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<mods:title id="48C4C0CB91163F68E060162B989B630D">The Muscidae (Diptera) of Saudi Arabia, descriptions of two new species, new records and updated list of species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F54AC9A6A99ADDE09AD1899668251D3F">Abdullah, Mohammed A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="31279B6EBA99E6E81EF6714938184B38">Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, PO Box 9004, Abha- 61413, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. mohd _ robiya @ hotmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 3323 - 3623</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="6117A5868B4B95130AC295C5D2C2E947">Deeming, John C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="23AC849E29AFA778C25F29CEB4DBF3E6">National Museum of Wales, Department of Natural Sciences, Entomology Section, Cardiff, CF 10 3 NP, UK. john. deeming @ museumwales. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 6703 - 8180</mods:affiliation>
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<emphasis id="B932753B2C3CFF8EFF3A656AFED9042C" bold="true" box="[151,335,1122,1148]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Lispe pectinipes</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7D4D82C3CFF8EFEFB656AFE78042C" author="Becker, T." box="[342,494,1122,1148]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="67 - 195" refId="ref30120" refString="Becker, T. (1903) Aegyptische Dipteren (Fortsetzung und Schluss). Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin, 2, 67 - 195. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnz. 4830020301" type="journal article" year="1903">Becker, 1903</bibRefCitation>
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<emphasis id="B932753B2C3CFF8EFF3A658FFEDB04F0" box="[151,333,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Lispe pectinipes</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7D4D82C3CFF8EFEFE658EFDB404F0" author="Becker, T." box="[339,546,1158,1184]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="67 - 195" refId="ref30120" refString="Becker, T. (1903) Aegyptische Dipteren (Fortsetzung und Schluss). Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin, 2, 67 - 195. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnz. 4830020301" type="journal article" year="1903">Becker, 1903: 113</bibRefCitation>
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<emphasis id="B932753B2C3CFF8EFF6A65A2FE530494" bold="true" box="[199,453,1194,1220]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Specimens examined.</emphasis>
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<collectingDate id="EFBC76012C3CFF8EFC5365A2FBE70494" box="[1022,1137,1194,1220]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" value="2014-10-29">29.x.2014</collectingDate>
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, 3f,
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(
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;
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); 1f,
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, Keratha, Al-Ethrebany Fruit Farm,
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,
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,
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(
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.
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<emphasis id="B932753B2C3CFF8EFF6A641EFEF70560" bold="true" box="[199,353,1302,1328]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Distribution.</emphasis>
This species was previously recorded from
<collectingCountry id="F351E9B92C3CFF8EFCC7641EFC690560" box="[874,1023,1302,1328]" name="Saudi Arabia" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Saudi Arabia</collectingCountry>
by
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7D4D82C3CFF8EFB9C641FFB2B0560" author="Pont, A. C." box="[1073,1213,1302,1329]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refId="ref35020" refString="Pont, A. C. (1991) A review of the Fanniidae and Muscidae (Diptera) of the Arabian Peninsula. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 12, 312 - 265." type="book" year="1991">Pont (1991)</bibRefCitation>
;
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El-Hawagry
<emphasis id="B932753B2C3CFF8EFACD641FFA030560" box="[1376,1429,1302,1328]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">et al</emphasis>
. (2016
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;
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7D4D82C3CFF8EFF4B6432FEB70504" author="El-Hawagry, M. S. &amp; Abdel-Dayem, M. S. &amp; Al Dhafer, H. M." box="[230,289,1338,1364]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="1499 - 1530" refId="ref32135" refString="El-Hawagry, M. S., Abdel-Dayem, M. S., El-Sonbati &amp; Al Dhafer, H. M. (2017) A preliminary account of the fly fauna in Gard Raydah Nature Reserve, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, with new records and biogeographical remarks (Diptera: Insecta). Journal of Natural History, 51 (25 - 26), 1499 - 1530. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222933.2017.1347299" type="journal article" year="2017">2017</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7D4D82C3CFF8EFE816432FEFF0504" author="El-Hawagry, M. S. &amp; Abdel-Dayem, M. S. &amp; Al Dhafer, H. M." box="[300,361,1338,1364]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="1377 - 1393" refId="ref32217" refString="El-Hawagry, M. S., Abdel-Dayem, M. S. &amp; Al Dhafer, H. M. (2018) A contribution to the knowledge of fly fauna in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: new country records and an account of flies identified from Rawdhats, Riyadh Region, with biogeographical remarks (Insecta: Diptera). Journal of Natural History, 52 (21 - 22), 1377 - 1393. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222933.2018.1456575" type="journal article" year="2018">2018</bibRefCitation>
). It was described from
<collectingCountry id="F351E9B92C3CFF8EFDDF6433FD2F0505" box="[626,697,1339,1365]" name="Egypt" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Egypt</collectingCountry>
. In the Arabian Peninsula it was recorded from
<collectingCountry id="F351E9B92C3CFF8EFB6B6432FA9C0504" box="[1222,1290,1338,1364]" name="Oman" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Oman</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7D4D82C3CFF8EFAB56432FA190504" author="Pont, A. C." box="[1304,1423,1338,1364]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refId="ref35020" refString="Pont, A. C. (1991) A review of the Fanniidae and Muscidae (Diptera) of the Arabian Peninsula. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 12, 312 - 265." type="book" year="1991">Pont 1991</bibRefCitation>
), the
<collectingCountry id="F351E9B92C3CFF8EFF6D6456FE230528" box="[192,437,1374,1400]" name="United Arab Emirates" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">United Arab Emirates</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7D4D82C3CFF8EFE6E6456FDF90528" author="Deeming, J. C." box="[451,623,1374,1400]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refId="ref31673" refString="Deeming, J. C. (2008) Order Diptera, family Muscidae. In: van Harten, A. (Ed.), Arthropod Fauna of the United Arab Emirates. Vol. 1. Dar Al-Ummah Printing, Publishing, Distribution &amp; Advertising, Abu Dhabi, pp. 714 - 723." type="book" year="2008">Deeming 2008</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="F351E9B92C3CFF8EFD2F6457FD5E0529" box="[642,712,1375,1401]" name="Egypt" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Egypt</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F351E9B92C3CFF8EFD7E6456FC870528" box="[723,785,1374,1400]" name="Israel" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Israel</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F351E9B92C3CFF8EFCEA6456FC010528" box="[839,919,1374,1400]" name="Turkey" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Turkey</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7D4D82C3CFF8EFC086456FBD30528" author="Vikhrev, N. E." box="[933,1093,1374,1400]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="147 - 170" refId="ref37550" refString="Vikhrev, N. E. (2014) Taxonomic notes on Lispe (Diptera: Muscidae). Parts, 1 - 9. Amurian Zoological Journal, VI (2), 147 - 170." type="journal article" year="2014">Vikhrev 2014</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF9A9292C3CFF8EFF6A648AFE66067D" blockId="37.[151,1437,1122,1761]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="B932753B2C3CFF8EFF6A648AFE2605CC" bold="true" box="[199,432,1410,1436]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Biological remarks.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7D4D82C3CFF8EFE1A648AFD0E05CC" author="Gregor, F. &amp; Rozkosny, R. &amp; Bartak, M. &amp; Vanhara, J." box="[439,664,1410,1436]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 280" refId="ref32614" refString="Gregor, F., Rozkosny, R., Bartak, M. &amp; Vanhara, J. (2002) The Muscidae (Diptera) of Central Europe. Folia Facultatis Scientiarum Naturalium, Universitatis Masarykianae Brunensis, Biologia, 107, 1 - 280." type="journal article" year="2002">
Gregor
<emphasis id="B932753B2C3CFF8EFDA3648BFDD005CC" box="[526,582,1410,1436]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">et al.</emphasis>
(2002)
</bibRefCitation>
gave an account of
<taxonomicName id="4C46D2AA2C3CFF8EFCD4648BFC2005CC" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1796" box="[889,950,1411,1436]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Lispe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B932753B2C3CFF8EFCD4648BFC2005CC" box="[889,950,1411,1436]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Lispe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
behaviour and biology. The adults of
<taxonomicName id="4C46D2AA2C3CFF8EFACD648BFA0B05CC" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1796" box="[1376,1437,1411,1436]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Lispe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B932753B2C3CFF8EFACD648BFA0B05CC" box="[1376,1437,1411,1436]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Lispe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are active predators of mainly small insects and often show striking sexual dimorphism in characters which feature in their courtship behaviour. Larvae of some species of
<taxonomicName id="4C46D2AA2C3CFF8EFCA564C3FCD305B4" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1796" box="[776,837,1483,1508]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Lispe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B932753B2C3CFF8EFCA564C3FCD305B4" box="[776,837,1483,1508]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Lispe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
possibly hatch in the second instar (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7D4D82C3CFF8EFB7364C2FA0605B5" author="Skidmore, P." box="[1246,1424,1482,1509]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refId="ref36277" refString="Skidmore, P. (1985) The Biology of the Muscidae of the World. Series Entomologica 29. Dr. W. Junk Publishers, Dordrecht, 550 pp." type="book" year="1985">Skidmore 1985</bibRefCitation>
). All known
<taxonomicName id="4C46D2AA2C3CFF8EFEB864E7FEC40658" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1796" box="[277,338,1519,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Lispe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B932753B2C3CFF8EFEB864E7FEC40658" box="[277,338,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Lispe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
larvae develop in wet sand or mud with high organic content. The predaceous larvae live in moist sand and mud alongside water.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF9A9292C3CFF8EFF6A673EFDA206B1" blockId="37.[151,1437,1122,1761]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="B932753B2C3CFF8EFF6A673EFE290600" bold="true" box="[199,447,1590,1616]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Taxonomic remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C46D2AA2C3CFF8EFE6A673FFDCE0600" authorityName="Becker" authorityYear="1903" box="[455,600,1591,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Lispe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pectinipes">
<emphasis id="B932753B2C3CFF8EFE6A673FFDCE0600" box="[455,600,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">L. pectinipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a member of the
<taxonomicName id="4C46D2AA2C3CFF8EFC92673FFB2C0600" authority="(Wiedemann, 1830)" baseAuthorityName="Wiedemann" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[831,1210,1590,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" genus="Coenosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucospila">
<emphasis id="B932753B2C3CFF8EFC92673FFC470600" box="[831,977,1590,1616]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">L. leucospila</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7D4D82C3CFF8EFC4C673EFB240600" author="Wiedemann, C. R. W." box="[993,1202,1590,1616]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refId="ref37841" refString="Wiedemann, C. R. W. (1830) Aussereuropaische zweiflugelige Insekten (concl.). Vol. 2. in der Schulzischen Buchhandlung, Hamm, xii + 684 pp." type="book" year="1830">Wiedemann, 1830</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
complex of species or forms. It is difficult to assess species-limits in this complex (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7D4D82C3CFF8EFCC86752FC480624" author="Pont, A. C." box="[869,990,1626,1652]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refId="ref35020" refString="Pont, A. C. (1991) A review of the Fanniidae and Muscidae (Diptera) of the Arabian Peninsula. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 12, 312 - 265." type="book" year="1991">Pont 1991</bibRefCitation>
). Therefore, the true distribution of this species is difficult to be certain of because of its morphological similarity with
<taxonomicName id="4C46D2AA2C3CFF8EFBBF6777FB3506C8" baseAuthorityName="Wiedemann" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[1042,1187,1662,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" genus="Coenosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucospila">
<emphasis id="B932753B2C3CFF8EFBBF6777FB3506C8" box="[1042,1187,1662,1688]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">L. leucospila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, the dissection of the male genitalia of a specimen collected from
<collectingRegion id="498267CB2C3CFF8EFCAB67AAFCAE06EC" box="[774,824,1698,1724]" country="Saudi Arabia" name="'Asir" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Asir</collectingRegion>
, Maraba,
<collectingCountry id="F351E9B92C3CFF8EFC0A67AAFBAF06EC" box="[935,1081,1698,1724]" name="Saudi Arabia" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Saudi Arabia</collectingCountry>
in this study showed it to be
<taxonomicName id="4C46D2AA2C3CFF8EFA2B67ABFE9F06B0" authorityName="Becker" authorityYear="1903" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Lispe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pectinipes">
<emphasis id="B932753B2C3CFF8EFA2B67ABFE9F06B0" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">L. pectinipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(also see
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7D4D82C3CFF8EFED567CFFDB106B1" author="Pont, A. C." box="[376,551,1734,1761]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refId="ref35020" refString="Pont, A. C. (1991) A review of the Fanniidae and Muscidae (Diptera) of the Arabian Peninsula. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 12, 312 - 265." type="book" year="1991">Pont 1991: 353</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>