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<mods:title id="4C0CC28ADD8BA5DBD26CA7A88E31A23D">Revision of the genus Leptohyphes Eaton (Ephemeroptera: Leptohyphidae) in North and Central America</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B00659D035C143E2540AB52E87DE96CD">Baumgardner, D. E.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="D4A3929A16F819DE3CA0737CF2BFDB94">Department of Entomology, Texas A &amp; M University, College Station, Texas 77843 - 2475. E-mail: dbaumgardner @ tamu. edu Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907</mods:affiliation>
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<subSubSection id="2CB316984721FFBDF9B3FC46FBE5092C" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="641645134721FFBDF9B3FC46FDDF0963" blockId="21.[151,573,1002,1028]" box="[151,573,1002,1028]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<heading id="3F5EF27F4721FFBDF9B3FC46FDDF0963" bold="true" box="[151,573,1002,1028]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="A3A93E904721FFBDF9B3FC46FDDF0963" ID-CoL="3TQHL" authority="Ulmer 1920" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1920" box="[151,573,1002,1028]" class="Insecta" family="Leptohyphidae" genus="Leptohyphes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="peterseni">
<emphasis id="56DD99014721FFBDF9B3FC46FDDF0963" bold="true" box="[151,573,1002,1028]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="56DD99014721FFBDF9B3FC46FE460963" bold="true" box="[151,420,1002,1028]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Leptohyphes peterseni</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="003838E24721FFBDF888FC46FDDF0963" author="Ulmer, G." box="[428,573,1002,1028]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 80" refId="ref25436" refString="Ulmer, G. (1920) Neue Ephemeropteren. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte (A), 85, 1 - 80." type="journal article" year="1920">Ulmer 1920</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="641645134721FFBDF9B3FB98FBE5092C" blockId="21.[151,1031,1076,1099]" box="[151,1031,1076,1099]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<bibRefCitation id="003838E24721FFBDF9B3FB98FEA0092C" author="Ulmer, G." box="[151,322,1076,1099]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 80" refId="ref25436" refString="Ulmer, G. (1920) Neue Ephemeropteren. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte (A), 85, 1 - 80." type="journal article" year="1920">Ulmer, 1920:46</bibRefCitation>
; Needham and Murphy, 1924:32;
<bibRefCitation id="003838E24721FFBDFB89FB98FCDA092C" author="Traver, J. R." box="[685,824,1076,1099]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="491 - 503" refId="ref25402" refString="Traver, J. R. (1958) The subfamily Leptohyphinae (Ephemeroptera: Tricorythidae) Part I. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 51, 491 - 503." type="journal article" year="1958">Traver, 1958</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="003838E24721FFBDFA67FB98FBE6092C" author="McCafferty, W. P." box="[835,1028,1076,1099]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="9 - 11" refId="ref25154" refString="McCafferty, W. P. (1985) New records of Ephemeroptera from Middle America. International Quarterly of Entomology, 1, 9 - 11." type="journal article" year="1985">McCafferty, 1985</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2CB316984721FFBDF9B3FBD6FE59086F" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="641645134721FFBDF9B3FBD6FE59086F" blockId="21.[151,1436,1146,2029]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="56DD99014721FFBDF9B3FBD6FEFB09F3" bold="true" box="[151,281,1146,1172]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
Because of the limited descriptions published for this species and others in the adult stage, it is not possible to definitively diagnosis this species from other adult
<taxonomicName id="A3A93E904721FFBDFAB3FB0DFBCD09DD" authorityName="Eaton" authorityYear="1882" box="[919,1071,1185,1210]" class="Insecta" family="Leptohyphidae" genus="Leptohyphes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="56DD99014721FFBDFAB3FB0DFBCD09DD" box="[919,1071,1185,1210]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Leptohyphes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="003838E24721FFBDFD64FB0DFB0B09DC" author="Traver, J. R." box="[1088,1257,1185,1211]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="491 - 503" refId="ref25402" refString="Traver, J. R. (1958) The subfamily Leptohyphinae (Ephemeroptera: Tricorythidae) Part I. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 51, 491 - 503." type="journal article" year="1958">Traver (1958)</bibRefCitation>
stated that the yellowish-brown thoracic nota with several rows of dark blotches on the abdominal segments will separate it from others in the genus.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2CB316984721FFBDF9E2FAB9FE740B23" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="description">
<paragraph id="641645134721FFBDF9E2FAB9FE410B7A" blockId="21.[151,1436,1146,2029]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="56DD99014721FFBDF9E2FAB9FE820848" bold="true" box="[198,352,1301,1327]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Description:</emphasis>
Length. Body,
<quantity id="A351E8F64721FFBDFB15FAB9FD7D0848" box="[561,671,1301,1327]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="mm" value="5.0" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="4.0">46 mm</quantity>
; forewings, 4.05.0 mm; hind wings, 1.01.5 mm. General coloration yellowish-brown. Head: light yellowish-gray with black shading. Thorax: yellowish-brown. Legs: light yellowish-gray with darker markings. Forewing: vein CuP not strongly curved towards A; vein ICu
<subScript id="F82D47564721FFBDFCB0FADEFA7E08E7" attach="right" box="[1428,1436,1394,1408]" fontSize="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">2</subScript>
united basally with ICu
<subScript id="F82D47564721FFBDF88DFA30FE5308CD" attach="left" box="[425,433,1436,1450]" fontSize="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">1</subScript>
; ICu
<subScript id="F82D47564721FFBDF8CEFA30FE1008CD" attach="left" box="[490,498,1436,1450]" fontSize="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">1</subScript>
attached basally to CuP and CuA by cross vein; MP
<subScript id="F82D47564721FFBDFD7EFA30FB8008CD" attach="left" box="[1114,1122,1436,1450]" fontSize="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">2</subScript>
united basally to CuA and IMP by cross veins. Hind wing: present, with two longitudinal veins; costal process well developed. Abdomen. yellowish-brown. Genitalia: forceps three-segmented, penes with basal half fused, distal parts divergent, “Y” shaped.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="641645134721FFBDF9E1F986FE740B23" blockId="21.[151,1436,1146,2029]" box="[197,406,1578,1604]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="56DD99014721FFBDF9E1F986FEE90B24" box="[197,267,1578,1603]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Larva</emphasis>
: Unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2CB316984721FFBDF9E1F9FCFD480BF6" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="641645134721FFBDF9E1F9FCFD480BF6" blockId="21.[151,1436,1146,2029]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="56DD99014721FFBDF9E1F9FCFEBC0B0D" bold="true" box="[197,350,1616,1642]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Distribution</emphasis>
:
<taxonomicName id="A3A93E904721FFBDF849F9FDFD960B0D" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1920" box="[365,628,1617,1642]" class="Insecta" family="Leptohyphidae" genus="Leptohyphes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="peterseni">
<emphasis id="56DD99014721FFBDF849F9FDFD960B0D" box="[365,628,1617,1642]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Leptohyphes peterseni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been documented in
<collectingCountry id="1CBE05834721FFBDFAB8F9FCFC050B0D" box="[924,999,1616,1642]" name="Brazil" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Brazil</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="1CBE05834721FFBDFAD6F9FCFBA90B0D" box="[1010,1099,1616,1642]" name="Bolivia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="1CBE05834721FFBDFD7CF9FCFB2D0B0D" box="[1112,1231,1616,1642]" name="Argentina" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Argentina</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="1CBE05834721FFBDFDFFF9FCFA840B0D" box="[1243,1382,1616,1642]" name="El Salvador" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">El Salvador</collectingCountry>
, and
<collectingCountry id="1CBE05834721FFBDF9B3F9DBFEF40BF6" box="[151,278,1655,1681]" name="Guatemala" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="003838E24721FFBDF801F9DBFE5F0BF6" author="Ulmer, G." box="[293,445,1655,1681]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 80" refId="ref25436" refString="Ulmer, G. (1920) Neue Ephemeropteren. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte (A), 85, 1 - 80." type="journal article" year="1920">Ulmer, 1920</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="003838E24721FFBDF8EDF9DBFD7F0BF6" author="McCafferty, W. P." box="[457,669,1655,1681]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="9 - 11" refId="ref25154" refString="McCafferty, W. P. (1985) New records of Ephemeroptera from Middle America. International Quarterly of Entomology, 1, 9 - 11." type="journal article" year="1985">McCafferty, 1985</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2CB316984721FFBEF9E1F931FBD60CFD" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="641645134721FFBDF9E1F931FDCA0A4B" blockId="21.[151,1436,1146,2029]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="56DD99014721FFBDF9E1F931FEAF0BD0" bold="true" box="[197,333,1693,1719]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Discussion</emphasis>
: The above description is based upon
<bibRefCitation id="003838E24721FFBDFA07F932FC3D0BDF" author="Ulmer, G." box="[803,991,1694,1720]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 80" refId="ref25436" refString="Ulmer, G. (1920) Neue Ephemeropteren. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte (A), 85, 1 - 80." type="journal article" year="1920">Ulmers (1920)</bibRefCitation>
original description, with additional comments from
<bibRefCitation id="003838E24721FFBDF878F968FDE40BB9" author="Traver, J. R." box="[348,518,1732,1758]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="491 - 503" refId="ref25402" refString="Traver, J. R. (1958) The subfamily Leptohyphinae (Ephemeroptera: Tricorythidae) Part I. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 51, 491 - 503." type="journal article" year="1958">Traver (1958)</bibRefCitation>
. The current location of the
<typeStatus id="BB12FBB14721FFBDFA7AF968FC730BB9" box="[862,913,1732,1758]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">type</typeStatus>
specimens is unknown, despite attempts to locate them during this current study.
<bibRefCitation id="003838E24721FFBDFB6AF947FCEB0A62" author="Molineri, C." box="[590,777,1771,1797]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="47 - 70" refId="ref25268" refString="Molineri, C. (2003) Revision of the South American species of Leptohyphes Eaton (Ephemeroptera: Leptohyphidae) with a key to the nymphs. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 38, 47 - 70." type="journal article" year="2003">Molineri (2003)</bibRefCitation>
was not able to locate the
<typeStatus id="BB12FBB14721FFBDFD19F947FB8D0A62" box="[1085,1135,1771,1797]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">type</typeStatus>
specimens in his study of the South American leptohyphids.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="641645134721FFBDF9E1F895FF0E0AC7" blockId="21.[151,1436,1146,2029]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<taxonomicName id="A3A93E904721FFBDF9E1F895FE290A35" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1920" box="[197,459,1849,1874]" class="Insecta" family="Leptohyphidae" genus="Leptohyphes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="peterseni">
<emphasis id="56DD99014721FFBDF9E1F895FE290A35" box="[197,459,1849,1874]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Leptohyphes peterseni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
constitutes the first description of a male of
<taxonomicName id="A3A93E904721FFBDFAF1F895FB8B0A35" authorityName="Eaton" authorityYear="1882" box="[981,1129,1849,1874]" class="Insecta" family="Leptohyphidae" genus="Leptohyphes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="56DD99014721FFBDFAF1F895FB8B0A35" box="[981,1129,1849,1874]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Leptohyphes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="003838E24721FFBDFD5CF894FAFA0A35" author="Ulmer, G." box="[1144,1304,1848,1874]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 80" refId="ref25436" refString="Ulmer, G. (1920) Neue Ephemeropteren. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte (A), 85, 1 - 80." type="journal article" year="1920">Ulmer (1920)</bibRefCitation>
assigned it to this genus because the wing venation was similar to that of the female of
<taxonomicName id="A3A93E904721FFBDFD0AF8F3FB4B0A1F" authorityName="Eaton" authorityYear="1882" box="[1070,1193,1887,1912]" class="Insecta" family="Leptohyphidae" genus="Leptohyphes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eximius">
<emphasis id="56DD99014721FFBDFD0AF8F3FB4B0A1F" box="[1070,1193,1887,1912]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">L. eximius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<typeStatus id="BB12FBB14721FFBDFD9EF8F3FB0D0A1E" box="[1210,1263,1887,1913]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">type</typeStatus>
species of the genus).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="641645134721FFBEF9E1F800FCEC0D98" blockId="21.[151,1436,1146,2029]" lastBlockId="22.[151,1436,152,487]" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<bibRefCitation id="003838E24721FFBDF9E1F800FE640AA1" author="Molineri, C." box="[197,390,1964,1990]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="47 - 70" refId="ref25268" refString="Molineri, C. (2003) Revision of the South American species of Leptohyphes Eaton (Ephemeroptera: Leptohyphidae) with a key to the nymphs. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 38, 47 - 70." type="journal article" year="2003">Molineri (2003)</bibRefCitation>
noted that the
<typeStatus id="BB12FBB14721FFBDFB1AF800FD930AA1" box="[574,625,1964,1990]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">type</typeStatus>
series of this species is represented by numerous male and female subimagos, probably representing more than one genus.
<bibRefCitation id="003838E24721FFBDFA0DF87FFC2A0A8A" author="Ulmer, G." box="[809,968,2003,2029]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 80" refId="ref25436" refString="Ulmer, G. (1920) Neue Ephemeropteren. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte (A), 85, 1 - 80." type="journal article" year="1920">Ulmer (1920)</bibRefCitation>
described some males of the
<typeStatus id="BB12FBB14721FFBDFC04F87FFAB00A8A" box="[1312,1362,2003,2029]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">type</typeStatus>
series with penes not divergent at the tip, a situation not known to occur in the genus
<taxonomicName id="A3A93E904722FFBEFD1FFF34FB2D0DD6" authorityName="Eaton" authorityYear="1882" box="[1083,1231,152,177]" class="Insecta" family="Leptohyphidae" genus="Leptohyphes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="56DD99014722FFBEFD1FFF34FB2D0DD6" box="[1083,1231,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Leptohyphes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but known from other males in other leptohyphid genera. In addition, the divergent penes of
<taxonomicName id="A3A93E904722FFBEFD06FF13FAF70DBF" box="[1058,1301,190,216]" class="Insecta" family="Leptohyphidae" genus="Leptohyphes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="56DD99014722FFBEFD06FF13FB550DBF" box="[1058,1207,191,216]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Leptohyphes</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
are always well separated in the adults, as well as the subimagos.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="641645134722FFBEF9E1FEA0FBD60CFD" blockId="22.[151,1436,152,487]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<bibRefCitation id="003838E24722FFBEF9E1FEA0FE880C41" author="Traver, J. R." box="[197,362,268,294]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="491 - 503" refId="ref25402" refString="Traver, J. R. (1958) The subfamily Leptohyphinae (Ephemeroptera: Tricorythidae) Part I. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 51, 491 - 503." type="journal article" year="1958">Traver (1958)</bibRefCitation>
noted the similarity between
<taxonomicName id="A3A93E904722FFBEFBE9FEA0FCBB0C42" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1920" box="[717,857,268,293]" class="Insecta" family="Leptohyphidae" genus="Leptohyphes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="peterseni">
<emphasis id="56DD99014722FFBEFBE9FEA0FCBB0C42" box="[717,857,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">L. peterseni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="A3A93E904722FFBEFAB0FEA0FBEC0C42" box="[916,1038,268,293]" class="Insecta" family="Leptohyphidae" genus="Leptohyphes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sabinas">
<emphasis id="56DD99014722FFBEFAB0FEA0FBEC0C42" box="[916,1038,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">L. sabinas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and stated that
<taxonomicName id="A3A93E904722FFBEFDF0FEA0FACC0C42" box="[1236,1326,268,293]" class="Insecta" family="Leptohyphidae" genus="Leptohyphes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sabinas">
<emphasis id="56DD99014722FFBEFDF0FEA0FACC0C42" box="[1236,1326,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">sabinas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
could be considered the northern counterpart of
<taxonomicName id="A3A93E904722FFBEFB4BFE9EFD3F0C2C" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1920" box="[623,733,306,331]" class="Insecta" family="Leptohyphidae" genus="Leptohyphes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="peterseni">
<emphasis id="56DD99014722FFBEFB4BFE9EFD3F0C2C" box="[623,733,306,331]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">peterseni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="003838E24722FFBEFBC9FE9EFC4F0C2B" author="Molineri, C." box="[749,941,306,332]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="47 - 70" refId="ref25268" refString="Molineri, C. (2003) Revision of the South American species of Leptohyphes Eaton (Ephemeroptera: Leptohyphidae) with a key to the nymphs. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 38, 47 - 70." type="journal article" year="2003">Molineri (2003)</bibRefCitation>
speculated that
<taxonomicName id="A3A93E904722FFBEFD57FE9EFAF60C2C" authorityName="Allen" authorityYear="1967" box="[1139,1300,306,331]" class="Insecta" family="Leptohyphidae" genus="Leptohyphes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plaumanni">
<emphasis id="56DD99014722FFBEFD57FE9EFAF60C2C" box="[1139,1300,306,331]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">L. plaumanni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
might be a synonym of
<taxonomicName id="A3A93E904722FFBEF808FEF5FE5A0C15" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1920" box="[300,440,345,370]" class="Insecta" family="Leptohyphidae" genus="Leptohyphes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="peterseni">
<emphasis id="56DD99014722FFBEF808FEF5FE5A0C15" box="[300,440,345,370]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">L. peterseni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, based upon similarity between male genitalia. However, with numerous species of
<taxonomicName id="A3A93E904722FFBEF9B3FE2CFEC90CFE" authorityName="Eaton" authorityYear="1882" box="[151,299,384,409]" class="Insecta" family="Leptohyphidae" genus="Leptohyphes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="56DD99014722FFBEF9B3FE2CFEC90CFE" box="[151,299,384,409]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Leptohyphes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
not described as adults, a synonym would probably be premature.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2CB316984722FFBEF9E2FE0AFDB80C80" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="641645134722FFBEF9E2FE0AFDAF0CA7" blockId="22.[151,1436,152,487]" box="[198,589,422,448]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="56DD99014722FFBEF9E2FE0AFE1C0CA7" bold="true" box="[198,510,422,448]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<typeStatus id="BB12FBB14722FFBEF9E2FE0AFEE10CA7" box="[198,259,422,448]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Type</typeStatus>
material examined:
</emphasis>
None.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="641645134722FFBEF9E2FE61FDB80C80" blockId="22.[151,1436,152,487]" box="[198,602,461,487]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="56DD99014722FFBEF9E2FE61FDE90C80" bold="true" box="[198,523,461,487]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Other material examined:</emphasis>
None.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>