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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.96.104957" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2607-96-599" ID-Pensoft-UUID="A32C8DF9AEC35B35AC4D32F6EEB83552" ID-ZooBank="16A4A16551854C89960D614A74E6D394" ModsDocID="1314-2607-96-599" checkinTime="1690372396501" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Bogusch, Petr" docDate="2023" docId="BF353875A5295FFFBEDED22C994BBFA2" docLanguage="en" docName="JourHymenoptRes 96: 599-628" docOrigin="Journal of Hymenoptera Research 96" docPubDate="2023-07-25" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.96.104957" docTitle="Paradioxys pannonicus" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="A32C8DF9AEC35B35AC4D32F6EEB83552" lastPageNumber="599" masterDocId="A32C8DF9AEC35B35AC4D32F6EEB83552" masterDocTitle="European cuckoo bees of the tribe Dioxyini (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae): distribution, annotated checklist and identification key" masterLastPageNumber="628" masterPageNumber="599" pageNumber="599" updateTime="1690372396501" updateUser="pensoft">
<mods:mods id="A26888446B674301778D0264434E4539" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="E842D7B94C58709CAB6DDDA18F84925F">
<mods:title id="3ACEC51148F51551E6A402A59BE165CB">European cuckoo bees of the tribe Dioxyini (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae): distribution, annotated checklist and identification key</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="E37CB7A8ADEE4310E96C74756197E26D" type="personal">
<mods:role id="C7530A7C8CD0C713B1FBC70CDBF7DA2A">
<mods:roleTerm id="417C4214CE0634B89E23BB3E2FBAC90B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="A4D1BF03D4C587E4104B5206C1BF1E6E">Bogusch, Petr</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="74D92635944721DC04B7C08C5A5B9437" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4554-6141</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="49D8FA67AB1B8FCDDB76D4563B888468">Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, CZ- 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="5EDA2C6836857E701A820574C19C25A5" type="email">bogusch.petr@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="FBF5BA0A951D7A8112CFAA9EBF595773">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="0B6063CBD5851360C190D07864A9EC52">Journal of Hymenoptera Research</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="90DECB50DE4D6E9693BCC302B4C517DA">
<mods:date id="CEA68EBEFDE6DE088B843A3B2DA1EEDD">2023</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="8E7A61DA73429E3C4EA5694F881DC060" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="5391B7A35A5538961121870A63FDDCB3">2023-07-25</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="4A04107133192D584C681FFB43798B3B" type="volume">
<mods:number id="A026CAFBBD1806F3C8E3CFD5721232B3">96</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="14627E9EEB4548DA85082CA2DC11D710" unit="page">
<mods:start id="6D9A8F84B11B004864A3BC776D2F68BB">599</mods:start>
<mods:end id="A71C5F95CF3559BA99FE64C9065F80DB">628</mods:end>
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<mods:location id="D4AF394B92E381F36A11E07F7BBB0ECD">
<mods:url id="264BD3D2B16F45D843EA706255002B1B">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.96.104957</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="FE7C1A16050E588722E827A13C26BC7B">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="C181B09BF6BBE35BDA85EC681EF4DBBA" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.96.104957</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="DEAD9042CD6D07D539CD82D109AEEB8E" type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2607-96-599</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="989DEE69F06B4798EBB6BEAFAA2A29BA" type="ZooBank">16A4A16551854C89960D614A74E6D394</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="3C3794F567B05AEC98EF46F83BF716FA" type="Pensoft-UUID">A32C8DF9AEC35B35AC4D32F6EEB83552</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<subSection id="33F142BF3D21E7E20110791D43D67D59" pageId="0" pageNumber="599" type="results">
<treatment id="BF353875A5295FFFBEDED22C994BBFA2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BF353875A5295FFFBEDED22C994BBFA2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/BF353875A5295FFFBEDED22C994BBFA2" lastPageNumber="599" pageId="0" pageNumber="599">
<subSubSection id="197674631598485F96553E9F51F45E33" pageId="0" pageNumber="599" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="DD2D5CD0B29C69D02E3B99C2565E0C31" pageId="0" pageNumber="599">
<taxonomicName id="E75DF080BF61A912793A3806DD4931FC" ID-CoL="4CTHG" ID-ENA="1004236" LSID="BF353875-A529-5FFF-BEDE-D22C994BBFA2" authority="(Mocsary)" baseAuthorityName="Mocsary" baseAuthorityYear="1877" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Paradioxys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paradioxys pannonicus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="599" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pannonicus">
Paradioxys pannonicus (
<normalizedToken id="0F7C6F493BDB395EABEF2891C6EF4913" originalValue="Mocsáry">Mocsary</normalizedToken>
)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1D80E098B16A30A8FD54B758537AE5E4" pageId="0" pageNumber="599" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="1FD544CC28D72762AA25EF8A81F06360" pageId="0" pageNumber="599">
<taxonomicName id="A7235F879DE0B1C46B83A36AE08AFE75" baseAuthorityName="Mocsary" baseAuthorityYear="1877" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Paradioxys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paradioxys pannonica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="599" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pannonica">Paradioxys pannonica</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken id="BFFA4C9BACCCC152090921C74345F490" originalValue="Mocsáry">Mocsary</normalizedToken>
, 1894: 35.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="713826E372034145072F89BF06BD9A13" pageId="0" pageNumber="599" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="7922CB1CD94331E8DD0AA8A3C7FE6490" pageId="0" pageNumber="599">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EFD2B1CE842F3F61430BCC93A31C36B6" pageId="0" pageNumber="599">
Middle-sized species, body length 7-10 mm. The only species of the genus within Europe. Typical by the characteristics of the genus, similar to species of the genus
<taxonomicName id="2CBCBCEF063A0E29E3E5FAE9634AFBF4" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Dioxys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dioxys" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="599" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C0FE6AE5A8958CBB431A2B29AB390AB3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="599">Dioxys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. It is uniform in appearance, females black with first four metasomal terga entirely reddish amd
<normalizedToken id="8919EAB1E8745C386941EC788BAABEE3" originalValue="males’">males'</normalizedToken>
whole metasoma reddish. Legs are also reddish (Fig.
<figureCitation id="90405FE540254D23A7BAA9A33272F4BA" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Paradioxys pannonicus A female, dorsal view B male, dorsal view C female, last metasomal segments, dorsal view D male, metasoma, ventral view E male, last metasomal segments, ventral view F male, last metasomal segments, dorsal view. Red scale bars represent the length of 1 mm, blue scale bars 100 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.96.104957.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/883567" pageId="0" pageNumber="599">19A, B</figureCitation>
). Metasoma of females have narrow apical bands of whitish short appressed hair; similar hairs are also distributed on the first metasomal terga laterally. The metasoma of males have bands of whitish short appressed hair that are sparse and barely visible. The male body has a tomentum-like light brown or yellowish hair. Females have a narrowed T6 and a very long and sharp S6, projecting behind the T6 (Fig.
<figureCitation id="4D020FFF36CAF2F32C6E4A524005D625" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Paradioxys pannonicus A female, dorsal view B male, dorsal view C female, last metasomal segments, dorsal view D male, metasoma, ventral view E male, last metasomal segments, ventral view F male, last metasomal segments, dorsal view. Red scale bars represent the length of 1 mm, blue scale bars 100 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.96.104957.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/883567" pageId="0" pageNumber="599">19C</figureCitation>
). In males, the end of the metasoma is straight, not curved (Fig.
<figureCitation id="F83D43FAD28607F08FCC95553960FE82" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Paradioxys pannonicus A female, dorsal view B male, dorsal view C female, last metasomal segments, dorsal view D male, metasoma, ventral view E male, last metasomal segments, ventral view F male, last metasomal segments, dorsal view. Red scale bars represent the length of 1 mm, blue scale bars 100 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.96.104957.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/883567" pageId="0" pageNumber="599">19F</figureCitation>
), and the apex of S4 has two prominent toothlike projections, which are larger than in males of
<taxonomicName id="0EF65C75B8C2B36A1C18BF75C7179D75" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Dioxys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dioxys" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="599" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B1A446139B54A85E34DEBD45F3FDFAAD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="599">Dioxys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Fig.
<figureCitation id="4543A1B890B9F52B8B57768CE22F5D33" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Paradioxys pannonicus A female, dorsal view B male, dorsal view C female, last metasomal segments, dorsal view D male, metasoma, ventral view E male, last metasomal segments, ventral view F male, last metasomal segments, dorsal view. Red scale bars represent the length of 1 mm, blue scale bars 100 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.96.104957.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/883567" pageId="0" pageNumber="599">19D, E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="ED0C081D6CEA96756CA0127317D72F3E" doi="10.3897/jhr.96.104957.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/883567" pageId="0" pageNumber="599" start="Figure 19" startId="F19">
<paragraph id="8398E71D7B7D3FE43B873CE9DCBC418F" pageId="0" pageNumber="599">
<emphasis id="F2B9D2CC316FBCD1C8C7FA7463FEEE68" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="599">Figure 19.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="87892FAD432A76F0E8888B89E1FB43A0" baseAuthorityName="Mocsary" baseAuthorityYear="1877" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Paradioxys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paradioxys pannonicus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="599" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pannonicus">
<emphasis id="311E2B98B60F437D0F986D885D947803" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="599">Paradioxys pannonicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="79FD5ED7FEE23AFBFB03E1E5AE651AEA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="599">A</emphasis>
female, dorsal view
<emphasis id="6014C2A465A2CFDA56EFEAD5CC6F7E83" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="599">B</emphasis>
male, dorsal view
<emphasis id="65D90BFA69C087D4873F49E307A51306" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="599">C</emphasis>
female, last metasomal segments, dorsal view
<emphasis id="DD062E7C288B69728FDB4EC542264ABC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="599">D</emphasis>
male, metasoma, ventral view
<emphasis id="090D0991174C8A8EA3253C1023BA2E67" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="599">E</emphasis>
male, last metasomal segments, ventral view
<emphasis id="0F9B96AFFFA1A3CE3C179288436C2BEA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="599">F</emphasis>
male, last metasomal segments, dorsal view. Red scale bars represent the length of 1 mm, blue scale bars 100
<normalizedToken id="D87A374F27C0C4C7ED44BFA5940AFBF7" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C0AE94EC520E0B57701B077F88789A60" pageId="0" pageNumber="599" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="B3D6887C56DECC97F5D393FA635FE58B" pageId="0" pageNumber="599">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="918D64D5E0D5AD580B594E810F38D0FC" pageId="0" pageNumber="599">
This species was described from Hungary and is a Euro-Asiatic species that occurs from central Europe to the north-eastern Mediterranean (Fig.
<figureCitation id="A0A88098684412727BA74DD5426B4954" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="F20" captionText="Figure 20. Paradioxys pannonicus, distribution in Europe." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.96.104957.figure20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/883568" pageId="0" pageNumber="599">20</figureCitation>
) and outside of Europe towards the Middle East and Iran (
<bibRefCitation id="D9518294E07CE0BA8020A702957FC884" author="Popov, VB" journalOrPublisher="Trudy Zoologicheskogo instituta Akademii nauk SSSR" pageId="0" pageNumber="599" pagination="3 - 32" refId="B25" refString="Popov, VB, 1936. To the knowledge of the genus Dioxys Lep. (Hymenoptera, Apoidea). Trudy Zoologicheskogo instituta Akademii nauk SSSR 3: 3 - 32" title="To the knowledge of the genus Dioxys Lep. (Hymenoptera, Apoidea)." volume="3" year="1936">Popov 1936</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="D017CF6B2CBEA922207CB56B6DAE67EC" author="Warncke, K" journalOrPublisher="Reichenbachia" pageId="0" pageNumber="599" pagination="265 - 282" refId="B38" refString="Warncke, K, 1977. Beitrag zur Systematik der westpaUiarktischen Bienengattung Dioxys LEP. &amp; SERV. (Hymenoptera, Apoidea). Reichenbachia 16: 265 - 282" title="Beitrag zur Systematik der westpaUiarktischen Bienengattung Dioxys LEP. &amp; SERV. (Hymenoptera, Apoidea)." volume="16" year="1977">Warncke 1977</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C4EE9FB2D51EA914008B3FE2685959B3" author="Bogusch, P" journalOrPublisher="Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, Supplementum" pageId="0" pageNumber="599" pagination="1 - 300" refId="B6" refString="Bogusch, P, Straka, J, Kment, P, 2007. Annotated checklist of the Aculeata (Hymenoptera) of the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Komentovany seznam zahadlovych blanokridlych (Hymenoptera: Aculeata) Ceske republiky a Slovenska. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, Supplementum 11: 1 - 300" title="Annotated checklist of the Aculeata (Hymenoptera) of the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Komentovany seznam zahadlovych blanokridlych (Hymenoptera: Aculeata) Ceske republiky a Slovenska." volume="11" year="2007">Bogusch et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="033F4E9A7EF06A834086B9DE1B95A8CF" author="Gusenleitner, F" editor="Schuster, R" journalOrPublisher="6. Oesterreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien" pageId="0" pageNumber="599" pagination="9 - 126" refId="B12" refString="Gusenleitner, F, Schwarz, M, Mazzucco, K, 2012. Apidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera). In: Schuster, R, Ed., Checklisten der Fauna Oesterreichs, No. 6. Oesterreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien: 9 - 126" title="Apidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera)." volumeTitle="Checklisten der Fauna Oesterreichs, No." year="2012">Gusenleitner et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="8965A17CB7C4193B31F4D4567F6DCD82" author="Ascher, JS" pageId="0" pageNumber="599" publicationUrl="http://www.discoverlife.org/" refId="B1" refString="Ascher, JS, Pickering, J, 2023. Discover Life bee species guide and world checklist (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila). http://www.discoverlife.org/" title="Discover Life bee species guide and world checklist (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila)." url="http://www.discoverlife.org/" year="2023">Ascher and Pickering 2023</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="9BE75B500586A57999EB764BDCBAC3A2" doi="10.3897/jhr.96.104957.figure20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/883568" pageId="0" pageNumber="599" start="Figure 20" startId="F20">
<paragraph id="9F1EC0CBD4FDF56D284ECDEA7A9ADA4E" pageId="0" pageNumber="599">
<emphasis id="9F3EF4B336408B7B1ADAA52187508ABC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="599">Figure 20.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="BB27046851F72EBA63DB0DBF9E893BB4" baseAuthorityName="Mocsary" baseAuthorityYear="1877" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Paradioxys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paradioxys pannonicus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="599" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pannonicus">
<emphasis id="663FB0AC1519AD2278C0F8CBA619E293" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="599">Paradioxys pannonicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, distribution in Europe.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5987B73C6B4A48A4086C17C35C4CC31B" pageId="0" pageNumber="599" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="3D29E22C93F9205EBD46BB9CBBCB58F3" pageId="0" pageNumber="599">Biology and hosts.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C59193429FFC644250B011CBB908BFAC" pageId="0" pageNumber="599">
This species attacks nests of species of the family
<taxonomicName id="DB37D6D39DAC927F217F4DD4AF715891" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="599" phylum="Arthopoda" rank="family">Megachilidae</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="03B748F00CAEE3DB4CC3968FA2A56CFB" author="Scheuchl, E" journalOrPublisher="Quelle &amp; Meyer, Leipzig" pageId="0" pageNumber="599" refId="B30" refString="Scheuchl, E, Willner, M, 2016. Taschenlexikon der Wildbienen Mitteleuropas: Alle Arten im Portraet. Quelle &amp; Meyer, Leipzig" title="Taschenlexikon der Wildbienen Mitteleuropas: Alle Arten im Portraet." year="2016">Scheuchl and Willner (2016)</bibRefCitation>
reported
<taxonomicName id="AD4C347FCB3A17DABC14C81A1DA2D2A6" baseAuthorityName="Mocsary" baseAuthorityYear="1877" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Chalicodoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chalicodoma hungarica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="599" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hungarica">
<emphasis id="260A16F1B68A506D1C61D2E1936801B1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="599">Chalicodoma hungarica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<normalizedToken id="4518B468EC1678DE70C0190EB3A0159F" originalValue="Mocsáry">Mocsary</normalizedToken>
) as its main host, and
<bibRefCitation id="6AE1B93BAC90AE8EAD486E6389823AC1" author="Gusenleitner, F" editor="Schuster, R" journalOrPublisher="6. Oesterreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien" pageId="0" pageNumber="599" pagination="9 - 126" refId="B12" refString="Gusenleitner, F, Schwarz, M, Mazzucco, K, 2012. Apidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera). In: Schuster, R, Ed., Checklisten der Fauna Oesterreichs, No. 6. Oesterreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien: 9 - 126" title="Apidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera)." volumeTitle="Checklisten der Fauna Oesterreichs, No." year="2012">Gusenleitner et al. (2012)</bibRefCitation>
included
<taxonomicName id="9BCB781DCA10186BB785B36CEF658543" lsidName="C. parietina" pageId="0" pageNumber="599" rank="species" species="parietina">
<emphasis id="34AF7D32551D3700A79BE12CFC0FDE09" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="599">C. parietina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as its host.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="82BB4D8008AA6694DF0D790DB25AA013" pageId="0" pageNumber="599" type="conservation status">
<paragraph id="14A0AF6A3F2615FA78684C4316C79463" pageId="0" pageNumber="599">Conservation status.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D42A3AEF87C8EC381C725E9E318B53CE" pageId="0" pageNumber="599">
<bibRefCitation id="6B40C7A49630A968483444943013B39D" author="Nieto, A" journalOrPublisher="Publication Office of the European Union, Brussels, Belgium" pageId="0" pageNumber="599" refId="B23" refString="Nieto, A, Roberts, SPM, Kemp, J, Rasmont, P, Kuhlmann, M, Garcia Criado, M, Biesmeijer, JC, Bogusch, P, Dathe, HH, De la Rua, P, De Meulemeester, T, Dehon, M, Dewulf, A, Ortiz-Sanchez, FJ, Lhomme, P, Pauly, A, Potts, SG, Praz, C, Quaranta, M, Radchenko, VG, Scheuchl, E, Smit, J, Straka, J, Terzo, M, Tomozei, B, Window, J, Michez, D, 2014. European Red List of Bees. Publication Office of the European Union, Brussels, Belgium" title="European Red List of Bees." year="2014">Nieto et al. (2014)</bibRefCitation>
classified this species as DD - data deficient. This is a typical Pannonian species occurring in the Pannonian basin. However, there is a lack of records from recent years, and the most recent finds are from the 1970s and 1980s. We suppose this species is CR - critically endangered in Europe.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</subSection>
</document>
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