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<document id="24EFC3348FEB447D5DEFEC53F601C456" ID-DOI="10.1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00787.x" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5407240" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630347082768" checkinUser="marcus" docAuthor="Hooker, Jerry J. &amp; Russell, Donald E." docDate="2012" docId="03DE8792FFA76575FED8F9F8FBE8FD8E" docLanguage="en" docName="j.1096-3642.2011.00787.x.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 164 (4)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00787.x" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FBF0BF18BB2B256F1F8008F27D80BF37.3:ZoolJLinnSoc.2010-2016.journal_article" docStyleId="FBF0BF18BB2B256F1F8008F27D80BF37" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2010-2016.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Louisina marci Hooker &amp; Russell 2012, SP. NOV." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="912" masterDocId="FFE7FFEAFF92654DFFF1FFB0FF80FF80" masterDocTitle="Early Palaeogene Louisinidae (Macroscelidea, Mammalia), their relationships and north European diversity" masterLastPageNumber="936" masterPageNumber="856" pageNumber="909" updateTime="1699238364316" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="7B2D843EF67E2C2E9FE7FB5CBBD58628" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:title id="579BAC8CCE3046E53CCFC01FC775FA74">Early Palaeogene Louisinidae (Macroscelidea, Mammalia), their relationships and north European diversity</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="721DB13F76F41A31AC380380DD885BEA">Hooker, Jerry J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="04E0B722B084345FFED4DE4D1337DDE1">Russell, Donald E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="952B6F0B32E12E8AA170315B544C1FB1">Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="26795ECB753BF1339BB7669AF432396E">2012</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="BBD0AE4D827D0117BAEE53C0617D5E62">2012-03-20</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="779AA413B40B640EE5A86536DAD2787F">164</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03DE8792FFA76575FED8F9F8FBE8FD8E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DE8792FFA76575FED8F9F8FBE8FD8E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DE8792FFA76575FED8F9F8FBE8FD8E" lastPageId="56" lastPageNumber="912" pageId="53" pageNumber="909">
<subSubSection id="C36D650FFFA76578FED8F9F8FDDDF9DD" box="[297,605,1608,1629]" pageId="53" pageNumber="909" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BC83684FFA76578FED8F9F8FDDDF9DD" blockId="53.[266,636,1608,1661]" box="[297,605,1608,1629]" pageId="53" pageNumber="909">
<heading id="D08081E8FFA76578FED8F9F8FDDDF9DD" box="[297,605,1608,1629]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="53" pageNumber="909" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C774D07FFA76578FED8F9F8FE6FF9DC" authority="Hooker &amp; Russell, 2012" authorityName="Hooker &amp; Russell" authorityYear="2012" box="[297,495,1608,1629]" class="Mammalia" family="Louisinidae" genus="Louisina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macroscelidea" pageId="53" pageNumber="935" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marci" status="sp. nov.">LOUISINA MARCI</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B903EA96FFA76578FE09F9FBFDDDF9DD" bold="true" box="[504,605,1608,1629]" pageId="53" pageNumber="909">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23057EDFFA76578FE09F9FBFDDDF9DD" box="[504,605,1608,1629]" pageId="53" pageNumber="909" rank="species">SP. NOV.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C36D650FFFA76575FEFBF9D7FBE8FD8E" lastPageId="56" lastPageNumber="912" pageId="53" pageNumber="909" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BC83684FFA76578FEFBF9D7FDFCF9FD" blockId="53.[266,636,1608,1661]" box="[266,636,1639,1661]" pageId="53" pageNumber="909">
(
<figureCitation id="134C2A01FFA76578FEE3F9D7FEECF9FC" box="[274,364,1639,1660]" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="48.[164,243,1523,1542]" captionTargetBox="[328,1274,204,1486]" captionTargetId="figure-130@48.[323,1283,196,1493]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="Figure 23. Scatter diagrams of Ln length vs. Ln width in millimetres of molars of Louisina spp. and Teilhardimys brisswalteri sp. nov. For explanation of symbols see Figure 8. A, M1; B, M2; C, M; D, M." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5407274" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5407274/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="909">FIGS 23</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134C2A01FFA76578FE8DF9D7FE1BF9FC" box="[380,411,1639,1660]" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="49.[144,223,935,954]" captionTargetBox="[406,1163,203,900]" captionTargetId="figure-417@49.[399,1167,197,905]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="Figure 24. Histograms of Ln length ¥ width in millimetres (A) and the distance between M1 paracone and protocone and between M1 hypoconid and entoconid, each as a percentage of tooth width (B), of Louisina spp. and Teilhardimys brisswalteri sp. nov. Lined boxes in A indicate Louisina mirabilis. Arrowed names indicate holotypes of species. See text for further explanation." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5407276" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5407276/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="909">24</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134C2A01FFA76578FE58F9D7FE7CF9FD" box="[425,508,1639,1661]" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="51.[144,223,198,217]" captionText="Figure 25. Scanning electron micrographs of gold-palladium coated epoxy casts of teeth of Louisina marci sp. nov. (A–K) and Louisina mirabilis Russell, 1964 (L), late Thanetian, France. A, RP4 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-77-MD). B, LM1, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-4325). C, RM2 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-951). D, RM3 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-1143). E, RP3 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-312-L). F, RP4 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-1117). G, holotype LM1, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-235). H, RM2 (reversed), Cernay MNHN.F.CRL-569). I, LM3, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR- 1704-Pn). J, RM1 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-240). K, LM2, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-247). L, RM1 (reversed), bed 5, Berru (MNHN.F.BR-3-L). Views are: buccal (A1, B1, C1, D1, E2, F2, G2, H2, I2), occlusal (A2, B2, C2, D2, E1, F1, G1, H1, I1, J, K), lingual (E3, F3, G3, H3, I3), and distal (B3, L). Scale bar = 2 mm." pageId="53" pageNumber="909">25A–K</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134C2A01FFA76578FDFBF9D7FDB6F9FD" box="[522,566,1639,1661]" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="55.[144,223,198,217]" captionText="Figure 26. Scanning electron micrographs of gold-palladium coated epoxy casts of teeth and jaws of Teilhardimys brisswalteri sp. nov. (A–I) and Louisina marci sp. nov. (J), late Thanetian, France. A, holotype LP4, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-4400). B, left maxilla with M1–3, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-265-Bn). C, LP4, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-11888). D, RP3 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-285-Bn). E, RP4 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-1264). F, LM1, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR- 234). G, left dentary with M2–3, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-3-Bw). H, right dentary with P4–M1 (reversed), bed 4, Berru (MNHN.F.BRL-198-P). I, RDP4 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-343-Ph). J, LDP4, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-4397). Views are: buccal (A1, B1, D2, E2, F2, G2, I1, J1), occlusal (A2, B2, C, D1, E1, F1, I2, J2), and lingual (D3, G3, H). Scale bar = 2 mm. ·" pageId="53" pageNumber="909">26J</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134C2A01FFA76578FDB4F9D7FDF4F9FD" box="[581,628,1639,1661]" captionStart="Figure 33" captionStartId="69.[144,223,1318,1337]" captionTargetBox="[310,1260,201,1282]" captionTargetId="figure-225@69.[303,1263,194,1288]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="Figure 33. Occlusal diagrams of P4, P, and (except Teilhardimys musculus) M trigonid of Prolouisina atavella (A), 4 1 Louisina marci (B), Louisina mirabilis (C), Teilhardimys brisswalteri (D), and Te. musculus (E). Facets are numbered following Butler (1952a, b). Uppers are shown as from left side, lowers from right side. Diagrams are partly schematic, drawn from the maximum number of informative specimens. C is based on MNHN.F.CR-248-Bn, MNHN.F.BRL-3-Pn, and MNHN.F.BR-143. E is based mainly on NHMUK.M29708 and M50379. Taxa not shown to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5407288" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5407288/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="909">33B</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC83684FFA76578FF61F93EFEBEF942" blockId="53.[144,758,1678,1792]" pageId="53" pageNumber="909">
<date id="FFC91044FFA76578FF61F93EFF61F923" box="[144,225,1678,1699]" pageId="53" pageNumber="909" value="1891-05">v. 1891</date>
<taxonomicName id="4C774D07FFA76578FF1EF93EFE4AF923" box="[239,458,1678,1699]" class="Mammalia" family="Phenacodontidae" genus="Orthaspidotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Condylarthra" pageId="53" pageNumber="909" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B903EA96FFA76578FF1EF93EFE4AF923" box="[239,458,1678,1699]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="909">Orthaspidotherium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
?; Lemoine, p. 285, pl. 11, figs 105–106.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC83684FFA76578FF61F97CFD93F97F" blockId="53.[144,758,1678,1792]" pageId="53" pageNumber="909">
vp 1964
<taxonomicName id="4C774D07FFA76578FF0AF97CFDB5F961" authority="Russell" authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1964" box="[251,565,1739,1761]" class="Mammalia" family="Louisinidae" genus="Louisina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macroscelidea" pageId="53" pageNumber="909" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mirabilis">
<emphasis id="B903EA96FFA76578FF0AF97CFE53F960" box="[251,467,1739,1761]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="909">Louisina mirabilis</emphasis>
Russell
</taxonomicName>
; Russell, pl. 15, figs 1c–d, 2b (right P
<subScript id="17F334C1FFA76578FE6DF944FE24F880" attach="left" box="[412,420,1780,1792]" fontSize="5" pageId="53" pageNumber="909">4</subScript>
, left M
<subScript id="17F334C1FFA76578FE0DF944FD84F880" attach="right" box="[508,516,1780,1792]" fontSize="5" pageId="53" pageNumber="909">1</subScript>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC83684FFA76578FF61F88AFDE9F8EF" blockId="53.[144,759,1850,1903]" pageId="53" pageNumber="909">
<emphasis id="B903EA96FFA76578FF61F88AFE8DF8CF" box="[144,269,1850,1871]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="909">Etymology:</emphasis>
After Monsieur Marc Duchamplecheval for finding key specimens of the species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC83684FFA76578FCD7FF76FAAFFF5B" blockId="53.[806,1327,198,220]" box="[806,1327,198,220]" pageId="53" pageNumber="909">
<materialsCitation id="3B1F3CD9FFA76578FCD7FF76FAAFFF5B" box="[806,1327,198,220]" collectionCode="MNHN" collectorName="Left M" pageId="53" pageNumber="909" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B903EA96FFA76578FCD7FF76FC10FF5B" box="[806,912,198,219]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="909">
<typeStatus id="54CC8826FFA76578FCD7FF76FC0AFF5B" box="[806,906,198,219]" pageId="53" pageNumber="909" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
<collectorName id="26825352FFA76578FC6BFF76FC6AFF5B" box="[922,1002,198,220]" pageId="53" pageNumber="909">Left M</collectorName>
<subScript id="17F334C1FFA76578FC1BFF60FC72FF5C" attach="left" box="[1002,1010,208,220]" fontSize="5" pageId="53" pageNumber="909">1</subScript>
,
<collectionCode id="ED66AE41FFA76578FBF2FF76FBDCFF5C" box="[1027,1116,198,220]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="53" pageNumber="909">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.CR-235, Cernay.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC83684FFA76578FCD7FF4AFBCEFC96" blockId="53.[806,1422,247,1097]" pageId="53" pageNumber="909">
<materialsCitation id="3B1F3CD9FFA76578FCD7FF4AFBCBFC96" collectionCode="MNHN, MD, UCMP, SLP, FSL" pageId="53" pageNumber="909" specimenCode="RM1, RM2, RM3, LDP4, LP4" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="B903EA96FFA76578FCD7FF4AFC1EFE8F" box="[806,926,250,271]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="909">
<typeStatus id="54CC8826FFA76578FCD7FF4AFC17FE8F" box="[806,919,250,271]" pageId="53" pageNumber="909" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
RP
<superScript id="7C029BCCFFA76578FC26FF47FC5FFE83" attach="left" box="[983,991,247,259]" fontSize="5" pageId="53" pageNumber="909">4</superScript>
,
<collectionCode id="ED66AE41FFA76578FC0FFF49FBD6FE8E" box="[1022,1110,249,270]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="53" pageNumber="909">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.CR-77-
<collectionCode id="ED66AE41FFA76578FB4DFF49FB69FE8E" box="[1212,1257,249,270]" country="Germany" name="Museum Donaueschingen" pageId="53" pageNumber="909">MD</collectionCode>
; four LM
<superScript id="7C029BCCFFA76578FA82FF47FAFBFE83" attach="both" box="[1395,1403,247,259]" fontSize="5" pageId="53" pageNumber="909">1</superScript>
s,
<collectionCode id="ED66AE41FFA76578FCD7FEA7FCFEFEAD" box="[806,894,279,301]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="53" pageNumber="909">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.CR-4325, CR-11907, CR-571-Ph,
<collectionCode id="ED66AE41FFA76578FACDFEA8FA0AFEAD" box="[1340,1418,280,301]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2fxn-eays" name="University of California Museum of Paleontology" pageId="53" pageNumber="909" type="University or college">UCMP</collectionCode>
. 62021(CR-4321); three
<specimenCode id="DBD19EFFFFA76578FBAEFE87FB10FEC0" box="[1119,1168,308,332]" collectionCode="RM" country="Canada" name="McGill University, Redpath Museum" pageId="53" pageNumber="909" type="Museum">
RM
<superScript id="7C029BCCFFA76578FB79FE84FB10FEC0" attach="both" box="[1160,1168,308,320]" fontSize="5" pageId="53" pageNumber="909">1</superScript>
</specimenCode>
s,
<collectionCode id="ED66AE41FFA76578FB33FE86FA9AFECB" box="[1218,1306,310,331]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="53" pageNumber="909">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.CR-240, CR-54-Bn, CR-1140-Pn; five LM
<superScript id="7C029BCCFFA76578FB6CFEE3FB25FEDF" attach="both" box="[1181,1189,339,351]" fontSize="5" pageId="53" pageNumber="909">2</superScript>
s,
<collectionCode id="ED66AE41FFA76578FB33FEE5FA9AFEEA" box="[1218,1306,341,362]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="53" pageNumber="909">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.CR-247, CR-32-
<collectionCode id="ED66AE41FFA76578FC87FEC3FC23FE08" box="[886,931,371,392]" country="Germany" name="Museum Donaueschingen" pageId="53" pageNumber="909">MD</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED66AE41FFA76578FC4BFEC3FB8AFE09" box="[954,1034,371,393]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2fxn-eays" name="University of California Museum of Paleontology" pageId="53" pageNumber="909" type="University or college">UCMP</collectionCode>
.62015(CR-248), 62010(CR-1242),
<collectionCode id="ED66AE41FFA76578FCD7FE22FCD7FE28" box="[806,855,402,424]" pageId="53" pageNumber="909">SLP</collectionCode>
.CR-315; 5
<specimenCode id="DBD19EFFFFA76578FC02FE22FBA4FE1C" box="[1011,1060,400,423]" collectionCode="RM" country="Canada" name="McGill University, Redpath Museum" pageId="53" pageNumber="909" type="Museum">
RM
<superScript id="7C029BCCFFA76578FBEDFE20FBA4FE1C" attach="both" box="[1052,1060,400,412]" fontSize="5" pageId="53" pageNumber="909">2</superScript>
</specimenCode>
s,
<collectionCode id="ED66AE41FFA76578FBBEFE22FB27FE28" box="[1103,1191,402,424]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="53" pageNumber="909">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.CR-216, CR-625, CR-951, CR-15929,
<collectionCode id="ED66AE41FFA76578FBEBFE00FBEAFE46" box="[1050,1130,432,454]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2fxn-eays" name="University of California Museum of Paleontology" pageId="53" pageNumber="909" type="University or college">UCMP</collectionCode>
.62013(CR-244); 3 LM
<superScript id="7C029BCCFFA76578FA82FE1EFAFBFE3A" attach="both" box="[1395,1403,430,442]" fontSize="5" pageId="53" pageNumber="909">3</superScript>
s,
<collectionCode id="ED66AE41FFA76578FCD7FE7FFCFEFE65" box="[806,894,463,485]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="53" pageNumber="909">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.CR-4336, CR-323-L, CR-324-L; seven
<specimenCode id="DBD19EFFFFA76578FABBFE60FAFBFE59" box="[1354,1403,461,485]" collectionCode="RM" country="Canada" name="McGill University, Redpath Museum" pageId="53" pageNumber="909" type="Museum">
RM
<superScript id="7C029BCCFFA76578FA82FE7DFAFBFE59" attach="both" box="[1395,1403,461,473]" fontSize="5" pageId="53" pageNumber="909">3</superScript>
</specimenCode>
s,
<collectionCode id="ED66AE41FFA76578FCD7FE5EFCFFFD83" box="[806,895,494,515]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="53" pageNumber="909">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.CR-1143, CR-4323, CR-11904, CR-187-Ph, CR-572-Ph, CR-68-Bn, CR-322-L;
<specimenCode id="DBD19EFFFFA76578FB59FDBDFB64FD96" box="[1192,1252,522,546]" collectionCode="LDP" pageId="53" pageNumber="909">
LDP
<superScript id="7C029BCCFFA76578FB2DFDBAFB64FD96" attach="left" box="[1244,1252,522,534]" fontSize="5" pageId="53" pageNumber="909">4</superScript>
</specimenCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED66AE41FFA76578FB03FDBCFAC9FDA1" box="[1266,1353,524,545]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="53" pageNumber="909">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.CR- 4397; two RP
<subScript id="17F334C1FFA76578FC4BFD85FC42FDC1" attach="both" box="[954,962,565,577]" fontSize="5" pageId="53" pageNumber="909">3</subScript>
s,
<collectionCode id="ED66AE41FFA76578FC2BFD9BFBB2FDC0" box="[986,1074,555,576]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="53" pageNumber="909">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.CR-312-L,
<collectionCode id="ED66AE41FFA76578FB35FD9BFA93FDC1" box="[1220,1299,555,577]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2fxn-eays" name="University of California Museum of Paleontology" pageId="53" pageNumber="909" type="University or college">UCMP</collectionCode>
.62018(CR- 308); two
<specimenCode id="DBD19EFFFFA76578FC56FDFAFC50FDDF" box="[935,976,586,607]" collectionCode="LP" country="Russia" name="Laboratory of Palaeontology" pageId="53" pageNumber="909">
LP
<subScript id="17F334C1FFA76578FC39FDE3FC50FDDF" attach="both" box="[968,976,595,607]" fontSize="5" pageId="53" pageNumber="909">4</subScript>
</specimenCode>
s,
<collectionCode id="ED66AE41FFA76578FC03FDF9FBCAFDDF" box="[1010,1098,585,607]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="53" pageNumber="909">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.CR-76-
<collectionCode id="ED66AE41FFA76578FB41FDF9FB5DFDDF" box="[1200,1245,585,607]" country="Germany" name="Museum Donaueschingen" pageId="53" pageNumber="909">MD</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED66AE41FFA76578FB00FDFAFAA3FDDF" box="[1265,1315,586,607]" pageId="53" pageNumber="909">SLP</collectionCode>
.CR-1-De; two RP
<subScript id="17F334C1FFA76578FC72FDC2FC0BFDFE" attach="left" box="[899,907,626,638]" fontSize="5" pageId="53" pageNumber="909">4</subScript>
,
<collectionCode id="ED66AE41FFA76578FC55FDD8FC7DFDFD" box="[932,1021,616,637]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="53" pageNumber="909">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.CR-233, CR-1117; LM
<subScript id="17F334C1FFA76578FAD0FDC2FAA9FDFE" attach="left" box="[1313,1321,626,638]" fontSize="5" pageId="53" pageNumber="909">1</subScript>
,
<collectionCode id="ED66AE41FFA76578FAB0FDD8FAFBFDFD" box="[1345,1403,616,637]" country="France" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/p8j1-ms8j" name="Collections de la Faculte des Sciences de Lyon" pageId="53" pageNumber="909">FSL</collectionCode>
.1. 882; three
<specimenCode id="DBD19EFFFFA76578FC3AFD37FC7CFD1D" box="[971,1020,647,669]" collectionCode="RM" country="Canada" name="McGill University, Redpath Museum" pageId="53" pageNumber="909" type="Museum">
RM
<subScript id="17F334C1FFA76578FC05FD21FC7CFD1D" attach="both" box="[1012,1020,657,669]" fontSize="5" pageId="53" pageNumber="909">1</subScript>
</specimenCode>
s,
<collectionCode id="ED66AE41FFA76578FBDAFD37FB06FD1C" box="[1067,1158,647,668]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="53" pageNumber="909">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.CR-1-F, CR-25-
<collectionCode id="ED66AE41FFA76578FAADFD36FA09FD1C" box="[1372,1417,646,668]" country="Germany" name="Museum Donaueschingen" pageId="53" pageNumber="909">MD</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED66AE41FFA76578FCD7FD15FCF6FD3B" box="[806,886,677,699]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2fxn-eays" name="University of California Museum of Paleontology" pageId="53" pageNumber="909" type="University or college">UCMP</collectionCode>
.62014(CR-949); four
<specimenCode id="DBD19EFFFFA76578FB97FD16FB17FD3B" box="[1126,1175,678,699]" collectionCode="RM" country="Canada" name="McGill University, Redpath Museum" pageId="53" pageNumber="909" type="Museum">
RM
<subScript id="17F334C1FFA76578FB7EFD1FFB17FD3B" attach="both" box="[1167,1175,687,699]" fontSize="5" pageId="53" pageNumber="909">2</subScript>
</specimenCode>
s,
<collectionCode id="ED66AE41FFA76578FB43FD15FA8AFD3B" box="[1202,1290,677,699]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="53" pageNumber="909">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.CRL-568, CRL-569, CR-17-
<collectionCode id="ED66AE41FFA76578FC03FD74FBA0FD59" box="[1010,1056,708,729]" country="Germany" name="Museum Donaueschingen" pageId="53" pageNumber="909">MD</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED66AE41FFA76578FBC7FD74FB06FD5A" box="[1078,1158,708,730]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2fxn-eays" name="University of California Museum of Paleontology" pageId="53" pageNumber="909" type="University or college">UCMP</collectionCode>
.62008(CR-4330); LM
<subScript id="17F334C1FFA76578FA8FFD7EFA06FD5A" attach="left" box="[1406,1414,718,730]" fontSize="5" pageId="53" pageNumber="909">3</subScript>
,
<collectionCode id="ED66AE41FFA76578FCD7FD53FCFFFD78" box="[806,895,739,760]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="53" pageNumber="909">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.CR-1704-Pn; two
<specimenCode id="DBD19EFFFFA76578FB9FFD53FB1FFD78" box="[1134,1183,739,760]" collectionCode="RM" country="Canada" name="McGill University, Redpath Museum" pageId="53" pageNumber="909" type="Museum">
RM
<subScript id="17F334C1FFA76578FB66FD5CFB1FFD78" attach="both" box="[1175,1183,748,760]" fontSize="5" pageId="53" pageNumber="909">3</subScript>
</specimenCode>
s,
<collectionCode id="ED66AE41FFA76578FB30FD53FA99FD78" box="[1217,1305,739,760]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="53" pageNumber="909">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.CR-773- Ph, CR-327-L; all Cernay
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC83684FFA76578FCCEFC90FA81FC11" blockId="53.[806,1422,247,1097]" pageId="53" pageNumber="909">
LM
<superScript id="7C029BCCFFA76578FC97FCAEFCEEFCAA" attach="left" box="[870,878,798,810]" fontSize="5" pageId="53" pageNumber="909">1</superScript>
, MNHN.F.BRL-16-G; RM
<superScript id="7C029BCCFFA76578FB53FCAEFB2AFCAA" attach="left" box="[1186,1194,798,810]" fontSize="5" pageId="53" pageNumber="909">2</superScript>
, MNHN.F.BRL-14- Pn; LM
<superScript id="7C029BCCFFA76578FC8AFC8CFC03FCC8" attach="left" box="[891,899,828,840]" fontSize="5" pageId="53" pageNumber="909">3</superScript>
, MNHN.F.BRL-126; RM
<superScript id="7C029BCCFFA76578FB6DFC8CFB24FCC8" attach="left" box="[1180,1188,828,840]" fontSize="5" pageId="53" pageNumber="909">3</superScript>
, MNHN.F.BRL-2-G; RM
<subScript id="17F334C1FFA76578FCBEFCD7FCD7FCF3" attach="left" box="[847,855,871,883]" fontSize="5" pageId="53" pageNumber="909">1</subScript>
, MNHN.F.BRL-29-G; LM
<subScript id="17F334C1FFA76578FB71FCD7FB08FCF3" attach="left" box="[1152,1160,871,883]" fontSize="5" pageId="53" pageNumber="909">2</subScript>
, MNHN.F.BRL-16-Pn; RM
<subScript id="17F334C1FFA76578FCBEFC35FCD7FC11" attach="left" box="[847,855,901,913]" fontSize="5" pageId="53" pageNumber="909">2</subScript>
, MNHN.F.BRL-25; all bed 4, Berru.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC83684FFA76578FCCEFC2BFB40FBC8" blockId="53.[806,1422,247,1097]" pageId="53" pageNumber="909">
Two RM
<superScript id="7C029BCCFFA76578FC56FC28FC2FFC24" attach="left" box="[935,943,920,932]" fontSize="5" pageId="53" pageNumber="909">1</superScript>
, MNHN.F.BR-13-Pn, I-683; five LM
<superScript id="7C029BCCFFA76578FA82FC28FAFBFC24" attach="both" box="[1395,1403,920,932]" fontSize="5" pageId="53" pageNumber="909">2</superScript>
s, MNHN.F.I-583, I-709, I-714, I-718, BR-12-Bn; RM
<superScript id="7C029BCCFFA76578FA8FFC07FA06FC43" attach="left" box="[1406,1414,951,963]" fontSize="5" pageId="53" pageNumber="909">2</superScript>
, MNHN.F.I-707, LM
<superScript id="7C029BCCFFA76578FBFDFC65FB94FC61" attach="left" box="[1036,1044,981,993]" fontSize="5" pageId="53" pageNumber="909">3</superScript>
, IRSNB.CR-48-B-Wouters; RP
<subScript id="17F334C1FFA76578FA8FFC51FA06FC6D" attach="left" box="[1406,1414,993,1005]" fontSize="5" pageId="53" pageNumber="909">3</subScript>
, MNHN.F.I-686; LP
<subScript id="17F334C1FFA76578FBF7FBB0FB8EFB8C" attach="left" box="[1030,1038,1024,1036]" fontSize="5" pageId="53" pageNumber="909">4</subScript>
, IRSNB.CR-34-B-Wouters; LM
<subScript id="17F334C1FFA76578FA8FFBB0FA06FB8C" attach="left" box="[1406,1414,1024,1036]" fontSize="5" pageId="53" pageNumber="909">1</subScript>
, MNHN.F.I-721; two RM
<subScript id="17F334C1FFA76578FBB8FBAEFBD1FBAA" attach="both" box="[1097,1105,1054,1066]" fontSize="5" pageId="53" pageNumber="909">2</subScript>
s, MNHN.F.I-705, IRSNB. CR-42-B-Wouters; all bed 5, Berru.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC83684FFA76578FCD7FBD6FB23FB57" blockId="53.[806,1421,1124,1240]" pageId="53" pageNumber="909">
<emphasis id="B903EA96FFA76578FCD7FBD6FB86FBFB" box="[806,1030,1126,1147]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="909">Referred material:</emphasis>
Two LM
<superScript id="7C029BCCFFA76578FB7CFBD4FB15FBF0" attach="left" box="[1165,1173,1124,1136]" fontSize="5" pageId="53" pageNumber="909">3</superScript>
, MNHN.F.CR-1272, CR-337-L; LM
<subScript id="17F334C1FFA76578FC3BFB3FFC52FB1B" attach="left" box="[970,978,1167,1179]" fontSize="5" pageId="53" pageNumber="909">1</subScript>
, MNHN.F.CR-15936(Collier835); LM
<subScript id="17F334C1FFA76578FA8FFB3FFA06FB1B" attach="left" box="[1406,1414,1167,1179]" fontSize="5" pageId="53" pageNumber="909">2</subScript>
, UCMP.62020(CR-233); all Cernay. LM
<subScript id="17F334C1FFA76578FB2AFB1DFB63FB39" attach="left" box="[1243,1251,1197,1209]" fontSize="5" pageId="53" pageNumber="909">2</subScript>
, IRSNB.Wouters (unnumbered), bed 5, Berru?
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC83684FFA76578FCD7FB45FBC0FAE6" blockId="53.[806,1421,1267,1383]" pageId="53" pageNumber="909">
<emphasis id="B903EA96FFA76578FCD7FB45FC7FFA8B" box="[806,1023,1269,1291]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="909">Casts in MNHN.F:</emphasis>
Two LP
<superScript id="7C029BCCFFA76578FBAEFB43FBE7FB7F" attach="both" box="[1119,1127,1267,1279]" fontSize="5" pageId="53" pageNumber="909">4</superScript>
s, CR-59-Rob, CR-115-Lx; LM
<subScript id="17F334C1FFA76578FCBFFAADFCD6FAA9" attach="left" box="[846,854,1309,1321]" fontSize="5" pageId="53" pageNumber="909">1</subScript>
, CR-1106-Pn; two RM
<subScript id="17F334C1FFA76578FBA7FAADFBDEFAA9" attach="left" box="[1110,1118,1309,1321]" fontSize="5" pageId="53" pageNumber="909">1</subScript>
, CR-7-Rob, CR-71-Ro; two LM
<subScript id="17F334C1FFA76578FCBFFA8CFCD6FAC8" attach="left" box="[846,854,1340,1352]" fontSize="5" pageId="53" pageNumber="909">2</subScript>
, CR-17-Mar, CR-66-Mar; two RM
<subScript id="17F334C1FFA76578FB1CFA8CFB75FAC8" attach="left" box="[1261,1269,1340,1352]" fontSize="5" pageId="53" pageNumber="909">3</subScript>
, CR-51-Mar, CR-1064-Pn; all Cernay.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC83684FFA76578FCD7FA34FB09FA56" blockId="53.[806,1421,1412,1495]" pageId="53" pageNumber="909">
<emphasis id="B903EA96FFA76578FCD7FA34FBAAFA19" box="[806,1066,1412,1433]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="909">
<taxonomicName id="4C774D07FFA76578FCD7FA34FCCFFA19" box="[806,847,1412,1433]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Age" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="909" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Age</taxonomicName>
and distribution:
</emphasis>
Sables de Châlons-sur-Vesle supérieurs, late Thanetian, Late Palaeocene, Cernay and Berru (beds 4, 5),
<collectingCountry id="F3607614FFA76578FBC3FA71FB05FA56" box="[1074,1157,1473,1494]" name="France" pageId="53" pageNumber="909">France</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC83684FFA76578FCD7FA44FBA4F95F" blockId="53.[806,1422,1522,1760]" pageId="53" pageNumber="909">
<emphasis id="B903EA96FFA76578FCD7FA44FC1DF989" box="[806,925,1524,1545]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="909">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
P
<superScript id="7C029BCCFFA76578FC47FA42FC3EFA7E" attach="left" box="[950,958,1522,1534]" fontSize="5" pageId="53" pageNumber="909">4</superScript>
with distally positioned postprotocrista. P
<superScript id="7C029BCCFFA76578FCC6F9A0FCBFF99C" attach="left" box="[823,831,1552,1564]" fontSize="5" pageId="53" pageNumber="909">4</superScript>
metacone slightly smaller than paracone. P
<superScript id="7C029BCCFFA76578FABDF9A0FAD4F99C" attach="left" box="[1356,1364,1552,1564]" fontSize="5" pageId="53" pageNumber="909">4</superScript>
protocone recurvature minor. P
<subScript id="17F334C1FFA76578FB71F98BFB08F9C7" attach="left" box="[1152,1160,1595,1607]" fontSize="5" pageId="53" pageNumber="909">4</subScript>
with metaconid and short talonid basin. P
<subScript id="17F334C1FFA76578FBEAF9EAFBA3F9E6" attach="left" box="[1051,1059,1626,1638]" fontSize="5" pageId="53" pageNumber="909">4</subScript>
and molar exodaenodonty moderate. Buccal cusps of molars not high crowned, so buccal and lingual cusps are widely spaced. Entoconulid strong on M
<subScript id="17F334C1FFA76578FBE2F905FB9BF941" attach="left" box="[1043,1051,1717,1729]" fontSize="5" pageId="53" pageNumber="909">1</subScript>
, weak to absent on M
<subScript id="17F334C1FFA76578FAD4F905FAADF941" attach="left" box="[1317,1325,1717,1729]" fontSize="5" pageId="53" pageNumber="909">2</subScript>
(shared with
<emphasis id="B903EA96FFA76578FC95F97BFB95F95F" box="[868,1045,1738,1760]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="909">
Te.
<taxonomicName id="4C774D07FFA76578FC7FF97AFB95F95F" authorityName="Hooker &amp; Russell" authorityYear="2012" box="[910,1045,1738,1759]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyopsodontidae" genus="Teilhardimys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Condylarthra" pageId="53" pageNumber="909" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brisswalteri">brisswalteri</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC83684FFA76578FCD7F94EFC27F893" blockId="53.[806,1421,1790,1903]" box="[806,935,1790,1811]" pageId="53" pageNumber="909">
<emphasis id="B903EA96FFA76578FCD7F94EFC27F893" box="[806,935,1790,1811]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="909">Description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC83684FFA7657AFCD7F8ACFF4DFB43" blockId="53.[806,1421,1790,1903]" lastBlockId="55.[144,759,493,1219]" lastPageId="55" lastPageNumber="911" pageId="53" pageNumber="909">
<emphasis id="B903EA96FFA76578FCD7F8ACFCC6F8B1" box="[806,838,1818,1841]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="909">
P
<superScript id="7C029BCCFFA76578FCC6F8AAFCBFF8A6" attach="right" box="[823,831,1818,1830]" fontSize="5" pageId="53" pageNumber="909">4</superScript>
:
</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B1F3CD9FFA7657AFCBFF8ACFF4AFB43" collectionCode="MNHN, MD" lastPageId="55" lastPageNumber="911" pageId="53" pageNumber="909" specimenCount="1">
Although slightly shorter (mesiodistally) lingually than buccally, the outline is not constricted or ‘waisted’ as in
<taxonomicName id="4C774D07FFA76578FC3EF8E9FBD1F8EE" authorityName="Hooker &amp; Russell" authorityYear="2012" baseAuthorityName="Russell" baseAuthorityYear="1964" box="[975,1105,1881,1902]" class="Mammalia" family="Louisinidae" genus="Prolouisina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macroscelidea" pageId="53" pageNumber="909" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atavella">
<emphasis id="B903EA96FFA76578FC3EF8E9FBD1F8EE" box="[975,1105,1881,1902]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="909">Pr. atavella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="134C2A01FFA76578FB93F8E9FB46F8EF" box="[1122,1222,1881,1903]" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="51.[144,223,198,217]" captionText="Figure 25. Scanning electron micrographs of gold-palladium coated epoxy casts of teeth of Louisina marci sp. nov. (A–K) and Louisina mirabilis Russell, 1964 (L), late Thanetian, France. A, RP4 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-77-MD). B, LM1, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-4325). C, RM2 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-951). D, RM3 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-1143). E, RP3 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-312-L). F, RP4 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-1117). G, holotype LM1, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-235). H, RM2 (reversed), Cernay MNHN.F.CRL-569). I, LM3, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR- 1704-Pn). J, RM1 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-240). K, LM2, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-247). L, RM1 (reversed), bed 5, Berru (MNHN.F.BR-3-L). Views are: buccal (A1, B1, C1, D1, E2, F2, G2, H2, I2), occlusal (A2, B2, C2, D2, E1, F1, G1, H1, I1, J, K), lingual (E3, F3, G3, H3, I3), and distal (B3, L). Scale bar = 2 mm." pageId="53" pageNumber="909">Fig. 25A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="134C2A01FFA76578FB37F8E9FB54F8EF" box="[1222,1236,1881,1903]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="4.[164,243,1510,1529]" captionTargetBox="[323,1283,194,1480]" captionTargetId="figure-112@4.[323,1283,194,1480]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 2. Scanning electron micrographs of gold-palladium coated epoxy casts of teeth and jaw of Walbeckodon krumbiegeli gen. et sp. nov., Palaeocene, Walbeck, Germany. A, paratype LP3 (MLU.Wa/363). B, paratype composite dentition, LP4, LM1, LM2, LM3 (MLU.Wa/386). C, holotype left dentary with P –M (MLU.Wa104.2011). Views are: buccal 4 3 (A1, B1, C2), occlusal (A2, B2, C1), and lingual (C3). Scale bar = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5407244" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5407244/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="909">2</figureCitation>
). Length ranges from
<quantity id="4C8F9B61FFA5657AFF3DFE5DFEEDFD83" box="[204,365,493,515]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.835" metricValueMax="2.86" metricValueMin="2.81" pageId="55" pageNumber="911" unit="mm" value="2.835" valueMax="2.86" valueMin="2.81">2.81–2.86 mm</quantity>
(mean 2.84) and width from
<quantity id="4C8F9B61FFA5657AFD48FE5DFF72FDA1" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.91" metricValueMax="4.09" metricValueMin="3.73" pageId="55" pageNumber="911" unit="mm" value="3.91" valueMax="4.09" valueMin="3.73">3.73– 4.09 mm</quantity>
(mean 3.90). Two of the
<specimenCount id="9D71FD0DFFA5657AFDE1FDBCFD49FDA2" box="[528,713,524,546]" pageId="55" pageNumber="911" type="generic">three specimens</specimenCount>
are lightly worn. They have the metacone smaller than the paracone (
<figureCitation id="134C2A01FFA5657AFEA5FDF9FE3AFDDF" box="[340,442,585,607]" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="51.[144,223,198,217]" captionText="Figure 25. Scanning electron micrographs of gold-palladium coated epoxy casts of teeth of Louisina marci sp. nov. (A–K) and Louisina mirabilis Russell, 1964 (L), late Thanetian, France. A, RP4 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-77-MD). B, LM1, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-4325). C, RM2 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-951). D, RM3 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-1143). E, RP3 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-312-L). F, RP4 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-1117). G, holotype LM1, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-235). H, RM2 (reversed), Cernay MNHN.F.CRL-569). I, LM3, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR- 1704-Pn). J, RM1 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-240). K, LM2, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-247). L, RM1 (reversed), bed 5, Berru (MNHN.F.BR-3-L). Views are: buccal (A1, B1, C1, D1, E2, F2, G2, H2, I2), occlusal (A2, B2, C2, D2, E1, F1, G1, H1, I1, J, K), lingual (E3, F3, G3, H3, I3), and distal (B3, L). Scale bar = 2 mm." pageId="55" pageNumber="911">Fig. 25A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="134C2A01FFA5657AFE4AFDF9FE44FDDF" box="[443,452,585,607]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="1.[144,223,1185,1204]" captionTargetBox="[312,1251,203,1150]" captionTargetId="figure-102@1.[303,1263,195,1156]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figure 1. Dental terminology. A, B, upper molar; C, D, lower molar, all shown as from left side in occlusal view. Mesial is to left; distal is to right; buccal in uppers is above and in lowers below; lingual in uppers is below and in lowers above. A, C, primitive morphotype; B, D, derived morphotype. Some cusps and crests shown in A and C are assumed for B and D, respectively. Some taxa combine some features of the different morphotypes. Abbreviations: co, cristid obliqua; dclm, distal cingulum; ecf, ectoflexus; ecfd, ectoflexid; eclm, ectocingulum; ectsd, ectostylid; entd, entoconid; entf, entoflexus; entld, entoconulid; ents, entostyle; hyd, hypoconid; hyfd, hypoflexid; hyld, hypoconulid; hyp, hypocone; hyphd, hypolophid; mbstd, mesiobuccal stylid; mclm, mesial cingulum; mes, mesostyle; mesd, mesoconid; mestd, mesostylid; met, metacone; metclm, metacingulum; metd, metaconid; metle, metaconule; metph, metaloph; mets, metastyle; pacd, paracristid; paclm, paracingulum; pad, paraconid; par, paracone; parle, paraconule; pas, parastyle; pocld, postcingulid; poclm, postcingulum; pof, postflexus; poentcd, postentocristid; pohycd, posthypocristid; pomec, postmetacrista; pometcd, postmetacristid; pometlc, postmetaconule crista; popac, postparacrista; poparlc, postparaconule crista; poprc, postprotocrista; precld, precingulid; preclm, precingulum; preentcd, pre-entocristid; pref, preflexus; premec, premetacrista; premetcd, premetacristid; premetlc, premetaconule crista; prepac, preparacrista; preparlc, preparaconule crista; preprc, preprotocrista; procd, protocristid; prot, protocone; protd, protoconid; prs, protostyle; prtph, protoloph; prtphd, protolophid; tb, trigon basin; tgb, trigonid basin; tlb, talonid basin. Tooth abbreviations in text: I, incisor; C, canine; P, premolar; M, molar; DP, deciduous premolar." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5407242" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5407242/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="911">1</figureCitation>
), the latter lacking a preparacrista, with a protocone that is scarcely recurved and a distally extending postprotocrista (
<figureCitation id="134C2A01FFA5657AFF69FD15FF7CFD3B" box="[152,252,677,699]" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="51.[144,223,198,217]" captionText="Figure 25. Scanning electron micrographs of gold-palladium coated epoxy casts of teeth of Louisina marci sp. nov. (A–K) and Louisina mirabilis Russell, 1964 (L), late Thanetian, France. A, RP4 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-77-MD). B, LM1, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-4325). C, RM2 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-951). D, RM3 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-1143). E, RP3 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-312-L). F, RP4 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-1117). G, holotype LM1, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-235). H, RM2 (reversed), Cernay MNHN.F.CRL-569). I, LM3, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR- 1704-Pn). J, RM1 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-240). K, LM2, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-247). L, RM1 (reversed), bed 5, Berru (MNHN.F.BR-3-L). Views are: buccal (A1, B1, C1, D1, E2, F2, G2, H2, I2), occlusal (A2, B2, C2, D2, E1, F1, G1, H1, I1, J, K), lingual (E3, F3, G3, H3, I3), and distal (B3, L). Scale bar = 2 mm." pageId="55" pageNumber="911">Fig. 25A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="134C2A01FFA5657AFF0DFD15FE8AFD3B" box="[252,266,677,699]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="4.[164,243,1510,1529]" captionTargetBox="[323,1283,194,1480]" captionTargetId="figure-112@4.[323,1283,194,1480]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 2. Scanning electron micrographs of gold-palladium coated epoxy casts of teeth and jaw of Walbeckodon krumbiegeli gen. et sp. nov., Palaeocene, Walbeck, Germany. A, paratype LP3 (MLU.Wa/363). B, paratype composite dentition, LP4, LM1, LM2, LM3 (MLU.Wa/386). C, holotype left dentary with P –M (MLU.Wa104.2011). Views are: buccal 4 3 (A1, B1, C2), occlusal (A2, B2, C1), and lingual (C3). Scale bar = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5407244" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5407244/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="911">2</figureCitation>
). The latter is at first orientated mesiodistally, bending sharply to a buccolingual orientation. At the bend, a short crest joins it to a tiny hypocone. In CR-59-Rob, the postprotocrista dies out at the foot of the metacone, whereas in
<collectionCode id="ED66AE41FFA5657AFDFCFCAFFDE4FCB4" box="[525,612,799,820]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="55" pageNumber="911">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.CR-77-
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(
<figureCitation id="134C2A01FFA5657AFF69FC8EFF7BFCD4" box="[152,251,830,852]" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="51.[144,223,198,217]" captionText="Figure 25. Scanning electron micrographs of gold-palladium coated epoxy casts of teeth of Louisina marci sp. nov. (A–K) and Louisina mirabilis Russell, 1964 (L), late Thanetian, France. A, RP4 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-77-MD). B, LM1, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-4325). C, RM2 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-951). D, RM3 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-1143). E, RP3 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-312-L). F, RP4 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-1117). G, holotype LM1, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-235). H, RM2 (reversed), Cernay MNHN.F.CRL-569). I, LM3, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR- 1704-Pn). J, RM1 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-240). K, LM2, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-247). L, RM1 (reversed), bed 5, Berru (MNHN.F.BR-3-L). Views are: buccal (A1, B1, C1, D1, E2, F2, G2, H2, I2), occlusal (A2, B2, C2, D2, E1, F1, G1, H1, I1, J, K), lingual (E3, F3, G3, H3, I3), and distal (B3, L). Scale bar = 2 mm." pageId="55" pageNumber="911">Fig. 25A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="134C2A01FFA5657AFF0AFC8EFE89FCD4" box="[251,265,830,852]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="4.[164,243,1510,1529]" captionTargetBox="[323,1283,194,1480]" captionTargetId="figure-112@4.[323,1283,194,1480]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 2. Scanning electron micrographs of gold-palladium coated epoxy casts of teeth and jaw of Walbeckodon krumbiegeli gen. et sp. nov., Palaeocene, Walbeck, Germany. A, paratype LP3 (MLU.Wa/363). B, paratype composite dentition, LP4, LM1, LM2, LM3 (MLU.Wa/386). C, holotype left dentary with P –M (MLU.Wa104.2011). Views are: buccal 4 3 (A1, B1, C2), occlusal (A2, B2, C1), and lingual (C3). Scale bar = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5407244" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5407244/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="911">2</figureCitation>
), it curves mesiobuccally to rise up the lingual valley between the paracone and metacone. The preprotocrista in CR-59-Rob leaves the protocone mesiobuccally to join the paracingulum, whereas in
<collectionCode id="ED66AE41FFA5657AFF61FC08FF68FC4D" box="[144,232,952,973]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="55" pageNumber="911">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.CR-77-
<collectionCode id="ED66AE41FFA5657AFEBFFC08FEFBFC4D" box="[334,379,952,973]" country="Germany" name="Museum Donaueschingen" pageId="55" pageNumber="911">MD</collectionCode>
, its direction is nearly mesial, joining the paracingulum more lingually. The precingulum is very short, almost meeting the preprotocrista in
<collectionCode id="ED66AE41FFA5657AFF07FBA4FECEFBA9" box="[246,334,1044,1065]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="55" pageNumber="911">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.CR-77-
<collectionCode id="ED66AE41FFA5657AFE44FBA4FE62FBA9" box="[437,482,1044,1065]" country="Germany" name="Museum Donaueschingen" pageId="55" pageNumber="911">MD</collectionCode>
. The parastyle is very low and small in both. A third specimen (CR-115-Lx) is damaged distolingually and is more worn, but the hypocone is larger and closer to the protocone. The buccolingual branch of the postprotocrista is very faint
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF08660CFFA5657AFF61FF76FF23FE22" pageId="55" pageNumber="911" startId="55.[144,223,198,217]">
<paragraph id="8BC83684FFA5657AFF61FF76FF23FE22" blockId="55.[144,1422,198,418]" pageId="55" pageNumber="911">
<emphasis id="B903EA96FFA5657AFF61FF76FE85FF59" bold="true" box="[144,261,198,217]" pageId="55" pageNumber="911">Figure 26.</emphasis>
Scanning electron micrographs of gold-palladium coated epoxy casts of teeth and jaws of
<emphasis id="B903EA96FFA5657AFB05FF76FE07FF77" bold="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="911">
<taxonomicName id="4C774D07FFA5657AFB05FF76FE9CFF76" authority="Hooker &amp; Russell, 2012" authorityName="Hooker &amp; Russell" authorityYear="2012" class="Mammalia" family="Hyopsodontidae" genus="Teilhardimys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Condylarthra" pageId="55" pageNumber="911" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brisswalteri" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B903EA96FFA5657AFB05FF76FE9CFF76" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="911">Teilhardimys brisswalteri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23057EDFFA5657AFED8FF54FE07FF77" box="[297,391,228,247]" pageId="55" pageNumber="911" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(A–I) and
<emphasis id="B903EA96FFA5657AFDFAFF54FCB0FF77" bold="true" box="[523,816,228,247]" pageId="55" pageNumber="911">
<taxonomicName id="4C774D07FFA5657AFDFAFF54FD45FF77" authority="Hooker &amp; Russell, 2012" authorityName="Hooker &amp; Russell" authorityYear="2012" box="[523,709,228,247]" class="Mammalia" family="Louisinidae" genus="Louisina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macroscelidea" pageId="55" pageNumber="911" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marci" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B903EA96FFA5657AFDFAFF54FD45FF77" bold="true" box="[523,709,228,247]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="911">Louisina marci</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23057EDFFA5657AFD22FF54FCB0FF77" box="[723,816,228,247]" pageId="55" pageNumber="911" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(J), late Thanetian, France. A, holotype LP
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, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-4400). B, left maxilla with M
<superScript id="7C029BCCFFA5657AFDA2FF4DFDE9FE89" attach="right" box="[595,617,253,265]" fontSize="5" pageId="55" pageNumber="911">1–3</superScript>
, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-265-Bn). C, LP
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, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-11888). D, RP
<subScript id="17F334C1FFA5657AFA77FEB8FA0DFE94" attach="left" box="[1414,1421,264,276]" fontSize="5" pageId="55" pageNumber="911">3</subScript>
(reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-285-Bn). E, RP
<subScript id="17F334C1FFA5657AFD63FE96FD19FEB2" attach="left" box="[658,665,294,306]" fontSize="5" pageId="55" pageNumber="911">4</subScript>
(reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-1264). F, LM
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, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR- 234). G, left dentary with M
<subScript id="17F334C1FFA5657AFE23FEF3FE67FECF" attach="left" box="[466,487,323,335]" fontSize="5" pageId="55" pageNumber="911">2–3</subScript>
, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-3-Bw). H, right dentary with P
<subScript id="17F334C1FFA5657AFBB6FEF3FBCEFECF" attach="left" box="[1095,1102,323,335]" fontSize="5" pageId="55" pageNumber="911">4</subScript>
–M
<subScript id="17F334C1FFA5657AFB81FEF3FBF7FECF" attach="left" box="[1136,1143,323,335]" fontSize="5" pageId="55" pageNumber="911">1</subScript>
(reversed), bed 4, Berru (MNHN.F.BRL-198-P). I, RDP
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(reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-343-Ph). J, LDP
<superScript id="7C029BCCFFA5657AFC2FFEE5FC65FEE1" attach="left" box="[990,997,341,353]" fontSize="5" pageId="55" pageNumber="911">4</superScript>
, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-4397). Views are: buccal (A1, B1, D2, E2, F2, G2, I1, J1), occlusal (A2, B2, C, D1, E1, F1, I2, J2), and lingual (D3, G3, H). Scale bar
<emphasis id="B903EA96FFA5657AFAC8FEC5FAC5FE09" bold="true" box="[1337,1349,373,393]" pageId="55" pageNumber="911">=</emphasis>
2 mm. ·
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BC83684FFA5657AFF61FB40FD64F9F4" blockId="55.[144,759,1262,1653]" pageId="55" pageNumber="911">
<emphasis id="B903EA96FFA5657AFF61FB40FF36FA85" box="[144,182,1262,1285]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="911">
M
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:
</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B1F3CD9FFA5657AFF4CFB5FFD60F9F4" collectionCode="UCMP, MNHN" pageId="55" pageNumber="911" specimenCount="1">
The squared outline is a consistent feature of this tooth
<typeStatus id="54CC8826FFA5657AFF24FABFFE86FAA4" box="[213,262,1295,1316]" pageId="55" pageNumber="911">type</typeStatus>
(
<figureCitation id="134C2A01FFA5657AFEE8FABEFE18FAA4" box="[281,408,1294,1316]" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="51.[144,223,198,217]" captionText="Figure 25. Scanning electron micrographs of gold-palladium coated epoxy casts of teeth of Louisina marci sp. nov. (A–K) and Louisina mirabilis Russell, 1964 (L), late Thanetian, France. A, RP4 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-77-MD). B, LM1, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-4325). C, RM2 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-951). D, RM3 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-1143). E, RP3 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-312-L). F, RP4 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-1117). G, holotype LM1, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-235). H, RM2 (reversed), Cernay MNHN.F.CRL-569). I, LM3, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR- 1704-Pn). J, RM1 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-240). K, LM2, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-247). L, RM1 (reversed), bed 5, Berru (MNHN.F.BR-3-L). Views are: buccal (A1, B1, C1, D1, E2, F2, G2, H2, I2), occlusal (A2, B2, C2, D2, E1, F1, G1, H1, I1, J, K), lingual (E3, F3, G3, H3, I3), and distal (B3, L). Scale bar = 2 mm." pageId="55" pageNumber="911">Fig. 25B, J</figureCitation>
). There is variation in cingulum development. The ectocingulum may be complete [
<collectionCode id="ED66AE41FFA5657AFF67FAFBFF67FAE2" box="[150,231,1355,1378]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2fxn-eays" name="University of California Museum of Paleontology" pageId="55" pageNumber="911" type="University or college">UCMP</collectionCode>
.62021(CR-4521)] or entirely missing, but is weak and interrupted in most. The premetaconule crista may be present or absent, but is absent or negligible in most. The crest that joins the metaconule and hypocone is present in most specimens observed (
<figureCitation id="134C2A01FFA5657AFEFFFA54FEEFFA7A" box="[270,367,1508,1530]" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="51.[144,223,198,217]" captionText="Figure 25. Scanning electron micrographs of gold-palladium coated epoxy casts of teeth of Louisina marci sp. nov. (A–K) and Louisina mirabilis Russell, 1964 (L), late Thanetian, France. A, RP4 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-77-MD). B, LM1, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-4325). C, RM2 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-951). D, RM3 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-1143). E, RP3 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-312-L). F, RP4 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-1117). G, holotype LM1, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-235). H, RM2 (reversed), Cernay MNHN.F.CRL-569). I, LM3, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR- 1704-Pn). J, RM1 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-240). K, LM2, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-247). L, RM1 (reversed), bed 5, Berru (MNHN.F.BR-3-L). Views are: buccal (A1, B1, C1, D1, E2, F2, G2, H2, I2), occlusal (A2, B2, C2, D2, E1, F1, G1, H1, I1, J, K), lingual (E3, F3, G3, H3, I3), and distal (B3, L). Scale bar = 2 mm." pageId="55" pageNumber="911">Fig. 25B</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="134C2A01FFA5657AFE9EFA54FEFDFA7A" box="[367,381,1508,1530]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="4.[164,243,1510,1529]" captionTargetBox="[323,1283,194,1480]" captionTargetId="figure-112@4.[323,1283,194,1480]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 2. Scanning electron micrographs of gold-palladium coated epoxy casts of teeth and jaw of Walbeckodon krumbiegeli gen. et sp. nov., Palaeocene, Walbeck, Germany. A, paratype LP3 (MLU.Wa/363). B, paratype composite dentition, LP4, LM1, LM2, LM3 (MLU.Wa/386). C, holotype left dentary with P –M (MLU.Wa104.2011). Views are: buccal 4 3 (A1, B1, C2), occlusal (A2, B2, C1), and lingual (C3). Scale bar = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5407244" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5407244/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="911">2</figureCitation>
) but two (
<collectionCode id="ED66AE41FFA5657AFDE0FA54FDECFA79" box="[529,620,1508,1529]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="55" pageNumber="911">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.BR-13-Pn,
<collectionCode id="ED66AE41FFA5657AFF61F9B3FF68F998" box="[144,232,1539,1560]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="55" pageNumber="911">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.CR-240:
<figureCitation id="134C2A01FFA5657AFE94F9B3FE43F999" box="[357,451,1539,1561]" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="51.[144,223,198,217]" captionText="Figure 25. Scanning electron micrographs of gold-palladium coated epoxy casts of teeth of Louisina marci sp. nov. (A–K) and Louisina mirabilis Russell, 1964 (L), late Thanetian, France. A, RP4 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-77-MD). B, LM1, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-4325). C, RM2 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-951). D, RM3 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-1143). E, RP3 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-312-L). F, RP4 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-1117). G, holotype LM1, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-235). H, RM2 (reversed), Cernay MNHN.F.CRL-569). I, LM3, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR- 1704-Pn). J, RM1 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-240). K, LM2, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-247). L, RM1 (reversed), bed 5, Berru (MNHN.F.BR-3-L). Views are: buccal (A1, B1, C1, D1, E2, F2, G2, H2, I2), occlusal (A2, B2, C2, D2, E1, F1, G1, H1, I1, J, K), lingual (E3, F3, G3, H3, I3), and distal (B3, L). Scale bar = 2 mm." pageId="55" pageNumber="911">Fig. 25J</figureCitation>
), although it is very variable in strength. The wider spacing of the buccal and lingual cusps distinguishing this species from
<taxonomicName id="4C774D07FFA5657AFD2EF9F1FF78F9F4" authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1964" class="Mammalia" family="Louisinidae" genus="Louisina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macroscelidea" pageId="55" pageNumber="911" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mirabilis">
<emphasis id="B903EA96FFA5657AFD2EF9F1FF78F9F4" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="911">L. mirabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is best seen in distal view (
<figureCitation id="134C2A01FFA5657AFDB7F9EFFD29F9F5" box="[582,681,1631,1653]" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="51.[144,223,198,217]" captionText="Figure 25. Scanning electron micrographs of gold-palladium coated epoxy casts of teeth of Louisina marci sp. nov. (A–K) and Louisina mirabilis Russell, 1964 (L), late Thanetian, France. A, RP4 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-77-MD). B, LM1, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-4325). C, RM2 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-951). D, RM3 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-1143). E, RP3 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-312-L). F, RP4 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-1117). G, holotype LM1, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-235). H, RM2 (reversed), Cernay MNHN.F.CRL-569). I, LM3, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR- 1704-Pn). J, RM1 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-240). K, LM2, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-247). L, RM1 (reversed), bed 5, Berru (MNHN.F.BR-3-L). Views are: buccal (A1, B1, C1, D1, E2, F2, G2, H2, I2), occlusal (A2, B2, C2, D2, E1, F1, G1, H1, I1, J, K), lingual (E3, F3, G3, H3, I3), and distal (B3, L). Scale bar = 2 mm." pageId="55" pageNumber="911">Fig. 25B</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="134C2A01FFA5657AFD58F9EFFD36F9F5" box="[681,694,1631,1653]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[144,223,1340,1359]" captionTargetBox="[367,1199,196,1310]" captionTargetId="figure-215@5.[367,1199,196,1310]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. Scanning electron micrographs of gold-palladium coated epoxy casts of jaws of Walbeckodon krumbiegeli gen. et sp. nov., Palaeocene, Walbeck, Germany. A, paratype left dentary with P4–M2 (MLU.Wa/387). B, paratype left dentary with P3–4 (MLU.Wa/417). Views are: buccal (A1, B1), occlusal (A2, B2), and lingual (B3). Scale bar = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5407246" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5407246/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="911">3</figureCitation>
, L)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC83684FFA5657AFF61F912FBA7FC97" blockId="55.[144,759,1695,1903]" lastBlockId="55.[806,1422,491,791]" pageId="55" pageNumber="911">
<emphasis id="B903EA96FFA5657AFF61F912FF36F937" box="[144,182,1695,1719]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="911">
M
<superScript id="7C029BCCFFA5657AFF56F92FFF2FF92B" attach="left" box="[167,175,1695,1707]" fontSize="5" pageId="55" pageNumber="911">2</superScript>
:
</emphasis>
The trapeziform outline is a consistent feature of this tooth
<typeStatus id="54CC8826FFA5657AFEFFF970FEC2F955" box="[270,322,1728,1749]" pageId="55" pageNumber="911">type</typeStatus>
, with an oblique buccal margin and large size difference between the paracone and metacone (
<figureCitation id="134C2A01FFA5657AFF26F94DFEE1F892" box="[215,353,1789,1811]" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="51.[144,223,198,217]" captionText="Figure 25. Scanning electron micrographs of gold-palladium coated epoxy casts of teeth of Louisina marci sp. nov. (A–K) and Louisina mirabilis Russell, 1964 (L), late Thanetian, France. A, RP4 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-77-MD). B, LM1, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-4325). C, RM2 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-951). D, RM3 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-1143). E, RP3 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-312-L). F, RP4 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-1117). G, holotype LM1, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-235). H, RM2 (reversed), Cernay MNHN.F.CRL-569). I, LM3, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR- 1704-Pn). J, RM1 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-240). K, LM2, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-247). L, RM1 (reversed), bed 5, Berru (MNHN.F.BR-3-L). Views are: buccal (A1, B1, C1, D1, E2, F2, G2, H2, I2), occlusal (A2, B2, C2, D2, E1, F1, G1, H1, I1, J, K), lingual (E3, F3, G3, H3, I3), and distal (B3, L). Scale bar = 2 mm." pageId="55" pageNumber="911">Fig. 25C, K</figureCitation>
). However, the difference in cusp size is not quite as great as in
<taxonomicName id="4C774D07FFA5657AFDD6F8ACFD35F8B1" authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1964" box="[551,693,1820,1841]" class="Mammalia" family="Louisinidae" genus="Louisina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macroscelidea" pageId="55" pageNumber="911" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mirabilis">
<emphasis id="B903EA96FFA5657AFDD6F8ACFD35F8B1" box="[551,693,1820,1841]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="911">L. mirabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The variation in the premetaconule crista is as on M
<superScript id="7C029BCCFFA5657AFD16F888FD6FF8C4" attach="left" box="[743,751,1848,1860]" fontSize="5" pageId="55" pageNumber="911">1</superScript>
. However, the ectocingulum varies from weak and interrupted to absent. Like M
<superScript id="7C029BCCFFA5657AFB54FE5BFB2DFE77" attach="right" box="[1189,1197,491,503]" fontSize="5" pageId="55" pageNumber="911">1</superScript>
, the metaconule– hypocone crest is variable in strength and is missing on three (MNHN.F.CR-625, MNHN.F.I-718, MNHN. F.CR-247:
<figureCitation id="134C2A01FFA5657AFC53FDF9FB86FDDF" box="[930,1030,585,607]" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="51.[144,223,198,217]" captionText="Figure 25. Scanning electron micrographs of gold-palladium coated epoxy casts of teeth of Louisina marci sp. nov. (A–K) and Louisina mirabilis Russell, 1964 (L), late Thanetian, France. A, RP4 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-77-MD). B, LM1, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-4325). C, RM2 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-951). D, RM3 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-1143). E, RP3 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-312-L). F, RP4 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-1117). G, holotype LM1, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-235). H, RM2 (reversed), Cernay MNHN.F.CRL-569). I, LM3, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR- 1704-Pn). J, RM1 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-240). K, LM2, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-247). L, RM1 (reversed), bed 5, Berru (MNHN.F.BR-3-L). Views are: buccal (A1, B1, C1, D1, E2, F2, G2, H2, I2), occlusal (A2, B2, C2, D2, E1, F1, G1, H1, I1, J, K), lingual (E3, F3, G3, H3, I3), and distal (B3, L). Scale bar = 2 mm." pageId="55" pageNumber="911">Fig. 25K</figureCitation>
), but in several (e.g. MNHN.F.I- 714) it forms more of an incipient metaloph than on M
<superScript id="7C029BCCFFA5657AFCCCFD34FCC5FD10" attach="left" box="[829,837,644,656]" fontSize="5" pageId="55" pageNumber="911">1</superScript>
. In only two (UCMP.62010, UCMP.62015) of the 16 observed specimens is there a high parastyle like
<taxonomicName id="4C774D07FFA5657AFCD7FD73FC3CFD58" authorityName="Kretzoi &amp; Kretzoi" authorityYear="2000" box="[806,956,707,728]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyopsodontidae" genus="Teilhardimys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Condylarthra" pageId="55" pageNumber="911" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B903EA96FFA5657AFCD7FD73FC3CFD58" box="[806,956,707,728]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="911">Teilhardimys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. They are not in the apparent size overlap zone with
<emphasis id="B903EA96FFA5657AFC0EFD53FB30FD77" box="[1023,1200,738,760]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="911">
Te.
<taxonomicName id="4C774D07FFA5657AFBD8FD52FB30FD77" authorityName="Hooker &amp; Russell" authorityYear="2012" box="[1065,1200,738,759]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyopsodontidae" genus="Teilhardimys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Condylarthra" pageId="55" pageNumber="911" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brisswalteri">brisswalteri</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
, so are unlikely to belong to this species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC83684FFA5657AFCD7FCF2FBA3FAA2" blockId="55.[806,1422,831,1314]" pageId="55" pageNumber="911">
<emphasis id="B903EA96FFA5657AFCD7FCF2FCCDFCD7" box="[806,845,831,855]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="911">
M
<superScript id="7C029BCCFFA5657AFCCCFC8FFCC5FCCB" attach="left" box="[829,837,831,843]" fontSize="5" pageId="55" pageNumber="911">3</superScript>
:
</emphasis>
The outline is always triangular (
<figureCitation id="134C2A01FFA5657AFB17FCF1FACBFCD7" box="[1254,1355,833,855]" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="51.[144,223,198,217]" captionText="Figure 25. Scanning electron micrographs of gold-palladium coated epoxy casts of teeth of Louisina marci sp. nov. (A–K) and Louisina mirabilis Russell, 1964 (L), late Thanetian, France. A, RP4 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-77-MD). B, LM1, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-4325). C, RM2 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-951). D, RM3 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-1143). E, RP3 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-312-L). F, RP4 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-1117). G, holotype LM1, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-235). H, RM2 (reversed), Cernay MNHN.F.CRL-569). I, LM3, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR- 1704-Pn). J, RM1 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-240). K, LM2, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-247). L, RM1 (reversed), bed 5, Berru (MNHN.F.BR-3-L). Views are: buccal (A1, B1, C1, D1, E2, F2, G2, H2, I2), occlusal (A2, B2, C2, D2, E1, F1, G1, H1, I1, J, K), lingual (E3, F3, G3, H3, I3), and distal (B3, L). Scale bar = 2 mm." pageId="55" pageNumber="911">Fig. 25D</figureCitation>
). The structure is that of a simple trigon, but beyond that, the morphology is very variable. The metacone may be lingual of the midline or near the buccal margin (MNHN.F.BRL-2-G). The parastyle is variable in size. The pre- and postcingula may be present or absent. On some there is a large metastyle (e.g. MNHN.F.BRL-126-L). In most the paracone is much larger than the metacone, but in one there is much less difference (MNHN.F.BRL-2-G). MNHN.F.CR- 68-Bn has a strong postparaconule crista, whereas two others have faint ones. Paracone crown height is less than in
<taxonomicName id="4C774D07FFA5657AFC4BFB01FBC3FB45" authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1964" box="[954,1091,1200,1222]" class="Mammalia" family="Louisinidae" genus="Louisina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macroscelidea" pageId="55" pageNumber="911" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mirabilis">
<emphasis id="B903EA96FFA5657AFC4BFB01FBC3FB45" box="[954,1091,1200,1222]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="911">L. mirabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the best means of differentiation between the two species. Length ranges from
<quantity id="4C8F9B61FFA5657AFCD7FB5EFC47FA83" box="[806,967,1262,1284]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.17" metricValueMax="2.36" metricValueMin="1.98" pageId="55" pageNumber="911" unit="mm" value="2.17" valueMax="2.36" valueMin="1.98">1.98–2.36 mm</quantity>
(mean 2.14) and width from
<quantity id="4C8F9B61FFA5657AFABEFB5EFC09FAA2" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.58" metricValueMax="2.75" metricValueMin="2.41" pageId="55" pageNumber="911" unit="mm" value="2.58" valueMax="2.75" valueMin="2.41">2.41– 2.75 mm</quantity>
(mean 2.56).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC83684FFA5657AFCD7FAFEFAA0F971" blockId="55.[806,1422,1357,1777]" pageId="55" pageNumber="911">
<emphasis id="B903EA96FFA5657AFCD7FAFEFCC6FAE3" box="[806,838,1358,1379]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="911">
P
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:
</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B1F3CD9FFA5657AFCA4FAFDFA9CF971" collectionCode="MNHN" pageId="55" pageNumber="911" specimenCount="1">
All
<specimenCount id="9D71FD0DFFA5657AFC77FAFDFBC6FAE3" box="[902,1094,1357,1379]" pageId="55" pageNumber="911" type="generic">three specimens</specimenCount>
are similar, but only one (
<collectionCode id="ED66AE41FFA5657AFCDFFADCFC06FA02" box="[814,902,1388,1410]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="55" pageNumber="911">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.CR-312-L) is sufficiently complete basally for a complete description (
<figureCitation id="134C2A01FFA5657AFB9AFA3AFB4FFA20" box="[1131,1231,1418,1440]" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="51.[144,223,198,217]" captionText="Figure 25. Scanning electron micrographs of gold-palladium coated epoxy casts of teeth of Louisina marci sp. nov. (A–K) and Louisina mirabilis Russell, 1964 (L), late Thanetian, France. A, RP4 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-77-MD). B, LM1, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-4325). C, RM2 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-951). D, RM3 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-1143). E, RP3 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-312-L). F, RP4 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-1117). G, holotype LM1, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-235). H, RM2 (reversed), Cernay MNHN.F.CRL-569). I, LM3, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR- 1704-Pn). J, RM1 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-240). K, LM2, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-247). L, RM1 (reversed), bed 5, Berru (MNHN.F.BR-3-L). Views are: buccal (A1, B1, C1, D1, E2, F2, G2, H2, I2), occlusal (A2, B2, C2, D2, E1, F1, G1, H1, I1, J, K), lingual (E3, F3, G3, H3, I3), and distal (B3, L). Scale bar = 2 mm." pageId="55" pageNumber="911">Fig. 25E</figureCitation>
). The paraconid and talonid are high and overhang the mesial and distal margins, respectively. The talonid is very short and unbasined, the single cusp being transversely elongate and bluntly crested buccally and lingually. Exodaenodonty is strong, affecting the entire buccal margin, not divided into mesial and distal lobes. A faint cristid obliqua lies slightly buccal of a distal protoconid crest that dies out before reaching the talonid and represents an incipient or vestigial metaconid. Length ranges from
<quantity id="4C8F9B61FFA5657AFBACF90CFB7EF952" box="[1117,1278,1724,1746]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.005" metricValueMax="3.1" metricValueMin="2.91" pageId="55" pageNumber="911" unit="mm" value="3.005" valueMax="3.1" valueMin="2.91">2.91–3.10 mm</quantity>
(mean 3.00) and width from
<quantity id="4C8F9B61FFA5657AFC17F96BFB06F970" box="[998,1158,1755,1776]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.195" metricValueMax="2.3" metricValueMin="2.09" pageId="55" pageNumber="911" unit="mm" value="2.195" valueMax="2.3" valueMin="2.09">2.09–2.30 mm</quantity>
(mean 2.20)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC83684FFA56575FCD7F8ACFE21FD8E" blockId="55.[806,1421,1820,1903]" lastBlockId="56.[164,779,198,526]" lastPageId="56" lastPageNumber="912" pageId="55" pageNumber="911">
<emphasis id="B903EA96FFA5657AFCD7F8ACFCC6F8B1" box="[806,838,1820,1842]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="911">
P
<subScript id="17F334C1FFA5657AFCC6F896FCBFF8B2" attach="right" box="[823,831,1830,1842]" fontSize="5" pageId="55" pageNumber="911">4</subScript>
:
</emphasis>
The paracristid is mesiodistally orientated and dips gently mesially to a raised mesial edge, but with scarcely any representation of a differentiated paraconid (
<figureCitation id="134C2A01FFAA6575FF1EFF76FED1FF5C" box="[239,337,198,220]" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="51.[144,223,198,217]" captionText="Figure 25. Scanning electron micrographs of gold-palladium coated epoxy casts of teeth of Louisina marci sp. nov. (A–K) and Louisina mirabilis Russell, 1964 (L), late Thanetian, France. A, RP4 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-77-MD). B, LM1, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-4325). C, RM2 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-951). D, RM3 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-1143). E, RP3 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-312-L). F, RP4 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-1117). G, holotype LM1, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-235). H, RM2 (reversed), Cernay MNHN.F.CRL-569). I, LM3, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR- 1704-Pn). J, RM1 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-240). K, LM2, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-247). L, RM1 (reversed), bed 5, Berru (MNHN.F.BR-3-L). Views are: buccal (A1, B1, C1, D1, E2, F2, G2, H2, I2), occlusal (A2, B2, C2, D2, E1, F1, G1, H1, I1, J, K), lingual (E3, F3, G3, H3, I3), and distal (B3, L). Scale bar = 2 mm." pageId="56" pageNumber="912">Fig. 25F</figureCitation>
). The talonid is short, but basined and with a distinct hypoconid, unlike
<taxonomicName id="4C774D07FFAA6575FD9FFF55FC83FF79" authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1964" box="[622,771,228,250]" class="Mammalia" family="Louisinidae" genus="Louisina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macroscelidea" pageId="56" pageNumber="912" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mirabilis">
<emphasis id="B903EA96FFAA6575FD9FFF55FC83FF79" box="[622,771,228,250]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="912">L. mirabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Exodaenodonty is strong, but less than in
<taxonomicName id="4C774D07FFAA6575FD64FEB4FF3FFEB7" authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1964" class="Mammalia" family="Louisinidae" genus="Louisina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macroscelidea" pageId="56" pageNumber="912" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mirabilis">
<emphasis id="B903EA96FFAA6575FD64FEB4FF3FFEB7" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="912">L. mirabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In most specimens the metaconid is distinct but variable in size, although always smaller than the protoconid. In SLP.CR-1-De, however, although worn, the metaconid seems to be represented by little more than a short distal protoconid crest as on P
<subScript id="17F334C1FFAA6575FD33FE16FD4AFE32" attach="left" box="[706,714,422,434]" fontSize="5" pageId="56" pageNumber="912">3</subScript>
. The tooth is, however, too large to be a P
<subScript id="17F334C1FFAA6575FDBDFE75FDD4FE51" attach="left" box="[588,596,453,465]" fontSize="5" pageId="56" pageNumber="912">3</subScript>
. Length ranges from
<quantity id="4C8F9B61FFAA6575FF11FE69FE01FE6F" box="[224,385,473,495]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.205" metricValueMax="3.49" metricValueMin="2.92" pageId="56" pageNumber="912" unit="mm" value="3.205" valueMax="3.49" valueMin="2.92">2.92–3.49 mm</quantity>
(mean 3.12) and width from
<quantity id="4C8F9B61FFAA6575FD3CFE69FE87FD8D" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.225" metricValueMax="2.48" metricValueMin="1.97" pageId="56" pageNumber="912" unit="mm" value="2.225" valueMax="2.48" valueMin="1.97">1.97– 2.48 mm</quantity>
(mean 2.22).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC83684FFAA6575FF55FD86FF7BFBF2" blockId="56.[164,779,565,1138]" pageId="56" pageNumber="912">
<emphasis id="B903EA96FFAA6575FF55FD86FF4AFDCB" box="[164,202,566,587]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="912">
M
<subScript id="17F334C1FFAA6575FF4AFD8FFF43FDCB" attach="left" box="[187,195,575,587]" fontSize="5" pageId="56" pageNumber="912">1</subScript>
:
</emphasis>
The talonid is either slightly wider than the trigonid (
<figureCitation id="134C2A01FFAA6575FEE7FDE4FEFDFDE9" box="[278,381,595,618]" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="51.[144,223,198,217]" captionText="Figure 25. Scanning electron micrographs of gold-palladium coated epoxy casts of teeth of Louisina marci sp. nov. (A–K) and Louisina mirabilis Russell, 1964 (L), late Thanetian, France. A, RP4 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-77-MD). B, LM1, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-4325). C, RM2 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-951). D, RM3 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-1143). E, RP3 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-312-L). F, RP4 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-1117). G, holotype LM1, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-235). H, RM2 (reversed), Cernay MNHN.F.CRL-569). I, LM3, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR- 1704-Pn). J, RM1 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-240). K, LM2, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-247). L, RM1 (reversed), bed 5, Berru (MNHN.F.BR-3-L). Views are: buccal (A1, B1, C1, D1, E2, F2, G2, H2, I2), occlusal (A2, B2, C2, D2, E1, F1, G1, H1, I1, J, K), lingual (E3, F3, G3, H3, I3), and distal (B3, L). Scale bar = 2 mm." pageId="56" pageNumber="912">Fig. 25G</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="134C2A01FFAA6575FE8DFDE3FE05FDE9" box="[380,389,595,617]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="1.[144,223,1185,1204]" captionTargetBox="[312,1251,203,1150]" captionTargetId="figure-102@1.[303,1263,195,1156]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figure 1. Dental terminology. A, B, upper molar; C, D, lower molar, all shown as from left side in occlusal view. Mesial is to left; distal is to right; buccal in uppers is above and in lowers below; lingual in uppers is below and in lowers above. A, C, primitive morphotype; B, D, derived morphotype. Some cusps and crests shown in A and C are assumed for B and D, respectively. Some taxa combine some features of the different morphotypes. Abbreviations: co, cristid obliqua; dclm, distal cingulum; ecf, ectoflexus; ecfd, ectoflexid; eclm, ectocingulum; ectsd, ectostylid; entd, entoconid; entf, entoflexus; entld, entoconulid; ents, entostyle; hyd, hypoconid; hyfd, hypoflexid; hyld, hypoconulid; hyp, hypocone; hyphd, hypolophid; mbstd, mesiobuccal stylid; mclm, mesial cingulum; mes, mesostyle; mesd, mesoconid; mestd, mesostylid; met, metacone; metclm, metacingulum; metd, metaconid; metle, metaconule; metph, metaloph; mets, metastyle; pacd, paracristid; paclm, paracingulum; pad, paraconid; par, paracone; parle, paraconule; pas, parastyle; pocld, postcingulid; poclm, postcingulum; pof, postflexus; poentcd, postentocristid; pohycd, posthypocristid; pomec, postmetacrista; pometcd, postmetacristid; pometlc, postmetaconule crista; popac, postparacrista; poparlc, postparaconule crista; poprc, postprotocrista; precld, precingulid; preclm, precingulum; preentcd, pre-entocristid; pref, preflexus; premec, premetacrista; premetcd, premetacristid; premetlc, premetaconule crista; prepac, preparacrista; preparlc, preparaconule crista; preprc, preprotocrista; procd, protocristid; prot, protocone; protd, protoconid; prs, protostyle; prtph, protoloph; prtphd, protolophid; tb, trigon basin; tgb, trigonid basin; tlb, talonid basin. Tooth abbreviations in text: I, incisor; C, canine; P, premolar; M, molar; DP, deciduous premolar." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5407242" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5407242/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="912">1</figureCitation>
) or the two are approximately equal in width. The talonid is also slightly shorter than the trigonid, but almost as high (
<figureCitation id="134C2A01FFAA6575FDACFD21FD41FD27" box="[605,705,657,679]" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="51.[144,223,198,217]" captionText="Figure 25. Scanning electron micrographs of gold-palladium coated epoxy casts of teeth of Louisina marci sp. nov. (A–K) and Louisina mirabilis Russell, 1964 (L), late Thanetian, France. A, RP4 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-77-MD). B, LM1, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-4325). C, RM2 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-951). D, RM3 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-1143). E, RP3 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-312-L). F, RP4 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-1117). G, holotype LM1, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-235). H, RM2 (reversed), Cernay MNHN.F.CRL-569). I, LM3, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR- 1704-Pn). J, RM1 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-240). K, LM2, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-247). L, RM1 (reversed), bed 5, Berru (MNHN.F.BR-3-L). Views are: buccal (A1, B1, C1, D1, E2, F2, G2, H2, I2), occlusal (A2, B2, C2, D2, E1, F1, G1, H1, I1, J, K), lingual (E3, F3, G3, H3, I3), and distal (B3, L). Scale bar = 2 mm." pageId="56" pageNumber="912">Fig. 25G</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="134C2A01FFAA6575FD30FD21FD4FFD27" box="[705,719,657,679]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="4.[164,243,1510,1529]" captionTargetBox="[323,1283,194,1480]" captionTargetId="figure-112@4.[323,1283,194,1480]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 2. Scanning electron micrographs of gold-palladium coated epoxy casts of teeth and jaw of Walbeckodon krumbiegeli gen. et sp. nov., Palaeocene, Walbeck, Germany. A, paratype LP3 (MLU.Wa/363). B, paratype composite dentition, LP4, LM1, LM2, LM3 (MLU.Wa/386). C, holotype left dentary with P –M (MLU.Wa104.2011). Views are: buccal 4 3 (A1, B1, C2), occlusal (A2, B2, C1), and lingual (C3). Scale bar = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5407244" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5407244/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="912">2</figureCitation>
, G
<figureCitation id="134C2A01FFAA6575FD00FD21FD7EFD27" box="[753,766,657,679]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[144,223,1340,1359]" captionTargetBox="[367,1199,196,1310]" captionTargetId="figure-215@5.[367,1199,196,1310]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. Scanning electron micrographs of gold-palladium coated epoxy casts of jaws of Walbeckodon krumbiegeli gen. et sp. nov., Palaeocene, Walbeck, Germany. A, paratype left dentary with P4–M2 (MLU.Wa/387). B, paratype left dentary with P3–4 (MLU.Wa/417). Views are: buccal (A1, B1), occlusal (A2, B2), and lingual (B3). Scale bar = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5407246" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5407246/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="912">3</figureCitation>
). The premetacristid is consistently present and joins or almost joins the tiny paraconid, which is lower on the crown than in
<taxonomicName id="4C774D07FFAA6575FE62FD5DFDA0FC82" authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1964" box="[403,544,749,770]" class="Mammalia" family="Louisinidae" genus="Louisina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macroscelidea" pageId="56" pageNumber="912" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mirabilis">
<emphasis id="B903EA96FFAA6575FE62FD5DFDA0FC82" box="[403,544,749,770]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="912">L. mirabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. An entoconulid of variable size is present on most specimens. The paracristid slopes mesially more steeply than in
<taxonomicName id="4C774D07FFAA6575FD02FC9AFE8CFCDD" authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1964" class="Mammalia" family="Louisinidae" genus="Louisina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macroscelidea" pageId="56" pageNumber="912" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mirabilis">
<emphasis id="B903EA96FFAA6575FD02FC9AFE8CFCDD" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="912">L. mirabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, consistent with the lack of a shearing P
<subScript id="17F334C1FFAA6575FF45FCC1FF3CFCFD" attach="left" box="[180,188,881,893]" fontSize="5" pageId="56" pageNumber="912">4</subScript>
–M
<subScript id="17F334C1FFAA6575FF10FCC1FF69FCFD" attach="left" box="[225,233,881,893]" fontSize="5" pageId="56" pageNumber="912">1</subScript>
complex in
<taxonomicName id="4C774D07FFAA6575FE78FCD8FE71FCFD" authorityName="Hooker &amp; Russell" authorityYear="2012" box="[393,497,872,893]" class="Mammalia" family="Louisinidae" genus="Louisina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macroscelidea" pageId="56" pageNumber="912" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marci">
<emphasis id="B903EA96FFAA6575FE78FCD8FE71FCFD" box="[393,497,872,893]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="912">L. marci</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In three out of
<specimenCount id="9D71FD0DFFAA6575FD20FCD7FE99FC1C" pageId="56" pageNumber="912" type="generic">eight specimens</specimenCount>
the precingulid joins the paracristid. MNHN.F.BRL-29-G is unusual in having a sharp bulge projecting buccally from the base of the hypoconid. It is preceded by a weak ectostylid and lacks an entoconulid. Although appearing pathological, another M
<subScript id="17F334C1FFAA6575FEEFFB99FEA6FBB5" attach="left" box="[286,294,1065,1077]" fontSize="5" pageId="56" pageNumber="912">1</subScript>
from the same side of the jaw, therefore belonging to another individual (CR-71-Ro), is very similar.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC83684FFAA6575FF55FB2AFE07FA23" blockId="56.[164,779,1177,1444]" pageId="56" pageNumber="912">
<emphasis id="B903EA96FFAA6575FF55FB2AFF4AFB2F" box="[164,202,1178,1199]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="912">
M
<subScript id="17F334C1FFAA6575FF4AFB13FF43FB2F" attach="left" box="[187,195,1187,1199]" fontSize="5" pageId="56" pageNumber="912">2</subScript>
:
</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B1F3CD9FFAA6575FF29FB29FE00FA23" collectionCode="MNHN" collectorName="Unlike M &amp; They" pageId="56" pageNumber="912" specimenCount="11">
<collectionCode id="ED66AE41FFAA6575FF29FB29FEAFFB2F" box="[216,303,1177,1199]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="56" pageNumber="912">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.CRL-569 from Lemoine’s collection is the best preserved and least worn (
<figureCitation id="134C2A01FFAA6575FDC8FB08FD20FB4D" box="[569,672,1207,1230]" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="51.[144,223,198,217]" captionText="Figure 25. Scanning electron micrographs of gold-palladium coated epoxy casts of teeth of Louisina marci sp. nov. (A–K) and Louisina mirabilis Russell, 1964 (L), late Thanetian, France. A, RP4 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-77-MD). B, LM1, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-4325). C, RM2 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-951). D, RM3 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-1143). E, RP3 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-312-L). F, RP4 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-1117). G, holotype LM1, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-235). H, RM2 (reversed), Cernay MNHN.F.CRL-569). I, LM3, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR- 1704-Pn). J, RM1 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-240). K, LM2, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-247). L, RM1 (reversed), bed 5, Berru (MNHN.F.BR-3-L). Views are: buccal (A1, B1, C1, D1, E2, F2, G2, H2, I2), occlusal (A2, B2, C2, D2, E1, F1, G1, H1, I1, J, K), lingual (E3, F3, G3, H3, I3), and distal (B3, L). Scale bar = 2 mm." pageId="56" pageNumber="912">Fig. 25H</figureCitation>
). M
<subScript id="17F334C1FFAA6575FD3BFB72FD52FB4E" attach="both" box="[714,722,1218,1230]" fontSize="5" pageId="56" pageNumber="912">2</subScript>
s are larger than M
<subScript id="17F334C1FFAA6575FEB8FB50FED1FB6C" attach="right" box="[329,337,1248,1260]" fontSize="5" pageId="56" pageNumber="912">1</subScript>
s and with a talonid that is distinctly narrower, shorter, and lower than the trigonid, although the difference is somewhat variable. In three out of
<specimenCount id="9D71FD0DFFAA6575FECFFA82FE59FAC8" box="[318,473,1330,1352]" pageId="56" pageNumber="912" type="generic">11 specimens</specimenCount>
the precingulid joins the paracristid.
<collectorName id="26825352FFAA6575FEDEFAE1FE1CFAE6" box="[303,412,1361,1383]" pageId="56" pageNumber="912">Unlike M</collectorName>
<subScript id="17F334C1FFAA6575FE6DFAEBFE24FAE7" attach="left" box="[412,420,1371,1383]" fontSize="5" pageId="56" pageNumber="912">1</subScript>
, all M
<subScript id="17F334C1FFAA6575FE1EFAEBFE77FAE7" attach="right" box="[495,503,1371,1383]" fontSize="5" pageId="56" pageNumber="912">2</subScript>
s observed lack an entoconulid.
<collectorName id="26825352FFAA6575FEF8FADFFEC2FA05" box="[265,322,1391,1413]" pageId="56" pageNumber="912">They</collectorName>
also differ in this way from the three M
<subScript id="17F334C1FFAA6575FF4AFA28FF43FA24" attach="both" box="[187,195,1432,1444]" fontSize="5" pageId="56" pageNumber="912">2</subScript>
s of
<taxonomicName id="4C774D07FFAA6575FF06FA3EFE00FA23" authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1964" box="[247,384,1422,1443]" class="Mammalia" family="Louisinidae" genus="Louisina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macroscelidea" pageId="56" pageNumber="912" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mirabilis">
<emphasis id="B903EA96FFAA6575FF06FA3EFE00FA23" box="[247,384,1422,1443]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="912">L. mirabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC83684FFAA6575FF55FA7CFDE9F956" blockId="56.[164,779,1483,1750]" pageId="56" pageNumber="912">
<emphasis id="B903EA96FFAA6575FF55FA7CFF4AFA61" box="[164,202,1484,1505]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="912">
M
<subScript id="17F334C1FFAA6575FF4AFA65FF43FA61" attach="left" box="[187,195,1493,1505]" fontSize="5" pageId="56" pageNumber="912">3</subScript>
:
</emphasis>
All specimens observed are similar in crown height to the lower crowned variants of
<taxonomicName id="4C774D07FFAA6575FD8AFA5AFC83FA7F" authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1964" box="[635,771,1514,1535]" class="Mammalia" family="Louisinidae" genus="Louisina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macroscelidea" pageId="56" pageNumber="912" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mirabilis">
<emphasis id="B903EA96FFAA6575FD8AFA5AFC83FA7F" box="[635,771,1514,1535]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="912">L. mirabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, although they differ in having slightly more steeply mesially sloping paracristids, a normal notched protocristid, and no precingulid (
<figureCitation id="134C2A01FFAA6575FE07F9F5FDD1F9DB" box="[502,593,1605,1627]" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="51.[144,223,198,217]" captionText="Figure 25. Scanning electron micrographs of gold-palladium coated epoxy casts of teeth of Louisina marci sp. nov. (A–K) and Louisina mirabilis Russell, 1964 (L), late Thanetian, France. A, RP4 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-77-MD). B, LM1, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-4325). C, RM2 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-951). D, RM3 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-1143). E, RP3 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-312-L). F, RP4 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-1117). G, holotype LM1, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-235). H, RM2 (reversed), Cernay MNHN.F.CRL-569). I, LM3, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR- 1704-Pn). J, RM1 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-240). K, LM2, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-247). L, RM1 (reversed), bed 5, Berru (MNHN.F.BR-3-L). Views are: buccal (A1, B1, C1, D1, E2, F2, G2, H2, I2), occlusal (A2, B2, C2, D2, E1, F1, G1, H1, I1, J, K), lingual (E3, F3, G3, H3, I3), and distal (B3, L). Scale bar = 2 mm." pageId="56" pageNumber="912">Fig. 25I</figureCitation>
). There is slight variation in the relative sizes of trigonid and talonid, but this is less marked than in
<taxonomicName id="4C774D07FFAA6575FDEFF933FD28F918" authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1964" box="[542,680,1667,1688]" class="Mammalia" family="Louisinidae" genus="Louisina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macroscelidea" pageId="56" pageNumber="912" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mirabilis">
<emphasis id="B903EA96FFAA6575FDEFF933FD28F918" box="[542,680,1667,1688]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="912">L. mirabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Length ranges from
<quantity id="4C8F9B61FFAA6575FECAF911FE5AF937" box="[315,474,1697,1719]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8499999999999996" metricValueMax="3.11" metricValueMin="2.59" pageId="56" pageNumber="912" unit="mm" value="2.8499999999999996" valueMax="3.11" valueMin="2.59">2.59–3.11 mm</quantity>
(mean 2.95) and trigonid width from
<quantity id="4C8F9B61FFAA6575FEDFF970FE4FF955" box="[302,463,1728,1750]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.355" metricValueMax="2.56" metricValueMin="2.15" pageId="56" pageNumber="912" unit="mm" value="2.355" valueMax="2.56" valueMin="2.15">2.15–2.56 mm</quantity>
(mean 2.38).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC83684FFAA6575FF55F94EFBE8FD8E" blockId="56.[164,779,1787,1903]" lastBlockId="56.[826,1441,198,526]" pageId="56" pageNumber="912">
<emphasis id="B903EA96FFAA6575FF55F94EFF57F893" box="[164,215,1787,1811]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="912">
DP
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:
</emphasis>
The tooth is
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long by 3.00 mm wide and trapeziform in outline (
<figureCitation id="134C2A01FFAA6575FE4AF8ACFD9AF8B2" box="[443,538,1820,1842]" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="55.[144,223,198,217]" captionText="Figure 26. Scanning electron micrographs of gold-palladium coated epoxy casts of teeth and jaws of Teilhardimys brisswalteri sp. nov. (A–I) and Louisina marci sp. nov. (J), late Thanetian, France. A, holotype LP4, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-4400). B, left maxilla with M1–3, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-265-Bn). C, LP4, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-11888). D, RP3 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-285-Bn). E, RP4 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-1264). F, LM1, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR- 234). G, left dentary with M2–3, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-3-Bw). H, right dentary with P4–M1 (reversed), bed 4, Berru (MNHN.F.BRL-198-P). I, RDP4 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-343-Ph). J, LDP4, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-4397). Views are: buccal (A1, B1, D2, E2, F2, G2, I1, J1), occlusal (A2, B2, C, D1, E1, F1, I2, J2), and lingual (D3, G3, H). Scale bar = 2 mm. ·" pageId="56" pageNumber="912">Fig. 26J</figureCitation>
). It is smaller, relatively narrower, and lower crowned than M
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and with a larger parastyle, as expected of a DP
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. The base of the paracone is broken but the metacone shows an exodaenodont lobe like M
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. The hypocone is slightly smaller than the protocone and is joined by a crest to the postprotocrista as on many M
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s. The metaconule has no crests. There is a postparaconule crista but no preparaconule crista. The precingulum ends lingually with a protostyle. The paracone and metacone are closer together than on M
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. DP
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of
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Te.
<taxonomicName id="4C774D07FFAA6575FAC4FE2CFA21FE31" baseAuthorityName="Teilhard de Chardin" baseAuthorityYear="1927" box="[1333,1441,412,433]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyopsodontidae" genus="Teilhardimys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Condylarthra" pageId="56" pageNumber="912" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="musculus">musculus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
differs in having more widely separated paracone and metacone, less trapeziform outline, a larger hypocone, and a complete metaloph.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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