374 lines
52 KiB
XML
374 lines
52 KiB
XML
<document id="D8F31A923ABEF806148065D27D031916" ID-DOI="10.1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00787.x" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5407240" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630347082768" checkinUser="marcus" docAuthor="Hooker, Jerry J. & Russell, Donald E." docDate="2012" docId="03DE8792FFB96560FC9CF944FA09FBCB" docLanguage="en" docName="j.1096-3642.2011.00787.x.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 164 (4)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00787.x" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FBF0BF18BB2B256F1F8008F27D80BF37.3:ZoolJLinnSoc.2010-2016.journal_article" docStyleId="FBF0BF18BB2B256F1F8008F27D80BF37" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2010-2016.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Prolouisina atavella Hooker & Russell 2012" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="901" masterDocId="FFE7FFEAFF92654DFFF1FFB0FF80FF80" masterDocTitle="Early Palaeogene Louisinidae (Macroscelidea, Mammalia), their relationships and north European diversity" masterLastPageNumber="936" masterPageNumber="856" pageNumber="899" updateTime="1699238364316" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="8B54CB9E82EDB8ED7470BD9FABF69BA2">Early Palaeogene Louisinidae (Macroscelidea, Mammalia), their relationships and north European diversity</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="81C6CDF6E4C02FE94FAEB2EDE5DE77AA">Russell, Donald E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="8A4E47EFC47A870AEA36B05D7C76331A">Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="DF84127F7BA287AE3D60A0EA12A065E1">
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<mods:date id="1558FD8D28201FF541DD72470E70A878">2012</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03DE8792FFB96560FC9CF944FA09FBCB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5479828" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5479828" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DE8792FFB96560FC9CF944FA09FBCB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DE8792FFB96560FC9CF944FA09FBCB" lastPageId="45" lastPageNumber="901" pageId="43" pageNumber="899">
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<subSubSection id="C36D650FFFB96566FC9CF944FB79F8AA" pageId="43" pageNumber="899" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BC83684FFB96566FC9CF944FAC7F88A" blockId="43.[877,1351,1780,1834]" box="[877,1351,1780,1802]" pageId="43" pageNumber="899">
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<heading id="D08081E8FFB96566FC9CF944FAC7F88A" box="[877,1351,1780,1802]" centered="true" fontSize="8" level="2" pageId="43" pageNumber="899" reason="8">
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<taxonomicName id="4C774D07FFB96566FC9CF944FAC7F88A" authority="(RUSSELL, 1964)" authorityName="Hooker & Russell" authorityYear="2012" baseAuthorityName="Russell" baseAuthorityYear="1964" box="[877,1351,1780,1802]" class="Mammalia" family="Louisinidae" genus="Prolouisina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macroscelidea" pageId="43" pageNumber="902" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atavella">
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<emphasis id="B903EA96FFB96566FC9CF944FBFEF888" box="[877,1150,1780,1801]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="899">PROLOUISINA ATAVELLA</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B75FFB96566FB7EF944FABFF88A" author="Russell DE" box="[1167,1343,1780,1802]" pageId="43" pageNumber="899" pagination="1 - 324" refId="ref53728" refString="Russell DE. 1964. Les Mammiferes paleocenes d'Europe. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (NS) (C) 13: 1 - 324, 16 pls." type="journal article" year="1964">RUSSELL, 1964</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC83684FFB96566FC4BF8A7FB79F8AA" blockId="43.[877,1351,1780,1834]" box="[954,1273,1812,1834]" pageId="43" pageNumber="899">
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<heading id="D08081E8FFB96566FC4BF8A7FB79F8AA" box="[954,1273,1812,1834]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="43" pageNumber="899" reason="4">
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<emphasis id="B903EA96FFB96566FC4BF8A7FBC6F8A9" bold="true" box="[954,1094,1812,1833]" pageId="43" pageNumber="899">COMB. NOV.</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="134C2A01FFB96566FBA9F8A4FB33F8A9" box="[1112,1203,1812,1833]" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="44.[164,243,1659,1678]" captionTargetBox="[164,1445,193,1629]" captionTargetId="figure-0@44.[164,1445,193,1629]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="Figure 21. Scanning electron micrographs of gold-palladium coated epoxy casts of teeth and jaw of Prolouisina atavella (Russell, 1964) comb. nov., Palaeocene, Walbeck, Germany. A, RP4 (reversed) (MLU.Wa/418). B, composite LP4–M2, RM3 (reversed) (MLU.Wa/412). C, left dentary with P4–M3 (MLU.Wa103.2011). D, RP3 (reversed) (MLU.Wa/419). E, composite RP4–M3 (reversed) (MLU.Wa/415). Views are: buccal (A1, B1, D2, E2), occlusal (A2, B2, D1, E1), and lingual (D3, E3). Scale bar = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5407270" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5407270/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="899">FIGS 21</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="134C2A01FFB96566FB33F8A4FB72F8AA" box="[1218,1266,1812,1834]" captionStart="Figure 33" captionStartId="69.[144,223,1318,1337]" captionTargetBox="[310,1260,201,1282]" captionTargetId="figure-225@69.[303,1263,194,1288]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="Figure 33. Occlusal diagrams of P4, P, and (except Teilhardimys musculus) M trigonid of Prolouisina atavella (A), 4 1 Louisina marci (B), Louisina mirabilis (C), Teilhardimys brisswalteri (D), and Te. musculus (E). Facets are numbered following Butler (1952a, b). Uppers are shown as from left side, lowers from right side. Diagrams are partly schematic, drawn from the maximum number of informative specimens. C is based on MNHN.F.CR-248-Bn, MNHN.F.BRL-3-Pn, and MNHN.F.BR-143. E is based mainly on NHMUK.M29708 and M50379. Taxa not shown to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5407288" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5407288/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="899">33A</figureCitation>
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)
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<footnote id="E86C2A8AFFB96566FCD7F88AFC4AF8EF" pageId="43" pageNumber="899">
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<paragraph id="8BC83684FFB96566FCD7F88AFC4AF8EF" blockId="43.[806,1421,1850,1903]" pageId="43" pageNumber="899">
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*v 1964
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<taxonomicName id="4C774D07FFB96566FC61F88BFB3FF8D0" authority="Russell" authorityName="Russell" box="[912,1215,1850,1872]" class="Mammalia" family="Louisinidae" genus="Louisina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macroscelidea" pageId="43" pageNumber="899" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atavella">
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<emphasis id="B903EA96FFB96566FC61F88BFBDCF8CF" box="[912,1116,1850,1872]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="899">Louisina atavella</emphasis>
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Russell
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</taxonomicName>
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: pp. 245–247, pl. 15, figs 4–6.
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</paragraph>
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</footnote>
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<caption id="DF08660CFFBE6561FF55F9CBFEE3F884" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5407270" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5407270" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5407270/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="900" startId="44.[164,243,1659,1678]" targetBox="[164,1445,193,1629]" targetPageId="44">
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<paragraph id="8BC83684FFBE6561FF55F9CBFEE3F884" blockId="44.[164,1441,1659,1796]" pageId="44" pageNumber="900">
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<emphasis id="B903EA96FFBE6561FF55F9CBFE99F90E" bold="true" box="[164,281,1659,1678]" pageId="44" pageNumber="900">Figure 21.</emphasis>
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Scanning electron micrographs of gold-palladium coated epoxy casts of teeth and jaw of
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<taxonomicName id="4C774D07FFBE6561FB3CF9CBFEC0F92B" authority="(Russell, 1964)" authorityName="Hooker & Russell" authorityYear="2012" baseAuthorityName="Russell" baseAuthorityYear="1964" class="Mammalia" family="Louisinidae" genus="Prolouisina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macroscelidea" pageId="44" pageNumber="900" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atavella" status="comb. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B903EA96FFBE6561FB3CF9CBFA21F90E" box="[1229,1441,1659,1678]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="900">Prolouisina atavella</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B75FFBE6561FF5AF928FEB9F92B" author="Russell DE" box="[171,313,1688,1707]" pageId="44" pageNumber="900" pagination="1 - 324" refId="ref53728" refString="Russell DE. 1964. Les Mammiferes paleocenes d'Europe. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (NS) (C) 13: 1 - 324, 16 pls." type="journal article" year="1964">Russell, 1964</bibRefCitation>
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||
)
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B903EA96FFBE6561FEB9F928FE44F92B" bold="true" box="[328,452,1688,1707]" pageId="44" pageNumber="900">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23057EDFFBE6561FEB9F928FE44F92B" box="[328,452,1688,1707]" pageId="44" pageNumber="900" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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, Palaeocene, Walbeck, Germany. A, RP
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<superScript id="7C029BCCFFBE6561FC92F925FCEAF921" attach="left" box="[867,874,1685,1697]" fontSize="5" pageId="44" pageNumber="900">4</superScript>
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(reversed) (MLU.Wa/418). B, composite LP
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<superScript id="7C029BCCFFBE6561FAC4F925FABCF921" attach="left" box="[1333,1340,1685,1697]" fontSize="5" pageId="44" pageNumber="900">4</superScript>
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–M
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<superScript id="7C029BCCFFBE6561FAAEF925FAE6F921" attach="right" box="[1375,1382,1685,1697]" fontSize="5" pageId="44" pageNumber="900">2</superScript>
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, RM
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<superScript id="7C029BCCFFBE6561FA6BF925FA21F921" attach="left" box="[1434,1441,1685,1697]" fontSize="5" pageId="44" pageNumber="900">3</superScript>
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(reversed) (MLU.Wa/412). C, left dentary with P
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<subScript id="17F334C1FFBE6561FD55F90DFD2BF949" attach="left" box="[676,683,1725,1737]" fontSize="5" pageId="44" pageNumber="900">4</subScript>
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–M
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<subScript id="17F334C1FFBE6561FD3FF90DFD55F949" attach="left" box="[718,725,1725,1737]" fontSize="5" pageId="44" pageNumber="900">3</subScript>
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(MLU.Wa103.2011). D, RP
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<subScript id="17F334C1FFBE6561FC05F90DFC7BF949" attach="left" box="[1012,1019,1725,1737]" fontSize="5" pageId="44" pageNumber="900">3</subScript>
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(reversed) (MLU.Wa/419). E, composite RP
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<subScript id="17F334C1FFBE6561FF32F96AFF4AF966" attach="left" box="[195,202,1754,1766]" fontSize="5" pageId="44" pageNumber="900">4</subScript>
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–M
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<subScript id="17F334C1FFBE6561FF1CF96AFF74F966" attach="left" box="[237,244,1754,1766]" fontSize="5" pageId="44" pageNumber="900">3</subScript>
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(reversed) (MLU.Wa/415). Views are: buccal (A1, B1, D2, E2), occlusal (A2, B2, D1, E1), and lingual (D3, E3). Scale bar
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<emphasis id="B903EA96FFBE6561FEFFF95FFE9AF883" bold="true" box="[270,282,1775,1795]" pageId="44" pageNumber="900">=</emphasis>
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2 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="C36D650FFFBF6560FF61FF76FA09FBCB" pageId="45" pageNumber="901" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BC83684FFBF6560FF61FF76FE1EFF7A" blockId="45.[144,759,198,250]" pageId="45" pageNumber="901">
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<materialsCitation id="3B1F3CD9FFBF6560FF61FF76FE1EFF7A" collectionCode="R, MLU" pageId="45" pageNumber="901" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="B903EA96FFBF6560FF61FF76FF7AFF5B" box="[144,250,198,219]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="901">
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<typeStatus id="54CC8826FFBF6560FF61FF76FF74FF5B" box="[144,244,198,219]" pageId="45" pageNumber="901" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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</emphasis>
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<collectionCode id="ED66AE41FFBF6560FEF5FF76FE96FF5B" box="[260,278,198,219]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="45" pageNumber="901">R</collectionCode>
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dentary with P
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<subScript id="17F334C1FFBF6560FE23FF60FE5AFF5C" attach="left" box="[466,474,208,220]" fontSize="5" pageId="45" pageNumber="901">4</subScript>
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–M
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<subScript id="17F334C1FFBF6560FE0EFF60FD87FF5C" attach="left" box="[511,519,208,220]" fontSize="5" pageId="45" pageNumber="901">3</subScript>
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and alveoli for P
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<subScript id="17F334C1FFBF6560FD26FF60FD6FFF5C" attach="left" box="[727,751,208,220]" fontSize="5" pageId="45" pageNumber="901">2–3</subScript>
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,
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<collectionCode id="ED66AE41FFBF6560FF61FF54FF4EFF7A" box="[144,206,228,250]" pageId="45" pageNumber="901">MLU</collectionCode>
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.Wa/356, Walbeck.
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</materialsCitation>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC83684FFBF6560FF61FE96FEFCFED9" blockId="45.[144,758,293,346]" pageId="45" pageNumber="901">
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||
<emphasis id="B903EA96FFBF6560FF61FE96FE87FEBB" box="[144,263,294,315]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="901">
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||
<typeStatus id="54CC8826FFBF6560FF61FE96FE81FEBB" box="[144,257,294,315]" pageId="45" pageNumber="901" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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||
:
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||
</emphasis>
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See list of referred material, Walbeck (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B75FFBF6560FF66FEF4FEF0FED9" author="Russell DE" box="[151,368,323,346]" pageId="45" pageNumber="901" pagination="1 - 324" refId="ref53728" refString="Russell DE. 1964. Les Mammiferes paleocenes d'Europe. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (NS) (C) 13: 1 - 324, 16 pls." type="journal article" year="1964">Russell, 1964: 245</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC83684FFBF6560FF61FE35FD70FE76" blockId="45.[144,759,386,502]" pageId="45" pageNumber="901">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA96FFBF6560FF61FE35FEB8FE19" box="[144,312,388,410]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="901">New material:</emphasis>
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||
Composite upper dentition (
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||
<collectionCode id="ED66AE41FFBF6560FD68FE34FD3BFE19" box="[665,699,388,409]" country="Russia" name="Laboratory of Palaeontology" pageId="45" pageNumber="901">LP</collectionCode>
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<superScript id="7C029BCCFFBF6560FD4BFE32FD42FE0E" attach="left" box="[698,706,386,398]" fontSize="5" pageId="45" pageNumber="901">4</superScript>
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||
–M
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<superScript id="7C029BCCFFBF6560FD16FE32FD6FFE0E" attach="left" box="[743,751,386,398]" fontSize="5" pageId="45" pageNumber="901">2</superScript>
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||
, two RP
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<superScript id="7C029BCCFFBF6560FF14FE11FF6DFE2D" attach="left" box="[229,237,417,429]" fontSize="5" pageId="45" pageNumber="901">4</superScript>
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||
,
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||
<collectionCode id="ED66AE41FFBF6560FF0EFE13FEA8FE38" box="[255,296,419,440]" country="Canada" name="McGill University, Redpath Museum" pageId="45" pageNumber="901" type="Museum">RM</collectionCode>
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||
<superScript id="7C029BCCFFBF6560FED9FE11FEC0FE2D" attach="left" box="[296,320,417,429]" fontSize="5" pageId="45" pageNumber="901">1–3</superScript>
|
||
),
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||
<collectionCode id="ED66AE41FFBF6560FEA8FE13FE17FE38" box="[345,407,419,440]" pageId="45" pageNumber="901">MLU</collectionCode>
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||
.Wa/418; composite lower dentition (
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||
<collectionCode id="ED66AE41FFBF6560FF13FE72FE84FE57" box="[226,260,450,471]" country="Russia" name="Laboratory of Palaeontology" pageId="45" pageNumber="901">LP</collectionCode>
|
||
<subScript id="17F334C1FFBF6560FEF2FE7BFE8BFE57" attach="left" box="[259,267,459,471]" fontSize="5" pageId="45" pageNumber="901">4</subScript>
|
||
, two LM
|
||
<subScript id="17F334C1FFBF6560FE8DFE7BFE04FE57" attach="left" box="[380,388,459,471]" fontSize="5" pageId="45" pageNumber="901">3</subScript>
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, RP
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||
<subScript id="17F334C1FFBF6560FE4BFE7BFE42FE57" attach="right" box="[442,450,459,471]" fontSize="5" pageId="45" pageNumber="901">3</subScript>
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, P
|
||
<subScript id="17F334C1FFBF6560FE17FE7BFE6EFE57" attach="right" box="[486,494,459,471]" fontSize="5" pageId="45" pageNumber="901">4</subScript>
|
||
, M
|
||
<subScript id="17F334C1FFBF6560FDE9FE7BFDA0FE57" attach="left" box="[536,544,459,471]" fontSize="5" pageId="45" pageNumber="901">3</subScript>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED66AE41FFBF6560FDCDFE72FDFAFE57" box="[572,634,450,471]" pageId="45" pageNumber="901">MLU</collectionCode>
|
||
.Wa/419; L dentary with P
|
||
<subScript id="17F334C1FFBF6560FEB1FE5AFEC8FE76" attach="left" box="[320,328,490,502]" fontSize="5" pageId="45" pageNumber="901">4</subScript>
|
||
–M
|
||
<subScript id="17F334C1FFBF6560FE9CFE5AFEF5FE76" attach="left" box="[365,373,490,502]" fontSize="5" pageId="45" pageNumber="901">3</subScript>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED66AE41FFBF6560FE77FE50FE45FE75" box="[390,453,480,501]" pageId="45" pageNumber="901">MLU</collectionCode>
|
||
.Wa103.2011; all Walbeck.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC83684FFBF6560FF61FD91FEEFFDF3" blockId="45.[144,759,545,628]" pageId="45" pageNumber="901">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA96FFBF6560FF61FD91FE16FDB6" box="[144,406,545,566]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="901">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D07FFBF6560FF61FD91FF39FDB6" box="[144,185,545,566]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Age" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="901" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Age</taxonomicName>
|
||
and distribution:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Known only from the late Selandian, Middle Palaeocene fissure fillings of Walbeck,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3607614FFBF6560FEF1FDEEFEEBFDF3" box="[256,363,606,627]" name="Germany" pageId="45" pageNumber="901">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC83684FFBF6560FF61FD2FFDB1FD34" blockId="45.[144,561,670,692]" box="[144,561,670,692]" pageId="45" pageNumber="901">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA96FFBF6560FF61FD2FFE86FD34" box="[144,262,671,692]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="901">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
|
||
As for genus, monotypic.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC83684FFBF6560FF61FD50FE91FD75" blockId="45.[144,759,736,1155]" box="[144,273,736,757]" pageId="45" pageNumber="901">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA96FFBF6560FF61FD50FE91FD75" box="[144,273,736,757]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="901">Description</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC83684FFBF6560FF61FD4EFD0DFB03" blockId="45.[144,759,736,1155]" pageId="45" pageNumber="901">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA96FFBF6560FF61FD4EFF2FFC93" box="[144,175,764,787]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="901">
|
||
P
|
||
<superScript id="7C029BCCFFBF6560FF51FD4CFF28FC88" attach="left" box="[160,168,764,776]" fontSize="5" pageId="45" pageNumber="901">4</superScript>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The five teeth show an outline subdivided into a larger buccal and a smaller lingual lobe, with a ‘waist’ in between (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134C2A01FFBF6560FED6FC8BFE0AFCD0" box="[295,394,827,849]" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="44.[164,243,1659,1678]" captionTargetBox="[164,1445,193,1629]" captionTargetId="figure-0@44.[164,1445,193,1629]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="Figure 21. Scanning electron micrographs of gold-palladium coated epoxy casts of teeth and jaw of Prolouisina atavella (Russell, 1964) comb. nov., Palaeocene, Walbeck, Germany. A, RP4 (reversed) (MLU.Wa/418). B, composite LP4–M2, RM3 (reversed) (MLU.Wa/412). C, left dentary with P4–M3 (MLU.Wa103.2011). D, RP3 (reversed) (MLU.Wa/419). E, composite RP4–M3 (reversed) (MLU.Wa/415). Views are: buccal (A1, B1, D2, E2), occlusal (A2, B2, D1, E1), and lingual (D3, E3). Scale bar = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5407270" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5407270/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="901">Fig. 21A</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation id="134C2A01FFBF6560FE7BFC8BFE4BFCD1" box="[394,459,827,849]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="4.[164,243,1510,1529]" captionTargetBox="[323,1283,194,1480]" captionTargetId="figure-112@4.[323,1283,194,1480]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 2. Scanning electron micrographs of gold-palladium coated epoxy casts of teeth and jaw of Walbeckodon krumbiegeli gen. et sp. nov., Palaeocene, Walbeck, Germany. A, paratype LP3 (MLU.Wa/363). B, paratype composite dentition, LP4, LM1, LM2, LM3 (MLU.Wa/386). C, holotype left dentary with P –M (MLU.Wa104.2011). Views are: buccal 4 3 (A1, B1, C2), occlusal (A2, B2, C1), and lingual (C3). Scale bar = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5407244" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5407244/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="901">2, B2</figureCitation>
|
||
). The paracone is larger than the metacone (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134C2A01FFBF6560FE8AFCE9FE62FCEE" box="[379,482,857,879]" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="44.[164,243,1659,1678]" captionTargetBox="[164,1445,193,1629]" captionTargetId="figure-0@44.[164,1445,193,1629]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="Figure 21. Scanning electron micrographs of gold-palladium coated epoxy casts of teeth and jaw of Prolouisina atavella (Russell, 1964) comb. nov., Palaeocene, Walbeck, Germany. A, RP4 (reversed) (MLU.Wa/418). B, composite LP4–M2, RM3 (reversed) (MLU.Wa/412). C, left dentary with P4–M3 (MLU.Wa103.2011). D, RP3 (reversed) (MLU.Wa/419). E, composite RP4–M3 (reversed) (MLU.Wa/415). Views are: buccal (A1, B1, D2, E2), occlusal (A2, B2, D1, E1), and lingual (D3, E3). Scale bar = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5407270" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5407270/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="901">Fig. 21A</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation id="134C2A01FFBF6560FE10FCE9FD9AFCEF" box="[481,538,857,879]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="1.[144,223,1185,1204]" captionTargetBox="[312,1251,203,1150]" captionTargetId="figure-102@1.[303,1263,195,1156]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figure 1. Dental terminology. A, B, upper molar; C, D, lower molar, all shown as from left side in occlusal view. Mesial is to left; distal is to right; buccal in uppers is above and in lowers below; lingual in uppers is below and in lowers above. A, C, primitive morphotype; B, D, derived morphotype. Some cusps and crests shown in A and C are assumed for B and D, respectively. Some taxa combine some features of the different morphotypes. Abbreviations: co, cristid obliqua; dclm, distal cingulum; ecf, ectoflexus; ecfd, ectoflexid; eclm, ectocingulum; ectsd, ectostylid; entd, entoconid; entf, entoflexus; entld, entoconulid; ents, entostyle; hyd, hypoconid; hyfd, hypoflexid; hyld, hypoconulid; hyp, hypocone; hyphd, hypolophid; mbstd, mesiobuccal stylid; mclm, mesial cingulum; mes, mesostyle; mesd, mesoconid; mestd, mesostylid; met, metacone; metclm, metacingulum; metd, metaconid; metle, metaconule; metph, metaloph; mets, metastyle; pacd, paracristid; paclm, paracingulum; pad, paraconid; par, paracone; parle, paraconule; pas, parastyle; pocld, postcingulid; poclm, postcingulum; pof, postflexus; poentcd, postentocristid; pohycd, posthypocristid; pomec, postmetacrista; pometcd, postmetacristid; pometlc, postmetaconule crista; popac, postparacrista; poparlc, postparaconule crista; poprc, postprotocrista; precld, precingulid; preclm, precingulum; preentcd, pre-entocristid; pref, preflexus; premec, premetacrista; premetcd, premetacristid; premetlc, premetaconule crista; prepac, preparacrista; preparlc, preparaconule crista; preprc, preprotocrista; procd, protocristid; prot, protocone; protd, protoconid; prs, protostyle; prtph, protoloph; prtphd, protolophid; tb, trigon basin; tgb, trigonid basin; tlb, talonid basin. Tooth abbreviations in text: I, incisor; C, canine; P, premolar; M, molar; DP, deciduous premolar." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5407242" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5407242/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="901">1, B1</figureCitation>
|
||
). There is a trigon basin but without intermediate conules and the postprotocrista ends at the foot of the metacone. There is a distal cingulum with a small hypocone at its lingual end. In four of the
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D71FD0DFFBF6560FE9AFC64FD94FC6A" box="[363,532,980,1002]" pageId="45" pageNumber="901" type="generic">five specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
, there is no contact between the postprotocrista and the hypocone and, like
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D07FFBF6560FF32FBA2FEA7FBA7" authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1964" box="[195,295,1042,1063]" class="Mammalia" family="Louisinidae" genus="Louisina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macroscelidea" pageId="45" pageNumber="901" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA96FFBF6560FF32FBA2FEA7FBA7" box="[195,295,1042,1063]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="901">Louisina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, there is no preparacrista. The remaining specimen has a crest linking the postprotocrista to the hypocone, as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D07FFBF6560FE82FBFFFE54FBE4" authorityName="Hooker & Russell" authorityYear="2012" box="[371,468,1103,1124]" class="Mammalia" family="Louisinidae" genus="Louisina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macroscelidea" pageId="45" pageNumber="901" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marci">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA96FFBF6560FE82FBFFFE54FBE4" box="[371,468,1103,1124]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="901">L. marci</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA96FFBF6560FDFFFBFFFD3DFBE3" box="[526,701,1102,1124]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="901">
|
||
Te.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D07FFBF6560FDC7FBFEFD3DFBE3" authorityName="Hooker & Russell" authorityYear="2012" box="[566,701,1102,1123]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyopsodontidae" genus="Teilhardimys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Condylarthra" pageId="45" pageNumber="901" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brisswalteri">brisswalteri</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, and a preparacrista as in the latter (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134C2A01FFBF6560FDFEFBDDFDF3FB03" box="[527,627,1133,1155]" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="44.[164,243,1659,1678]" captionTargetBox="[164,1445,193,1629]" captionTargetId="figure-0@44.[164,1445,193,1629]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="Figure 21. Scanning electron micrographs of gold-palladium coated epoxy casts of teeth and jaw of Prolouisina atavella (Russell, 1964) comb. nov., Palaeocene, Walbeck, Germany. A, RP4 (reversed) (MLU.Wa/418). B, composite LP4–M2, RM3 (reversed) (MLU.Wa/412). C, left dentary with P4–M3 (MLU.Wa103.2011). D, RP3 (reversed) (MLU.Wa/419). E, composite RP4–M3 (reversed) (MLU.Wa/415). Views are: buccal (A1, B1, D2, E2), occlusal (A2, B2, D1, E1), and lingual (D3, E3). Scale bar = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5407270" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5407270/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="901">Fig. 21A</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation id="134C2A01FFBF6560FD82FBDDFD01FB03" box="[627,641,1133,1155]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="4.[164,243,1510,1529]" captionTargetBox="[323,1283,194,1480]" captionTargetId="figure-112@4.[323,1283,194,1480]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 2. Scanning electron micrographs of gold-palladium coated epoxy casts of teeth and jaw of Walbeckodon krumbiegeli gen. et sp. nov., Palaeocene, Walbeck, Germany. A, paratype LP3 (MLU.Wa/363). B, paratype composite dentition, LP4, LM1, LM2, LM3 (MLU.Wa/386). C, holotype left dentary with P –M (MLU.Wa104.2011). Views are: buccal 4 3 (A1, B1, C2), occlusal (A2, B2, C1), and lingual (C3). Scale bar = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5407244" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5407244/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="901">2</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC83684FFBF6560FF61FB1EFDDCFADC" blockId="45.[144,759,1195,1372]" pageId="45" pageNumber="901">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA96FFBF6560FF61FB1EFF45FB43" box="[144,197,1195,1219]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="901">
|
||
M
|
||
<superScript id="7C029BCCFFBF6560FF56FB1BFF3FFB37" attach="left" box="[167,191,1195,1207]" fontSize="5" pageId="45" pageNumber="901">1–2</superScript>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
These teeth are very similar in structure to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D07FFBF6560FF05FB7DFED6FB62" authorityName="Hooker & Russell" authorityYear="2012" box="[244,342,1229,1250]" class="Mammalia" family="Louisinidae" genus="Louisina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macroscelidea" pageId="45" pageNumber="901" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marci">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA96FFBF6560FF05FB7DFED6FB62" box="[244,342,1229,1250]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="901">L. marci</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA96FFBF6560FE65FB7DFDC5FB61" box="[404,581,1228,1250]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="901">
|
||
Te.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D07FFBF6560FE4FFB7CFDC5FB61" authorityName="Hooker & Russell" authorityYear="2012" box="[446,581,1228,1249]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyopsodontidae" genus="Teilhardimys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Condylarthra" pageId="45" pageNumber="901" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brisswalteri">brisswalteri</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(q.v.), but they are less exodaenodont and the parastyle is lower; there is a protostyle at the lingual end of the mesial cingulum of M
|
||
<superScript id="7C029BCCFFBF6560FEC8FA96FEC1FAB2" attach="left" box="[313,321,1318,1330]" fontSize="5" pageId="45" pageNumber="901">1</superScript>
|
||
, but not of M
|
||
<superScript id="7C029BCCFFBF6560FE17FA96FE6EFAB2" attach="left" box="[486,494,1318,1330]" fontSize="5" pageId="45" pageNumber="901">2</superScript>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="134C2A01FFBF6560FDF1FA98FDE3FABE" box="[512,611,1320,1342]" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="44.[164,243,1659,1678]" captionTargetBox="[164,1445,193,1629]" captionTargetId="figure-0@44.[164,1445,193,1629]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="Figure 21. Scanning electron micrographs of gold-palladium coated epoxy casts of teeth and jaw of Prolouisina atavella (Russell, 1964) comb. nov., Palaeocene, Walbeck, Germany. A, RP4 (reversed) (MLU.Wa/418). B, composite LP4–M2, RM3 (reversed) (MLU.Wa/412). C, left dentary with P4–M3 (MLU.Wa103.2011). D, RP3 (reversed) (MLU.Wa/419). E, composite RP4–M3 (reversed) (MLU.Wa/415). Views are: buccal (A1, B1, D2, E2), occlusal (A2, B2, D1, E1), and lingual (D3, E3). Scale bar = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5407270" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5407270/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="901">Fig. 21B</figureCitation>
|
||
). There may be a large metastyle on M
|
||
<superScript id="7C029BCCFFBF6560FE34FAF4FE4DFAD0" attach="left" box="[453,461,1348,1360]" fontSize="5" pageId="45" pageNumber="901">1</superScript>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="134C2A01FFBF6560FE2EFAF6FDC1FADC" box="[479,577,1350,1372]" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="44.[164,243,1659,1678]" captionTargetBox="[164,1445,193,1629]" captionTargetId="figure-0@44.[164,1445,193,1629]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="Figure 21. Scanning electron micrographs of gold-palladium coated epoxy casts of teeth and jaw of Prolouisina atavella (Russell, 1964) comb. nov., Palaeocene, Walbeck, Germany. A, RP4 (reversed) (MLU.Wa/418). B, composite LP4–M2, RM3 (reversed) (MLU.Wa/412). C, left dentary with P4–M3 (MLU.Wa103.2011). D, RP3 (reversed) (MLU.Wa/419). E, composite RP4–M3 (reversed) (MLU.Wa/415). Views are: buccal (A1, B1, D2, E2), occlusal (A2, B2, D1, E1), and lingual (D3, E3). Scale bar = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5407270" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5407270/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="901">Fig. 21B</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation id="134C2A01FFBF6560FDB0FAF6FDD0FADC" box="[577,592,1350,1372]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="4.[164,243,1510,1529]" captionTargetBox="[323,1283,194,1480]" captionTargetId="figure-112@4.[323,1283,194,1480]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 2. Scanning electron micrographs of gold-palladium coated epoxy casts of teeth and jaw of Walbeckodon krumbiegeli gen. et sp. nov., Palaeocene, Walbeck, Germany. A, paratype LP3 (MLU.Wa/363). B, paratype composite dentition, LP4, LM1, LM2, LM3 (MLU.Wa/386). C, holotype left dentary with P –M (MLU.Wa104.2011). Views are: buccal 4 3 (A1, B1, C2), occlusal (A2, B2, C1), and lingual (C3). Scale bar = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5407244" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5407244/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="901">2</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC83684FFBF6560FF61FA38FD77FA3C" blockId="45.[144,759,1413,1468]" pageId="45" pageNumber="901">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA96FFBF6560FF61FA38FF36FA1D" box="[144,182,1413,1437]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="901">
|
||
M
|
||
<superScript id="7C029BCCFFBF6560FF56FA35FF2FFA11" attach="left" box="[167,175,1413,1425]" fontSize="5" pageId="45" pageNumber="901">3</superScript>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
This tooth is also very similar to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D07FFBF6560FD67FA38FD76FA1D" authorityName="Hooker & Russell" authorityYear="2012" box="[662,758,1416,1437]" class="Mammalia" family="Louisinidae" genus="Louisina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macroscelidea" pageId="45" pageNumber="901" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marci">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA96FFBF6560FD67FA38FD76FA1D" box="[662,758,1416,1437]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="901">L. marci</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA96FFBF6560FF32FA16FEF2FA3B" box="[195,370,1446,1467]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="901">
|
||
Te.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D07FFBF6560FF1AFA16FEF2FA3B" authorityName="Hooker & Russell" authorityYear="2012" box="[235,370,1446,1467]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyopsodontidae" genus="Teilhardimys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Condylarthra" pageId="45" pageNumber="901" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brisswalteri">brisswalteri</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, but relatively shorter (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134C2A01FFBF6560FD76FA16FD6AFA3C" box="[647,746,1446,1468]" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="44.[164,243,1659,1678]" captionTargetBox="[164,1445,193,1629]" captionTargetId="figure-0@44.[164,1445,193,1629]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="Figure 21. Scanning electron micrographs of gold-palladium coated epoxy casts of teeth and jaw of Prolouisina atavella (Russell, 1964) comb. nov., Palaeocene, Walbeck, Germany. A, RP4 (reversed) (MLU.Wa/418). B, composite LP4–M2, RM3 (reversed) (MLU.Wa/412). C, left dentary with P4–M3 (MLU.Wa103.2011). D, RP3 (reversed) (MLU.Wa/419). E, composite RP4–M3 (reversed) (MLU.Wa/415). Views are: buccal (A1, B1, D2, E2), occlusal (A2, B2, D1, E1), and lingual (D3, E3). Scale bar = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5407270" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5407270/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="901">Fig. 21B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC83684FFBF6560FF61FA57FE88F915" blockId="45.[144,759,1510,1685]" pageId="45" pageNumber="901">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA96FFBF6560FF61FA57FF2FFA7C" box="[144,175,1511,1532]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="901">
|
||
P
|
||
<subScript id="17F334C1FFBF6560FF51FA40FF28FA7C" attach="left" box="[160,168,1520,1532]" fontSize="5" pageId="45" pageNumber="901">3</subScript>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The single specimen is simple with a short distal crest from the protoconid representing the metaconid and a single cusped transversely elongate, scarcely basined talonid (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134C2A01FFBF6560FEABF9F2FE40F9D8" box="[346,448,1602,1624]" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="44.[164,243,1659,1678]" captionTargetBox="[164,1445,193,1629]" captionTargetId="figure-0@44.[164,1445,193,1629]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="Figure 21. Scanning electron micrographs of gold-palladium coated epoxy casts of teeth and jaw of Prolouisina atavella (Russell, 1964) comb. nov., Palaeocene, Walbeck, Germany. A, RP4 (reversed) (MLU.Wa/418). B, composite LP4–M2, RM3 (reversed) (MLU.Wa/412). C, left dentary with P4–M3 (MLU.Wa103.2011). D, RP3 (reversed) (MLU.Wa/419). E, composite RP4–M3 (reversed) (MLU.Wa/415). Views are: buccal (A1, B1, D2, E2), occlusal (A2, B2, D1, E1), and lingual (D3, E3). Scale bar = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5407270" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5407270/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="901">Fig. 21D</figureCitation>
|
||
). It is similar to most
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D07FFBF6560FD2EF9F3FF52F9F6" authorityName="Hooker & Russell" authorityYear="2012" class="Mammalia" family="Louisinidae" genus="Louisina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macroscelidea" pageId="45" pageNumber="901" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marci">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA96FFBF6560FD2EF9F3FF52F9F6" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="901">L. marci</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but less exodaenodont and with a lower paraconid.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC83684FFBF6560FF61F970FDCFF8EF" blockId="45.[144,759,1728,1903]" pageId="45" pageNumber="901">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA96FFBF6560FF61F970FF2FF955" box="[144,175,1728,1750]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="901">
|
||
P
|
||
<subScript id="17F334C1FFBF6560FF51F97AFF28F956" attach="left" box="[160,168,1738,1750]" fontSize="5" pageId="45" pageNumber="901">4</subScript>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The pattern of similarity to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D07FFBF6560FDF9F970FDEBF955" authorityName="Hooker & Russell" authorityYear="2012" box="[520,619,1728,1749]" class="Mammalia" family="Louisinidae" genus="Louisina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macroscelidea" pageId="45" pageNumber="901" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marci">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA96FFBF6560FDF9F970FDEBF955" box="[520,619,1728,1749]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="901">L. marci</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is repeated here but less exodaenodont and with a distinct but tiny paraconid, which is lower on the crown (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134C2A01FFBF6560FD7EF94DFF24F8B1" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="44.[164,243,1659,1678]" captionTargetBox="[164,1445,193,1629]" captionTargetId="figure-0@44.[164,1445,193,1629]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="Figure 21. Scanning electron micrographs of gold-palladium coated epoxy casts of teeth and jaw of Prolouisina atavella (Russell, 1964) comb. nov., Palaeocene, Walbeck, Germany. A, RP4 (reversed) (MLU.Wa/418). B, composite LP4–M2, RM3 (reversed) (MLU.Wa/412). C, left dentary with P4–M3 (MLU.Wa103.2011). D, RP3 (reversed) (MLU.Wa/419). E, composite RP4–M3 (reversed) (MLU.Wa/415). Views are: buccal (A1, B1, D2, E2), occlusal (A2, B2, D1, E1), and lingual (D3, E3). Scale bar = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5407270" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5407270/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="901">Fig. 21C, E</figureCitation>
|
||
). The metaconid is consistently present and smaller than the protoconid. The talonid bears a hypoconid and is basined and variable in length.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC83684FFBF6560FCD7FF77FB89FD08" blockId="45.[806,1421,198,648]" pageId="45" pageNumber="901">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA96FFBF6560FCD7FF77FC4CFF5B" box="[806,972,198,220]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="901">Lower molars:</emphasis>
|
||
These teeth are very similar in morphology to those of
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA96FFBF6560FBF5FF55FB34FF79" box="[1028,1204,228,250]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="901">
|
||
Te.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D07FFBF6560FBDCFF54FB34FF79" authorityName="Hooker & Russell" authorityYear="2012" box="[1069,1204,228,249]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyopsodontidae" genus="Teilhardimys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Condylarthra" pageId="45" pageNumber="901" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brisswalteri">brisswalteri</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D07FFBF6560FB1FFF55FACFFF7A" authorityName="Hooker & Russell" authorityYear="2012" box="[1262,1359,229,250]" class="Mammalia" family="Louisinidae" genus="Louisina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macroscelidea" pageId="45" pageNumber="901" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marci">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA96FFBF6560FB1FFF55FACFFF7A" box="[1262,1359,229,250]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="901">L. marci</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(q.v.) and in size to the former. They appear slightly less exodaenodont, but the difference is subtle. The main difference from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D07FFBF6560FC12FEF1FBC7FED6" authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1964" box="[995,1095,321,342]" class="Mammalia" family="Louisinidae" genus="Louisina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macroscelidea" pageId="45" pageNumber="901" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA96FFBF6560FC12FEF1FBC7FED6" box="[995,1095,321,342]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="901">Louisina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the small but distinctly cuspate paraconid, which is most obvious on the nearly unworn composite dentition
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED66AE41FFBF6560FB06FECDFAB4FE13" box="[1271,1332,381,403]" pageId="45" pageNumber="901">MLU</collectionCode>
|
||
.Wa/415 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134C2A01FFBF6560FCDFFE2CFC11FE32" box="[814,913,412,434]" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="44.[164,243,1659,1678]" captionTargetBox="[164,1445,193,1629]" captionTargetId="figure-0@44.[164,1445,193,1629]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="Figure 21. Scanning electron micrographs of gold-palladium coated epoxy casts of teeth and jaw of Prolouisina atavella (Russell, 1964) comb. nov., Palaeocene, Walbeck, Germany. A, RP4 (reversed) (MLU.Wa/418). B, composite LP4–M2, RM3 (reversed) (MLU.Wa/412). C, left dentary with P4–M3 (MLU.Wa103.2011). D, RP3 (reversed) (MLU.Wa/419). E, composite RP4–M3 (reversed) (MLU.Wa/415). Views are: buccal (A1, B1, D2, E2), occlusal (A2, B2, D1, E1), and lingual (D3, E3). Scale bar = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5407270" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5407270/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="901">Fig. 21E</figureCitation>
|
||
). The paraconid is indistinct in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D07FFBF6560FAD3FE2DFA06FE32" authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1964" box="[1314,1414,413,434]" class="Mammalia" family="Louisinidae" genus="Louisina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macroscelidea" pageId="45" pageNumber="901" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA96FFBF6560FAD3FE2DFA06FE32" box="[1314,1414,413,434]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="901">Louisina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. There is also a slightly stronger precingulid (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134C2A01FFBF6560FAD7FE0BFCBCFE6E" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="44.[164,243,1659,1678]" captionTargetBox="[164,1445,193,1629]" captionTargetId="figure-0@44.[164,1445,193,1629]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="Figure 21. Scanning electron micrographs of gold-palladium coated epoxy casts of teeth and jaw of Prolouisina atavella (Russell, 1964) comb. nov., Palaeocene, Walbeck, Germany. A, RP4 (reversed) (MLU.Wa/418). B, composite LP4–M2, RM3 (reversed) (MLU.Wa/412). C, left dentary with P4–M3 (MLU.Wa103.2011). D, RP3 (reversed) (MLU.Wa/419). E, composite RP4–M3 (reversed) (MLU.Wa/415). Views are: buccal (A1, B1, D2, E2), occlusal (A2, B2, D1, E1), and lingual (D3, E3). Scale bar = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5407270" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5407270/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="901">Fig. 21C, E</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation id="134C2A01FFBF6560FCCDFE69FCC7FE6E" box="[828,839,473,494]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="1.[144,223,1185,1204]" captionTargetBox="[312,1251,203,1150]" captionTargetId="figure-102@1.[303,1263,195,1156]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figure 1. Dental terminology. A, B, upper molar; C, D, lower molar, all shown as from left side in occlusal view. Mesial is to left; distal is to right; buccal in uppers is above and in lowers below; lingual in uppers is below and in lowers above. A, C, primitive morphotype; B, D, derived morphotype. Some cusps and crests shown in A and C are assumed for B and D, respectively. Some taxa combine some features of the different morphotypes. Abbreviations: co, cristid obliqua; dclm, distal cingulum; ecf, ectoflexus; ecfd, ectoflexid; eclm, ectocingulum; ectsd, ectostylid; entd, entoconid; entf, entoflexus; entld, entoconulid; ents, entostyle; hyd, hypoconid; hyfd, hypoflexid; hyld, hypoconulid; hyp, hypocone; hyphd, hypolophid; mbstd, mesiobuccal stylid; mclm, mesial cingulum; mes, mesostyle; mesd, mesoconid; mestd, mesostylid; met, metacone; metclm, metacingulum; metd, metaconid; metle, metaconule; metph, metaloph; mets, metastyle; pacd, paracristid; paclm, paracingulum; pad, paraconid; par, paracone; parle, paraconule; pas, parastyle; pocld, postcingulid; poclm, postcingulum; pof, postflexus; poentcd, postentocristid; pohycd, posthypocristid; pomec, postmetacrista; pometcd, postmetacristid; pometlc, postmetaconule crista; popac, postparacrista; poparlc, postparaconule crista; poprc, postprotocrista; precld, precingulid; preclm, precingulum; preentcd, pre-entocristid; pref, preflexus; premec, premetacrista; premetcd, premetacristid; premetlc, premetaconule crista; prepac, preparacrista; preparlc, preparaconule crista; preprc, preprotocrista; procd, protocristid; prot, protocone; protd, protoconid; prs, protostyle; prtph, protoloph; prtphd, protolophid; tb, trigon basin; tgb, trigonid basin; tlb, talonid basin. Tooth abbreviations in text: I, incisor; C, canine; P, premolar; M, molar; DP, deciduous premolar." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5407242" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5407242/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="901">1</figureCitation>
|
||
, E
|
||
<figureCitation id="134C2A01FFBF6560FC9CFE69FCFCFE6F" box="[877,892,473,495]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="4.[164,243,1510,1529]" captionTargetBox="[323,1283,194,1480]" captionTargetId="figure-112@4.[323,1283,194,1480]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 2. Scanning electron micrographs of gold-palladium coated epoxy casts of teeth and jaw of Walbeckodon krumbiegeli gen. et sp. nov., Palaeocene, Walbeck, Germany. A, paratype LP3 (MLU.Wa/363). B, paratype composite dentition, LP4, LM1, LM2, LM3 (MLU.Wa/386). C, holotype left dentary with P –M (MLU.Wa104.2011). Views are: buccal 4 3 (A1, B1, C2), occlusal (A2, B2, C1), and lingual (C3). Scale bar = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5407244" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5407244/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="901">2</figureCitation>
|
||
), which is almost missing in the other two genera. There is variation for relative width of the M
|
||
<subScript id="17F334C1FFBF6560FCCCFD90FCD6FDAC" attach="left" box="[829,854,544,556]" fontSize="5" pageId="45" pageNumber="901">2–3</subScript>
|
||
trigonid, which is nevertheless always wider than the talonid. Although difficult to judge on the worn teeth, an entoconulid appears to be missing from all specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC83684FFBF6560FCD7FD7AFA94FCDA" blockId="45.[806,1421,714,858]" pageId="45" pageNumber="901">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA96FFBF6560FCD7FD7AFC08FD5F" box="[806,904,714,735]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="901">Dentary:</emphasis>
|
||
On two observed dentaries (including the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CC8826FFBF6560FCD7FD58FC0AFD7E" box="[806,906,744,766]" pageId="45" pageNumber="901" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
), the posterior mental foramen is below the M
|
||
<subScript id="17F334C1FFBF6560FCCCFCA1FCC5FC9D" attach="left" box="[829,837,785,797]" fontSize="5" pageId="45" pageNumber="901">1</subScript>
|
||
trigonid (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B75FFBF6560FC49FCB7FBD4FC9D" author="Russell DE" box="[952,1108,775,797]" pageId="45" pageNumber="901" pagination="1 - 324" refId="ref53728" refString="Russell DE. 1964. Les Mammiferes paleocenes d'Europe. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (NS) (C) 13: 1 - 324, 16 pls." type="journal article" year="1964">Russell, 1964</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. 15, fig. 6). The horizontal ramus deepens posteriorly like
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D07FFBF6560FB3AFC96FAD6FCBB" authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1964" box="[1227,1366,806,827]" class="Mammalia" family="Louisinidae" genus="Louisina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macroscelidea" pageId="45" pageNumber="901" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mirabilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA96FFBF6560FB3AFC96FAD6FCBB" box="[1227,1366,806,827]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="901">L. mirabilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA96FFBF6560FCD7FCF5FC01FCDA" box="[806,897,837,858]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="901">
|
||
Te.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D07FFBF6560FCA1FCF5FC01FCDA" authorityName="Hooker & Russell" authorityYear="2012" baseAuthorityName="Antunes, Estravis & Russell" baseAuthorityYear="1987" box="[848,897,837,858]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyopsodontidae" genus="Teilhardimys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Condylarthra" pageId="45" pageNumber="901" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="reisi">reisi</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, the deepest part being below M
|
||
<subScript id="17F334C1FFBF6560FAF4FCFEFA8DFCDA" attach="left" box="[1285,1293,846,858]" fontSize="5" pageId="45" pageNumber="901">3</subScript>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC83684FFBF6560FCD7FC2CFC20FC31" blockId="45.[806,1422,924,1099]" box="[806,928,924,945]" pageId="45" pageNumber="901">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA96FFBF6560FCD7FC2CFC20FC31" box="[806,928,924,945]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="901">Discussion</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC83684FFBF6560FCD7FC0AFA09FBCB" blockId="45.[806,1422,924,1099]" pageId="45" pageNumber="901">
|
||
As with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D07FFBF6560FC7EFC0BFBBEFC4F" authorityName="Hooker & Russell" authorityYear="2012" box="[911,1086,954,976]" class="Mammalia" family="Louisinidae" genus="Walbeckodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macroscelidea" pageId="45" pageNumber="901" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="krumbiegeli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA96FFBF6560FC7EFC0BFBBEFC4F" box="[911,1086,954,976]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="901">W. krumbiegeli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, coefficients of variation for some molar size dimensions are rather high for a single species (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6F5033FFFBF6560FC28FC47FBAEFB8E" box="[985,1070,1015,1038]" captionStart="Table 8" captionStartId="46.[164,228,198,217]" captionText="Table 8. Statistics of length (L) and width (W) measurements in millimetres of Prolouisina atavella (Russell, 1964), Walbeck. Widths of trigonids (W1) and talonids (W2) of lower molariforms are given separately" pageId="45" pageNumber="901">Table 8</tableCitation>
|
||
). It is possible that as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D07FFBF6560FA80FC48FC2DFBAB" authorityName="Hooker & Russell" authorityYear="2012" class="Mammalia" family="Louisinidae" genus="Walbeckodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macroscelidea" pageId="45" pageNumber="901" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="krumbiegeli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA96FFBF6560FA80FC48FC2DFBAB" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="901">W. krumbiegeli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, this represents time averaging of populations represented by the reworked Walbeck fauna.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |