758 lines
100 KiB
XML
758 lines
100 KiB
XML
<document id="02397918F3CB6946AE606B5E3BC7EFE2" ID-CLB-Dataset="4208" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2021.767.1487" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9e3374a3-73e0-4609-a80d-0de905904a37" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5528134" ID-ZooBank="A875DB79-C0E1-4C79-A9D0-87CE1464503A" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1631927462119" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Pholyotha, Arthit, Sutcharit, Chirasak, Tongkerd, Piyoros & Panha, Somsak" docDate="2021" docId="03DE8788A425FFA43889FCEAFC764665" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-767_55-82.pdf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 767" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.767.1487" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Aenigmatoconcha eunetis Pholyotha & Panha, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="98AD360F-93A3-4A8E-BE1A-5C991DBC358F" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="77" masterDocId="FFE7FFF0A434FFB2395FFF91FF9D4036" masterDocTitle="Systematic revision of the limestone karst-restricted land snail genus Aenigmatoconcha (Eupulmonata: Helicarionidae), with description of a new species" masterLastPageNumber="82" masterPageNumber="55" pageNumber="72" updateTime="1699449527824" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="310723E6E8FE6FDEBD50D26E52AAD8D8">Systematic revision of the limestone karst-restricted land snail genus Aenigmatoconcha (Eupulmonata: Helicarionidae), with description of a new species</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="C46F956755420D2750994904F0AF8234" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="D8CCFF0A7CF91B86CF91F099E1705F6F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="5A3BA248909EA75A724CCA72ECF5867D">Pholyotha, Arthit</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="31E18EF1852273C38E38A3DD27E020EC">Animal Systematics Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="A1A173B9071A0BE3FE9F23F87780B931" type="email">arthitpolyotha@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="37D841C722253413545F5B37BEAF263B">Sutcharit, Chirasak</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="AD55A3763E778963CE3C0399D6D848A0">Animal Systematics Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="EDCBFA8912DBA44F390F5B341F6F6057" type="email">jirasak4@yahoo.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="0913A2965AFDF5F39063FA98F515CE60">Tongkerd, Piyoros</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="8C59F6ED7E4CB69E4A0EC58A98F15A74">Animal Systematics Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="EFCA2D7C93F14CC3ED2B292A50E23591" type="email">piyorose@hotmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="AB70B4D8822519B3A20AABDBB1652A5F">Panha, Somsak</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="384D5627C4886B096A5F72C1DA0202AF">Academy of Science, The Royal Society of Thailand, Bangkok 10300, Thailand.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="DDDF13C1FCC7E9679EAA2B0862C4AC0E" type="email">somsak.pan@chula.ac.th</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="89AEAC99FB9D36F0140C1CB5461A5B6B">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="093E7CA935830750DC180F0C4407E46A">
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<mods:date id="0021A5E0BCCD134A70E2B581405EC607">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="F8374F3697EDB561181011285EAC4205">2021-09-10</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="788BE9253E5086FAA5B8BB0393FB5162">767</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="A8503DCA0B10A3962F08869656811F85">http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.767.1487</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier id="54D6C680396845FC0CEE379398F26290" type="CLB-Dataset">4208</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03DE8788A425FFA43889FCEAFC764665" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5528140" ID-GBIF-Taxon="188498261" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5528140" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:98AD360F-93A3-4A8E-BE1A-5C991DBC358F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DE8788A425FFA43889FCEAFC764665" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="77" pageId="17" pageNumber="72">
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<subSubSection id="C36D6515A425FFA33889FCEAFBC343A0" box="[470,1118,891,918]" pageId="17" pageNumber="72" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BC8369EA425FFA33889FCEAFBC343A0" blockId="17.[358,1229,891,988]" box="[470,1118,891,918]" pageId="17" pageNumber="72">
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<heading id="D08081F2A425FFA33889FCEAFBC343A0" box="[470,1118,891,918]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="72" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C774D1DA425FFA33889FCEAFC6143A3" ID-CoL="8QGKP" authority="Pholyotha & Panha" authorityName="Pholyotha & Panha" box="[470,1020,891,918]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Aenigmatoconcha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="17" pageNumber="72" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="eunetis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B903EA8CA425FFA33889FCEAFC8D43A3" bold="true" box="[470,784,891,918]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="72">Aenigmatoconcha eunetis</emphasis>
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Pholyotha & Panha
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23057F7A425FFA33D5CFCEDFBC343A0" box="[1027,1118,892,918]" pageId="17" pageNumber="72" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C36D6515A425FFA33839FC0FFC2143EA" pageId="17" pageNumber="72" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BC8369EA425FFA33839FC0FFB50438F" blockId="17.[358,1229,891,988]" box="[358,1229,926,953]" pageId="17" pageNumber="72">
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<uri id="FFE63A9CA425FFA33839FC0FFB50438F" box="[358,1229,926,953]" pageId="17" pageNumber="72">
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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<uuid id="FFD10C4BA425FFA33BD8FC0FFB50438F" box="[647,1229,926,953]" pageId="17" pageNumber="72">98AD360F-93A3-4A8E-BE1A-5C991DBC358F</uuid>
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</uri>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC8369EA425FFA33B28FC53FC2143EA" blockId="17.[358,1229,891,988]" box="[631,956,962,988]" pageId="17" pageNumber="72">
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<figureCitation id="134C2A1BA425FFA33B28FC53FD5D43EA" box="[631,704,962,988]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[189,232,1962,1988]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,678,1922]" captionTargetId="figure-108@2.[189,1398,678,1922]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Geographic distribution of four species of Aenigmatoconcha Tumpeesuwan & Tumpeesuwan, 2017 based on specimens examined herein." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5528136" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5528136/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="72">Figs 1</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="134C2A1BA425FFA33B90FC53FC8943EA" box="[719,788,962,988]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[189,232,1790,1816]" captionTargetBox="[189,1397,265,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-14@6.[189,1398,265,1744]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 2. Maximum likelihood tree of Aenigmatoconcha Tumpeesuwan & Tumpeesuwan, 2017 based on the COI gene dataset. Numbers on nodes indicate the ML bootstrap values (left) and Bayesian posterior probabilities (right) values. Pictures of living snails are not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5528138" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5528138/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="72">2F–H</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="134C2A1BA425FFA33A7FFC53FCFC43EA" box="[800,865,962,988]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[189,232,1600,1626]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,265,1563]" captionTargetId="figure-14@16.[189,1398,265,1563]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 7. Shells of Aenigmatoconcha spp. A–D. A. sumonthai Tumpeesuwan & Tumpeesuwan, 2018. A–B. Specimen CUMZ 7922 from the type locality. C–D. Specimen CUMZ 7937 from the type locality showing the calcareous epiphragm with a small perforation (white arrows). Only shell (C) and living (D) specimens in both lateral and ventral views. E–F. A. eunetis Pholyotha & Panha sp. nov. E. Holotype CUMZ 7931. F. Paratype CUMZ 7933 from Uthai Thani Province." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5528152" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5528152/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="72">7E–F</figureCitation>
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,
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||
<figureCitation id="134C2A1BA425FFA33A33FC53FCE043EA" box="[876,893,962,988]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="20.[189,232,1784,1810]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,265,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-14@20.[189,1398,265,1744]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig. 9. Genital system of Aenigmatoconcha eunetis Pholyotha & Panha sp. nov., paratype CUMZ 7933 from Uthai Thani Province. A. General view of genitalia. B. Internal structure of penis; inset showing penial sculpture. C. Internal structure of epiphallus and epiphallic caecum. White arrow indicates the junction between the penis and epiphallus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5528156" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5528156/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="72">9</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="134C2A1BA425FFA33AD6FC53FC2143EA" box="[905,956,962,988]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="21.[189,232,1823,1849]" captionTargetBox="[194,1394,950,1780]" captionTargetId="figure-243@21.[189,1398,945,1784]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig. 10. Radula morphology of Aenigmatoconcha spp. A. A. clivicola Tumpeesuwan & Tumpeesuwan, 2017, specimen CUMZ 7929 from Loei Province. B. A. mitis (Pfeiffer, 1863) comb. nov., specimen CUMZ 7687 from Kanchanaburi Province. C. A. sumonthai Tumpeesuwan & Tumpeesuwan, 2018, specimen CUMZ 7922 from Chumphon Province. D. A. eunetis Pholyotha & Panha sp. nov., paratype CUMZ 7933 from Uthai Thani Province. Central tooth in yellow. Scale bars: A–C = 100 μm; D = 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5528158" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5528158/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="72">10D</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36D6515A425FFA339E2FB92FBDF44A4" pageId="17" pageNumber="72" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BC8369EA425FFA339E2FB92FEAB442B" blockId="17.[189,310,1027,1053]" box="[189,310,1027,1053]" pageId="17" pageNumber="72">
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<heading id="D08081F2A425FFA339E2FB92FEAB442B" bold="true" box="[189,310,1027,1053]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="72" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="B903EA8CA425FFA339E2FB92FEAB442B" bold="true" box="[189,310,1027,1053]" pageId="17" pageNumber="72">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC8369EA425FFA339E2FBA3FBDF44A4" blockId="17.[189,1399,1074,1171]" pageId="17" pageNumber="72">Shell medium-sized and pale yellowish white. Aperture ovate-lunate in shape and vertically open. Genitalia with very long and slender penis with many tiny conical penial pilasters inside. Radular teeth arranged in wide-angle U-shaped row, teeth with oblong shape, monocuspid.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C36D6515A425FFA339E2FB2BFDF74513" pageId="17" pageNumber="72" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8BC8369EA425FFA339E2FB2BFED944E2" blockId="17.[189,324,1210,1236]" box="[189,324,1210,1236]" pageId="17" pageNumber="72">
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<heading id="D08081F2A425FFA339E2FB2BFED944E2" bold="true" box="[189,324,1210,1236]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="72" reason="3">
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||
<emphasis id="B903EA8CA425FFA339E2FB2BFED944E2" bold="true" box="[189,324,1210,1236]" pageId="17" pageNumber="72">Etymology</emphasis>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC8369EA425FFA339E2FB79FDF74513" blockId="17.[189,1398,1256,1318]" pageId="17" pageNumber="72">
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The specific name ʻ
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<taxonomicName id="4C774D1DA425FFA338FCFB78FE6A4534" box="[419,503,1257,1282]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Aenigmatoconcha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="17" pageNumber="72" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="eunetis">
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<emphasis id="B903EA8CA425FFA338FCFB78FE6A4534" box="[419,503,1257,1282]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="72">eunetis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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ʼ is from the Greek word meaning ʻspousesʼ, honouring the authors of genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C774D1DA425FFA339E2FA9AFE0E4513" authorityName="Tumpeesuwan & Tumpeesuwan" authorityYear="2017" box="[189,403,1291,1317]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Aenigmatoconcha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="17" pageNumber="72" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B903EA8CA425FFA339E2FA9AFE0E4513" box="[189,403,1291,1317]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="72">Aenigmatoconcha</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, who are married.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C36D6515A425FFA339E2FADCFD5A4704" pageId="17" pageNumber="72" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="8BC8369EA425FFA339E2FADCFE374551" blockId="17.[189,426,1357,1383]" box="[189,426,1357,1383]" pageId="17" pageNumber="72">
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||
<heading id="D08081F2A425FFA339E2FADCFE374551" bold="true" box="[189,426,1357,1383]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="72" reason="3">
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||
<emphasis id="B903EA8CA425FFA339E2FADCFE374551" bold="true" box="[189,426,1357,1383]" pageId="17" pageNumber="72">Material examined</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BC8369EA425FFA339B5FAEAFB7B45EA" blockId="17.[188,1399,1403,1500]" pageId="17" pageNumber="72">
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<materialsCitation id="3B1F3CC3A425FFA339B5FAEAFB7B45EA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3357771323" collectionCode="CUMZ" country="Thailand" county="Lan Sak District" latitude="15.433416" location="Lan Sak District" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="99.58853" municipality="Limestone" pageId="17" pageNumber="72" specimenCode="CUMZ 7931" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Uthai Thani Province" typeStatus="holotype">
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||
<emphasis id="B903EA8CA425FFA339B5FAEAFEC145A3" bold="true" box="[234,348,1403,1429]" pageId="17" pageNumber="72">
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<typeStatus id="54CC883CA425FFA339B5FAEAFEC145A3" box="[234,348,1403,1429]" pageId="17" pageNumber="72" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="F360760EA425FFA339E2FA0EFEC8458F" box="[189,341,1439,1465]" name="Thailand" pageId="17" pageNumber="72">THAILAND</collectingCountry>
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•
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<specimenCount id="9D71FD17A425FFA33834FA0EFE07458E" box="[363,410,1438,1465]" pageId="17" pageNumber="72">1 sh</specimenCount>
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(width
|
||
<quantity id="4C8F9B7BA425FFA338ACFA0EFDC3458F" box="[499,606,1439,1465]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.39" pageId="17" pageNumber="72" unit="mm" value="13.9">13.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
, height
|
||
<quantity id="4C8F9B7BA425FFA33BE8FA0EFC88458F" box="[695,789,1439,1465]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.4" pageId="17" pageNumber="72" unit="mm" value="7.4">7.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
);
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B3F87CA425FFA33A77FA0FFBB9458E" box="[808,1060,1438,1464]" country="Thailand" name="Uthai Thani" pageId="17" pageNumber="72">Uthai Thani Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62A94E12A425FFA33D70FA0EFB6D458E" box="[1071,1264,1438,1465]" pageId="17" pageNumber="72">Lan Sak District</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<locationDeviation id="9A7A2FBCA425FFA33DA4FA0FFD5245EA" pageId="17" pageNumber="72">Limestone outcrops at Tham Namthip Bureau of Monks</locationDeviation>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE435059A425FFA33B84FA51FC1B45EA" box="[731,902,1472,1500]" degrees="15" direction="north" minutes="26" orientation="latitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="72" precision="1" seconds="00.3" value="15.433416">15°26′00.3″ N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE435059A425FFA33ACDFA51FBA645EA" box="[914,1083,1472,1500]" degrees="99" direction="east" minutes="35" orientation="longitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="72" precision="1" seconds="18.7" value="99.58853">99°35′18.7″ E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBD19EE5A425FFA33D18FA53FB7C45EA" box="[1095,1249,1474,1500]" collectionCode="CUMZ" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/da58-p0xp" name="Cameroon University, Museum of Zoology" pageId="17" pageNumber="72">CUMZ 7931</specimenCode>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC8369EA425FFA339B5F992FB0A4652" blockId="17.[188,1398,1539,1636]" pageId="17" pageNumber="72">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B1F3CC3A425FFA339B5F992FBB54677" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3357771316" collectionCode="CUMZ" country="Thailand" county="Lan Sak District" latitude="15.433416" location="THAILAND" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="99.58853" municipality="Limestone" pageId="17" pageNumber="72" specimenCode="CUMZ 7933" specimenCount="8" stateProvince="Uthai Thani" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA8CA425FFA339B5F992FEFA462B" bold="true" box="[234,359,1539,1565]" pageId="17" pageNumber="72">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CC883CA425FFA339B5F992FEFA462B" box="[234,359,1539,1565]" pageId="17" pageNumber="72" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F360760EA425FFA339E2F9B6FEC84677" box="[189,341,1575,1601]" name="Thailand" pageId="17" pageNumber="72">THAILAND</collectingCountry>
|
||
•
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D71FD17A425FFA33834F9B6FE014676" box="[363,412,1574,1601]" pageId="17" pageNumber="72">1 sh</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D71FD17A425FFA338F8F9B6FE444677" box="[423,473,1575,1601]" pageId="17" pageNumber="72">7 sp</specimenCount>
|
||
; same collection data as for holotype;
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBD19EE5A425FFA33ACDF9B6FBB54677" box="[914,1064,1575,1601]" collectionCode="CUMZ" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/da58-p0xp" name="Cameroon University, Museum of Zoology" pageId="17" pageNumber="72">CUMZ 7933</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
•
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B1F3CC3A425FFA33D61F9B6FD8F4652" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3357771315" collectionCode="CUMZ" country="Thailand" county="Lan Sak District" latitude="15.433416" location="Tham Namthip Bureau of Monks" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="99.58853" municipality="Limestone" pageId="17" pageNumber="72" specimenCode="CUMZ 7932" specimenCount="12" stateProvince="Uthai Thani" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D71FD17A425FFA33D61F9B6FBE34677" box="[1086,1150,1575,1601]" pageId="17" pageNumber="72">12 sp</specimenCount>
|
||
; same collection data as for holotype;
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBD19EE5A425FFA33824F9DBFD8F4652" box="[379,530,1610,1636]" collectionCode="CUMZ" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/da58-p0xp" name="Cameroon University, Museum of Zoology" pageId="17" pageNumber="72">CUMZ 7932</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
•
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B1F3CC3A425FFA33B74F9DBFB094652" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3357771328" box="[555,1172,1610,1636]" collectionCode="NHMUK" country="Thailand" county="Lan Sak District" latitude="15.433416" location="Tham Namthip Bureau of Monks" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="99.58853" municipality="Limestone" pageId="17" pageNumber="72" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Uthai Thani" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D71FD17A425FFA33B74F9DBFDC34652" box="[555,606,1610,1636]" pageId="17" pageNumber="72">2 sh</specimenCount>
|
||
; same collection data as for holotype;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED66AE5BA425FFA33D7EF9DBFB094652" box="[1057,1172,1610,1636]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="17" pageNumber="72" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC8369EA425FFA339B5F91AFE3B4693" blockId="17.[188,1399,1675,1842]" box="[234,422,1675,1701]" pageId="17" pageNumber="72">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA8CA425FFA339B5F91AFE3B4693" bold="true" box="[234,422,1675,1701]" pageId="17" pageNumber="72">Other material</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC8369EA425FFA339E2F93FFD5A4704" blockId="17.[188,1399,1675,1842]" pageId="17" pageNumber="72">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B1F3CC3A425FFA339E2F93FFD5F46DA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3357771306" collectionCode="CUMZ" country="Thailand" county="Lan Sak District" latitude="15.376805" location="Lan Sak District" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="99.63042" municipality="Limestone" pageId="17" pageNumber="72" specimenCode="CUMZ 7934" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Uthai Thani Province">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F360760EA425FFA339E2F93FFEC846FE" box="[189,341,1710,1736]" name="Thailand" pageId="17" pageNumber="72">THAILAND</collectingCountry>
|
||
•
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D71FD17A425FFA33826F93FFE2F46FF" box="[377,434,1710,1737]" pageId="17" pageNumber="72">1 sp</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B3F87CA425FFA3389AF93FFD5246FE" box="[453,719,1710,1736]" country="Thailand" name="Uthai Thani" pageId="17" pageNumber="72">Uthai Thani Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62A94E12A425FFA33BBEF93EFC2D46FE" box="[737,944,1710,1737]" pageId="17" pageNumber="72">Lan Sak District</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<locationDeviation id="9A7A2FBCA425FFA33A9DF93FFAEF46FF" box="[962,1394,1710,1737]" pageId="17" pageNumber="72">Limestone outcrops at Hup Pa Tat</locationDeviation>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE435059A425FFA339E2F941FEF446DA" box="[189,361,1744,1772]" degrees="15" direction="north" minutes="22" orientation="latitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="72" precision="1" seconds="36.5" value="15.376805">15°22′36.5″ N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE435059A425FFA3382AF941FD8346DA" box="[373,542,1744,1772]" degrees="99" direction="east" minutes="37" orientation="longitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="72" precision="1" seconds="49.5" value="99.63042">99°37′49.5″ E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBD19EE5A425FFA33B74F943FD5F46DA" box="[555,706,1746,1772]" collectionCode="CUMZ" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/da58-p0xp" name="Cameroon University, Museum of Zoology" pageId="17" pageNumber="72">CUMZ 7934</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
•
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B1F3CC3A425FFA33B84F940FAEA46DA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3357771319" box="[731,1399,1745,1772]" collectionCode="CUMZ" country="Thailand" county="Lan Sak District" latitude="15.376805" location="Hup Pa Tat" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="99.63042" municipality="Limestone" pageId="17" pageNumber="72" specimenCode="CUMZ 7935" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Uthai Thani">
|
||
6 sp; same collection data as for preceding;
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBD19EE5A425FFA33D80F943FAEA46DA" box="[1247,1399,1745,1772]" collectionCode="CUMZ" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/da58-p0xp" name="Cameroon University, Museum of Zoology" pageId="17" pageNumber="72">CUMZ 7935</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
•
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B1F3CC3A425FFA33991F964FD5E4704" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3357771303" collectionCode="CUMZ" country="Thailand" county="Nong Chang District" latitude="15.302195" location="Nong Chang District" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="99.684586" municipality="Limestone" pageId="17" pageNumber="72" specimenCode="CUMZ 7936" specimenCount="30" stateProvince="Uthai Thani Province">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D71FD17A425FFA33991F964FE9D4739" box="[206,256,1781,1807]" pageId="17" pageNumber="72">3 sh</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D71FD17A425FFA33854F964FED64739" box="[267,331,1781,1807]" pageId="17" pageNumber="72">27 sp</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B3F87CA425FFA33808F964FDC94739" box="[343,596,1781,1807]" country="Thailand" name="Uthai Thani" pageId="17" pageNumber="72">Uthai Thani Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62A94E12A425FFA33B00F964FCC94739" box="[607,852,1781,1807]" pageId="17" pageNumber="72">Nong Chang District</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<locationDeviation id="9A7A2FBCA425FFA33A00F964FAEF4739" box="[863,1394,1781,1807]" pageId="17" pageNumber="72">Limestone outcrops at Wat Khao Bang Kraek</locationDeviation>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE435059A425FFA339E3F887FEF54704" box="[188,360,1814,1842]" degrees="15" direction="north" minutes="18" orientation="latitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="72" precision="1" seconds="07.9" value="15.302195">15°18′07.9″ N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE435059A425FFA3382BF887FD814704" box="[372,540,1814,1842]" degrees="99" direction="east" minutes="41" orientation="longitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="72" precision="1" seconds="04.5" value="99.684586">99°41′04.5″ E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBD19EE5A425FFA33B76F889FD5E4704" box="[553,707,1816,1842]" collectionCode="CUMZ" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/da58-p0xp" name="Cameroon University, Museum of Zoology" pageId="17" pageNumber="72">CUMZ 7936</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36D6515A425FFA139E2F8C8FB604457" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="74" pageId="17" pageNumber="72" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC8369EA425FFA339E2F8C8FED34745" blockId="17.[189,334,1881,1907]" box="[189,334,1881,1907]" pageId="17" pageNumber="72">
|
||
<heading id="D08081F2A425FFA339E2F8C8FED34745" bold="true" box="[189,334,1881,1907]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="72" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA8CA425FFA339E2F8C8FED34745" bold="true" box="[189,334,1881,1907]" pageId="17" pageNumber="72">Description</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC8369EA425FFA139E2F819FB724170" blockId="17.[189,1400,1928,2025]" lastBlockId="19.[189,1399,265,327]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="74" pageId="17" pageNumber="72">
|
||
SHELL (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134C2A1BA425FFA3384CF819FE134794" box="[275,398,1928,1954]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[189,232,1600,1626]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,265,1563]" captionTargetId="figure-14@16.[189,1398,265,1563]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 7. Shells of Aenigmatoconcha spp. A–D. A. sumonthai Tumpeesuwan & Tumpeesuwan, 2018. A–B. Specimen CUMZ 7922 from the type locality. C–D. Specimen CUMZ 7937 from the type locality showing the calcareous epiphragm with a small perforation (white arrows). Only shell (C) and living (D) specimens in both lateral and ventral views. E–F. A. eunetis Pholyotha & Panha sp. nov. E. Holotype CUMZ 7931. F. Paratype CUMZ 7933 from Uthai Thani Province." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5528152" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5528152/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="72">Fig. 7E–F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Depressed to globosely depressed, medium-sized (width
|
||
<quantity id="4C8F9B7BA425FFA33D64F819FB754794" box="[1083,1256,1928,1954]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3399999999999999" metricValueMax="1.42" metricValueMin="1.26" pageId="17" pageNumber="72" unit="mm" value="13.399999999999999" valueMax="14.2" valueMin="12.6">12.6–14.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
, height
|
||
<quantity id="4C8F9B7BA425FFA33C1CF819FE8047F0" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.6" metricValueMax="7.1" metricValueMin="6.1" pageId="17" pageNumber="72" unit="mm" value="6.6" valueMax="7.1" valueMin="6.1">6.1– 7.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
), thin and translucent. Shell surface smooth, and polished, and pale yellowish white. Whorls: 5–5½, regularly increasing in size, separated by shallow suture. Spire rather elevated; varix usually present; last whorl well-rounded. Aperture very obliquely oval-lunate in shape; peristome simple. Columellar margin simple and slightly expanded near umbilicus. Umbilicus open and deep.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF086616A426FFA039E2F967FE7C47AB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5528154" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5528154" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5528154/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="73" startId="18.[189,232,1782,1808]" targetBox="[189,1398,265,1744]" targetPageId="18">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC8369EA426FFA039E2F967FE7C47AB" blockId="18.[187,1399,1782,1949]" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA8CA426FFA039E2F967FE974726" bold="true" box="[189,266,1782,1808]" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">Fig. 8.</emphasis>
|
||
Genital system of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D1DA426FFA03880F967FB634726" authority="Tumpeesuwan & Tumpeesuwan, 2018" authorityName="Tumpeesuwan & Tumpeesuwan" authorityYear="2018" box="[479,1278,1782,1809]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Aenigmatoconcha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="18" pageNumber="73" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sumonthai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA8CA426FFA03880F967FCAB4726" box="[479,822,1782,1808]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">Aenigmatoconcha sumonthai</emphasis>
|
||
Tumpeesuwan & Tumpeesuwan, 2018
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, specimen CUMZ 7922 from the type locality.
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA8CA426FFA03B28F888FD114705" bold="true" box="[631,652,1817,1843]" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">A</emphasis>
|
||
. General view of genitalia; inset showing flagellum encircled with a loose tissue before clearing it out.
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA8CA426FFA03BF9F8ACFD244761" bold="true" box="[678,697,1853,1879]" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">B</emphasis>
|
||
. Internal structure of penis; inset showing penial sculpture.
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA8CA426FFA039E1F8F1FF4F474C" bold="true" box="[190,210,1888,1914]" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">C</emphasis>
|
||
. Internal structure of epiphallus and epiphallic caecum. White arrow indicates the junction between the penis and epiphallus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC8369EA427FFA139E2FEFFFC734222" blockId="19.[189,1399,366,533]" pageId="19" pageNumber="74">
|
||
EXTERNAL FEATURES (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134C2A1BA427FFA138EEFEFFFDAD41BE" box="[433,560,366,392]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[189,232,1790,1816]" captionTargetBox="[189,1397,265,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-14@6.[189,1398,265,1744]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 2. Maximum likelihood tree of Aenigmatoconcha Tumpeesuwan & Tumpeesuwan, 2017 based on the COI gene dataset. Numbers on nodes indicate the ML bootstrap values (left) and Bayesian posterior probabilities (right) values. Pictures of living snails are not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5528138" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5528138/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="74">Fig. 2F–H</figureCitation>
|
||
). Living snails with reticulated skin and pale yellowish to slightly dark grey body. Five well-developed mantle lobes: left and right shell lobes translucent, same colour as body, covered by tiny whitish dots, right shell lobe smaller than left shell lobe. Dorsal lobes broad and crescent-shaped: right dorsal lobe larger than both anterior and posterior left dorsal lobes. Caudal fossa present; caudal horn raised and rather large, and same colour as body.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC8369EA427FFA139E2FDADFE044380" blockId="19.[189,1401,572,950]" pageId="19" pageNumber="74">
|
||
GENITALIA (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134C2A1BA427FFA13819FDADFE0C4260" box="[326,401,572,598]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="20.[189,232,1784,1810]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,265,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-14@20.[189,1398,265,1744]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig. 9. Genital system of Aenigmatoconcha eunetis Pholyotha & Panha sp. nov., paratype CUMZ 7933 from Uthai Thani Province. A. General view of genitalia. B. Internal structure of penis; inset showing penial sculpture. C. Internal structure of epiphallus and epiphallic caecum. White arrow indicates the junction between the penis and epiphallus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5528156" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5528156/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="74">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
). Atrium (at) enlarged and very short. Penis (p) very long and slender with rather thick penial sheath (ps) covering from atrium to almost middle of penis. Inner sculpture of penis with small conical penial pilasters (pp), and three prominent longitudinal folds along entire length of penis chamber. Epiphallus (e1 + e2) approximately half of penis length: e1 elongate and slender, and e2 very short and bulbous. Inner sculpture of e1 nearly smooth with small, thin, and longitudinal folds, and e2 densely papillate. Epiphallic caecum (ec) straight, short, and approximately as long as e2; penial retractor muscle (prm) thin and attached at tip. Flagellum (fl) small, rather short, and approximately as long as e2. Vas deferens (vd) very long, thin, and convoluted. Vagina (v) short, enlarged, thickened and cylindrical. Gametolytic sac (gs) short and bulbous; gametolytic duct (gd) long, enlarged near vagina then becoming smaller and very slender. Free oviduct (fo) long, cylindrical, and encircled with dense tissue near vagina.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC8369EA427FFA139E2FC4FFB604457" blockId="19.[187,1398,989,1121]" pageId="19" pageNumber="74">
|
||
RADULA (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134C2A1BA427FFA13875FC4CFE0843C1" box="[298,405,989,1016]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="21.[189,232,1823,1849]" captionTargetBox="[194,1394,950,1780]" captionTargetId="figure-243@21.[189,1398,945,1784]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig. 10. Radula morphology of Aenigmatoconcha spp. A. A. clivicola Tumpeesuwan & Tumpeesuwan, 2017, specimen CUMZ 7929 from Loei Province. B. A. mitis (Pfeiffer, 1863) comb. nov., specimen CUMZ 7687 from Kanchanaburi Province. C. A. sumonthai Tumpeesuwan & Tumpeesuwan, 2018, specimen CUMZ 7922 from Chumphon Province. D. A. eunetis Pholyotha & Panha sp. nov., paratype CUMZ 7933 from Uthai Thani Province. Central tooth in yellow. Scale bars: A–C = 100 μm; D = 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5528158" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5528158/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="74">Fig. 10D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Teeth arranged in wide-angle U-shape with half row consisting of about 97–98 teeth at middle plate. Central tooth symmetrical monocuspid, elongated oblong-shaped with curved cusp, and slightly smaller than lateral tooth. Lateral and marginal teeth undifferentiated, asymmetrical monocuspid and elongated oblong-shaped with curved cusp; outermost teeth gradually becoming smaller.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36D6515A427FFA139E2FB19FE3F4521" pageId="19" pageNumber="74" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC8369EA427FFA139E2FB19FECB4494" blockId="19.[189,342,1160,1186]" box="[189,342,1160,1186]" pageId="19" pageNumber="74">
|
||
<heading id="D08081F2A427FFA139E2FB19FECB4494" bold="true" box="[189,342,1160,1186]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="74" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA8CA427FFA139E2FB19FECB4494" bold="true" box="[189,342,1160,1186]" pageId="19" pageNumber="74">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC8369EA427FFA139E2FB26FE3F4521" blockId="19.[189,1398,1207,1303]" pageId="19" pageNumber="74">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D1DA427FFA139E2FB26FE7344E7" box="[189,494,1207,1233]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Aenigmatoconcha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="19" pageNumber="74" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="eunetis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA8CA427FFA139E2FB26FE7344E7" box="[189,494,1207,1233]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="74">Aenigmatoconcha eunetis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23057F7A427FFA138AAFB26FDD244E7" box="[501,591,1207,1233]" pageId="19" pageNumber="74" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
occurs in a few isolated limestone hills in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B3F87CA427FFA13D1FFB26FAA244E7" box="[1088,1343,1207,1233]" country="Thailand" name="Uthai Thani" pageId="19" pageNumber="74">Uthai Thani Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
.This new species lives on limestone karsts, where snails tend to hide themselves in rock crevices and shelter during the daytime.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36D6515A427FFA439E2FAAEFC764665" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="77" pageId="19" pageNumber="74" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC8369EA427FFA139E2FAAEFEB2456F" blockId="19.[189,303,1343,1369]" box="[189,303,1343,1369]" pageId="19" pageNumber="74">
|
||
<heading id="D08081F2A427FFA139E2FAAEFEB2456F" bold="true" box="[189,303,1343,1369]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="74" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA8CA427FFA139E2FAAEFEB2456F" bold="true" box="[189,303,1343,1369]" pageId="19" pageNumber="74">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC8369EA427FFA139E2FAFCFE9446D1" blockId="19.[189,1399,1389,1767]" pageId="19" pageNumber="74">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D1DA427FFA139E2FAFCFE6F45B1" box="[189,498,1389,1415]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Aenigmatoconcha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="19" pageNumber="74" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="eunetis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA8CA427FFA139E2FAFCFE6F45B1" box="[189,498,1389,1415]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="74">Aenigmatoconcha eunetis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23057F7A427FFA138A2FAFFFDC645BE" box="[509,603,1390,1416]" pageId="19" pageNumber="74" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
clearly differs from all congeners in having 1) the longest penis, 2) penial internal sculpture consisting of longitudinal folds and small conical penial pilasters, and 3) inner sculpture of epiphallus (e2) densely papillae. For comparison,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D1DA427FFA13ABDFA25FBF445F8" authorityName="Tumpeesuwan & Tumpeesuwan" authorityYear="2017" box="[994,1129,1460,1486]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Aenigmatoconcha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="19" pageNumber="74" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="clivicola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA8CA427FFA13ABDFA25FBF445F8" box="[994,1129,1460,1486]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="74">A. clivicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has oblique trapezoidshaped penial pilasters,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D1DA427FFA138BDFA46FDDC45C7" baseAuthorityName="Pfeiffer" baseAuthorityYear="1863" box="[482,577,1495,1521]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Aenigmatoconcha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="19" pageNumber="74" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="mitis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA8CA427FFA138BDFA46FDDC45C7" box="[482,577,1495,1521]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="74">A. mitis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has oblique wrinkled penial pilasters with a longitudinal fold, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D1DA427FFA139E2FA6BFEC44622" authorityName="Tumpeesuwan & Tumpeesuwan" authorityYear="2018" box="[189,345,1530,1556]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Aenigmatoconcha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="19" pageNumber="74" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sumonthai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA8CA427FFA139E2FA6BFEC44622" box="[189,345,1530,1556]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="74">A. sumonthai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has very small conical penial pilasters without longitudinal fold. In addition, for the inner sculpture of epiphallus (e2),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D1DA427FFA13B49F98FFD024601" authorityName="Tumpeesuwan & Tumpeesuwan" authorityYear="2017" box="[534,671,1565,1592]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Aenigmatoconcha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="19" pageNumber="74" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="clivicola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA8CA427FFA13B49F98FFD024601" box="[534,671,1565,1592]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="74">A. clivicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has irregularly oblique trapezoid and small conical papillae.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D1DA427FFA139E0F9D1FE49466C" baseAuthorityName="Pfeiffer" baseAuthorityYear="1863" box="[191,468,1600,1626]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Aenigmatoconcha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="19" pageNumber="74" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="mitis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA8CA427FFA139E0F9D1FE49466C" box="[191,468,1600,1626]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="74">Aenigmatoconcha mitis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D1DA427FFA13B51F9D0FD37466C" authorityName="Tumpeesuwan & Tumpeesuwan" authorityYear="2018" box="[526,682,1600,1627]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Aenigmatoconcha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="19" pageNumber="74" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sumonthai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA8CA427FFA13B51F9D0FD37466C" box="[526,682,1600,1627]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="74">A. sumonthai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have loose papillae arranged in oblique rows, but the former has relatively fewer rows and papillae are significantly larger in size than the latter. Moreover, radular teeth of only
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D1DA427FFA1383EF916FE444697" box="[353,473,1671,1697]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Aenigmatoconcha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="19" pageNumber="74" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="eunetis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA8CA427FFA1383EF916FE444697" box="[353,473,1671,1697]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="74">A. eunetis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23057F7A427FFA138BBF916FDDC4697" box="[484,577,1671,1697]" pageId="19" pageNumber="74" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
are arranged in wide-angle U-shaped row and oblong-shaped teeth, while radular teeth of other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D1DA427FFA13B52F93BFCA246F2" box="[525,831,1706,1732]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Aenigmatoconcha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="19" pageNumber="74" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA8CA427FFA13B52F93BFD7E46F2" box="[525,739,1706,1732]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="74">Aenigmatoconcha</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are arranged in V-shaped rows and spatulate in shape.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC8369EA427FFA139E2F89FFEDC471E" blockId="19.[189,321,1806,1832]" box="[189,321,1806,1832]" pageId="19" pageNumber="74">
|
||
<heading id="D08081F2A427FFA139E2F89FFEDC471E" bold="true" box="[189,321,1806,1832]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="74" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA8CA427FFA139E2F89FFEDC471E" bold="true" box="[189,321,1806,1832]" pageId="19" pageNumber="74">Discussion</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC8369EA427FFA739E2F8ACFEC64256" blockId="19.[188,1400,1853,2021]" lastBlockId="21.[187,1400,265,608]" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="76" pageId="19" pageNumber="74">
|
||
Each of the four
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D1DA427FFA138FAF8ACFD7F4761" box="[421,738,1853,1879]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Aenigmatoconcha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="19" pageNumber="74" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA8CA427FFA138FAF8ACFDE04761" box="[421,637,1853,1879]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="74">Aenigmatoconcha</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
forms a well-defined clade in the COI phylogeny.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D1DA427FFA139E2F8F1FE08474C" authorityName="Tumpeesuwan & Tumpeesuwan" authorityYear="2017" box="[189,405,1888,1914]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Aenigmatoconcha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="19" pageNumber="74" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA8CA427FFA139E2F8F1FE08474C" box="[189,405,1888,1914]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="74">Aenigmatoconcha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be divided into two groups based on the genital characters (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134C2A1BA427FFA13DCBF8F1FA9D474D" box="[1172,1280,1888,1915]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStartId-0="2.[189,232,1962,1988]" captionStartId-1="6.[189,232,1790,1816]" captionTargetBox-0="[189,1398,678,1922]" captionTargetBox-1="[189,1397,265,1744]" captionTargetId-0="figure-108@2.[189,1398,678,1922]" captionTargetId-1="figure-14@6.[189,1398,265,1744]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="6" captionText-0="Fig. 1. Geographic distribution of four species of Aenigmatoconcha Tumpeesuwan & Tumpeesuwan, 2017 based on specimens examined herein." captionText-1="Fig. 2. Maximum likelihood tree of Aenigmatoconcha Tumpeesuwan & Tumpeesuwan, 2017 based on the COI gene dataset. Numbers on nodes indicate the ML bootstrap values (left) and Bayesian posterior probabilities (right) values. Pictures of living snails are not to scale." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5528136" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5528138" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5528136/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5528138/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="74">Figs 1–2</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6F50325A427FFA13C52F8F1FAF5474D" box="[1293,1384,1888,1915]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="7.[189,259,265,291]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Table 2. Comparison of the morpho-anatomical characteristics of Aenigmatoconcha Tumpeesuwan & Tumpeesuwan, 2017:species,Chalepotaxis Ancey, 1887 and SophinaBenson, 1859.Superscriptnumbers indicate the source reference: 1 this study, 2 Páll-Gergely et al. (2016) and 3 Sutcharit et al. (2020a)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF086616A433FFB539E2FE98FAA0415C" pageId="19" pageNumber="74" tableUuid="DF086616A433FFB539E2FE98FAA0415C">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
). Group I (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134C2A1BA427FFA13872F812FEEB47A8" box="[301,374,1923,1950]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[189,232,1790,1816]" captionTargetBox="[189,1397,265,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-14@6.[189,1398,265,1744]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 2. Maximum likelihood tree of Aenigmatoconcha Tumpeesuwan & Tumpeesuwan, 2017 based on the COI gene dataset. Numbers on nodes indicate the ML bootstrap values (left) and Bayesian posterior probabilities (right) values. Pictures of living snails are not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5528138" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5528138/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="74">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
) has a long epiphallic caecum and short penial caecum, and contains one species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D1DA427FFA13C01F815FEB947F7" authorityName="Tumpeesuwan & Tumpeesuwan" authorityYear="2017" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Aenigmatoconcha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="19" pageNumber="74" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="clivicola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA8CA427FFA13C01F815FEB947F7" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="74">A. clivicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which is restricted to northeasthern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F360760EA427FFA13B86F836FCDE47F7" box="[729,835,1959,1985]" name="Thailand" pageId="19" pageNumber="74">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="134C2A1BA427FFA13A0CF836FC0547F7" box="[851,920,1959,1985]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[189,232,1962,1988]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,678,1922]" captionTargetId="figure-108@2.[189,1398,678,1922]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Geographic distribution of four species of Aenigmatoconcha Tumpeesuwan & Tumpeesuwan, 2017 based on specimens examined herein." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5528136" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5528136/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="74">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). Group II (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134C2A1BA427FFA13D79F836FBF047F7" box="[1062,1133,1959,1985]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[189,232,1790,1816]" captionTargetBox="[189,1397,265,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-14@6.[189,1398,265,1744]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 2. Maximum likelihood tree of Aenigmatoconcha Tumpeesuwan & Tumpeesuwan, 2017 based on the COI gene dataset. Numbers on nodes indicate the ML bootstrap values (left) and Bayesian posterior probabilities (right) values. Pictures of living snails are not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5528138" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5528138/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="74">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
) has a short epiphallic caecum and no penial caecum; this group contains
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D1DA427FFA13A66F85BFC0A47D2" baseAuthorityName="Pfeiffer" baseAuthorityYear="1863" box="[825,919,1994,2020]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Aenigmatoconcha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="19" pageNumber="74" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="mitis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA8CA427FFA13A66F85BFC0A47D2" box="[825,919,1994,2020]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="74">A. mitis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D1DA427FFA13AF5F85BFBD647D2" authorityName="Tumpeesuwan & Tumpeesuwan" authorityYear="2018" box="[938,1099,1994,2020]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Aenigmatoconcha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="19" pageNumber="74" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sumonthai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA8CA427FFA13AF5F85BFBD647D2" box="[938,1099,1994,2020]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="74">A. sumonthai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D1DA427FFA13DCCF85BFA9047D2" box="[1171,1293,1994,2020]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Aenigmatoconcha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="19" pageNumber="74" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="eunetis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA8CA427FFA13DCCF85BFA9047D2" box="[1171,1293,1994,2020]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="74">A. eunetis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23057F7A427FFA13C48F85AFAEA47D3" box="[1303,1399,1995,2021]" pageId="19" pageNumber="74" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
This group occurs from central to southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F360760EA421FFA73BB2FE98FCCA4115" box="[749,855,265,291]" name="Thailand" pageId="21" pageNumber="76">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
along the Tenasserim Range (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134C2A1BA421FFA73D82FE98FAB44115" box="[1245,1321,265,291]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[189,232,1962,1988]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,678,1922]" captionTargetId="figure-108@2.[189,1398,678,1922]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Geographic distribution of four species of Aenigmatoconcha Tumpeesuwan & Tumpeesuwan, 2017 based on specimens examined herein." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5528136" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5528136/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="76">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). The COI tree showed very low nodal support for the relationships among the two
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D1DA421FFA73DC0FEBDFAEA4170" authorityName="Tumpeesuwan & Tumpeesuwan" authorityYear="2017" box="[1183,1399,300,326]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Aenigmatoconcha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="21" pageNumber="76" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA8CA421FFA73DC0FEBDFAEA4170" box="[1183,1399,300,326]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="76">Aenigmatoconcha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
groups and the other two helicarionid genera. Although the phylogenetic relationships among
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D1DA421FFA739E2FEE3FE0841BA" authorityName="Tumpeesuwan & Tumpeesuwan" authorityYear="2017" box="[189,405,370,396]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Aenigmatoconcha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="21" pageNumber="76" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA8CA421FFA739E2FEE3FE0841BA" box="[189,405,370,396]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="76">Aenigmatoconcha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D1DA421FFA738FCFEE3FD9841BA" authorityName="Benson" authorityYear="1859" box="[419,517,370,396]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Sophina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="21" pageNumber="76" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA8CA421FFA738FCFEE3FD9841BA" box="[419,517,370,396]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="76">Sophina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D1DA421FFA73B63FEE3FD4741BA" authorityName="Ancey" authorityYear="1887" box="[572,730,370,396]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Chalepotaxis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="21" pageNumber="76" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA8CA421FFA73B63FEE3FD4741BA" box="[572,730,370,396]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="76">Chalepotaxis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
remain unresolved, the genital characters of both groups of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D1DA421FFA73980FE07FE2A4186" authorityName="Tumpeesuwan & Tumpeesuwan" authorityYear="2017" box="[223,439,406,432]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Aenigmatoconcha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="21" pageNumber="76" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA8CA421FFA73980FE07FE2A4186" box="[223,439,406,432]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="76">Aenigmatoconcha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were clearly distinct from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D1DA421FFA73A58FE07FCF44186" authorityName="Benson" authorityYear="1859" box="[775,873,406,432]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Sophina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="21" pageNumber="76" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA8CA421FFA73A58FE07FCF44186" box="[775,873,406,432]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="76">Sophina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D1DA421FFA73AFAFE07FBDE4186" authorityName="Ancey" authorityYear="1887" box="[933,1091,406,432]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Chalepotaxis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="21" pageNumber="76" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA8CA421FFA73AFAFE07FBDE4186" box="[933,1091,406,432]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="76">Chalepotaxis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In the phylogenetic tree of the 28S gene, moreover, these three genera were confirmed as different genera, but the systematic position of two
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D1DA421FFA738DCFE4DFD2141C0" box="[387,700,476,502]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Aenigmatoconcha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="21" pageNumber="76" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA8CA421FFA738DCFE4DFDC641C0" box="[387,603,476,502]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="76">Aenigmatoconcha</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D1DA421FFA73B8EFE4CFCC041C0" authorityName="Tumpeesuwan & Tumpeesuwan" authorityYear="2017" box="[721,861,476,503]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Aenigmatoconcha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="21" pageNumber="76" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="clivicola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA8CA421FFA73B8EFE4CFCC041C0" box="[721,861,476,503]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="76">A. clivicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D1DA421FFA73AC1FE4CFBA241C0" authorityName="Tumpeesuwan & Tumpeesuwan" authorityYear="2018" box="[926,1087,476,503]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Aenigmatoconcha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="21" pageNumber="76" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sumonthai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA8CA421FFA73AC1FE4CFBA241C0" box="[926,1087,476,503]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="76">A. sumonthai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) is unresolved (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B6FA421FFA73C55FE4DFED3422F" author="Sutcharit C. & Jeratthitikul E. & Pholyotha A. & Lin A. & Panha S." pageId="21" pageNumber="76" pagination="957 - 981" refId="ref12559" refString="Sutcharit C., Jeratthitikul E., Pholyotha A., Lin A. & Panha S. 2020 a. Molecular phylogeny reveals high diversity and endemism in the limestone karst-restricted land snail genus Sophina Benson, 1859 from Myanmar (Eupulmonata: Helicarionidae), with description of four new species. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 58: 957 - 981. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jzs. 12420" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Sutcharit
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA8CA421FFA739E2FD91FF66422F" box="[189,251,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="76">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2020a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Further research should include on more genes and more taxa of the Southeast Asian helicarionoids to better understand the phylogenetic relationships and morphological evolution of these groups.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF086616A420FFA639E2F969FD2F474A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5528156" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5528156" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5528156/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="75" startId="20.[189,232,1784,1810]" targetBox="[189,1398,265,1744]" targetPageId="20">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC8369EA420FFA639E2F969FD2F474A" blockId="20.[189,1399,1784,1916]" pageId="20" pageNumber="75">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA8CA420FFA639E2F969FE964724" bold="true" box="[189,267,1784,1810]" pageId="20" pageNumber="75">Fig. 9.</emphasis>
|
||
Genital system of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D1DA420FFA638B7F969FB984724" authority="Pholyotha & Panha" authorityName="Pholyotha & Panha" box="[488,1029,1784,1810]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Aenigmatoconcha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="20" pageNumber="75" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="eunetis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA8CA420FFA638B7F969FC844724" box="[488,793,1784,1810]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="75">Aenigmatoconcha eunetis</emphasis>
|
||
Pholyotha & Panha
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23057F7A420FFA63D54F968FBF54725" box="[1035,1128,1785,1811]" pageId="20" pageNumber="75" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, paratype CUMZ 7933 from Uthai Thani Province.
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA8CA420FFA63B51F88AFDBF4703" bold="true" box="[526,546,1819,1845]" pageId="20" pageNumber="75">A</emphasis>
|
||
. General view of genitalia.
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA8CA420FFA63A30F88DFC1C4700" bold="true" box="[879,897,1820,1846]" pageId="20" pageNumber="75">B</emphasis>
|
||
. Internal structure of penis; inset showing penial sculpture.
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA8CA420FFA638D3F8AFFE02476E" bold="true" box="[396,415,1854,1880]" pageId="20" pageNumber="75">C</emphasis>
|
||
. Internal structure of epiphallus and epiphallic caecum. White arrow indicates the junction between the penis and epiphallus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC8369EA421FFA439E2FD16FEE742FF" blockId="21.[187,1399,647,885]" lastBlockId="22.[188,1399,265,713]" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="77" pageId="21" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D1DA421FFA739E2FD16FE084297" authorityName="Tumpeesuwan & Tumpeesuwan" authorityYear="2017" box="[189,405,647,673]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Aenigmatoconcha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="21" pageNumber="76" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA8CA421FFA739E2FD16FE084297" box="[189,405,647,673]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="76">Aenigmatoconcha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from almost all other Southeast Asian helicarionoid genera by their unique milky to pale whitish-horny and umbilicate shell. Other helicarionoids with a whitish shell include
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D1DA421FFA738E1FD5FFC7F42DE" authority="Vermeulen et al., 2019" authorityName="Vermeulen" authorityYear="2019" box="[446,994,718,744]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Macrochlamys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="21" pageNumber="76" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="psyche">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA8CA421FFA738E1FD5FFD5A42DE" box="[446,711,718,744]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="76">Macrochlamys psyche</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B6FA421FFA73B91FD5FFC7F42DE" author="Vermeulen J. J. & Luu H. T. & Theary K. & Anker K." box="[718,994,718,744]" pageId="21" pageNumber="76" pagination="7 - 41" refId="ref13107" refString="Vermeulen J. J., Luu H. T., Theary K. & Anker K. 2019. New species of land snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Caenogastropoda and Pulmonata) of the Mekong Delta Limestone Hills (Cambodia, Vietnam). Folia Malacologica 27: 7 - 41. https: // doi. org / 10.12657 / folmal. 027.001" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Vermeulen
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA8CA421FFA73A08FD5FFC0E42D1" box="[855,915,718,744]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="76">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D1DA421FFA73AB0FD5FFEC5433D" authority="Pholyotha & Panha, 2020" authorityName="Pholyotha & Panha" authorityYear="2020" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Sarika" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="21" pageNumber="76" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lactoconcha">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA8CA421FFA73AB0FD5FFB4A42DE" box="[1007,1239,718,744]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="76">Sarika lactoconcha</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B6FA421FFA73D81FD5FFEC5433D" author="Pholyotha A. & Sutcharit C. & Tongkerd P. & Panha S." pageId="21" pageNumber="76" pagination="1 - 100" refId="ref11850" refString="Pholyotha A., Sutcharit C., Tongkerd P. & Panha S. 2020 b. Integrative taxonomic revision of the land snail genus Sarika Godwin-Austen, 1907 in Thailand, with descriptions of nine new species (Eupulmonata, Ariophantidae). ZooKeys 976: 1 - 100. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 976.53859" type="journal article" year="2020">Pholyotha & Panha, 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D1DA421FFA738C2FD60FCB6433A" authority="(Benson, 1860)" baseAuthorityName="Benson" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[413,811,753,780]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Sarika" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="21" pageNumber="76" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="consepta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA8CA421FFA738C2FD60FDFD433D" box="[413,608,753,779]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="76">Sarika consepta</emphasis>
|
||
(Benson, 1860)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, the relatively medium to large-sized shells (shell width larger than
|
||
<quantity id="4C8F9B7BA421FFA73B40FC85FDEB4319" box="[543,630,788,815]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="21" pageNumber="76" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 mm</quantity>
|
||
), narrowly perforate umbilicus, genital structure, and radula with triangular teeth of these three species clearly differentiate them from all
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D1DA421FFA73D61FCA6FAEB4367" box="[1086,1398,823,849]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Aenigmatoconcha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="21" pageNumber="76" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA8CA421FFA73D61FCA6FA8B4367" box="[1086,1302,823,849]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="76">Aenigmatoconcha</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B6FA421FFA73998FCCBFE454343" author="Vermeulen J. J. & Luu H. T. & Theary K. & Anker K." box="[199,472,858,885]" pageId="21" pageNumber="76" pagination="7 - 41" refId="ref13107" refString="Vermeulen J. J., Luu H. T., Theary K. & Anker K. 2019. New species of land snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Caenogastropoda and Pulmonata) of the Mekong Delta Limestone Hills (Cambodia, Vietnam). Folia Malacologica 27: 7 - 41. https: // doi. org / 10.12657 / folmal. 027.001" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Vermeulen
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA8CA421FFA7380CFCCAFE0F4342" box="[339,402,858,884]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="76">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B6FA421FFA738B4FCCBFC9F4343" author="Pholyotha A. & Sutcharit C. & Thach P. & Chhuoy S. & Ngor P. B. & Panha S." box="[491,770,858,885]" pageId="21" pageNumber="76" pagination="1 - 21" refId="ref11778" refString="Pholyotha A., Sutcharit C., Thach P., Chhuoy S., Ngor P. B. & Panha S. 2020 a. Land snail genus Sarika Godwin-Austen, 1907 (Eupulmonata: Ariophantidae) from Cambodia, with description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 674: 1 - 21. https: // doi. org / 10.5852 / ejt. 2020.674" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Pholyotha
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA8CA421FFA73B30FCCAFD334342" box="[623,686,858,884]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="76">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2020
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B6FA421FFA73BAAFCCAFC9F4343" author="Pholyotha A. & Sutcharit C. & Tongkerd P. & Panha S." box="[757,770,859,885]" pageId="21" pageNumber="76" pagination="1 - 100" refId="ref11850" refString="Pholyotha A., Sutcharit C., Tongkerd P. & Panha S. 2020 b. Integrative taxonomic revision of the land snail genus Sarika Godwin-Austen, 1907 in Thailand, with descriptions of nine new species (Eupulmonata, Ariophantidae). ZooKeys 976: 1 - 100. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 976.53859" type="journal article" year="2020">a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 2020b). The greatest similarity in shell characters occurred in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D1DA422FFA4380AFE98FE2A4115" authorityName="Benson" authorityYear="1859" box="[341,439,265,291]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Sophina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="22" pageNumber="77" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA8CA422FFA4380AFE98FE2A4115" box="[341,439,265,291]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="77">Sophina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D1DA422FFA438A6FE98FD0A4115" authorityName="Ancey" authorityYear="1887" box="[505,663,265,291]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Chalepotaxis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="22" pageNumber="77" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA8CA422FFA438A6FE98FD0A4115" box="[505,663,265,291]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="77">Chalepotaxis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but their genitalia are obviously different. The distinctive characters between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D1DA422FFA438E3FEBDFD094170" authorityName="Tumpeesuwan & Tumpeesuwan" authorityYear="2017" box="[444,660,300,326]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Aenigmatoconcha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="22" pageNumber="77" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA8CA422FFA438E3FEBDFD094170" box="[444,660,300,326]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="77">Aenigmatoconcha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D1DA422FFA43BBEFEBDFCE24170" authorityName="Ancey" authorityYear="1887" box="[737,895,300,326]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Chalepotaxis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="22" pageNumber="77" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA8CA422FFA43BBEFEBDFCE24170" box="[737,895,300,326]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="77">Chalepotaxis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been reported (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B6FA422FFA43DFDFEBCFE32415C" author="Tumpeesuwan C. & Tumpeesuwan S." pageId="22" pageNumber="77" pagination="170 - 176" refId="ref13001" refString="Tumpeesuwan C. & Tumpeesuwan S. 2017. Discovery of an overlooked helicarionid land snail (Helicarionidae: Durgellinae) from northeastern Thailand, with description of a new genus and new species, and a note on radula morphology and genital system. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 65: 174 - 181. Tumpeesuwan C. & Tumpeesuwan S. 2018. Aenigmatoconcha sumonthai, a new helicarionid land snail from Chumphon Province, Southern Thailand (Helicarionidae: Durgellinae). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 66: 170 - 176. http: // doi. org / 10.5281 / zenodo. 4504598" type="journal article" year="2017">Tumpeesuwan & Tumpeesuwan 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B6FA422FFA438E0FEDEFD5E415C" author="Sutcharit C. & Jeratthitikul E. & Pholyotha A. & Lin A. & Panha S." box="[447,707,335,362]" pageId="22" pageNumber="77" pagination="957 - 981" refId="ref12559" refString="Sutcharit C., Jeratthitikul E., Pholyotha A., Lin A. & Panha S. 2020 a. Molecular phylogeny reveals high diversity and endemism in the limestone karst-restricted land snail genus Sophina Benson, 1859 from Myanmar (Eupulmonata: Helicarionidae), with description of four new species. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 58: 957 - 981. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jzs. 12420" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Sutcharit
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA8CA422FFA43B6BFEC1FDEC415F" box="[564,625,335,361]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="77">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2020a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B6FA422FFA43A05FEC1FAD5415C" author="Tumpeesuwan C. & Tumpeesuwan S." box="[858,1352,335,362]" pageId="22" pageNumber="77" pagination="170 - 176" refId="ref13001" refString="Tumpeesuwan C. & Tumpeesuwan S. 2017. Discovery of an overlooked helicarionid land snail (Helicarionidae: Durgellinae) from northeastern Thailand, with description of a new genus and new species, and a note on radula morphology and genital system. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 65: 174 - 181. Tumpeesuwan C. & Tumpeesuwan S. 2018. Aenigmatoconcha sumonthai, a new helicarionid land snail from Chumphon Province, Southern Thailand (Helicarionidae: Durgellinae). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 66: 170 - 176. http: // doi. org / 10.5281 / zenodo. 4504598" type="journal article" year="2017">Tumpeesuwan and Tumpeesuwan (2017)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
did not report the presence of a “penial sheath” and a “flagellum” in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D1DA422FFA43ABEFEE2FBF641BA" authorityName="Tumpeesuwan & Tumpeesuwan" authorityYear="2017" box="[993,1131,370,397]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Aenigmatoconcha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="22" pageNumber="77" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="clivicola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA8CA422FFA43ABEFEE2FBF641BA" box="[993,1131,370,397]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="77">A. clivicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CC883CA422FFA43DF1FEE2FB7C41BB" box="[1198,1249,371,397]" pageId="22" pageNumber="77">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species). In fact, they stated that the absence of a penial sheath in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D1DA422FFA43A3FFE07FBA54186" authorityName="Tumpeesuwan & Tumpeesuwan" authorityYear="2017" box="[864,1080,406,432]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Aenigmatoconcha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="22" pageNumber="77" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA8CA422FFA43A3FFE07FBA54186" box="[864,1080,406,432]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="77">Aenigmatoconcha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a diagnostic difference between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D1DA422FFA43873FE28FD9941E5" authorityName="Tumpeesuwan & Tumpeesuwan" authorityYear="2017" box="[300,516,441,467]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Aenigmatoconcha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="22" pageNumber="77" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA8CA422FFA43873FE28FD9941E5" box="[300,516,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="77">Aenigmatoconcha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D1DA422FFA43B1AFE28FD7E41E5" authorityName="Ancey" authorityYear="1887" box="[581,739,441,467]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Chalepotaxis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="22" pageNumber="77" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA8CA422FFA43B1AFE28FD7E41E5" box="[581,739,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="77">Chalepotaxis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Yet, in the present work, the four
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D1DA422FFA43DC0FE28FE8E41C0" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Aenigmatoconcha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="22" pageNumber="77" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA8CA422FFA43DC0FE28FAEA41E5" box="[1183,1399,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="77">Aenigmatoconcha</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clearly exhibited a well-developed penial sheath and flagellum. Hence, the only difference between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D1DA422FFA43877FE6EFE5B422F" authorityName="Ancey" authorityYear="1887" box="[296,454,511,537]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Chalepotaxis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="22" pageNumber="77" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA8CA422FFA43877FE6EFE5B422F" box="[296,454,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="77">Chalepotaxis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D1DA422FFA43B5FFE6EFD45422F" authorityName="Tumpeesuwan & Tumpeesuwan" authorityYear="2017" box="[512,728,511,537]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Aenigmatoconcha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="22" pageNumber="77" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA8CA422FFA43B5FFE6EFD45422F" box="[512,728,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="77">Aenigmatoconcha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the presence of a flagellum in the latter (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B6FA422FFA43D81FE6EFED9420A" author="Pall-Gergely B. & Feher Z. & Otani J. U. & Asami T." pageId="22" pageNumber="77" pagination="113 - 119" refId="ref11527" refString="Pall-Gergely B., Feher Z., Otani J. U. & Asami T. 2016. An integrative taxonomic approach to infer the systematic position of Chalepotaxis Ancey, 1887 (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Helicarionidae). Molluscan Research 37: 113 - 119. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 13235818.2016.1234996" type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Páll-Gergely
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA8CA422FFA439E2FDB2FF60420A" box="[189,253,546,572]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="77">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In addition to the genitalia without a dart apparatus, the presence of well-developed anterior and posterior left dorsal lobes is a significant character of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D1DA422FFA43ABDFDD7FB274256" authorityName="Tumpeesuwan & Tumpeesuwan" authorityYear="2017" box="[994,1210,582,608]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Aenigmatoconcha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="22" pageNumber="77" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA8CA422FFA43ABDFDD7FB274256" box="[994,1210,582,608]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="77">Aenigmatoconcha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, while
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D1DA422FFA43C4AFDD7FAEA4256" authorityName="Benson" authorityYear="1859" box="[1301,1399,582,608]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Sophina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="22" pageNumber="77" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA8CA422FFA43C4AFDD7FAEA4256" box="[1301,1399,582,608]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="77">Sophina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has an undivided left dorsal lobe and a dart apparatus (Blanford & Godwin-Austen 1908;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B6FA422FFA43C55FDF8FEDA4290" author="Sutcharit C. & Jeratthitikul E. & Pholyotha A. & Lin A. & Panha S." pageId="22" pageNumber="77" pagination="957 - 981" refId="ref12559" refString="Sutcharit C., Jeratthitikul E., Pholyotha A., Lin A. & Panha S. 2020 a. Molecular phylogeny reveals high diversity and endemism in the limestone karst-restricted land snail genus Sophina Benson, 1859 from Myanmar (Eupulmonata: Helicarionidae), with description of four new species. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 58: 957 - 981. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jzs. 12420" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Sutcharit
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA8CA422FFA439E2FD1CFF654290" box="[189,248,652,678]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="77">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2020a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, information on the mantle lobe morphology of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D1DA422FFA43D5CFD1DFB3C4290" authorityName="Ancey" authorityYear="1887" box="[1027,1185,652,678]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Chalepotaxis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="22" pageNumber="77" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA8CA422FFA43D5CFD1DFB3C4290" box="[1027,1185,652,678]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="77">Chalepotaxis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was not available for comparison.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF086616A421FFA739E2F88EFD9847DC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5528158" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5528158" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5528158/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="76" startId="21.[189,232,1823,1849]" targetBox="[194,1394,950,1780]" targetPageId="21">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC8369EA421FFA739E2F88EFD9847DC" blockId="21.[189,1399,1823,2026]" pageId="21" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA8CA421FFA739E2F88EFEB6470F" bold="true" box="[189,299,1823,1849]" pageId="21" pageNumber="76">Fig. 10.</emphasis>
|
||
Radula morphology of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D1DA421FFA73BDBF88EFC52470F" box="[644,975,1823,1850]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Aenigmatoconcha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="21" pageNumber="76" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="undefined-a">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA8CA421FFA73BDBF88EFCC7470F" box="[644,858,1823,1849]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="76">Aenigmatoconcha</emphasis>
|
||
spp.
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA8CA421FFA73AE5F88EFC52470F" bold="true" box="[954,975,1823,1849]" pageId="21" pageNumber="76">A</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D1DA421FFA73AB1F8B1FE20476A" authority="Tumpeesuwan & Tumpeesuwan, 2017" authorityName="Tumpeesuwan & Tumpeesuwan" authorityYear="2017" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Aenigmatoconcha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="21" pageNumber="76" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="clivicola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA8CA421FFA73AB1F8B1FB1B470F" box="[1006,1158,1823,1850]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="76">A. clivicola</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B6FA421FFA73DC1F8B1FE20476A" author="Tumpeesuwan C. & Tumpeesuwan S." pageId="21" pageNumber="76" pagination="170 - 176" refId="ref13001" refString="Tumpeesuwan C. & Tumpeesuwan S. 2017. Discovery of an overlooked helicarionid land snail (Helicarionidae: Durgellinae) from northeastern Thailand, with description of a new genus and new species, and a note on radula morphology and genital system. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 65: 174 - 181. Tumpeesuwan C. & Tumpeesuwan S. 2018. Aenigmatoconcha sumonthai, a new helicarionid land snail from Chumphon Province, Southern Thailand (Helicarionidae: Durgellinae). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 66: 170 - 176. http: // doi. org / 10.5281 / zenodo. 4504598" type="journal article" year="2017">Tumpeesuwan & Tumpeesuwan, 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, specimen CUMZ 7929 from Loei Province.
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA8CA421FFA73D49F8D3FBB7476A" bold="true" box="[1046,1066,1858,1884]" pageId="21" pageNumber="76">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D1DA421FFA73D1DF8D2FAEB476B" authority="(Pfeiffer, 1863)" baseAuthorityName="Pfeiffer" baseAuthorityYear="1863" box="[1090,1398,1858,1885]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Aenigmatoconcha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="21" pageNumber="76" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="mitis" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA8CA421FFA73D1DF8D2FB3A476A" box="[1090,1191,1859,1885]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="76">A. mitis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B6FA421FFA73DE0F8D3FAF3476B" author="Pfeiffer L." box="[1215,1390,1858,1885]" pageId="21" pageNumber="76" pagination="268 - 278" refId="ref11649" refString="Pfeiffer L. 1863. Descriptions of thirty-six new land shells from the collection of H. Cuming, Esq. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 30: 268 - 278. [Published in parts, dates follow Duncan (1937)]." type="journal article" year="1863">Pfeiffer, 1863</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23057F7A421FFA739E2F8F4FED947B6" box="[189,324,1893,1920]" pageId="21" pageNumber="76" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, specimen CUMZ 7687 from Kanchanaburi Province.
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA8CA421FFA73A84F8F4FC6D4749" bold="true" box="[987,1008,1893,1919]" pageId="21" pageNumber="76">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D1DA421FFA73D5DF8F7FE2A4795" authority="Tumpeesuwan & Tumpeesuwan, 2018" authorityName="Tumpeesuwan & Tumpeesuwan" authorityYear="2018" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Aenigmatoconcha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="21" pageNumber="76" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sumonthai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA8CA421FFA73D5DF8F7FB3D4749" box="[1026,1184,1893,1920]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="76">A. sumonthai</emphasis>
|
||
Tumpeesuwan & Tumpeesuwan, 2018
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, specimen CUMZ 7922 from Chumphon Province.
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA8CA421FFA73D6DF818FBDA4795" bold="true" box="[1074,1095,1929,1955]" pageId="21" pageNumber="76">D</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D1DA421FFA73D05F818FE9847F0" authority="Pholyotha & Panha" authorityName="Pholyotha & Panha" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Aenigmatoconcha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="21" pageNumber="76" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="eunetis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA8CA421FFA73D05F818FB4F4795" box="[1114,1234,1929,1955]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="76">A. eunetis</emphasis>
|
||
Pholyotha & Panha
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23057F7A421FFA73852F83DFEF647F0" box="[269,363,1964,1990]" pageId="21" pageNumber="76" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, paratype CUMZ 7933 from Uthai Thani Province. Central tooth in yellow. Scale bars: A–C = 100 μm; D = 50 μm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC8369EA422FFA439E2FD60FE47447E" blockId="22.[189,1399,753,1096]" pageId="22" pageNumber="77">
|
||
Among Southeast Asian helicarionoid genera with uniform and spatulate-shaped radula,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D1DA422FFA43DA6FD60FAC6433D" authorityName="Benson" authorityYear="1859" box="[1273,1371,753,779]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Sophina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="22" pageNumber="77" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA8CA422FFA43DA6FD60FAC6433D" box="[1273,1371,753,779]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="77">Sophina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the only genus that a dart apparatus present in genitalia, but a flagellum absent. While genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D1DA422FFA439BEFCA6FE244367" authorityName="Tumpeesuwan & Tumpeesuwan" authorityYear="2017" box="[225,441,823,849]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Aenigmatoconcha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="22" pageNumber="77" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA8CA422FFA439BEFCA6FE244367" box="[225,441,823,849]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="77">Aenigmatoconcha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lack dart apparatus, but contain the flagellum, and genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D1DA422FFA43D86FCA6FAEA4367" authorityName="Ancey" authorityYear="1887" box="[1241,1399,823,849]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Chalepotaxis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="22" pageNumber="77" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA8CA422FFA43D86FCA6FAEA4367" box="[1241,1399,823,849]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="77">Chalepotaxis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lack both organs. Generally, some characters of genital anatomy, such as a penial caecum, penial verge, dart apparatus, or flagellum, have been hypothesized to evolve repeatedly during the evolution of land snails, and have been noticed in many groups of terrestrial pulmonate snails (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B6FA422FFA43D83FC30FAF3438D" author="Solem A." box="[1244,1390,929,955]" pageId="22" pageNumber="77" pagination="1 - 110" refId="ref12351" refString="Solem A. 1966. Some non-marine mollusks from Thailand, with notes on classification of the Helicarionidae. Spolia Zoologica Musei Hauniensis 24: 1 - 110." type="journal article" year="1966">Solem 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B6FA422FFA439E2FC55FEEB43E8" author="Hausdorf B." box="[189,374,964,990]" pageId="22" pageNumber="77" pagination="35 - 66" refId="ref10412" refString="Hausdorf B. 1998. Phylogeny of the Limacoidea sensu lato (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora). Journal of Molluscan Studies 64: 35 - 66. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / mollus / 64.1.35" type="journal article" year="1998">Hausdorf 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B6FA422FFA438D3FC54FD2943E8" author="Hyman I. T. & Ponder W. F." box="[396,692,964,991]" pageId="22" pageNumber="77" pagination="1 - 148" refId="ref10790" refString="Hyman I. T. & Ponder W. F. 2010. A morphological phylogenetic analysis and generic revision of Australian Helicarionidae (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Stylommatophora), and an assessment of the relationships of the family. Zootaxa 2462: 1 - 148. http: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2462.1.1" type="journal article" year="2010">Hyman & Ponder 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B6FA422FFA43B95FC55FC2B43E8" author="Hirano T. & Kameda Y. & Kimura K. & Chiba S." box="[714,950,964,990]" pageId="22" pageNumber="77" pagination="171 - 181" refId="ref10499" refString="Hirano T., Kameda Y., Kimura K. & Chiba S. 2014. Substantial incongruence among the morphology, taxonomy, and molecular phylogeny of the land snails Aegista, Landouria, Trishoplita, and Pseudobuliminus (Pulmonata: Bradybaenidae) occurring in East Asia. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 70: 171 - 181. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2013.09.020" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Hirano
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA8CA422FFA43A75FC54FCF143E8" box="[810,876,964,990]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="77">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B6FA422FFA43A93FC55FA9343E9" author="Kohler F. & Criscione F." box="[972,1294,964,991]" pageId="22" pageNumber="77" pagination="44 - 55" refId="ref10920" refString="Kohler F. & Criscione F. 2015. A molecular phylogeny of camaenid land snails from northwestern Australia unravels widespread homoplasy in morphological characters (Gastropoda, Helicoidea). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 83: 44 - 55. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2014.11.009" type="journal article" year="2015">Köhler & Criscione 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B6FA422FFA43C7BFC55FEDF4437" author="Kohler F. & Criscione F. & Shea M." pageId="22" pageNumber="77" pagination="1005 - 1020" refId="ref10975" refString="Kohler F., Criscione F. & Shea M. 2020. A mitochondrial phylogeny uncovers taxonomic ambiguity and complex phylogeographic patterns in the eastern Australian land snail Austrochloritis (Stylommatophora, Camaenidae). Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 58: 1005 - 1020. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jzs. 12366" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Köhler
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA8CA422FFA439E2FC79FF614437" box="[189,252,999,1025]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="77">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2020
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B6FA422FFA4380AFC76FDC24437" author="Sutcharit C. & Jeratthitikul E. & Pholyotha A. & Lin A. & Panha S." box="[341,607,999,1025]" pageId="22" pageNumber="77" pagination="957 - 981" refId="ref12559" refString="Sutcharit C., Jeratthitikul E., Pholyotha A., Lin A. & Panha S. 2020 a. Molecular phylogeny reveals high diversity and endemism in the limestone karst-restricted land snail genus Sophina Benson, 1859 from Myanmar (Eupulmonata: Helicarionidae), with description of four new species. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 58: 957 - 981. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jzs. 12420" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Sutcharit
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA8CA422FFA43893FC79FD964437" box="[460,523,999,1025]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="77">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2020a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, the classification of these three genera based on the presence or absence of the dart apparatus and flagellum is consistent with the molecular phylogeny (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B6FA422FFA43998FBBFFE54447E" author="Sutcharit C. & Jeratthitikul E. & Pholyotha A. & Lin A. & Panha S." box="[199,457,1070,1096]" pageId="22" pageNumber="77" pagination="957 - 981" refId="ref12559" refString="Sutcharit C., Jeratthitikul E., Pholyotha A., Lin A. & Panha S. 2020 a. Molecular phylogeny reveals high diversity and endemism in the limestone karst-restricted land snail genus Sophina Benson, 1859 from Myanmar (Eupulmonata: Helicarionidae), with description of four new species. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 58: 957 - 981. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jzs. 12420" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Sutcharit
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA8CA422FFA43864FBBFFEEA447E" box="[315,375,1070,1096]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="77">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2020a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC8369EA422FFA439E2FBE1FC764665" blockId="22.[187,1400,1135,1619]" pageId="22" pageNumber="77">
|
||
From the East of Tenasserim Range to northeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F360760EA422FFA43A44FBFEFC1444BF" box="[795,905,1135,1161]" name="Thailand" pageId="22" pageNumber="77">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
, three
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D1DA422FFA43A8DFBFEFA9544BF" box="[978,1288,1135,1161]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Aenigmatoconcha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="22" pageNumber="77" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA8CA422FFA43A8DFBFEFB3744BF" box="[978,1194,1135,1161]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="77">Aenigmatoconcha</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurred in a few limestone karsts, while only
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D1DA422FFA43B26FB02FD49449A" baseAuthorityName="Pfeiffer" baseAuthorityYear="1863" box="[633,724,1171,1197]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Aenigmatoconcha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="22" pageNumber="77" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="mitis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA8CA422FFA43B26FB02FD49449A" box="[633,724,1171,1197]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="77">A. mitis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs in many limestone karsts from central to western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F360760EA422FFA439E2FB24FEBA44F9" box="[189,295,1205,1231]" name="Thailand" pageId="22" pageNumber="77">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="134C2A1BA422FFA43864FB24FE1944E6" box="[315,388,1205,1232]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[189,232,1962,1988]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,678,1922]" captionTargetId="figure-108@2.[189,1398,678,1922]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Geographic distribution of four species of Aenigmatoconcha Tumpeesuwan & Tumpeesuwan, 2017 based on specimens examined herein." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5528136" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5528136/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="77">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D1DA422FFA438FEFB24FD7644F9" authorityName="Tumpeesuwan & Tumpeesuwan" authorityYear="2017" box="[417,747,1205,1231]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Aenigmatoconcha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="22" pageNumber="77" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="clivicola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA8CA422FFA438FEFB24FD7644F9" box="[417,747,1205,1231]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="77">Aenigmatoconcha clivicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is confined to
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B3F87CA422FFA43AF7FB24FBCA44F9" box="[936,1111,1205,1231]" country="Thailand" name="Loei" pageId="22" pageNumber="77">Loei Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
, northeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F360760EA422FFA43C5AFB24FAEF44F9" box="[1285,1394,1205,1231]" name="Thailand" pageId="22" pageNumber="77">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
, while
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D1DA422FFA43857FB48FE1D44C4" box="[264,384,1241,1267]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Aenigmatoconcha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="22" pageNumber="77" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="eunetis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA8CA422FFA43857FB48FE1D44C4" box="[264,384,1241,1267]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="77">A. eunetis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23057F7A422FFA438D7FB48FE7B44C5" box="[392,486,1241,1267]" pageId="22" pageNumber="77" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
to
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B3F87CA422FFA43B51FB48FC8844C5" box="[526,789,1241,1267]" country="Thailand" name="Uthai Thani" pageId="22" pageNumber="77">Uthai Thani Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
, central
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F360760EA422FFA43A23FB48FC7744C5" box="[892,1002,1241,1267]" name="Thailand" pageId="22" pageNumber="77">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D1DA422FFA43D74FB48FB5644C5" authorityName="Tumpeesuwan & Tumpeesuwan" authorityYear="2018" box="[1067,1227,1241,1267]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Aenigmatoconcha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="22" pageNumber="77" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sumonthai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA8CA422FFA43D74FB48FB5644C5" box="[1067,1227,1241,1267]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="77">A. sumonthai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B3F87CA422FFA43DADFB48FEB14520" country="Thailand" name="Chumphon" pageId="22" pageNumber="77">Chumphon Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
, southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F360760EA422FFA438FBFB6DFD8F4520" box="[420,530,1276,1302]" name="Thailand" pageId="22" pageNumber="77">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The isolation explains the degree of endemism and the very high genetic divergence among sister lineages (9.7% to 12.0%) within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D1DA422FFA43ADFFA8EFBCA450F" authorityName="Tumpeesuwan & Tumpeesuwan" authorityYear="2017" box="[896,1111,1311,1337]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Aenigmatoconcha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="22" pageNumber="77" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA8CA422FFA43ADFFA8EFBCA450F" box="[896,1111,1311,1337]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="77">Aenigmatoconcha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Regarding the West of Tenasserim Range,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D1DA422FFA438F1FAD3FD8D456A" authorityName="Benson" authorityYear="1859" box="[430,528,1346,1372]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Sophina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="22" pageNumber="77" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA8CA422FFA438F1FAD3FD8D456A" box="[430,528,1346,1372]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="77">Sophina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also reveals a high degree of endemism and localization with a pattern of one outcrop for one lineage in the Salween Basin, Southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F360760EA422FFA43A9CFAF7FBA445B6" box="[963,1081,1382,1408]" name="Myanmar" pageId="22" pageNumber="77">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
|
||
. These phenomena can be generally observed in karst-restricted animals because a very large number of ecological niches in karst ecosystems promote their evolutionary diversification and evolution of remarkably different lifestyles (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B6FA422FFA43998FA5EFE5145DF" author="Clements R. & Sodhi N. S. & Schilthuizen M. & Ng P. K." box="[199,460,1487,1513]" pageId="22" pageNumber="77" pagination="733 - 742" refId="ref9961" refString="Clements R., Sodhi N. S., Schilthuizen M. & Ng P. K. 2006. Limestone karsts of Southeast Asia: Imperiled arks of biodiversity. Bioscience 56 (9): 733 - 742. https: // doi. org / fq 9 mjv" type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Clements
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA8CA422FFA4381BFA41FE1945DF" box="[324,388,1487,1513]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="77">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B6FA422FFA438BFFA41FD2C45DF" author="Foon J. K. & Clements G. R. & Liew T. - S." box="[480,689,1487,1514]" pageId="22" pageNumber="77" pagination="1 - 94" refId="ref10242" refString="Foon J. K., Clements G. R. & Liew T. - S. 2017. Diversity and biogeography of land snails (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the limestone hills of Perak, Peninsular Malaysia. ZooKeys 682: 1 - 94. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 682.12999" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Foon
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA8CA422FFA43B76FA41FDF445DF" box="[553,617,1487,1513]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="77">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B6FA422FFA43B9AFA5EFC2645DF" author="Grismer L. L. & Wood P. L. & Le M. D. & Quah E. S. H. & Grismer J. L." box="[709,955,1487,1513]" pageId="22" pageNumber="77" pagination="13717 - 13730" refId="ref10334" refString="Grismer L. L., Wood P. L., Le M. D., Quah E. S. H. & Grismer J. L. 2020. Evolution of habitat preference in 243 species of Bent-toed geckos (Genus Cyrtodactylus Gray, 1827) with a discussion of karst habitat conservation. Ecology and Evolution 10: 13717 - 13730. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / ece 3.6961" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Grismer
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA8CA422FFA43A6CFA41FCEF45DF" box="[819,882,1487,1513]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="77">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2020
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B6FA422FFA43A90FA5EFB4145DF" author="Sutcharit C. & Jeratthitikul E. & Pholyotha A. & Lin A. & Panha S." box="[975,1244,1487,1513]" pageId="22" pageNumber="77" pagination="957 - 981" refId="ref12559" refString="Sutcharit C., Jeratthitikul E., Pholyotha A., Lin A. & Panha S. 2020 a. Molecular phylogeny reveals high diversity and endemism in the limestone karst-restricted land snail genus Sophina Benson, 1859 from Myanmar (Eupulmonata: Helicarionidae), with description of four new species. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 58: 957 - 981. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jzs. 12420" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Sutcharit
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA8CA422FFA43D18FA41FB1A45DF" box="[1095,1159,1487,1513]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="77">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2020a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Therefore, our discovery enhances the understanding of karst biodiversity and supplements the information on terrestrial snails in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F360760EA422FFA438ECF984FD804619" box="[435,541,1557,1583]" name="Thailand" pageId="22" pageNumber="77">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
available for efforts to establish well-planned and knowledge-based conservation procedures for Thai limestone protection in the future.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |