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<document id="53683F10B6A56BD4314A3A16FAC99C3E" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222933.2020.1759721" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4609053" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1615923843413" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Bevilaqua, Marcus &amp; Fonseca, Claudio Ruy Vasconcelos da" docDate="2020" docId="C4008788690E9E18FE8CFCBC81526AE0" docLanguage="en" docName="JNATHIST.54.5-6.321-350.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 54 (5 - 6)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2020.1759721" docStyle="DocumentStyle:485A7191CD41D6261F41521A3380DC73.9:JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.1cover" docStyleId="485A7191CD41D6261F41521A3380DC73" docStyleName="JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.1cover" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Passalus (Pertinax) beneshi Hincks 1950" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="327" masterDocId="3839FFF0690D9E1FFFCAFF9A83526814" masterDocTitle="Redescription of the species of Passalus Fabricius, 1792 (Coleoptera: Passalidae) described by Walter Douglas Hincks (1906 - 1961) deposited in the Museum of the University of Manchester" masterLastPageNumber="350" masterPageNumber="321" pageNumber="323" updateTime="1698887187464" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="B98035747183C3488922C10E91BCDA4F">Redescription of the species of Passalus Fabricius, 1792 (Coleoptera: Passalidae) described by Walter Douglas Hincks (1906 - 1961) deposited in the Museum of the University of Manchester</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3840A826C08D1A889F9DE78851086A5C">Bevilaqua, Marcus</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="38677B6381AB3CF5CB6235B6ABFAEB54">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="C2C250F444231A126F88753BD6845628">2020</mods:date>
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<subSubSection id="04B36515690E9E1CFE8CFCBC801C6BAC" pageId="3" pageNumber="323" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="4C16369E690E9E1CFE8CFCBC808F6B2B" blockId="3.[326,989,806,831]" box="[326,989,806,831]" pageId="3" pageNumber="323">
<heading id="175E81F2690E9E1CFE8CFCBC808F6B2B" box="[326,989,806,831]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="323" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="8BA94D1D690E9E1CFE8CFCBC806F6B2B" authority="Hincks, 1950" authorityName="Hincks" authorityYear="1950" box="[326,829,806,831]" class="Insecta" family="Passallidae" genus="Passalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="323" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="beneshi" subGenus="Pertinax">
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C690E9E1CFE8CFCBC806F6B2B" bold="true" box="[326,829,806,831]" pageId="3" pageNumber="323">
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C690E9E1CFE8CFCBC82FD6B2B" bold="true" box="[326,431,806,831]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="323">Passalus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C690E9E1CFE75FCBC81776B2B" bold="true" box="[447,549,806,831]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="323">Pertinax</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C690E9E1CFDFCFCBC81C66B2B" bold="true" box="[566,660,806,831]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="323">beneshi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="28384B6F690E9E1CFD57FCBC806F6B2B" author="Hincks WD" box="[669,829,806,831]" pageId="3" pageNumber="323" pagination="1033 - 1047" refId="ref13231" refString="Hincks WD. 1950. Systematic and Faunistic notes on American Passalidae (Col.). Ann Mag Nat Hist. 3 (36): 1033 - 1047. doi: 10.1080 / 00222935008654117" type="journal article" year="1950">Hincks, 1950</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="D4922A1B690E9E1CFC87FCBC80876B2B" box="[845,981,806,831]" captionStart-0="Figure 1" captionStart-1="Figure 2" captionStartId-0="4.[160,225,1482,1505]" captionStartId-1="5.[160,225,1329,1352]" captionTargetBox-0="[163,1153,142,1451]" captionTargetBox-1="[163,1153,142,1297]" captionTargetId-0="figure-56@4.[163,1153,142,1451]" captionTargetId-1="figure-115@5.[163,1153,142,1298]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionText-0="Figure 1. Passalus (Pertinax) beneshi Hincks, 1950 male holotype: (a) habitus dorsal; (b) habitus ventral; (c) habitus lateral." captionText-1="Figure 2. Passalus (Pertinax) beneshi Hincks, 1950 male holotype: (a) head; (b) mentum; (c) head and pronotum in dorsolateral view; (d) mesosternum; (e) metasternum; (f) aedeagus." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4609057" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4609061" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4609057/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4609061/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="323">
Figures 1
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C690E9E1CFC73FCBC80956B2B" box="[953,967,806,831]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="323"></emphasis>
2
</figureCitation>
)
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4C16369E690E9E1CFF0AFCC1801C6BAC" blockId="3.[160,1156,859,952]" pageId="3" pageNumber="323">
<bibRefCitation id="28384B6F690E9E1CFF0AFCC182DC6B67" author="Hincks WD" box="[192,398,859,883]" pageId="3" pageNumber="323" pagination="1033 - 1047" refId="ref13231" refString="Hincks WD. 1950. Systematic and Faunistic notes on American Passalidae (Col.). Ann Mag Nat Hist. 3 (36): 1033 - 1047. doi: 10.1080 / 00222935008654117" type="journal article" year="1950">Hincks 1950: 1041</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 4;
<bibRefCitation id="28384B6F690E9E1CFE14FCC180526B67" author="Hincks WD &amp; Dibb JR" box="[478,768,859,883]" pageId="3" pageNumber="323" pagination="1 - 33" refId="ref13308" refString="Hincks WD, Dibb JR. 1958. Supplementa. Passalidae. Coleopterorum Catalogus. Berlin: W. Junk, J. Schenkling, es-Gravenhage; p. 1 - 33." type="book chapter" year="1958">Hincks and Dibb 1958: 15</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="28384B6F690E9E1CFCC1FCC187496B67" author="Reyes-Castillo P" box="[779,1051,859,883]" pageId="3" pageNumber="323" pagination="1 - 240" refId="ref13746" refString="Reyes-Castillo P. 1970. Coleoptera, Passalidae: morfologia y division en grandes grupos; generos americanos. Folia Entomol Mex. 20 (22): 1 - 240." type="journal article" year="1970">Reyes-Castillo 1970: 204</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="28384B6F690E9E1CFBEDFCC182476B82" author="Boucher S" pageId="3" pageNumber="323" pagination="113 - 120" refId="ref12922" refString="Boucher S. 2015. Splitting of the polyphyletic genus Passalus Fabricius, s. auct. I. (Coleoptera, Passalidae). Bull Soc Entomol France. 120: 113 - 120." type="journal article" year="2015">Boucher 2015: 118</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="28384B6F690E9E1CFEECFCE4805B6B82" author="Amat-Garcia G &amp; Reyes-Castillo P" box="[294,777,894,918]" pageId="3" pageNumber="323" pagination="139 - 151" refId="ref12711" refString="Amat-Garcia G, Reyes-Castillo P. 2002. Los Coleoptera Passalidae de Colombia. In: Costa M, Vanin SA, Lobo JM, Melic A, editors. Proyecto de Red Iberoamericana de Biogeografia y Entomologia Sistematica PrIBES 2002. Monografias Tercer Milenio. Vol. II. Zaragoza: Sociedad Entomologica Aragones (SEA); p. 139 - 151." type="book chapter" year="2002">Amat-Garcia and Reyes-Castillo, 2002:141</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="28384B6F690E9E1CFCD0FCE482506BAC" author="Reyes-Castillo P &amp; Amat-Garcia G" pageId="3" pageNumber="323" pagination="35 - 50" refId="ref13821" refString="Reyes-Castillo P, Amat-Garcia G. 2003. Passalidae (Coleoptera) de Colombia. In: Onore G, Reyes- Castillo P, Zunino M, editors. Escarabajos de Latinoamerica: estado del conocimiento. Monografias tercer milenio. Vol. III. Zaragoza: Sociedad Entomologica Aragones (SEA); p. 35 - 50." type="book chapter" year="2003">Reyes-Castillo and Amat-García 2003: 37</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="28384B6F690E9E1CFEC6FC3A81116BAC" author="Amat-Garcia G &amp; Vargas EB &amp; Reyes-Castillo P" box="[268,579,928,952]" pageId="3" pageNumber="323" pagination="173 - 181" refId="ref12776" refString="Amat-Garcia G, Vargas EB, Reyes-Castillo P. 2004. Lista de especies de los escarabajos pasalidos (Coleoptera: Passalidae) de Colombia. Biota Colombiana. 5 (2): 173 - 181." type="journal article" year="2004">Amat-García et al. 2004:176</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="28384B6F690E9E1CFD84FC3A81AD6BAC" author="Miles C" box="[590,767,928,952]" pageId="3" pageNumber="323" pagination="109 - 126" refId="ref13705" refString="Miles C. 2017. The Passalidae collection of the Manchester Museum, UK, with a complete type catalogue. Russ Entomol J. 26 (2): 109 - 126. doi: 10.15298 / rusentj. 26.2.03" type="journal article" year="2017">Miles 2017: 117</bibRefCitation>
, fig 11.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="04B36515690E9E1CFF6AFC7080B86CE2" pageId="3" pageNumber="323" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="4C16369E690E9E1CFF6AFC7080B86CE2" blockId="3.[160,1156,1002,1270]" pageId="3" pageNumber="323">
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C690E9E1CFF6AFC7082486C10" bold="true" box="[160,282,1002,1028]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="323">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Small size species; convex body; anterior edge of the front slightly convex; coarsely punctuated mediofrontal area; laterofrontal + mediofrontal tubercles connected to the inner tubercles by the anterofrontal ridges; small and flattened central tubercle; acute and protruded pronotum anterior angles; coarse and abundant pronotum punctuation, extending beyond three-fourths of pronotal width; glabrous prepisternum; large, wide, wellmarked and deep mesosternal scars; not defined metasternal disk, without pubescence and with reduced punctuation to a small group in the posterior region; median lobe almost entirely sclerotised and basal piece fused with parameres on ventral surface.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="04B36515690E9E18FF6AFAB2829968DD" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="327" pageId="3" pageNumber="323" type="description">
<paragraph id="4C16369E690E9E19FF6AFAB280C66CCD" blockId="3.[160,1156,1320,1727]" lastBlockId="6.[160,1156,141,1241]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="326" pageId="3" pageNumber="323">
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C690E9E1CFF6AFAB282146D56" bold="true" box="[160,326,1320,1346]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="323">Redescription.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C690E9E1CFE9CFAB082C66D56" bold="true" box="[342,404,1322,1346]" pageId="3" pageNumber="323">Body</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="D4922A1B690E9E1CFE6FFAB081566D56" box="[421,516,1322,1346]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[160,225,1482,1505]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1451]" captionTargetId="figure-56@4.[163,1153,142,1451]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. Passalus (Pertinax) beneshi Hincks, 1950 male holotype: (a) habitus dorsal; (b) habitus ventral; (c) habitus lateral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4609057" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4609057/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="323">Figure 1</figureCitation>
):
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C690E9E1CFDD0FAB381396D56" box="[538,619,1321,1346]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="323">habitus</emphasis>
: convex;
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C690E9E1CFD13FAB380536D56" box="[729,769,1321,1346]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="323">size</emphasis>
: small (&gt;
<quantity id="8B519B7B690E9E1CFCA2FAB080EE6D56" box="[872,956,1322,1346]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="323" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
in length).
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C690E9E1CFB8EFAB087D16D56" bold="true" box="[1092,1155,1322,1346]" pageId="3" pageNumber="323">Head</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="D4922A1B690E9E1CFF62FAD782556D71" box="[168,263,1357,1381]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[160,225,1329,1352]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1297]" captionTargetId="figure-115@5.[163,1153,142,1298]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Passalus (Pertinax) beneshi Hincks, 1950 male holotype: (a) head; (b) mentum; (c) head and pronotum in dorsolateral view; (d) mesosternum; (e) metasternum; (f) aedeagus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4609061" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4609061/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="323">Figure 2</figureCitation>
(a,c)):
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C690E9E1CFE86FAD682F26D71" box="[332,416,1356,1381]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="323">Labrum</emphasis>
: anterior border straight.
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C690E9E1CFD05FAD680706D71" box="[719,802,1356,1381]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="323">Clypeus</emphasis>
: hidden under the frons; with anterior angles under the lateral + mediofrontal tubercles.
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C690E9E1CFCF5FAF487766D93" box="[831,1060,1390,1415]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="323">Anterior frontal edge</emphasis>
: slightly convex, with a notch in the median region.
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C690E9E1CFD66FA0B87736DBE" box="[684,1057,1425,1450]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="323">Secondary mediofrontal tubercles</emphasis>
: absent.
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C690E9E1CFF6AFA2E827C6DD9" box="[160,302,1460,1485]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="323">Laterofrontal</emphasis>
+
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C690E9E1CFEAAFA2E810D6DD9" box="[352,607,1460,1485]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="323">mediofrontal tubercles</emphasis>
: conspicuous, acute, and projected forward.
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C690E9E1CFF6AFA4C82346DFB" box="[160,358,1494,1519]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="323">Mediofrontal area</emphasis>
: caliciform 2.1x wider than long, flat, and deep; with coarse punctuations scattered throughout the anterior region.
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C690E9E1CFD15FA6380C76E06" box="[735,917,1529,1554]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="323">Cephalic nodule</emphasis>
: large but not well marked and rounded shape.
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C690E9E1CFE36F98681F36E21" box="[508,673,1564,1589]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="323">Inner tubercles</emphasis>
: large, conspicuous with obtuse apexes, smaller than the laterofrontal + mediofrontal tubercles, of which they are distinctly separated but located closer to these than the apex of the central tubercle.
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C690E9E1CFC3BF9FB83B36E89" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="323">Anterofrontal ridges</emphasis>
: straight, smaller, and weaker than the posterofrontal ridges.
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C690E9E1CFC51F91E872F6E89" box="[923,1149,1668,1693]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="323">Posterofrontal ridges</emphasis>
: high, strong, and slightly sinuous, beginning at the apex of the central tubercle.
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C69099E1BFF6AF9A282236E45" box="[160,369,1592,1617]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="324">Laterofrontal areas</emphasis>
: flat and smooth surface.
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C69099E1BFD50F9A2801A6E45" box="[666,840,1592,1617]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="324">Central tubercle</emphasis>
: conical, low, with non-free apex.
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C69099E1BFF25F9C1815B6E60" box="[239,521,1627,1652]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="324">Lateroposterior tubercles</emphasis>
: conspicuous, close to the central tubercle, with a rounded shape.
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C69099E1BFEBCF9E4817B6E83" box="[374,553,1662,1687]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="324">Postfrontal area</emphasis>
: flat, with a surface containing many fine punctuations.
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C69099E1BFF24F93A82936EAD" box="[238,449,1696,1721]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="324">Postfrontal groove</emphasis>
: well marked and with a slight notch located medially.
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C69089E1AFF6AFA2E82F66DD9" box="[160,420,1460,1485]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="325">Lateropostfrontal areas</emphasis>
: shallow, with smooth and glabrous surface; containing some punctuations.
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C69089E1AFE83FA4C81406DFB" box="[329,530,1494,1519]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="325">Epicranial sutures</emphasis>
: poorly marked.
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C69089E1AFD2CFA4C80D56DFB" box="[742,903,1494,1519]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="325">Epicranial pits</emphasis>
: deep in the region closest to the anterior angles of the head and shallow when close to the laterofrontal areas, but very visible.
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C69089E1AFE67F98681B16E21" box="[429,739,1564,1589]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="325">Anterior angles of the head</emphasis>
: well developed, with acute apices, slightly smaller than the laterofrontal + mediofrontal tubercles.
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C69089E1AFCB5F9A487746E43" box="[895,1062,1598,1623]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="325">Canthus ocular</emphasis>
: apexes rounded not reaching half eye.
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C69089E1AFDDEF9FB81296E6E" box="[532,635,1633,1658]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="325">Antennas</emphasis>
: trilamellate, with robust lamellae, the distal being wider than the other two.
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C69089E1AFDDDF91F81F66E89" bold="true" box="[535,676,1669,1693]" pageId="5" pageNumber="325">Mouthparts</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="D4922A1B69089E1AFD7EF91F804E6E89" box="[692,796,1669,1693]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[160,225,1482,1505]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1451]" captionTargetId="figure-56@4.[163,1153,142,1451]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. Passalus (Pertinax) beneshi Hincks, 1950 male holotype: (a) habitus dorsal; (b) habitus ventral; (c) habitus lateral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4609057" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4609057/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="325">Figures 1</figureCitation>
(b), 2(b)):
<taxonomicName id="8BA94D1D69089E1AFC43F91E80996E89" box="[905,971,1668,1693]" class="Cestoda" family="Diphyllobothriidae" genus="Ligula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diphyllobothriidea" pageId="5" pageNumber="325" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C69089E1AFC43F91E80996E89" box="[905,971,1668,1693]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="325">Ligula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: tridentate with a larger middle tooth and narrower than the lateral teeth.
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C69089E1AFC92F93C87646EAB" box="[856,1078,1702,1727]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="325">Hypostomal process</emphasis>
: wide, glabrous and separated from mentum.
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C690B9E19FDA4FF1780DC68B2" box="[622,910,141,166]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="326">Mentum mediobasal area</emphasis>
: not dilated, smooth and glabrous, with protruding anterior region without notching in the middle.
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C690B9E19FBE2FF2A827A68F8" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="326">Mentum lateral lobes</emphasis>
: rounded apexes.
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C690B9E19FDCBFF4981BE68F8" box="[513,748,211,236]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="326">Mentum lateral scars</emphasis>
: shallow, glabrous, inpunctate and rounded shape.
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C690B9E19FEAAFF6F8282691A" box="[352,464,245,270]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="326">Mandibles</emphasis>
: incisor lobe with three well-formed teeth at apex; robust suprainternal teeth; inconspicuous infrabasal pits.
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C690B9E19FD11FE8280786925" box="[731,810,280,305]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="326">Maxilla</emphasis>
: lacinia bidentate at the apex.
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C690B9E19FF6AFEA6824B6940" bold="true" box="[160,281,316,340]" pageId="6" pageNumber="326">Prothorax</emphasis>
. Pronotum (
<figureCitation id="D4922A1B690B9E19FE78FEA6814B6940" box="[434,537,316,340]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[160,225,1482,1505]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1451]" captionTargetId="figure-56@4.[163,1153,142,1451]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. Passalus (Pertinax) beneshi Hincks, 1950 male holotype: (a) habitus dorsal; (b) habitus ventral; (c) habitus lateral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4609057" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4609057/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="326">Figures 1</figureCitation>
(a,c), 2(a
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C690B9E19FD48FEA181DD6947" box="[642,655,315,339]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="326"></emphasis>
c)):
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C690B9E19FD77FEA180046940" box="[701,854,315,340]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="326">Anterior edge</emphasis>
: straight.
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C690B9E19FC18FEA1872C6940" box="[978,1150,315,340]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="326">Anterior angles</emphasis>
: acute and fairly protracted.
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C690B9E19FE2AFEC781C46962" box="[480,662,349,374]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="326">Marginal groove</emphasis>
: well marked, deep and with coarse punctures throughout its length, without dilation at the apex; reaching four-fifth of pronotal width.
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C690B9E19FF3FFE3982C169A8" box="[245,403,419,444]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="326">Lateral fossae</emphasis>
: small, well marked and softly deep; slightly rounded shape.
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C690B9E19FF6AFE5F82C469CA" box="[160,406,453,478]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="326">Pronotal punctuations</emphasis>
: coarse and fairly dense, diffused throughout pronotum, concentrated mainly above the lateral fossae. Prosternum (
<figureCitation id="D4922A1B690B9E19FD26FE73801D6A15" box="[748,847,489,513]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[160,225,1482,1505]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1451]" captionTargetId="figure-56@4.[163,1153,142,1451]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. Passalus (Pertinax) beneshi Hincks, 1950 male holotype: (a) habitus dorsal; (b) habitus ventral; (c) habitus lateral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4609057" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4609057/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="326">Figures 1</figureCitation>
(b), 2(d)):
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C690B9E19FC0AFE7287026A15" box="[960,1104,488,513]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="326">Prepisternum</emphasis>
: not dilated in the anterior region; glabrous.
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C690B9E19FDA8FD9181B56A30" box="[610,743,523,548]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="326">Prepimerum</emphasis>
: glabrous.
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C690B9E19FCA9FD9180A16A30" box="[867,1011,523,548]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="326">Prosternelum</emphasis>
: rhomboidal shape with narrow apex, slightly obtuse.
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C690B9E19FD47FDB480636A52" bold="true" box="[653,817,558,582]" pageId="6" pageNumber="326">Mesosternum</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="D4922A1B690B9E19FC8FFDB480FC6A52" box="[837,942,558,582]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[160,225,1482,1505]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1451]" captionTargetId="figure-56@4.[163,1153,142,1451]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. Passalus (Pertinax) beneshi Hincks, 1950 male holotype: (a) habitus dorsal; (b) habitus ventral; (c) habitus lateral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4609057" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4609057/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="326">Figures 1</figureCitation>
(b), 2(d)): smooth, shiny, and glabrous.
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C690B9E19FE50FDCA810D6A7D" box="[410,607,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="326">Mesosternal scars</emphasis>
: long, broad, well marked and deep; without punctuations or pubescence.
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C690B9E19FE39FDE981C66A9F" bold="true" box="[499,660,627,651]" pageId="6" pageNumber="326">Metasternum</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="D4922A1B690B9E19FD6EFDE9805B6A9F" box="[676,777,627,651]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[160,225,1482,1505]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1451]" captionTargetId="figure-56@4.[163,1153,142,1451]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. Passalus (Pertinax) beneshi Hincks, 1950 male holotype: (a) habitus dorsal; (b) habitus ventral; (c) habitus lateral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4609057" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4609057/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="326">Figures 1</figureCitation>
(b), 2(e)):
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C690B9E19FCB3FDE8877F6A9F" box="[889,1069,626,651]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="326">Metasternal disc</emphasis>
: poorly delimited, but more dilated than the lateral region of the metasternum; punctuations in the posteromedian region.
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C690B9E19FE29FD2280526AC5" box="[483,768,696,721]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="326">Metasternal punctuations</emphasis>
: group of punctures only in the lateroposterior region.
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C690B9E19FE60FD4081E66AE7" box="[426,692,730,755]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="326">Metasternal pubescence</emphasis>
: absent.
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C690B9E19FCEAFD4087146AE7" box="[800,1094,730,755]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="326">Metasternal lateral groove</emphasis>
: narrow, thinner than mesotibiae, deep, without punctures or bristles.
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C690B9E19FC6EFD6480B86B02" bold="true" box="[932,1002,766,790]" pageId="6" pageNumber="326">Elytra</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="D4922A1B690B9E19FC31FD6487076B02" box="[1019,1109,766,790]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[160,225,1482,1505]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1451]" captionTargetId="figure-56@4.[163,1153,142,1451]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. Passalus (Pertinax) beneshi Hincks, 1950 male holotype: (a) habitus dorsal; (b) habitus ventral; (c) habitus lateral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4609057" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4609057/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="326">Figure 1</figureCitation>
(a)): Approximately 2.5x longer and 1.1x wider than pronotum.
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C690B9E19FC94FCBA80CE6B2D" box="[862,924,800,825]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="326">Striae</emphasis>
: narrower than the interstriae, marked with round and fine punctures, well defined in both the dorsal and lateral striae.
<taxonomicName id="8BA94D1D690B9E19FEF3FCFF82CD6B6A" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1861" box="[313,415,869,894]" class="Insecta" family="Uraniidae" genus="Epipleura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="326" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C690B9E19FEF3FCFF82CD6B6A" box="[313,415,869,894]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="326">Epipleura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: glabrous.
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C690B9E19FDD7FCFF813E6B6A" box="[541,620,869,894]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="326">Humeri</emphasis>
: glabrous.
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C690B9E19FD21FCFC80706B6A" bold="true" box="[747,802,870,894]" pageId="6" pageNumber="326">Legs</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="D4922A1B690B9E19FCF8FCFC80C76B6A" box="[818,917,870,894]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[160,225,1482,1505]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1451]" captionTargetId="figure-56@4.[163,1153,142,1451]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. Passalus (Pertinax) beneshi Hincks, 1950 male holotype: (a) habitus dorsal; (b) habitus ventral; (c) habitus lateral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4609057" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4609057/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="326">Figures 1</figureCitation>
(a,b), 2(e)):
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C690B9E19FBD3FCFF872F6B6A" box="[1049,1149,869,894]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="326">Profemur</emphasis>
: ventral anterior border with well-marked groove, not reaching the apex of the profemur; ventral posterior border with few setae only near the apex.
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C690B9E19FC5AFC3080A36BD7" box="[912,1009,938,963]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="326">Protibiae</emphasis>
: not dilated.
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C690B9E19FF6AFC5782446BF2" box="[160,278,973,998]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="326">Mesotibiae</emphasis>
: three small spines on the outer face.
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C690B9E19FD20FC57800D6BF2" box="[746,863,973,998]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="326">Metatibiae</emphasis>
: one small spine on the outer face.
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C690B9E19FEEAFC6B82C46C1D" bold="true" box="[288,406,1009,1033]" pageId="6" pageNumber="326">Abdomen</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="D4922A1B690B9E19FE6CFC6B82AD6C1D" box="[422,511,1009,1033]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[160,225,1482,1505]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1451]" captionTargetId="figure-56@4.[163,1153,142,1451]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. Passalus (Pertinax) beneshi Hincks, 1950 male holotype: (a) habitus dorsal; (b) habitus ventral; (c) habitus lateral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4609057" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4609057/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="326">Figure 1</figureCitation>
(b)): sternite VII with full groove and well marked; rough sides.
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C690B9E19FF20FB8982336C3F" bold="true" box="[234,353,1043,1067]" pageId="6" pageNumber="326">Aedeagus</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="D4922A1B690B9E19FEBEFB8982846C3F" box="[372,470,1043,1067]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[160,225,1329,1352]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1297]" captionTargetId="figure-115@5.[163,1153,142,1298]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Passalus (Pertinax) beneshi Hincks, 1950 male holotype: (a) head; (b) mentum; (c) head and pronotum in dorsolateral view; (d) mesosternum; (e) metasternum; (f) aedeagus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4609061" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4609061/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="326">Figure 2</figureCitation>
(f)): Median lobe wider than the parameres and the basal piece together and almost as long as these. In ventral view completely sclerotised with a recess in the basal region; basal piece and parameres fused forming a tegmen; parameres projections reaching less than one-third of the length of the median lobe; arched parameres anterior edge. In lateral view, the apex of the parameres is acute and slightly rounded. In dorsal view with widely separated parameres.
</paragraph>
<caption id="18D6661669099E1BFF6AFA5082016DEB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4609057" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4609057" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4609057/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="324" startId="4.[160,225,1482,1505]" targetBox="[163,1153,142,1451]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="4C16369E69099E1BFF6AFA5082016DEB" blockId="4.[160,1156,1482,1535]" pageId="4" pageNumber="324">
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C69099E1BFF6AFA5083AB6DF5" bold="true" box="[160,249,1482,1505]" pageId="4" pageNumber="324">Figure 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="8BA94D1D69099E1BFF34FA50812F6DF5" authority="Hincks, 1950" authorityName="Hincks" authorityYear="1950" box="[254,637,1482,1505]" class="Insecta" family="Passallidae" genus="Passalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="324" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="beneshi" subGenus="Pertinax">
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C69099E1BFF34FA50821C6DF5" box="[254,334,1482,1505]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="324">Passalus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C69099E1BFE91FA5082FB6DF5" box="[347,425,1482,1505]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="324">Pertinax</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C69099E1BFE7EFA5082AF6DF5" box="[436,509,1482,1505]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="324">beneshi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="28384B6F69099E1BFDC8FA50812F6DF5" author="Hincks WD" box="[514,637,1482,1505]" pageId="4" pageNumber="324" pagination="1033 - 1047" refId="ref13231" refString="Hincks WD. 1950. Systematic and Faunistic notes on American Passalidae (Col.). Ann Mag Nat Hist. 3 (36): 1033 - 1047. doi: 10.1080 / 00222935008654117" type="journal article" year="1950">Hincks, 1950</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
male holotype: (a) habitus dorsal; (b) habitus ventral; (c) habitus lateral.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="18D6661669089E1AFF6AFAAB80ED6D72" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4609061" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4609061" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4609061/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="325" startId="5.[160,225,1329,1352]" targetBox="[163,1153,142,1297]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="4C16369E69089E1AFF6AFAAB80ED6D72" blockId="5.[160,1155,1328,1382]" pageId="5" pageNumber="325">
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C69089E1AFF6AFAAB83A86D5C" bold="true" box="[160,250,1329,1352]" pageId="5" pageNumber="325">Figure 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="8BA94D1D69089E1AFECBFAAA81D56D5C" authority="Hincks, 1950" authorityName="Hincks" authorityYear="1950" box="[257,647,1328,1352]" class="Insecta" family="Passallidae" genus="Passalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="325" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="beneshi" subGenus="Pertinax">
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C69089E1AFECBFAAA82036D53" box="[257,337,1328,1351]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="325">Passalus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C69089E1AFE95FAAA82FF6D53" box="[351,429,1328,1351]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="325">Pertinax</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C69089E1AFE71FAAA81566D53" box="[443,516,1328,1351]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="325">beneshi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="28384B6F69089E1AFDC0FAAB81D56D5C" author="Hincks WD" box="[522,647,1329,1352]" pageId="5" pageNumber="325" pagination="1033 - 1047" refId="ref13231" refString="Hincks WD. 1950. Systematic and Faunistic notes on American Passalidae (Col.). Ann Mag Nat Hist. 3 (36): 1033 - 1047. doi: 10.1080 / 00222935008654117" type="journal article" year="1950">Hincks, 1950</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
male holotype: (a) head; (b) mentum; (c) head and pronotum in dorsolateral view; (d) mesosternum; (e) metasternum; (f) aedeagus.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="4C16369E690B9E18FF6AFA8E829968DD" blockId="6.[160,1156,1300,1707]" lastBlockId="7.[160,1155,142,201]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="327" pageId="6" pageNumber="326">
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C690B9E19FF6AFA8E827D6D3A" bold="true" box="[160,303,1300,1326]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="326">Dimensions.</emphasis>
Total length:
<quantity id="8B519B7B690B9E19FE17FA8C81606D3A" box="[477,562,1302,1326]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="6" pageNumber="326" unit="mm" value="17.0">17 mm</quantity>
; cephalic length:
<quantity id="8B519B7B690B9E19FCC8FA8C800C6D3A" box="[770,862,1302,1326]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="326" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
; cephalic width:
<quantity id="8B519B7B690B9E19FBEFFA8C87D26D3A" box="[1061,1152,1302,1326]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" pageId="6" pageNumber="326" unit="mm" value="3.6">3.6 mm</quantity>
; mediofrontal area length:
<quantity id="8B519B7B690B9E19FE1FFAA381636D45" box="[469,561,1337,1361]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="326" unit="mm" value="0.7">0.7 mm</quantity>
; mediofrontal area width:
<quantity id="8B519B7B690B9E19FCA7FAA380986D45" box="[877,970,1337,1361]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="326" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
; canthus ocular length:
<quantity id="8B519B7B690B9E19FF3DFAC682026D60" box="[247,336,1372,1396]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="326" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
; canthus ocular width:
<quantity id="8B519B7B690B9E19FD90FAC681E16D60" box="[602,691,1372,1396]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="326" unit="mm" value="0.3">0.3 mm</quantity>
; area of the mediofrontal area:
<quantity id="8B519B7B690B9E19FBD7FAC687216D60" box="[1053,1139,1372,1396]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="326" unit="mm" value="0.7">0.7 mm</quantity>
<superScript id="BBDC9BD6690B9E19FBB9FACC872F6D72" attach="left" box="[1139,1149,1366,1382]" fontSize="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="326">2</superScript>
; mandibles external angle: 141º; antennal club length:
<quantity id="8B519B7B690B9E19FCEFFAE480D36D82" box="[805,897,1406,1430]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="326" unit="mm" value="0.9">0.9 mm</quantity>
; antennal club width:
<quantity id="8B519B7B690B9E19FF6AFA3B83AE6DAD" box="[160,252,1441,1465]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="326" unit="mm" value="0.9">0.9 mm</quantity>
; distal lamella length:
<quantity id="8B519B7B690B9E19FDC0FA3B81346DAD" box="[522,614,1441,1465]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="326" unit="mm" value="0.4">0.4 mm</quantity>
; medial lamella length:
<quantity id="8B519B7B690B9E19FC4EFA3B80B26DAD" box="[900,992,1441,1465]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="326" unit="mm" value="0.2">0.2 mm</quantity>
; width of the mentum at the lateral scars:
<quantity id="8B519B7B690B9E19FE29FA5E81696DC8" box="[483,571,1476,1500]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="6" pageNumber="326" unit="mm" value="1.9">1.9 mm</quantity>
; mentum mediobasal area width:
<quantity id="8B519B7B690B9E19FC76FA5E87466DC8" box="[956,1044,1476,1500]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="326" unit="mm" value="0.8">0.8 mm</quantity>
; diameter of the mentum lateral scars:
<quantity id="8B519B7B690B9E19FE22FA7C81136DEA" box="[488,577,1510,1534]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="326" unit="mm" value="0.4">0.4 mm</quantity>
; pronotal length:
<quantity id="8B519B7B690B9E19FCC6FA7C80376DEA" box="[780,869,1510,1534]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9" pageId="6" pageNumber="326" unit="mm" value="3.9">3.9 mm</quantity>
; pronotal width:
<quantity id="8B519B7B690B9E19FBE2FA7C87D26DEA" box="[1064,1152,1510,1534]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.2" pageId="6" pageNumber="326" unit="mm" value="5.2">5.2 mm</quantity>
; length of the pronotal anterior groove:
<quantity id="8B519B7B690B9E19FDB9F993819F6E35" box="[627,717,1545,1569]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="6" pageNumber="326" unit="mm" value="1.8">1.8 mm</quantity>
; elytral length:
<quantity id="8B519B7B690B9E19FC4FF993808D6E35" box="[901,991,1545,1569]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.9" pageId="6" pageNumber="326" unit="mm" value="9.9">9.9 mm</quantity>
; elytral width:
<quantity id="8B519B7B690B9E19FF6AF9B683A56E50" box="[160,247,1580,1604]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.1" pageId="6" pageNumber="326" unit="mm" value="6.1">6.1 mm</quantity>
; humeral width:
<quantity id="8B519B7B690B9E19FE79F9B681586E50" box="[435,522,1580,1604]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="326" unit="mm" value="5.5">5.5 mm</quantity>
; profemur length:
<quantity id="8B519B7B690B9E19FD11F9B680606E50" box="[731,818,1580,1604]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="6" pageNumber="326" unit="mm" value="2.2">2.2 mm</quantity>
; length of the anterior ventral groove of the profemur:
<quantity id="8B519B7B690B9E19FE65F9D481566E72" box="[431,516,1614,1638]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="6" pageNumber="326" unit="mm" value="1.4">1.4 mm</quantity>
; protibiae width:
<quantity id="8B519B7B690B9E19FD09F9D4804A6E72" box="[707,792,1614,1638]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="326" unit="mm" value="0.6">0.6 mm</quantity>
; protarsal length:
<quantity id="8B519B7B690B9E19FC16F9D487606E72" box="[988,1074,1614,1638]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="6" pageNumber="326" unit="mm" value="1.7">1.7 mm</quantity>
; length of the last protarsomer:
<quantity id="8B519B7B690B9E19FE72F9EB81436E9D" box="[440,529,1649,1673]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="326" unit="mm" value="0.6">0.6 mm</quantity>
; mesotibiae width:
<quantity id="8B519B7B690B9E19FD38F9EB80196E9D" box="[754,843,1649,1673]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="326" unit="mm" value="0.3">0.3 mm</quantity>
; metasternal lateral groove width:
<quantity id="8B519B7B690B9E19FF3BF90982196EBF" box="[241,331,1683,1707]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="326" unit="mm" value="0.2">0.2 mm</quantity>
; metasternal disc length:
<quantity id="8B519B7B690B9E19FDBDF90981806EBF" box="[631,722,1683,1707]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9" pageId="6" pageNumber="326" unit="mm" value="3.9">3.9 mm</quantity>
; abdomen length:
<quantity id="8B519B7B690B9E19FC65F90987586EBF" box="[943,1034,1683,1707]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="326" unit="mm" value="4.5">4.5 mm</quantity>
; aedeagus length:
<quantity id="8B519B7B690A9E18FF36FF14820B68B2" box="[252,345,142,166]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="7" pageNumber="327" unit="mm" value="1.7">1.7 mm</quantity>
; aedeagus width:
<quantity id="8B519B7B690A9E18FDFFFF1481C168B2" box="[565,659,142,166]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="327" unit="mm" value="0.9">0.9 mm</quantity>
; median lobe length:
<quantity id="8B519B7B690A9E18FC55FF1480AE68B2" box="[927,1020,142,166]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="7" pageNumber="327" unit="mm" value="1.1">1.1 mm</quantity>
; paremeres projection lenght:
<quantity id="8B519B7B690A9E18FEBAFF2B829A68DD" box="[368,456,177,201]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="327" unit="mm" value="0.1">0.1 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="04B36515690A9E18FF6AFF6E81E36962" pageId="7" pageNumber="327" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="4C16369E690A9E18FF6AFF6E81E36962" blockId="7.[160,1155,244,374]" pageId="7" pageNumber="327">
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C690A9E18FF6AFF6E817D691A" bold="true" box="[160,559,244,270]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="327">Material examined: type material.</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="9312883C690A9E18FDF5FF6C81F4691A" box="[575,678,246,270]" pageId="7" pageNumber="327" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
(
<specimenCount id="5AAFFD17690A9E18FD7EFF6C819A691A" box="[692,712,246,270]" pageId="7" pageNumber="327" type="male"></specimenCount>
) F2439.48.
<collectingCountry id="34BE760E690A9E18FC8CFF6C80FD691A" box="[838,943,246,270]" name="Panama" pageId="7" pageNumber="327">PANAMA</collectingCountry>
: XX Plantation/Rep of
<collectingRegion id="8E6DF87C690A9E18FF00FE83827B6925" box="[202,297,281,305]" country="Panama" name="Panama" pageId="7" pageNumber="327">Panama</collectingRegion>
/2/17/30//Blackwelder/Collection//via B. Benesh/North Chicago//
<taxonomicName id="8BA94D1D690A9E18FBD3FE83872E6925" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1792" box="[1049,1148,281,305]" class="Insecta" family="Passallidae" genus="Passalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="327" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Passalus</taxonomicName>
/ (
<taxonomicName id="8BA94D1D690A9E18FF6CFEA682576940" authorityName="Kaup" authorityYear="1869" box="[166,261,316,340]" class="Insecta" family="Passalidae" genus="Pertinax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="327" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pertinax</taxonomicName>
) Type/
<taxonomicName id="8BA94D1D690A9E18FE92FEA681596940" authority="Hincks" authorityName="Hincks" authorityYear="1950" box="[344,523,316,340]" class="Insecta" family="Passallidae" genus="Passalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="327" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="beneshi">beneshi Hincks</taxonomicName>
/det. W.D. Hincks.//Manchester Museum/
<typeStatus id="9312883C690A9E18FC11FEA687336940" box="[987,1121,316,340]" pageId="7" pageNumber="327" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
//
<specimenCount id="5AAFFD17690A9E18FBA5FEA187D16947" box="[1135,1155,315,339]" pageId="7" pageNumber="327" type="male"></specimenCount>
dissec/S. Boucher det. 2012//F2439.48 (
<collectionCode id="2AB8AE5B690A9E18FD92FEC481F56962" box="[600,679,350,374]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/he6q-xsyw" name="Museum of Manchester University" pageId="7" pageNumber="327">MMUE</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="04B36515690A9E18FF6AFE3881566A98" pageId="7" pageNumber="327" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="4C16369E690A9E18FF6AFE3881566A98" blockId="7.[160,1155,418,652]" pageId="7" pageNumber="327">
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C690A9E18FF6AFE38825E69A8" bold="true" box="[160,268,418,444]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="327">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="8BA94D1D690A9E18FED7FE39828169A8" authorityName="Hincks" authorityYear="1950" box="[285,467,419,444]" class="Insecta" family="Passallidae" genus="Passalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="327" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="beneshi">
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C690A9E18FED7FE39828169A8" box="[285,467,419,444]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="327">Passalus beneshi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as well as
<taxonomicName id="8BA94D1D690A9E18FD85FE39806E69A8" authority="(Kuwert)" baseAuthorityName="Kuwert" box="[591,828,419,444]" class="Insecta" family="Passallidae" genus="Passalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="327" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="irregularis">
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C690A9E18FD85FE39818469A8" box="[591,726,419,444]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="327">P. irregularis</emphasis>
(Kuwert)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="8BA94D1D690A9E18FCBDFE39870A69A8" authority="Hincks" authorityName="Hincks, 1950:" authorityYear="1044" box="[887,1112,419,444]" class="Insecta" family="Passallidae" genus="Passalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="327" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umbriensis">
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C690A9E18FCBDFE39875469A8" box="[887,1030,419,444]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="327">P. umbriensis</emphasis>
Hincks
</taxonomicName>
are part of a group of species that present small body size and large eyes with abundant pronotal punctuations and reduced mesotibial spines.
<taxonomicName id="8BA94D1D690A9E18FD34FE7280386A15" box="[766,874,488,513]" class="Insecta" family="Passallidae" genus="Passalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="327" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="benehsi">
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C690A9E18FD34FE7280386A15" box="[766,874,488,513]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="327">P. benehsi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="8BA94D1D690A9E18FC3CFE7287D16A15" authorityName="Hincks, 1950:" authorityYear="1044" box="[1014,1155,488,513]" class="Insecta" family="Passallidae" genus="Passalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="327" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umbriensis">
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C690A9E18FC3CFE7287D16A15" box="[1014,1155,488,513]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="327">P. umbriensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by presenting conspicuous inner tubercles and anterofrontal ridges, notch in the middle of the frons with not raised edges, more abundant pronotal punctuations reaching more than three-fourths of pronotal length; of
<taxonomicName id="8BA94D1D690A9E18FD43FDCA80466A7D" box="[649,788,592,617]" class="Insecta" family="Passallidae" genus="Passalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="327" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="irregularis">
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C690A9E18FD43FDCA80466A7D" box="[649,788,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="327">P. irregularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinguished mainly by the
<taxonomicName id="8BA94D1D690A9E18FF6AFDEE82586A98" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1861" box="[160,266,628,652]" class="Insecta" family="Uraniidae" genus="Epipleura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="347" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">epipleura</taxonomicName>
and humeri glabrous.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="04B36515690A9E18FF6AFD2281526AE0" pageId="7" pageNumber="327" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="4C16369E690A9E18FF6AFD2281526AE0" blockId="7.[160,1155,696,756]" pageId="7" pageNumber="327">
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C690A9E18FF6AFD2282616AC6" bold="true" box="[160,307,696,722]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="327">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="34BE760E690A9E18FE89FD2382CF6AC5" box="[323,413,697,721]" name="Panama" pageId="7" pageNumber="327">Panama</collectingCountry>
(locality
<typeStatus id="9312883C690A9E18FDCFFD23816A6AC5" box="[517,568,697,721]" pageId="7" pageNumber="327">type</typeStatus>
) and
<collectingCountry id="34BE760E690A9E18FDB0FD2381B46AC5" box="[634,742,697,721]" name="Colombia" pageId="7" pageNumber="327">Colombia</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="8E6DF87C690A9E18FD3EFD2380176AC5" box="[756,837,697,721]" country="Colombia" name="Boyaca" pageId="7" pageNumber="327">Boyacá</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingRegion id="8E6DF87C690A9E18FC4BFD2387776AC5" box="[897,1061,697,721]" country="Colombia" name="Cundinamarca" pageId="7" pageNumber="327">Cundinamarca</collectingRegion>
) (Reyes- Castillo and Amat-García 2003).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>