastopulo’s photos include an anterior shot of the head; the dark dorsal part of the adfrontals and frons making an inverted W-shape in the centre of the face.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7B6AD700FFF1FFF9A0E6FE45D917FD40" blockId="32.[151,1437,151,1077]" pageId="32" pageNumber="333">
|
||
Sevastopulo also records that the pupa as formed ‘in the old larval cell [leaf shelter] now lined with silk and coated with a waxy powder, and closed anteriorly by a silken curtain. Head, thorax and wing cases green, the abdomen yellow, the whole so heavily coated by a white waxy powder that the actual colour is more [or] less concealed. Supported by a girdle and the cremaster being fixed in the silk lining of the cell. Shape very moth-like, the head rounded without any central projection. The proboscis sheath extending some
|
||
<quantity id="BC2D7AE5FFF1FFF9A441FDB5DFD6FDA5" box="[1120,1178,583,608]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="333" unit="mm" value="5.0">5mm</quantity>
|
||
beyond the apex of the abdomen.’ The pupa eclosed in 12 days.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7B6AD700FFF1FFF9A0E6FD62DE40FC98" blockId="32.[151,1437,151,1077]" pageId="32" pageNumber="333">
|
||
A final instar caterpillar that SCC reared from the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="03C29790FFF1FFF9A2CCFD62D879FD6D" box="[749,821,656,680]" name="Kenya" pageId="32" pageNumber="333">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
||
Coast (Figure 28.1) matches those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFF1FFF9A4F7FD62DED0FD6D" authorityName="Riley" authorityYear="1925" box="[1238,1436,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Artitropa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="333" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="erinnys" subSpecies="radiata">
|
||
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFF1FFF9A4F7FD62DED0FD6D" box="[1238,1436,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="333">A. erinnys radiata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Teita Hills, Mt. Sagalla, Kasigau), except that the vertical streak on the frons is reduced to an ill-defined spot. The caterpillars of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFF1FFF9A115FD2ADAB6FD35" authorityName="Riley" authorityYear="1925" box="[308,506,727,752]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Artitropa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="333" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="erinnys" subSpecies="radiata">
|
||
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFF1FFF9A115FD2ADAB6FD35" box="[308,506,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="333">A. erinnys radiata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and coastal
|
||
<collectingCountry id="03C29790FFF1FFF9A2A2FD2AD994FD35" box="[643,728,728,752]" name="Kenya" pageId="32" pageNumber="333">Kenyan</collectingCountry>
|
||
populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFF1FFF9A3A2FD2ADF0FFD35" authorityName="Karsch" authorityYear="1896" box="[899,1091,727,752]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Artitropa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="333" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="erinnys" subSpecies="ehlersi">
|
||
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFF1FFF9A3A2FD2ADF0FFD35" box="[899,1091,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="333">A. erinnys ehlersi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have a lateral spot on the head, which is not found in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFF1FFF9A1A7FD0ED90AFCD0" authorityName="Karsch" authorityYear="1896" box="[390,582,764,789]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Artitropa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="333" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="erinnys" subSpecies="ehlersi">
|
||
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFF1FFF9A1A7FD0ED90AFCD0" box="[390,582,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="333">A. erinnys ehlersi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="03C29790FFF1FFF9A2A8FD0ED9A2FCD0" box="[649,750,764,789]" name="Tanzania" pageId="32" pageNumber="333">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
|
||
, where the other head markings of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFF1FFF9A44FFD0EDE62FCD0" authorityName="Karsch" authorityYear="1896" box="[1134,1326,764,789]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Artitropa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="333" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="erinnys" subSpecies="ehlersi">
|
||
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFF1FFF9A44FFD0EDE62FCD0" box="[1134,1326,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="333">A. erinnys ehlersi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are larger and darker. This suggests that the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="03C29790FFF1FFF9A23DFCD2D928FCFD" box="[540,612,800,824]" name="Kenya" pageId="32" pageNumber="333">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
||
Coast population may be closer to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFF1FFF9A3DDFCD2DF84FCFD" authorityName="Riley" authorityYear="1925" box="[1020,1224,799,824]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Artitropa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="333" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="erinnys" subSpecies="radiata">
|
||
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFF1FFF9A3DDFCD2DF84FCFD" box="[1020,1224,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="333">A. erinnys radiata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
than to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFF1FFF9A50BFCD2DBADFC98" authorityName="Karsch" authorityYear="1896" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Artitropa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="333" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="erinnys" subSpecies="ehlersi">
|
||
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFF1FFF9A50BFCD2DBADFC98" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="333">A. erinnys ehlersi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but we have not documented enough material to assess individual variation in these populations.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7B6AD700FFF1FFF9A0E6FC95D839FBF1" blockId="32.[151,1437,151,1077]" pageId="32" pageNumber="333">
|
||
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFF1FFF9A0E6FC95DA96FC45" bold="true" box="[199,474,871,896]" pageId="32" pageNumber="333">
|
||
Life history,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="03C29790FFF1FFF9A144FC95DA99FC45" box="[357,469,871,896]" name="Tanzania" pageId="32" pageNumber="333">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The final instar caterpillar (Figure 28.1–2) resembles that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFF1FFF9A48DFC9ADE73FC45" authorityName="erinnys Trimen" authorityYear="1862" box="[1196,1343,872,896]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Artitropa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="333" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="erinnys" subSpecies="erinnys">
|
||
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFF1FFF9A48DFC9ADE73FC45" box="[1196,1343,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="333">A. e. erinnys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Figure 33.1–3), although the spots on the head may be larger. A caterpillar TCEC collected on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFF1FFF9A48FFC7FDE71FC60" box="[1198,1341,908,933]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Dracaena" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="32" pageNumber="333" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="steudneri">
|
||
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFF1FFF9A48FFC7FDE71FC60" box="[1198,1341,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="333">D. steudneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Dar es Salaam,
|
||
<date id="0F6BF1C0FFF1FFF9A0DDFC42DADBFC0D" box="[252,407,944,968]" pageId="32" pageNumber="333" value="2013-04-22">22 Apr 2013</date>
|
||
, is similar but the lower epicranium spot on the face is dark brown rather than black. Caterpillars from the Nguru Mountains,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="03C29790FFF1FFF9A27BFC26D98EFC28" box="[602,706,980,1005]" name="Tanzania" pageId="32" pageNumber="333">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
|
||
, lack the markings on the adfrontals and have smaller black spots on the face (Figure 28.3–4). This difference in the caterpillars is comparable to the differences between species in this genus, suggesting they deserve evaluation as a distinct taxon.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |