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<mods:title id="412C324421E7DA0E898AB3CF8EE17543">Taxonomic revision of the Phanaeus endymion species group (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), with the descriptions of five new species</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="4C634D67FFEFFFD0FDB84443BCC83C59" ID-CoL="874G8" authority="Balthasar, 1939" authorityName="Balthasar" authorityYear="1939" box="[528,954,1608,1635]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="funereus" status="stat. nov.">
<emphasis id="B917EAF6FFEFFFD0FDB84443BD8E3C58" bold="true" box="[528,764,1608,1635]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Phanaeus funereus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B15FFEFFFD0FCAB4443BCC83C59" author="Balthasar V." box="[771,954,1608,1635]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="238 - 247" refId="ref36059" refString="Balthasar V. 1939. Neue Phanaeus - Arten. Folia Zoologica et Hydrobiologica 9: 238 - 247." type="journal article" year="1939">Balthasar, 1939</bibRefCitation>
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<paragraph id="8BDC36E4FFEFFFD0FDDC4462BCB23CBE" blockId="17.[528,1060,1608,1668]" box="[628,960,1641,1668]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<figureCitation id="13582A61FFEFFFD0FDDC4462BDA23CBE" box="[628,720,1641,1668]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[189,232,1681,1707]" captionTargetBox="[334,1251,265,1642]" captionTargetId="figure-153@8.[333,1254,265,1655]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 1. Endophallite copulatrix of the Phanaeus endymion species group (except for P. arletteae Arnaud, 2018). A. Phanaeus bravoensis Moctezuma, Sánchez-Huerta &amp; Halffter, 2017 (IEXA). B. Phanaeus chiapanecus sp. nov. (TAMU). C. Phanaeus edmondsi Moctezuma, Deloya &amp; Halffter, 2019 (IEXA). D. Phanaeus endymion Harold, 1863 (VMC). E. Phanaeus funereus Balthasar, 1939 stat. rev. (VMC). F. Phanaeus halffterorum Edmonds, 1979 (TAMU). G. Phanaeus huichol Moctezuma, Sánchez- Huerta &amp; Halffter, 2017 (IEXA). H. Phanaeus jackenioi sp. nov. (UVGC). I. Phanaeus malyi Arnaud, 2002 (VMC). J. Phanaeus olsoufieffi Balthasar, 1939 stat. rev. (VMC). K. Phanaeus pacificus sp. nov. (UVGC). L. Phanaeus panamensis sp. nov. (TAMU). M. Phanaeus porioni Arnaud, 2001 stat. rev. (VMC). N. Phanaeus pyrois Bates, 1887 (VMC).O. Phanaeus rzedowskii sp. nov. (TAMU).P. Phanaeus zapotecus Edmonds, 2006 (VMC). Q. Phanaeus zoque Moctezuma &amp; Halffter, 2017 (IEXA)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4836748" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4836748/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Figs 1E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13582A61FFEFFFD0FD754461BC703CBE" box="[733,770,1642,1668]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[189,232,1786,1812]" captionTargetBox="[260,1330,265,1758]" captionTargetId="figure-104@9.[257,1330,265,1765]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 2. Lateral view of males within the Phanaeus endymion species group. A. Phanaeus chiapanecus sp. nov. (TAMU). B. Phanaeus endymion Harold, 1863 (VMC). C. Phanaeus funereus Balthasar, 1939 stat. rev. (VMC). D. Phanaeus jackenioi sp. nov. (UVGC). E. Phanaeus malyi Arnaud, 2002 (VMC). F. Phanaeus olsoufieffi Balthasar, 1939 stat. rev. (VMC). G. Phanaeus pacificus sp. nov. (UVGC). H. Phanaeus panamensis sp. nov. (TAMU). I. Phanaeus porioni Arnaud, 2001 stat. rev. (VMC). J. Phanaeus pyrois Bates, 1887, green morph (VMC). K. Phanaeus rzedowskii sp. nov. (TAMU). L. Phanaeus zapotecus Edmonds, 2006 (VMC)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4836752" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4836752/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">2C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13582A61FFEFFFD0FCA64462BC6C3CBE" box="[782,798,1641,1668]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="19.[189,232,1962,1988]" captionTargetBox="[189,1373,555,1930]" captionTargetId="figure-106@19.[189,1399,555,1931]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 5. Phanaeus funereus Balthasar, 1939 stat. rev. A. ♂ (TAMU). B. ♀ (TAMU). C. Holotype, ♂ (by Jiří Hájek, Národní Muzeum, Prague, Czech Republic) (NMPC)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4836764" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4836764/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">5</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13582A61FFEFFFD0FC844461BC393CBE" box="[812,843,1642,1668]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="54.[191,234,1247,1273]" captionTargetBox="[193,1393,268,1195]" captionTargetId="figure-243@54.[189,1396,265,1198]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="Fig. 17. Distribution of the Phanaeus endymion species group in South America. Phanaeus malyi Arnaud, 2001 was reported from Colombia without accurate locality. Phanaeus arletteae Arnaud, 2018 was modified from Arnaud (2018)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4836800" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4836800/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">17</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13582A61FFEFFFD0FCF04461BCF43CBE" box="[856,902,1642,1668]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="55.[189,232,1681,1707]" captionTargetBox="[258,1329,264,1646]" captionTargetId="figure-157@55.[258,1329,264,1646]" captionTargetPageId="55" captionText="Fig. 18. Pronotum of females within the Phanaeus endymion species group. A. Phanaeus arletteae Arnaud, 2018 (modified from Arnaud 2018). B. Phanaeus bravoensis Moctezuma, Sánchez-Huerta &amp; Halffter, 2017 (by Jose Luis Sánchez-Huerta).C. Phanaeus chiapanecus sp. nov. D. Phanaeus edmondsi Moctezuma, Deloya &amp; Halffter, 2019 (by Jose Luis Sánchez-Huerta). E. Phanaeus endymion Harold, 1863. F. Phanaeus funereus Balthasar, 1939 stat. rev. G. Phanaeus halffterorum Edmonds, 1979 (by Jose Luis Sánchez-Huerta).H. Phanaeus huichol Moctezuma, Sánchez-Huerta &amp; Halffter, 2017 (by Jose Luis Sánchez-Huerta). I. Phanaeus jackenioi sp. nov. J. Phanaeus malyi Arnaud, 2002. K. Phanaeus olsoufieffi Balthasar, 1939 stat. rev. L. Phanaeus pacificus sp. nov. M. Phanaeus panamensis sp. nov. N. Phanaeus porioni Arnaud, 2001 stat. rev. O. Phanaeus pyrois Bates, 1887. P. Phanaeus rzedowskii sp. nov. Q. Phanaeus zapotecus Edmonds, 2006. R. Phanaeus zoque Moctezuma &amp; Halffter, 2017." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4836802" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4836802/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">18F</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13582A61FFEFFFD0FC3A4461BCB23CBE" box="[914,960,1642,1668]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="56.[189,231,1678,1704]" captionTargetBox="[306,1282,265,1646]" captionTargetId="figure-158@56.[306,1282,265,1646]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="Fig. 19. Elytral integument of species within the Phanaeus endymion species group. A. Phanaeus arletteae Arnaud, 2018 (modified from Arnaud 2018). B. Phanaeus bravoensis Moctezuma, Sánchez- Huerta &amp; Halffter, 2017 (by Jose Luis Sánchez-Huerta). C. Phanaeus chiapanecus sp. nov. D. Phanaeus edmondsi Moctezuma, Deloya &amp; Halffter, 2019 (by Jose Luis Sánchez-Huerta). E. Phanaeus endymion Harold, 1863. F. Phanaeus funereus Balthasar, 1939 stat. rev. G. Phanaeus halffterorum Edmonds, 1979 (by Jose Luis Sánchez-Huerta). H. Phanaeus huichol Moctezuma, Sánchez-Huerta &amp; Halffter, 2017 (by Jose Luis Sánchez-Huerta). I. Phanaeus jackenioi sp. nov. J. Phanaeus malyi Arnaud, 2002.K. Phanaeus olsoufieffi Balthasar, 1939 stat. rev. L. Phanaeus pacificus sp. nov. M. Phanaeus panamensis sp. nov. N. Phanaeus porioni Arnaud, 2001 stat. rev. O. Phanaeus pyrois Bates, 1887. P. Phanaeus rzedowskii sp. nov. Q. Phanaeus zapotecus Edmonds, 2006. R. Phanaeus zoque Moctezuma &amp; Halffter, 2017." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4836804" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4836804/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">19F</figureCitation>
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<emphasis id="B917EAF6FFEFFFD0FF1544A2BE433CF9" box="[189,305,1705,1731]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Phanaeus</emphasis>
(s. str.)
<emphasis id="B917EAF6FFEFFFD0FE3844A2BE863CF9" box="[400,500,1705,1731]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">funereus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B15FFEFFFD0FE5344A2BD833CF9" author="Balthasar V." box="[507,753,1705,1731]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="238 - 247" refId="ref36059" refString="Balthasar V. 1939. Neue Phanaeus - Arten. Folia Zoologica et Hydrobiologica 9: 238 - 247." type="journal article" year="1939">Balthasar, 1939: 241</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<emphasis id="B917EAF6FFEFFFD0FF1544E3BEEF3D38" box="[189,413,1768,1794]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Phanaeus funereus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
–
<treatmentCitation id="0AC210F5FFEFFFD0FE1344E3BDDE3D38" author="Edmonds W. D." box="[443,684,1768,1794]" page="830" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" year="1972">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B15FFEFFFD0FE1344E3BDDE3D38" author="Edmonds W. D." box="[443,684,1768,1794]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="731 - 874" refId="ref37422" refString="Edmonds W. D. 1972. Comparative skeletal morphology, systematics and evolution of the Phanaeine dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). The University of Kansas Science Bulletin 49: 731 - 874." type="journal article" year="1972">Edmonds 1972: 830</bibRefCitation>
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;
<treatmentCitation id="0AC210F5FFEFFFD0FD1144E3BC663D38" author="Edmonds W. D." box="[697,788,1768,1794]" page="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" year="1994">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B15FFEFFFD0FD1144E3BC663D38" author="Edmonds W. D." box="[697,788,1768,1794]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="1 - 105" refId="ref37487" refString="Edmonds W. D. 1994. Revision of Phanaeus Macleay, a New World genus of Scarabaeinae dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae). Contributions in Science, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County 443: 1 - 105." type="journal article" year="1994">1994: 3</bibRefCitation>
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, 9, 45–46 (as synonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C634D67FFEFFFD0FBF944E2BBC43D38" ID-CoL="4FSJX" authorityName="Bates, Det. W. D. Edmonds" authorityYear="1887" box="[1105,1206,1769,1794]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pyrois">
<emphasis id="B917EAF6FFEFFFD0FBF944E2BBC43D38" box="[1105,1206,1769,1794]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. pyrois</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). —
<treatmentCitation id="0AC210F5FFEFFFD0FB5C44E3BECF3D19" author="Howden H. F. &amp; Young O. P." page="137" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" year="1981">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B15FFEFFFD0FB5C44E3BECF3D19" author="Howden H. F. &amp; Young O. P." pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="1 - 204" refId="ref39249" refString="Howden H. F. &amp; Young O. P. 1981. Panamanian Scarabaeinae: Taxonomy, distribution, and habits (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae). Contributions of the American Entomological Institute 18: 1 - 204." type="journal article" year="1981">Howden &amp; Young 1981: 137</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(in part). —
<treatmentCitation id="0AC210F5FFEFFFD0FDCC4502BC323D19" author="Arnaud P." box="[612,832,1801,1827]" page="116" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" year="1982">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B15FFEFFFD0FDCC4502BC323D19" author="Arnaud P." box="[612,832,1801,1827]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="113 - 118" refId="ref35745" refString="Arnaud P. 1982. Liste des types de Phanaeini du Museum National D'Histoire Naturelle de Paris [Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae]. Revue francaise d'Entomologie (N. S.) 4: 113 - 118." type="journal article" year="1982">Arnaud 1982: 116</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(as synonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C634D67FFEFFFD0FBBA4501BBC13D19" ID-CoL="856BJ" authorityName="Harold" authorityYear="1871" box="[1042,1203,1801,1827]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="blanchardi">
<emphasis id="B917EAF6FFEFFFD0FBBA4501BBC13D19" box="[1042,1203,1801,1827]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. blanchardi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); 2002b: 97 (as subspecies of
<taxonomicName id="4C634D67FFEFFFD0FE3D4521BE8E3D79" ID-CoL="4FSJX" authorityName="Bates, Det. W. D. Edmonds" authorityYear="1887" box="[405,508,1834,1859]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pyrois">
<emphasis id="B917EAF6FFEFFFD0FE3D4521BE8E3D79" box="[405,508,1834,1859]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. pyrois</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). —
<treatmentCitation id="0AC210F5FFEFFFD0FDE84521BC693D7E" author="Krajcik M." box="[576,795,1833,1860]" page="152" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" year="2006">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B15FFEFFFD0FDE84521BC693D7E" author="Krajcik M." box="[576,795,1833,1860]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="1 - 189" refId="ref39668" refString="Krajcik M. 2006. Checklist of Scarabaeoidea of the World. 1. Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae). Animma. X. Suplement 3: 1 - 189." type="journal article" year="2006">Krajcik 2006: 152</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(as synonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C634D67FFEFFFD0FC424521BB203D79" ID-CoL="4FSJX" authorityName="Bates, Det. W. D. Edmonds" authorityYear="1887" box="[1002,1106,1834,1859]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pyrois">
<emphasis id="B917EAF6FFEFFFD0FC424521BB203D79" box="[1002,1106,1834,1859]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. pyrois</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). —
<treatmentCitation id="0AC210F5FFEFFFD0FB3D4521BE313D5F" author="Solis A. &amp; Kohlmann B." page="8" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" year="2012">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B15FFEFFFD0FB3D4521BE313D5F" author="Solis A. &amp; Kohlmann B." pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="1 - 32" refId="ref42322" refString="Solis A. &amp; Kohlmann B. 2012. Checklist and distribution atlas of the Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) of Costa Rica. Zootaxa 3482: 1 - 32." type="journal article" year="2012">Solís &amp; Kohlmann 2012: 8</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(as synonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C634D67FFEFFFD0FDA94540BD173D5E" ID-CoL="4FSJX" authorityName="Bates, Det. W. D. Edmonds" authorityYear="1887" box="[513,613,1867,1892]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pyrois">
<emphasis id="B917EAF6FFEFFFD0FDA94540BD173D5E" box="[513,613,1867,1892]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. pyrois</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). —
<treatmentCitation id="0AC210F5FFEFFFD0FD094540BCAA3D5F" author="Edmonds W. D. &amp; Zidek J." box="[673,984,1867,1893]" page="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" year="2012">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B15FFEFFFD0FD094540BCAA3D5F" author="Edmonds W. D. &amp; Zidek J." box="[673,984,1867,1893]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="1 - 108" refId="ref37762" refString="Edmonds W. D. &amp; Zidek J. 2012. Taxonomy of Phanaeus revisited: Revised keys to and comments on species of the New World dung beetle genus Phanaeus Macleay, 1819 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Phanaeini). Insecta Mundi 274: 1 - 108." type="journal article" year="2012">Edmonds &amp; Zídek 2012: 3</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, 5, 13 (as synonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C634D67FFEFFFD0FB754540BA323D5E" ID-CoL="4FSJX" authorityName="Bates, Det. W. D. Edmonds" authorityYear="1887" box="[1245,1344,1867,1892]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pyrois">
<emphasis id="B917EAF6FFEFFFD0FB754540BA323D5E" box="[1245,1344,1867,1892]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. pyrois</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). —
<treatmentCitation id="0AC210F5FFEFFFD0FF414560BD293DBC" author="Chamorro W. &amp; Marin-Armijos D. &amp; Asenjo A." box="[233,603,1899,1926]" page="220" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" year="2019">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B15FFEFFFD0FF414560BD293DBC" author="Chamorro W. &amp; Marin-Armijos D. &amp; Asenjo A." box="[233,603,1899,1926]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="1 - 343" refId="ref36626" refString="Chamorro W., Marin-Armijos D. &amp; Asenjo A. 2019. Scarabaeinae dung beetles from Ecuador: a catalog, nomenclatural acts, and distribution records. ZooKeys 826: 1 - 343. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 826.26488" type="journal article" year="2019">
Chamorro
<emphasis id="B917EAF6FFEFFFD0FEC14567BEEE3DBF" box="[361,412,1899,1925]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al</emphasis>
. 2019: 220–221
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(as synonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C634D67FFEFFFD0FCB74567BCF63DBF" ID-CoL="4FSJX" authorityName="Bates, Det. W. D. Edmonds" authorityYear="1887" box="[799,900,1900,1925]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pyrois">
<emphasis id="B917EAF6FFEFFFD0FCB74567BCF63DBF" box="[799,900,1900,1925]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. pyrois</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDC36E4FFEFFFD0FF154587BA5A3D9D" blockId="17.[189,1399,1768,2025]" box="[189,1320,1932,1959]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7311CAFFEFFFD0FF154587BA5A3D9D" box="[189,1320,1932,1959]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName id="4C634D67FFEFFFD0FF154587BD593D9D" ID-CoL="874G8" authorityName="Balthasar" authorityYear="1939" baseAuthorityName="Balthasar" baseAuthorityYear="1939" box="[189,555,1932,1959]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="funereus" subGenus="Phanaeus">
<emphasis id="B917EAF6FFEFFFD0FF154587BE433D9C" box="[189,305,1932,1958]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Phanaeus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B917EAF6FFEFFFD0FEEA4587BEC43D9C" box="[322,438,1932,1958]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Phanaeus</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B917EAF6FFEFFFD0FE6F4586BD593D9D" box="[455,555,1933,1959]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">funereus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
–
<treatmentCitation id="0AC210F5FFEFFFD0FDE04586BCEE3D9D" author="Martinez A &amp; Pereira F. S." box="[584,924,1932,1959]" page="53" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" year="1967">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B15FFEFFFD0FDE04586BCEE3D9D" author="Martinez A &amp; Pereira F. S." box="[584,924,1932,1959]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="53 - 69" refId="ref40118" refString="Martinez A &amp; Pereira F. S. 1967. Notas escarabeidologicas III (Col. Scarabaeidae-Scarabaeinae). Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina 29: 53 - 69." type="journal article" year="1967">Martínez &amp; Pereira 1967: 53</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, 68 (as synonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C634D67FFEFFFD0FB214586BA653D9C" ID-CoL="874GF" authorityName="Balthasar" authorityYear="1939" baseAuthorityName="Balthasar" baseAuthorityYear="1939" box="[1161,1303,1932,1958]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="olsoufieffi">
<emphasis id="B917EAF6FFEFFFD0FB214586BA653D9C" box="[1161,1303,1932,1958]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. olsoufieffi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDC36E4FFEFFFD0FF1545A6BC283DD3" blockId="17.[189,1399,1768,2025]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7311CAFFEFFFD0FF1545A6BC283DD3" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName id="4C634D67FFEFFFD0FF1545A6BDB13DFD" ID-CoL="874G8" authorityName="Balthasar" authorityYear="1939" box="[189,707,1965,1992]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="pyrois" subGenus="Notiophanaeus" subSpecies="funereus">
<emphasis id="B917EAF6FFEFFFD0FF1545A6BE433DFD" box="[189,305,1965,1991]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Phanaeus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B917EAF6FFEFFFD0FEEE45A6BE8A3DFD" box="[326,504,1965,1991]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Notiophanaeus</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B917EAF6FFEFFFD0FDA445A5BDB13DFD" box="[524,707,1965,1991]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">pyrois funereus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
–
<treatmentCitation id="0AC210F5FFEFFFD0FD4F45A6BC823DF2" author="Arnaud P." box="[743,1008,1965,1992]" page="97" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" year="2002">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B15FFEFFFD0FD4F45A6BC823DF2" author="Arnaud P." box="[743,1008,1965,1992]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refId="ref35859" refString="Arnaud P. 2002 b. Phanaeini. Dendropaemon, Tetramereia, Homalotarsus, Megatharsis, Diabroctis, Coprophanaeus, Oxysternon, Phanaeus, Sulcophanaeus. Hillside Books, Canterbury." type="book" year="2002">Arnaud 2002b: 97–98</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(as subspecies of
<taxonomicName id="4C634D67FFEFFFD0FB7C45A5BA4F3DFD" ID-CoL="4FSJX" authorityName="Bates, Det. W. D. Edmonds" authorityYear="1887" box="[1236,1341,1966,1991]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pyrois">
<emphasis id="B917EAF6FFEFFFD0FB7C45A5BA4F3DFD" box="[1236,1341,1966,1991]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. pyrois</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). —
<treatmentCitation id="0AC210F5FFEFFFD0FF4245C5BD533DD2" author="Chamorro W. &amp; Marin-Armijos D. &amp; Asenjo A." box="[234,545,1998,2025]" page="220" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" year="2019">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B15FFEFFFD0FF4245C5BD533DD2" author="Chamorro W. &amp; Marin-Armijos D. &amp; Asenjo A." box="[234,545,1998,2025]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="1 - 343" refId="ref36626" refString="Chamorro W., Marin-Armijos D. &amp; Asenjo A. 2019. Scarabaeinae dung beetles from Ecuador: a catalog, nomenclatural acts, and distribution records. ZooKeys 826: 1 - 343. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 826.26488" type="journal article" year="2019">
Chamorro
<emphasis id="B917EAF6FFEFFFD0FEC145C4BEEE3DD2" box="[361,412,1998,2024]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al</emphasis>
. 2019: 220
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(as synonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C634D67FFEFFFD0FD4C45C4BC3B3DD2" ID-CoL="4FSJX" authorityName="Bates, Det. W. D. Edmonds" authorityYear="1887" box="[740,841,1999,2024]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pyrois">
<emphasis id="B917EAF6FFEFFFD0FD4C45C4BC3B3DD2" box="[740,841,1999,2024]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. pyrois</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDC36E4FFECFFD3FF154302BBDF3B1E" blockId="18.[189,1213,265,326]" box="[189,1197,265,292]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7311CAFFECFFD3FF154302BBDF3B1E" box="[189,1197,265,292]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicName id="4C634D67FFECFFD3FF154302BE9E3B19" ID-CoL="874G8" authorityName="Balthasar" authorityYear="1939" box="[189,492,265,291]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="pyrois" subSpecies="funereus">
<emphasis id="B917EAF6FFECFFD3FF154302BE9E3B19" box="[189,492,265,291]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Phanaeus pyrois funereus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
–
<treatmentCitation id="0AC210F5FFECFFD3FDA14302BC4A3B19" author="Kohlmann B. &amp; Arriaga-Jimenez A. &amp; Ros M." box="[521,824,265,292]" page="79" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="2018">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B15FFECFFD3FDA14302BC4A3B19" author="Kohlmann B. &amp; Arriaga-Jimenez A. &amp; Ros M." box="[521,824,265,292]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="67 - 93" refId="ref39574" refString="Kohlmann B., Arriaga-Jimenez A. &amp; Ros M. 2018. Dung beetle vicariant speciation in the mountains of Oaxaca, Mexico, with a description of a new species of Phanaeus (Coleoptera, Geotrupidae, Scarabaeidae). ZooKeys 743: 67 - 93. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 743.23029" type="journal article" year="2018">
Kohlmann
<emphasis id="B917EAF6FFECFFD3FD244301BDB23B19" box="[652,704,265,291]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">et al</emphasis>
. 2018: 79
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, 93 (as subspecies of
<taxonomicName id="4C634D67FFECFFD3FB9F4301BBEE3B19" ID-CoL="4FSJX" authorityName="Bates, Det. W. D. Edmonds" authorityYear="1887" box="[1079,1180,266,291]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pyrois">
<emphasis id="B917EAF6FFECFFD3FB9F4301BBEE3B19" box="[1079,1180,266,291]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">P. pyrois</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDC36E4FFECFFD3FF154320BBCF3B7C" blockId="18.[189,1213,265,326]" box="[189,1213,299,326]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7311CAFFECFFD3FF154320BBCF3B7C" box="[189,1213,299,326]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicName id="4C634D67FFECFFD3FF154320BE843B7F" ID-CoL="874G8" authorityName="Balthasar" authorityYear="1939" baseAuthorityName="Balthasar" baseAuthorityYear="1939" box="[189,502,299,326]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="funereus">
<emphasis id="B917EAF6FFECFFD3FF154320BE433B7F" box="[189,305,299,325]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Phanaeus</emphasis>
(s. str.)
<emphasis id="B917EAF6FFECFFD3FE3A4320BE843B7F" box="[402,502,299,325]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">funereus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
–
<treatmentCitation id="0AC210F5FFECFFD3FDBB4320BCF63B7F" author="Chamorro W. &amp; Marin-Armijos D. &amp; Asenjo A." box="[531,900,299,326]" page="220" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="2019">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B15FFECFFD3FDBB4320BCF63B7F" author="Chamorro W. &amp; Marin-Armijos D. &amp; Asenjo A." box="[531,900,299,326]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="1 - 343" refId="ref36626" refString="Chamorro W., Marin-Armijos D. &amp; Asenjo A. 2019. Scarabaeinae dung beetles from Ecuador: a catalog, nomenclatural acts, and distribution records. ZooKeys 826: 1 - 343. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 826.26488" type="journal article" year="2019">
Chamorro
<emphasis id="B917EAF6FFECFFD3FD394327BDB73B7F" box="[657,709,299,325]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">et al</emphasis>
. 2019: 220–221
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(as synonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C634D67FFECFFD3FBEF4327BBDE3B7F" ID-CoL="4FSJX" authorityName="Bates, Det. W. D. Edmonds" authorityYear="1887" box="[1095,1196,300,325]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pyrois">
<emphasis id="B917EAF6FFECFFD3FBEF4327BBDE3B7F" box="[1095,1196,300,325]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">P. pyrois</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDC36E4FFECFFD3FF154367BBD03B92" blockId="18.[189,1398,363,424]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7311CAFFECFFD3FF154367BBD03B92" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
Non
<taxonomicName id="4C634D67FFECFFD3FF5E4367BECB3BBF" ID-CoL="4FSJX" authorityName="Bates, Det. W. D. Edmonds" authorityYear="1887" box="[246,441,364,390]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pyrois">
<emphasis id="B917EAF6FFECFFD3FF5E4367BECB3BBF" box="[246,441,364,390]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Phanaeus pyrois</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(error) –
<treatmentCitation id="0AC210F5FFECFFD3FD804367BC4D3BBC" author="Medina C. A. &amp; Lopera A. &amp; Vitolo. A. &amp; Gill B." box="[552,831,364,390]" page="140" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="2001">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B15FFECFFD3FD804367BC4D3BBC" author="Medina C. A. &amp; Lopera A. &amp; Vitolo. A. &amp; Gill B." box="[552,831,364,390]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="131 - 144" refId="ref40362" refString="Medina C. A., Lopera A., Vitolo. A. &amp; Gill B. 2001. Escarabajos coprofagos (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae) de Colombia. Biota Colombiana 2: 131 - 144." type="journal article" year="2001">
Medina
<emphasis id="B917EAF6FFECFFD3FD204367BDC93BBC" box="[648,699,364,390]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">et al</emphasis>
. 2001: 140
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(in part). —
<treatmentCitation id="0AC210F5FFECFFD3FC7E4367BA3D3BBC" author="Moctezuma V. &amp; Halffter G." box="[982,1359,363,390]" page="55" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="2017">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B15FFECFFD3FC7E4367BA3D3BBC" author="Moctezuma V. &amp; Halffter G." box="[982,1359,363,390]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="47 - 56" refId="ref40548" refString="Moctezuma V. &amp; Halffter G. 2017. A new species of Phanaeus Macleay (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) from Los Chimalapas, Oaxaca, Mexico. The Coleopterists Bulletin 71: 47 - 56. https: // doi. org / 10.1649 / 0010 - 065 X- 71.1.47" type="journal article" year="2017">Moctezuma &amp; Halffter 2017: 55</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(in part). — Moctezuma
<emphasis id="B917EAF6FFECFFD3FE4F4384BD683B92" box="[487,538,398,424]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">et al</emphasis>
. 2017: 114, 130 (in part). —
<treatmentCitation id="0AC210F5FFECFFD3FCDB4385BBEC3B92" author="Chamorro W. &amp; Marin-Armijos D. &amp; Granda V. &amp; Vaz-de-Mello F. Z." box="[883,1182,398,424]" page="98" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="2018">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B15FFECFFD3FCDB4385BBEC3B92" author="Chamorro W. &amp; Marin-Armijos D. &amp; Granda V. &amp; Vaz-de-Mello F. Z." box="[883,1182,398,424]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="72 - 100" refId="ref36557" refString="Chamorro W., Marin-Armijos D., Granda V. &amp; Vaz-de-Mello F. Z. 2018. Listado de especies y clave de generos y subgeneros de escarabajos estercoleros (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) presentes y presuntos para Ecuador. Revista Colombiana de Entomologia 44: 72 - 100. https: // doi. org / 10.25100 / socolen. v 44 i 1.6545" type="journal article" year="2018">
Chamorro
<emphasis id="B917EAF6FFECFFD3FC594384BB563B92" box="[1009,1060,398,424]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">et al</emphasis>
. 2018: 98
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C379656FFFECFFD3FF1543C5BE4238F8" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BDC36E4FFECFFD3FF1543C5BE443BD2" blockId="18.[189,310,462,488]" box="[189,310,462,488]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<heading id="D0948188FFECFFD3FF1543C5BE443BD2" bold="true" box="[189,310,462,488]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B917EAF6FFECFFD3FF1543C5BE443BD2" bold="true" box="[189,310,462,488]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDC36E4FFECFFD3FF1543F7BE4238F8" blockId="18.[189,1401,508,706]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
Easily diagnosed species by the dull black colour with dull red sheen dorsally; and striae not strongly impressed basally (
<figureCitation id="13582A61FFECFFD3FE0D4015BE823803" box="[421,496,542,569]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="19.[189,232,1962,1988]" captionTargetBox="[189,1373,555,1930]" captionTargetId="figure-106@19.[189,1399,555,1931]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 5. Phanaeus funereus Balthasar, 1939 stat. rev. A. ♂ (TAMU). B. ♀ (TAMU). C. Holotype, ♂ (by Jiří Hájek, Národní Muzeum, Prague, Czech Republic) (NMPC)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4836764" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4836764/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
). Additionally, the major male with a keel absent in the middle of anterior pronotal margin (
<figureCitation id="13582A61FFECFFD3FE21404BBE983860" box="[393,490,576,602]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[189,232,1786,1812]" captionTargetBox="[260,1330,265,1758]" captionTargetId="figure-104@9.[257,1330,265,1765]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 2. Lateral view of males within the Phanaeus endymion species group. A. Phanaeus chiapanecus sp. nov. (TAMU). B. Phanaeus endymion Harold, 1863 (VMC). C. Phanaeus funereus Balthasar, 1939 stat. rev. (VMC). D. Phanaeus jackenioi sp. nov. (UVGC). E. Phanaeus malyi Arnaud, 2002 (VMC). F. Phanaeus olsoufieffi Balthasar, 1939 stat. rev. (VMC). G. Phanaeus pacificus sp. nov. (UVGC). H. Phanaeus panamensis sp. nov. (TAMU). I. Phanaeus porioni Arnaud, 2001 stat. rev. (VMC). J. Phanaeus pyrois Bates, 1887, green morph (VMC). K. Phanaeus rzedowskii sp. nov. (TAMU). L. Phanaeus zapotecus Edmonds, 2006 (VMC)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4836752" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4836752/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Figs 2C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13582A61FFECFFD3FE5F404BBD6D3861" box="[503,543,576,603]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="19.[189,232,1962,1988]" captionTargetBox="[189,1373,555,1930]" captionTargetId="figure-106@19.[189,1399,555,1931]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 5. Phanaeus funereus Balthasar, 1939 stat. rev. A. ♂ (TAMU). B. ♀ (TAMU). C. Holotype, ♂ (by Jiří Hájek, Národní Muzeum, Prague, Czech Republic) (NMPC)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4836764" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4836764/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">5A</figureCitation>
); endophallite copulatrix as
<figureCitation id="13582A61FFECFFD3FCC5404BBCB53860" box="[877,967,576,602]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[189,232,1681,1707]" captionTargetBox="[334,1251,265,1642]" captionTargetId="figure-153@8.[333,1254,265,1655]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 1. Endophallite copulatrix of the Phanaeus endymion species group (except for P. arletteae Arnaud, 2018). A. Phanaeus bravoensis Moctezuma, Sánchez-Huerta &amp; Halffter, 2017 (IEXA). B. Phanaeus chiapanecus sp. nov. (TAMU). C. Phanaeus edmondsi Moctezuma, Deloya &amp; Halffter, 2019 (IEXA). D. Phanaeus endymion Harold, 1863 (VMC). E. Phanaeus funereus Balthasar, 1939 stat. rev. (VMC). F. Phanaeus halffterorum Edmonds, 1979 (TAMU). G. Phanaeus huichol Moctezuma, Sánchez- Huerta &amp; Halffter, 2017 (IEXA). H. Phanaeus jackenioi sp. nov. (UVGC). I. Phanaeus malyi Arnaud, 2002 (VMC). J. Phanaeus olsoufieffi Balthasar, 1939 stat. rev. (VMC). K. Phanaeus pacificus sp. nov. (UVGC). L. Phanaeus panamensis sp. nov. (TAMU). M. Phanaeus porioni Arnaud, 2001 stat. rev. (VMC). N. Phanaeus pyrois Bates, 1887 (VMC).O. Phanaeus rzedowskii sp. nov. (TAMU).P. Phanaeus zapotecus Edmonds, 2006 (VMC). Q. Phanaeus zoque Moctezuma &amp; Halffter, 2017 (IEXA)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4836748" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4836748/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 1E</figureCitation>
. The major female with the pronotal process lacking concavity; middle pronotal tubercle more developed, slightly projected frontally than lateral tubercles; all pronotal tubercles rounded; and posterior pronotal midline completely effaced (
<figureCitation id="13582A61FFECFFD3FF6E40ACBE5038F8" box="[198,290,679,706]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="19.[189,232,1962,1988]" captionTargetBox="[189,1373,555,1930]" captionTargetId="figure-106@19.[189,1399,555,1931]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 5. Phanaeus funereus Balthasar, 1939 stat. rev. A. ♂ (TAMU). B. ♀ (TAMU). C. Holotype, ♂ (by Jiří Hájek, Národní Muzeum, Prague, Czech Republic) (NMPC)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4836764" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4836764/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C379656FFFECFFD3FF1540ECBD233F98" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BDC36E4FFECFFD3FF1540ECBD9C3938" blockId="18.[189,750,743,770]" box="[189,750,743,770]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="B917EAF6FFECFFD3FF1540ECBE1E393B" bold="true" box="[189,364,743,769]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Type material</emphasis>
(studied from photographs,
<specimenCount id="9D65FD6DFFECFFD3FD1140ECBD943938" box="[697,742,743,770]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDC36E4FFECFFD3FF42411EBE2E3915" blockId="18.[189,1399,789,952]" box="[234,348,789,815]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="B917EAF6FFECFFD3FF42411EBE2E3915" bold="true" box="[234,348,789,815]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<typeStatus id="54D88846FFECFFD3FF42411EBE2E3915" box="[234,348,789,815]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDC36E4FFECFFD3FF15413CBEBD3982" blockId="18.[189,1399,789,952]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<materialsCitation id="3B0B3CB9FFECFFD3FF15413CBEBD3982" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3093980573" collectionCode="NMPC" collectorName="V. Balthasar National Museum Prague" country="Ecuador" determinerName="Dr. V. Balthasar &amp; H. Blut &amp; Fesche" location="ECUADOR" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="typus">
<collectingCountry id="F3747674FFECFFD3FF15413CBE39396B" box="[189,331,823,849]" name="Ecuador" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">ECUADOR</collectingCountry>
•
<specimenCount id="9D65FD6DFFECFFD3FEDC4133BEFE3968" box="[372,396,824,850]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B15FFECFFD3FE0A413CBDED396B" author="Balthasar V." box="[418,671,823,849]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="238 - 247" refId="ref36059" refString="Balthasar V. 1939. Neue Phanaeus - Arten. Folia Zoologica et Hydrobiologica 9: 238 - 247." type="journal article" year="1939">Balthasar 1939: 242</bibRefCitation>
(
<figureCitation id="13582A61FFECFFD3FD1F413CBC693968" box="[695,795,823,850]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="19.[189,232,1962,1988]" captionTargetBox="[189,1373,555,1930]" captionTargetId="figure-106@19.[189,1399,555,1931]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 5. Phanaeus funereus Balthasar, 1939 stat. rev. A. ♂ (TAMU). B. ♀ (TAMU). C. Holotype, ♂ (by Jiří Hájek, Národní Muzeum, Prague, Czech Republic) (NMPC)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4836764" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4836764/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
); “
<taxonomicName id="4C634D67FFECFFD3FCEF4133BCA2396B" authorityName="Balthasar" authorityYear="1939" baseAuthorityName="Balthasar" baseAuthorityYear="1939" box="[839,976,823,849]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="funereus">
<emphasis id="B917EAF6FFECFFD3FCEF4133BCA2396B" box="[839,976,823,849]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">P. funereus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(illegible data).
<determinerName id="7E00DA20FFECFFD3FB034133BA05396B" box="[1195,1399,823,850]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Dr. V. Balthasar</determinerName>
det./ Mus. Nat. Pragae Inv. 26347 / ex coll.
<collectorName id="26965332FFECFFD3FD644151BBD2394E" box="[716,1184,857,884]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">V. Balthasar National Museum Prague</collectorName>
, Czech Republic/ Pucay F.O.I0.6.05. / ♂ /
<determinerName id="7E00DA20FFECFFD3FE494177BD4E39AF" box="[481,572,891,918]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">H. Blut</determinerName>
determ.
<taxonomicName id="4C634D67FFECFFD3FD034170BB7F39AF" authority="Olsouf." authorityName="Olsoufieff" authorityYear="1924" box="[683,1037,891,917]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="blanchardi">
<emphasis id="B917EAF6FFECFFD3FD034170BCD839AF" box="[683,938,891,917]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Phanaeus blanchardi</emphasis>
Olsouf.
</taxonomicName>
/
<determinerName id="7E00DA20FFECFFD3FBB44170BB1F39AF" box="[1052,1133,891,917]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fesche</determinerName>
det.
<taxonomicName id="4C634D67FFECFFD3FB034170BF9E3982" authority="Bts." authorityName="Bates, Det. W. D. Edmonds" authorityYear="1887" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pyrois">
<emphasis id="B917EAF6FFECFFD3FB034170BA0439AF" box="[1195,1398,891,917]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Phanaeus pyrois</emphasis>
Bts.
</taxonomicName>
/
<typeStatus id="54D88846FFECFFD3FF524195BE2F3982" box="[250,349,926,952]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">TYPUS</typeStatus>
”;
<collectionCode id="ED72AE21FFECFFD3FEDC4195BEB93982" box="[372,459,926,952]" collectionName="Czech Republic, Prague, National Museum (Natural History)" country="Czech Republic" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/hj12-2xm7" name="National Museum Prague" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">NMPC</collectionCode>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDC36E4FFECFFD3FF1541D5BDC239C3" blockId="18.[189,1177,990,1062]" box="[189,688,990,1017]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="B917EAF6FFECFFD3FF1541D5BD7039C2" bold="true" box="[189,514,990,1016]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Non-type material revised</emphasis>
(
<specimenCount id="9D65FD6DFFECFFD3FDBB41D5BD2539C3" box="[531,599,990,1017]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="male">5 ♂♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D65FD6DFFECFFD3FDCC41D4BDD639C3" box="[612,676,991,1017]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="female">7 ♀♀</specimenCount>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDC36E4FFECFFD3FF154607BBEB3E1C" blockId="18.[189,1177,990,1062]" box="[189,1177,1035,1062]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<materialsCitation id="3B0B3CB9FFECFFD3FF154607BBE73E1C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3093980451" box="[189,1173,1035,1062]" collectingDate="Sept. 972" collectionCode="VMC" collectorName="Coll. Martinez" country="Colombia" location="Quibdo. La Troje" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Choco">
<collectingCountry id="F3747674FFECFFD3FF154607BE2A3E1C" box="[189,344,1036,1062]" name="Colombia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">COLOMBIA</collectingCountry>
–
<emphasis id="B917EAF6FFECFFD3FEDD4600BEB73E1C" bold="true" box="[373,453,1035,1062]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<collectingRegion id="49A7F806FFECFFD3FEDD4600BEB73E1C" box="[373,453,1035,1062]" country="Colombia" name="Choco" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Chocó</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
•
<specimenCount id="9D65FD6DFFECFFD3FE764607BD7F3E1C" box="[478,525,1036,1062]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
; “
<location id="8EBC603FFFECFFD3FD8C4607BD803E1C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CA87F2FFEFFFD5FDB84443BDDC3F39:8EBC603FFFECFFD3FD8C4607BD803E1C" box="[548,754,1036,1062]" country="Colombia" name="Quibdo. La Troje" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" stateProvince="Choco">Quibdó. La Troje</location>
-
<collectingDate id="EF99E9CCFFECFFD3FCA24607BC0F3E1C" box="[778,893,1036,1062]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Sept. 972</collectingDate>
.
<collectorName id="26965332FFECFFD3FC2F4607BB4A3E1C" box="[903,1080,1036,1062]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Coll. Martínez</collectorName>
”;
<collectionCode id="ED72AE21FFECFFD3FBE64607BBE73E1C" box="[1102,1173,1036,1062]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">VMC</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDC36E4FFECFFD3FF154647BCD33F09" blockId="18.[189,1399,1100,1332]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<materialsCitation id="3B0B3CB9FFECFFD3FF154647BA563E5C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3093980591" box="[189,1316,1100,1127]" collectingDate="2001-02-17" collectingMethod="Pitfall heces humanas" collectionCode="VMC" collectorName="I. Yepez" country="Ecuador" location="Esmeraldas" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Esmeraldas">
<collectingCountry id="F3747674FFECFFD3FF154647BE393E5C" box="[189,331,1100,1126]" name="Ecuador" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">ECUADOR</collectingCountry>
–
<emphasis id="B917EAF6FFECFFD3FEC64647BD733E5C" bold="true" box="[366,513,1100,1126]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<collectingRegion id="49A7F806FFECFFD3FEC64647BD733E5C" box="[366,513,1100,1126]" country="Ecuador" name="Esmeraldas" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Esmeraldas</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
•
<specimenCount id="9D65FD6DFFECFFD3FDB34647BD3E3E5D" box="[539,588,1100,1127]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
; “Tsejpí Ex.
<collectingMethod id="52224EF3FFECFFD3FD754647BC963E5C" box="[733,996,1100,1126]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Pitfall heces humanas</collectingMethod>
<date id="FFDD1024FFECFFD3FC454647BB243E5C" box="[1005,1110,1100,1126]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="2001-02-17">
<collectingDate id="EF99E9CCFFECFFD3FC454647BB243E5C" box="[1005,1110,1100,1126]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="2001-02-17">17/02/01</collectingDate>
</date>
<collectorName id="26965332FFECFFD3FBF74646BBBB3E5C" box="[1119,1225,1100,1127]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">I. Yépez</collectorName>
”;
<collectionCode id="ED72AE21FFECFFD3FB494647BA563E5C" box="[1249,1316,1100,1126]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">VMC</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
•
<materialsCitation id="3B0B3CB9FFECFFD3FAE84647BCC63EB2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3093980338" collectingDate="2018-01-02" collectingMethod="Pitfall heces humanas" collectionCode="TAMU" collectorName="I. Yepez" country="Ecuador" location="Tsejpi. Ex." pageId="18" pageNumber="19" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Esmeraldas">
<specimenCount id="9D65FD6DFFECFFD3FAE84647BA033E5D" box="[1344,1393,1100,1127]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
; “
<location id="8EBC603FFFECFFD3FF6F4665BE3A3EB2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CA87F2FFEFFFD5FDB84443BDDC3F39:8EBC603FFFECFFD3FF6F4665BE3A3EB2" box="[199,328,1134,1160]" country="Ecuador" name="Tsejpi. Ex." pageId="18" pageNumber="19" stateProvince="Esmeraldas">Tsejpí. Ex.</location>
<collectingMethod id="52224EF3FFECFFD3FEEF4665BD263EB2" box="[327,596,1134,1160]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Pitfall heces humanas</collectingMethod>
.
<date id="FFDD1024FFECFFD3FDCA4665BDA03EB2" box="[610,722,1134,1160]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="2018-01-02">
<collectingDate id="EF99E9CCFFECFFD3FDCA4665BDA03EB2" box="[610,722,1134,1160]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="2018-01-02">18/02/01.</collectingDate>
</date>
<collectorName id="26965332FFECFFD3FD744664BC353EB2" box="[732,839,1134,1161]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">I. Yépez</collectorName>
”;
<collectionCode id="ED72AE21FFECFFD3FCC84665BCC63EB2" box="[864,948,1134,1160]" collectionName="USA, Texas, College Station, Texas A &amp; M University" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">TAMU</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
•
<materialsCitation id="3B0B3CB9FFECFFD3FC7A4665BD1C3E91" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3093980443" collectingDate="2001-05-04" collectingMethod="Ex. Pitfall carrona" collectionCode="TAMU" collectorName="I. Yepez" country="Ecuador" location="Colon del Onzole" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Esmeraldas">
<specimenCount id="9D65FD6DFFECFFD3FC7A4665BB703EB3" box="[978,1026,1134,1161]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
; “
<location id="8EBC603FFFECFFD3FBB64665BB883EB1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CA87F2FFEFFFD5FDB84443BDDC3F39:8EBC603FFFECFFD3FBB64665BB883EB1" box="[1054,1274,1134,1163]" country="Ecuador" name="Colon del Onzole" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" stateProvince="Esmeraldas">Colón del Ónzole</location>
.
<collectingMethod id="52224EF3FFECFFD3FAAF4665BE6B3E91" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Ex.Pitfall carroña</collectingMethod>
.
<date id="FFDD1024FFECFFD3FE8D469BBEFF3E91" box="[293,397,1168,1195]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="2001-05-04">
<collectingDate id="EF99E9CCFFECFFD3FE8D469BBEFF3E91" box="[293,397,1168,1195]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="2001-05-04">04/05/01</collectingDate>
</date>
<collectorName id="26965332FFECFFD3FE3D469ABE8D3E91" box="[405,511,1169,1195]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">I. Yépez</collectorName>
”;
<collectionCode id="ED72AE21FFECFFD3FDBE469ABD1C3E91" box="[534,622,1169,1195]" collectionName="USA, Texas, College Station, Texas A &amp; M University" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">TAMU</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.–
<materialsCitation id="3B0B3CB9FFECFFD3FD20469BBA543E91" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3093980399" box="[648,1318,1168,1195]" collectingDate="05-07-14" collectionCode="GHC" collectorName="F. Ohs." country="Ecuador" location="Bucay" municipality="Pucay" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Guayas">
<emphasis id="B917EAF6FFECFFD3FD20469BBD953E90" bold="true" box="[648,743,1168,1194]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<collectingRegion id="49A7F806FFECFFD3FD20469BBD953E90" box="[648,743,1168,1194]" country="Ecuador" name="Guayas" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Guayas</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
•
<specimenCount id="9D65FD6DFFECFFD3FCAA469ABC403E91" box="[770,818,1169,1195]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
; “
<collectingMunicipality id="6BB8AC9EFFECFFD3FCE1469ABCE63E91" box="[841,916,1169,1195]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Pucay</collectingMunicipality>
(
<location id="8EBC603FFFECFFD3FC0D469ABC843E91" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CA87F2FFEFFFD5FDB84443BDDC3F39:8EBC603FFFECFFD3FC0D469ABC843E91" box="[933,1014,1169,1195]" country="Ecuador" municipality="Pucay" name="Bucay" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" stateProvince="Guayas">Bucay</location>
).
<collectorName id="26965332FFECFFD3FBA3469ABB2D3E90" box="[1035,1119,1168,1195]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">F. Ohs.</collectorName>
<date id="FFDD1024FFECFFD3FBCF469BBBBA3E91" box="[1127,1224,1168,1195]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="05-07-14">
<collectingDate id="EF99E9CCFFECFFD3FBCF469BBBBA3E91" box="[1127,1224,1168,1195]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="05-07-14">14.7.05</collectingDate>
</date>
.”;
<collectionCode id="ED72AE21FFECFFD3FB4C469ABA543E91" box="[1252,1318,1169,1195]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">GHC</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
. –
<materialsCitation id="3B0B3CB9FFECFFD3FAE1469ABBF63EF7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3093980400" collectingDate="1976-05" collectionCode="TAMU" collectorName="A. Martinez" country="Ecuador" elevation="75" location="Pichilingue" municipality="Quevedo" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Los Rios">
<emphasis id="B917EAF6FFECFFD3FAE1469ABF863EF7" bold="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<collectingRegion id="49A7F806FFECFFD3FAE1469ABF863EF7" country="Ecuador" name="Los Rios" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Los Ríos</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
•
<specimenCount id="9D65FD6DFFECFFD3FEBA46B8BE313EF7" box="[274,323,1203,1229]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D65FD6DFFECFFD3FEFA46B8BEF33EF7" box="[338,385,1203,1229]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
; “
<collectingMunicipality id="6BB8AC9EFFECFFD3FE3446B8BD7E3EF7" box="[412,524,1203,1229]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Quevedo</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8EBC603FFFECFFD3FDB246B8BDD23EF7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CA87F2FFEFFFD5FDB84443BDDC3F39:8EBC603FFFECFFD3FDB246B8BDD23EF7" box="[538,672,1203,1229]" country="Ecuador" municipality="Quevedo" name="Pichilingue" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" stateProvince="Los Rios">Pichilingue</location>
(
<quantity id="4C9B9B01FFECFFD3FD1A46B9BD803EF7" box="[690,754,1202,1229]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="m" value="75.0">
<elevation id="004ED1D7FFECFFD3FD1A46B9BD803EF7" box="[690,754,1202,1229]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="m" value="75.0">75 m</elevation>
</quantity>
)
<date id="FFDD1024FFECFFD3FCAC46B8BC333EF7" box="[772,833,1203,1229]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="1976-05">
<collectingDate id="EF99E9CCFFECFFD3FCAC46B8BC333EF7" box="[772,833,1203,1229]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="1976-05">V-76</collectingDate>
</date>
.
<collectorName id="26965332FFECFFD3FCE546B8BCAF3EF7" box="[845,989,1203,1229]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">A. Martínez</collectorName>
col.”;
<collectionCode id="ED72AE21FFECFFD3FB9846B8BBF63EF7" box="[1072,1156,1203,1229]" collectionName="USA, Texas, College Station, Texas A &amp; M University" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">TAMU</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
•
<materialsCitation id="3B0B3CB9FFECFFD3FB0A46B8BDBD3ED5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3093980341" collectingDate="1976-05" collectionCode="GHC" collectorName="A. Martinez" country="Ecuador" location="Pichilingue." municipality="Quevedo" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2" stateProvince="Los Rios">
<specimenCount id="9D65FD6DFFECFFD3FB0A46B8BB953EF7" box="[1186,1255,1203,1229]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="female">2 ♀♀</specimenCount>
; “
<collectingMunicipality id="6BB8AC9EFFECFFD3FAAA46B8BA003EF7" box="[1282,1394,1203,1229]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Quevedo</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8EBC603FFFECFFD3FF1546DEBE393ED5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CA87F2FFEFFFD5FDB84443BDDC3F39:8EBC603FFFECFFD3FF1546DEBE393ED5" box="[189,331,1237,1263]" country="Ecuador" municipality="Quevedo" name="Pichilingue." pageId="18" pageNumber="19" stateProvince="Los Rios">Pichilingue.</location>
<date id="FFDD1024FFECFFD3FEFD46DEBEE03ED5" box="[341,402,1237,1263]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="1976-05">
<collectingDate id="EF99E9CCFFECFFD3FEFD46DEBEE03ED5" box="[341,402,1237,1263]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="1976-05">V-76</collectingDate>
</date>
.
<collectorName id="26965332FFECFFD3FE0846DEBD473ED5" box="[416,565,1237,1263]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">A. Martínez</collectorName>
, leg.”;
<collectionCode id="ED72AE21FFECFFD3FD3946DEBDBD3ED5" box="[657,719,1237,1263]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">GHC</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
•
<materialsCitation id="3B0B3CB9FFECFFD3FD5946DEBA2B3ED5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3093980333" box="[753,1369,1237,1263]" collectingDate="1976-05" collectionCode="VMC" collectorName="A. Martinez" country="Ecuador" location="Pichilingue." municipality="Quevedo" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Los Rios">
<specimenCount id="9D65FD6DFFECFFD3FD5946DEBC503ED5" box="[753,802,1237,1263]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
; same collection data as for preceding;
<collectionCode id="ED72AE21FFECFFD3FABA46DEBA2B3ED5" box="[1298,1369,1237,1263]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">VMC</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
. –
<materialsCitation id="3B0B3CB9FFECFFD3FF1546FDBEFB3F09" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3093980617" collectingDate="1976-06-06" collectingDateMax="1976-06-09" collectingDateMin="1976-06-06" collectingMethod="dung traps" collectionCode="IEXA" collectorName="S. Peck." country="Ecuador" elevation="300" location="Manabi" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Manabi">
<emphasis id="B917EAF6FFECFFD3FF1546FDBE6D3F2B" bold="true" box="[189,287,1270,1297]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<collectingRegion id="49A7F806FFECFFD3FF1546FDBE6D3F2B" box="[189,287,1270,1297]" country="Ecuador" name="Manabi" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Manabí</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
•
<specimenCount id="9D65FD6DFFECFFD3FE9346FCBE1B3F28" box="[315,361,1271,1298]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
; “
<quantity id="4C9B9B01FFECFFD3FE2B46FCBEA63F28" box="[387,468,1271,1298]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="m" value="300.0">
<elevation id="004ED1D7FFECFFD3FE2B46FCBEA63F28" box="[387,468,1271,1298]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="m" value="300.0">300 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<locationDeviation id="9A6E2FC6FFECFFD3FE4A46FCBC6C3F2B" box="[482,798,1271,1297]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">90kmWSW Sto. Domingo</locationDeviation>
.
<locationDeviation id="9A6E2FC6FFECFFD3FC8246FCBB713F2B" box="[810,1027,1271,1298]" location="Chone." pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<quantity id="4C9B9B01FFECFFD3FC8246FCBC073F2B" box="[810,885,1271,1297]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.3" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="km" value="73.0">73 km</quantity>
NE Chone.
</locationDeviation>
<date id="FFDD1024FFECFFD3FBA346FCBB0F3F2B" box="[1035,1149,1271,1297]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="1976-06-06" valueMax="1976-06-09" valueMin="1976-06-06">
<collectingDate id="EF99E9CCFFECFFD3FBA346FCBB0F3F2B" box="[1035,1149,1271,1297]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="1976-06-06" valueMax="1976-06-09" valueMin="1976-06-06">6–9.vi.76</collectingDate>
</date>
.
<collectorName id="26965332FFECFFD3FB2246FCBB993F2B" box="[1162,1259,1271,1297]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">S. Peck.</collectorName>
3 for.
<collectingMethod id="52224EF3FFECFFD3FA9446FCBF8E3F0E" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">dung traps</collectingMethod>
3–5”;
<collectionCode id="ED72AE21FFECFFD3FE974712BEFB3F09" box="[319,393,1305,1331]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">IEXA</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
. –
<materialsCitation id="3B0B3CB9FFECFFD3FE014712BCEF3F09" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3093980486" box="[425,925,1305,1332]" collectionCode="TAMU" country="Ecuador" location="Quito" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Pichincha">
<emphasis id="B917EAF6FFECFFD3FE014712BD573F09" bold="true" box="[425,549,1305,1331]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<collectingRegion id="49A7F806FFECFFD3FE014712BD573F09" box="[425,549,1305,1331]" country="Ecuador" name="Pichincha" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Pichincha</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
•
<specimenCount id="9D65FD6DFFECFFD3FD964712BD193F0E" box="[574,619,1305,1332]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
; “
<location id="8EBC603FFFECFFD3FD2C4712BDBF3F09" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CA87F2FFEFFFD5FDB84443BDDC3F39:8EBC603FFFECFFD3FD2C4712BDBF3F09" box="[644,717,1305,1331]" country="Ecuador" name="Quito" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" stateProvince="Pichincha">Quito</location>
. III.915”;
<collectionCode id="ED72AE21FFECFFD3FCED4712BCEF3F09" box="[837,925,1305,1331]" collectionName="USA, Texas, College Station, Texas A &amp; M University" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">TAMU</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDC36E4FFECFFD3FF154751BE2F3F49" blockId="18.[189,349,1369,1396]" box="[189,349,1369,1396]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<heading id="D0948188FFECFFD3FF154751BE2F3F49" bold="true" box="[189,349,1369,1396]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B917EAF6FFECFFD3FF154751BE2F3F49" bold="true" box="[189,349,1369,1396]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Type locality</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDC36E4FFECFFD3FF15478CBD233F98" blockId="18.[189,593,1415,1442]" box="[189,593,1415,1442]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<collectingCountry id="F3747674FFECFFD3FF15478CBE533F9B" box="[189,289,1415,1441]" name="Ecuador" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
, Pucay (probably Bucay).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C379656FFFECFFD5FF1547CCBDA03920" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BDC36E4FFECFFD3FF1547CCBE193FDB" blockId="18.[189,363,1479,1505]" box="[189,363,1479,1505]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<heading id="D0948188FFECFFD3FF1547CCBE193FDB" bold="true" box="[189,363,1479,1505]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B917EAF6FFECFFD3FF1547CCBE193FDB" bold="true" box="[189,363,1479,1505]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Redescription</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDC36E4FFECFFD3FF4247FEBE0F3C35" blockId="18.[188,1399,1525,1655]" box="[234,381,1525,1551]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="B917EAF6FFECFFD3FF4247FEBE0F3C35" bold="true" box="[234,381,1525,1551]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Major male</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDC36E4FFECFFD3FF154413BD8A3C4D" blockId="18.[188,1399,1525,1655]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
HEAD. Clypeus bidentate, dull black on anterior margin, dull red on posterior portion, roughened sculpture. Genae dull black, with dull red sheen, rough sculpture. Front dull black. Cephalic horn black, curved posteriorly over pronotum (
<figureCitation id="13582A61FFECFFD3FDFF4457BDC53C4C" box="[599,695,1628,1654]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[189,232,1786,1812]" captionTargetBox="[260,1330,265,1758]" captionTargetId="figure-104@9.[257,1330,265,1765]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 2. Lateral view of males within the Phanaeus endymion species group. A. Phanaeus chiapanecus sp. nov. (TAMU). B. Phanaeus endymion Harold, 1863 (VMC). C. Phanaeus funereus Balthasar, 1939 stat. rev. (VMC). D. Phanaeus jackenioi sp. nov. (UVGC). E. Phanaeus malyi Arnaud, 2002 (VMC). F. Phanaeus olsoufieffi Balthasar, 1939 stat. rev. (VMC). G. Phanaeus pacificus sp. nov. (UVGC). H. Phanaeus panamensis sp. nov. (TAMU). I. Phanaeus porioni Arnaud, 2001 stat. rev. (VMC). J. Phanaeus pyrois Bates, 1887, green morph (VMC). K. Phanaeus rzedowskii sp. nov. (TAMU). L. Phanaeus zapotecus Edmonds, 2006 (VMC)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4836752" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4836752/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Figs 2C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13582A61FFECFFD3FD6B4457BD993C4D" box="[707,747,1628,1655]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="19.[189,232,1962,1988]" captionTargetBox="[189,1373,555,1930]" captionTargetId="figure-106@19.[189,1399,555,1931]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 5. Phanaeus funereus Balthasar, 1939 stat. rev. A. ♂ (TAMU). B. ♀ (TAMU). C. Holotype, ♂ (by Jiří Hájek, Národní Muzeum, Prague, Czech Republic) (NMPC)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4836764" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4836764/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">5A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDC36E4FFECFFD3FF154496BEAD3D59" blockId="18.[188,1399,1692,1891]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
PRONOTUM. Keel absent in the middle of anterior pronotal margin. Disc triangular, flat; with two elongate, weakly developed tubercles on anterior portion. Triangle dull black, scabriculous, with almost effaced punctures, smooth sculpture. Sides dull black-red; scabriculous, with smooth sculpture, almost effaced punctures. Lateral lines of triangle straight. Posterolateral angles short, slightly widened. Lateral fossae distinctly impressed. Basal fossae absent or almost effaced. Posterior margin with almost effaced punctures (
<figureCitation id="13582A61FFECFFD3FE964543BEEC3D58" box="[318,414,1864,1890]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[189,232,1786,1812]" captionTargetBox="[260,1330,265,1758]" captionTargetId="figure-104@9.[257,1330,265,1765]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 2. Lateral view of males within the Phanaeus endymion species group. A. Phanaeus chiapanecus sp. nov. (TAMU). B. Phanaeus endymion Harold, 1863 (VMC). C. Phanaeus funereus Balthasar, 1939 stat. rev. (VMC). D. Phanaeus jackenioi sp. nov. (UVGC). E. Phanaeus malyi Arnaud, 2002 (VMC). F. Phanaeus olsoufieffi Balthasar, 1939 stat. rev. (VMC). G. Phanaeus pacificus sp. nov. (UVGC). H. Phanaeus panamensis sp. nov. (TAMU). I. Phanaeus porioni Arnaud, 2001 stat. rev. (VMC). J. Phanaeus pyrois Bates, 1887, green morph (VMC). K. Phanaeus rzedowskii sp. nov. (TAMU). L. Phanaeus zapotecus Edmonds, 2006 (VMC)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4836752" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4836752/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Figs 2C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13582A61FFECFFD3FE024543BEA03D59" box="[426,466,1864,1891]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="19.[189,232,1962,1988]" captionTargetBox="[189,1373,555,1930]" captionTargetId="figure-106@19.[189,1399,555,1931]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 5. Phanaeus funereus Balthasar, 1939 stat. rev. A. ♂ (TAMU). B. ♀ (TAMU). C. Holotype, ♂ (by Jiří Hájek, Národní Muzeum, Prague, Czech Republic) (NMPC)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4836764" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4836764/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">5A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDC36E4FFECFFD3FF154582BBF83DD3" blockId="18.[189,1398,1929,2025]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
ELYTRA. Striae fine, smooth, dull black, scabriculous, not strongly impressed basally; with dull green or blue-green sheen, almost effaced punctures. Interstriae dull black, scabriculous, with smooth surface, almost effaced to effaced punctures. Sutural margin without apical tooth (
<figureCitation id="13582A61FFECFFD3FBB645C5BB0F3DD3" box="[1054,1149,1998,2025]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="19.[189,232,1962,1988]" captionTargetBox="[189,1373,555,1930]" captionTargetId="figure-106@19.[189,1399,555,1931]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 5. Phanaeus funereus Balthasar, 1939 stat. rev. A. ♂ (TAMU). B. ♀ (TAMU). C. Holotype, ♂ (by Jiří Hájek, Národní Muzeum, Prague, Czech Republic) (NMPC)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4836764" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4836764/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDC36E4FFEDFFD2FF154302BDCA3B19" blockId="19.[189,696,265,291]" box="[189,696,265,291]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">PROTIBIAE. Quadridentate with apical spine.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDC36E4FFEDFFD2FF154342BCE73BBC" blockId="19.[189,1398,328,390]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">TERGITE VIII. Dull black, with dark red to dark brown sheen; scabriculous sculpture; rough, distinctly impressed punctures. Basal margin with setae variable in size.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDC36E4FFEDFFD2FF1543A6BC013834" blockId="19.[189,1399,429,526]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
GENITALIA. Right lobe of endophallite copulatrix larger in size than left lobe. Right lobe obtusely triangular in shape, with superior portion projected frontally. Left lobe lobed inferiorly, bent superiorly. Central ridge less developed than central column (
<figureCitation id="13582A61FFEDFFD2FCA243F8BC173834" box="[778,869,499,526]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[189,232,1681,1707]" captionTargetBox="[334,1251,265,1642]" captionTargetId="figure-153@8.[333,1254,265,1655]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 1. Endophallite copulatrix of the Phanaeus endymion species group (except for P. arletteae Arnaud, 2018). A. Phanaeus bravoensis Moctezuma, Sánchez-Huerta &amp; Halffter, 2017 (IEXA). B. Phanaeus chiapanecus sp. nov. (TAMU). C. Phanaeus edmondsi Moctezuma, Deloya &amp; Halffter, 2019 (IEXA). D. Phanaeus endymion Harold, 1863 (VMC). E. Phanaeus funereus Balthasar, 1939 stat. rev. (VMC). F. Phanaeus halffterorum Edmonds, 1979 (TAMU). G. Phanaeus huichol Moctezuma, Sánchez- Huerta &amp; Halffter, 2017 (IEXA). H. Phanaeus jackenioi sp. nov. (UVGC). I. Phanaeus malyi Arnaud, 2002 (VMC). J. Phanaeus olsoufieffi Balthasar, 1939 stat. rev. (VMC). K. Phanaeus pacificus sp. nov. (UVGC). L. Phanaeus panamensis sp. nov. (TAMU). M. Phanaeus porioni Arnaud, 2001 stat. rev. (VMC). N. Phanaeus pyrois Bates, 1887 (VMC).O. Phanaeus rzedowskii sp. nov. (TAMU).P. Phanaeus zapotecus Edmonds, 2006 (VMC). Q. Phanaeus zoque Moctezuma &amp; Halffter, 2017 (IEXA)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4836748" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4836748/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 1E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF1C666CFFEDFFD2FF1545A1BCC53DDD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4836764" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4836764" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4836764/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" startId="19.[189,232,1962,1988]" targetBox="[189,1373,555,1930]" targetPageId="19">
<paragraph id="8BDC36E4FFEDFFD2FF1545A1BCC53DDD" blockId="19.[189,1399,1962,2024]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="B917EAF6FFEDFFD2FF1545A1BE793DFE" bold="true" box="[189,267,1962,1988]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C634D67FFEDFFD2FEBB45A1BDC33DFE" authority="Balthasar, 1939" authorityName="Balthasar" authorityYear="1939" baseAuthorityName="Balthasar" baseAuthorityYear="1939" box="[275,689,1962,1988]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="funereus" status="stat. nov.">
<emphasis id="B917EAF6FFEDFFD2FEBB45A1BE803DFE" box="[275,498,1962,1988]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Phanaeus funereus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B15FFEDFFD2FE5245A1BDC33DFE" author="Balthasar V." box="[506,689,1962,1988]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="238 - 247" refId="ref36059" refString="Balthasar V. 1939. Neue Phanaeus - Arten. Folia Zoologica et Hydrobiologica 9: 238 - 247." type="journal article" year="1939">Balthasar, 1939</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A224578DFFEDFFD2FD1145A0BC6E3DFF" box="[697,796,1963,1989]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">stat. rev.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="B917EAF6FFEDFFD2FC8945A1BC443DFE" bold="true" box="[801,822,1962,1988]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">A</emphasis>
. ♂ (TAMU).
<emphasis id="B917EAF6FFEDFFD2FC7245A1BC9C3DFE" bold="true" box="[986,1006,1962,1988]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">B</emphasis>
. ♀ (TAMU).
<emphasis id="B917EAF6FFEDFFD2FB3945A1BBD43DFE" bold="true" box="[1169,1190,1962,1988]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">C</emphasis>
. Holotype, ♂ (by Jiří Hájek, Národní Muzeum, Prague, Czech Republic) (NMPC).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BDC36E4FFEAFFD5FF424303BE0F3B19" blockId="20.[189,1398,264,365]" box="[234,381,264,291]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="B917EAF6FFEAFFD5FF424303BE0F3B19" bold="true" box="[234,381,264,291]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Minor male</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDC36E4FFEAFFD5FF154326BB4A3B57" blockId="20.[189,1398,264,365]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
Like the major male, except for the attenuation of the secondary sexual characters (i.e., cephalic horn, pronotal triangle and tubercles, and pronotal posterolateral angles;
<figureCitation id="13582A61FFEAFFD5FC674359BB583B57" box="[975,1066,338,365]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="19.[189,232,1962,1988]" captionTargetBox="[189,1373,555,1930]" captionTargetId="figure-106@19.[189,1399,555,1931]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 5. Phanaeus funereus Balthasar, 1939 stat. rev. A. ♂ (TAMU). B. ♀ (TAMU). C. Holotype, ♂ (by Jiří Hájek, Národní Muzeum, Prague, Czech Republic) (NMPC)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4836764" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4836764/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDC36E4FFEAFFD5FF42439DBE373B8A" blockId="20.[189,1400,406,654]" box="[234,325,406,432]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="B917EAF6FFEAFFD5FF42439DBE373B8A" bold="true" box="[234,325,406,432]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Female</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDC36E4FFEAFFD5FF1543B1BA2838B4" blockId="20.[189,1400,406,654]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
Similar to the male, except for the head showing a cephalic trituberculate carina, with similar in size, conical tubercles; middle tubercle more frontally projected than lateral tubercles; frons with almost effaced punctures; pronotal sculpture completely smooth, impunctate or with almost effaced punctures; pronotum almost completely dull black, dark metallic red laterally and posteriorly; pronotal process trituberculate lacking concavity; middle pronotal tubercle more developed, slightly projected frontally than lateral tubercles; all tubercles rounded; posterior pronotal midline completely effaced (
<figureCitation id="13582A61FFEAFFD5FB584078BA3F38B4" box="[1264,1357,627,654]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="19.[189,232,1962,1988]" captionTargetBox="[189,1373,555,1930]" captionTargetId="figure-106@19.[189,1399,555,1931]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 5. Phanaeus funereus Balthasar, 1939 stat. rev. A. ♂ (TAMU). B. ♀ (TAMU). C. Holotype, ♂ (by Jiří Hájek, Národní Muzeum, Prague, Czech Republic) (NMPC)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4836764" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4836764/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDC36E4FFEAFFD5FF4240BDBE1238EA" blockId="20.[189,1399,694,795]" box="[234,352,694,720]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="B917EAF6FFEAFFD5FF4240BDBE1238EA" bold="true" box="[234,352,694,720]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Variation</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDC36E4FFEAFFD5FF1540D7BDA03920" blockId="20.[189,1399,694,795]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
Mean length
<quantity id="4C9B9B01FFEAFFD5FEC940D0BEBD38CC" box="[353,463,731,758]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.93" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="mm" value="19.3">19.3 mm</quantity>
(
<quantity id="4C9B9B01FFEAFFD5FE4B40D0BDF138CC" box="[483,643,731,758]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.895" metricValueMax="2.19" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="mm" value="18.95" valueMax="21.9" valueMin="16.0">16–21.9 mm</quantity>
). The male specimen from
<collectingCountry id="F3747674FFEAFFD5FC7240D0BB3C38CF" box="[986,1102,731,757]" name="Colombia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Colombia</collectingCountry>
has acute posterolateral pronotal angles that are posteriorly projected.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C379656FFFEAFFD5FF154148BC233988" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BDC36E4FFEAFFD5FF154148BE243967" blockId="20.[189,342,835,861]" box="[189,342,835,861]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<heading id="D0948188FFEAFFD5FF154148BE243967" bold="true" box="[189,342,835,861]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B917EAF6FFEAFFD5FF154148BE243967" bold="true" box="[189,342,835,861]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Distribution</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDC36E4FFEAFFD5FF154178BC233988" blockId="20.[189,1399,883,947]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
Pacific slope of the Andes, north-central
<collectingCountry id="F3747674FFEAFFD5FD034178BC7F39B7" box="[683,781,883,909]" name="Ecuador" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F3747674FFEAFFD5FCE44178BCB239B7" box="[844,960,883,909]" name="Colombia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Colombia</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="13582A61FFEAFFD5FC7A4178BB5E39B4" box="[978,1068,883,910]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="54.[191,234,1247,1273]" captionTargetBox="[193,1393,268,1195]" captionTargetId="figure-243@54.[189,1396,265,1198]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="Fig. 17. Distribution of the Phanaeus endymion species group in South America. Phanaeus malyi Arnaud, 2001 was reported from Colombia without accurate locality. Phanaeus arletteae Arnaud, 2018 was modified from Arnaud (2018)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4836800" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4836800/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
). The Colombian specimen represents the first record of
<taxonomicName id="4C634D67FFEAFFD5FDA54192BDFC3988" authorityName="Balthasar" authorityYear="1939" baseAuthorityName="Balthasar" baseAuthorityYear="1939" box="[525,654,920,946]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="funereus">
<emphasis id="B917EAF6FFEAFFD5FDA54192BDFC3988" box="[525,654,920,946]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">P. funereus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="F3747674FFEAFFD5FD7E4193BC3C3988" box="[726,846,920,946]" name="Colombia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Colombia</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C379656FFFEAFFD5FF1541D7BDDC3F39" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BDC36E4FFEAFFD5FF1541D7BE5D39CC" blockId="20.[189,303,988,1014]" box="[189,303,988,1014]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<heading id="D0948188FFEAFFD5FF1541D7BE5D39CC" bold="true" box="[189,303,988,1014]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B917EAF6FFEAFFD5FF1541D7BE5D39CC" bold="true" box="[189,303,988,1014]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDC36E4FFEAFFD5FF154607BDDC3F39" blockId="20.[189,1399,1036,1284]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<taxonomicName id="4C634D67FFEAFFD5FF154607BEEF3E1C" authorityName="Balthasar" authorityYear="1939" baseAuthorityName="Balthasar" baseAuthorityYear="1939" box="[189,413,1036,1062]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="funereus">
<emphasis id="B917EAF6FFEAFFD5FF154607BEEF3E1C" box="[189,413,1036,1062]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Phanaeus funereus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was considered by previous authors as a synonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C634D67FFEAFFD5FBB44606BBF33E1C" authorityName="Bates, Det. W. D. Edmonds" authorityYear="1887" box="[1052,1153,1037,1062]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pyrois">
<emphasis id="B917EAF6FFEAFFD5FBB44606BBF33E1C" box="[1052,1153,1037,1062]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">P. pyrois</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B15FFEAFFD5FB394607BF8E3E71" author="Martinez A &amp; Pereira F. S." pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="53 - 69" refId="ref40118" refString="Martinez A &amp; Pereira F. S. 1967. Notas escarabeidologicas III (Col. Scarabaeidae-Scarabaeinae). Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina 29: 53 - 69." type="journal article" year="1967">Martínez &amp; Pereira 1967</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B15FFEAFFD5FEA5463ABEB53E71" author="Edmonds W. D." box="[269,455,1073,1099]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="1 - 105" refId="ref37487" refString="Edmonds W. D. 1994. Revision of Phanaeus Macleay, a New World genus of Scarabaeinae dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae). Contributions in Science, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County 443: 1 - 105." type="journal article" year="1994">Edmonds 1994</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B15FFEAFFD5FE70463ABC743E71" author="Edmonds W. D. &amp; Zidek J." box="[472,774,1073,1099]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="1 - 108" refId="ref37762" refString="Edmonds W. D. &amp; Zidek J. 2012. Taxonomy of Phanaeus revisited: Revised keys to and comments on species of the New World dung beetle genus Phanaeus Macleay, 1819 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Phanaeini). Insecta Mundi 274: 1 - 108." type="journal article" year="2012">Edmonds &amp; Zídek 2012</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B15FFEAFFD5FCB0463ABB3B3E71" author="Solis A. &amp; Kohlmann B." box="[792,1097,1073,1099]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="1 - 32" refId="ref42322" refString="Solis A. &amp; Kohlmann B. 2012. Checklist and distribution atlas of the Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) of Costa Rica. Zootaxa 3482: 1 - 32." type="journal article" year="2012">Solís &amp; Kohlmann 2012</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B15FFEAFFD5FBF3463ABA193E71" author="Chamorro W. &amp; Marin-Armijos D. &amp; Asenjo A." box="[1115,1387,1073,1099]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="1 - 343" refId="ref36626" refString="Chamorro W., Marin-Armijos D. &amp; Asenjo A. 2019. Scarabaeinae dung beetles from Ecuador: a catalog, nomenclatural acts, and distribution records. ZooKeys 826: 1 - 343. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 826.26488" type="journal article" year="2019">
Chamorro
<emphasis id="B917EAF6FFEAFFD5FB76463ABA653E71" box="[1246,1303,1073,1099]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">et al</emphasis>
. 2019
</bibRefCitation>
). Nevertheless, a diagnosis and a key to separate both species are provided by us. As a consequence, full species status is confidently assigned to
<taxonomicName id="4C634D67FFEAFFD5FD3E4670BC653EAF" authorityName="Balthasar" authorityYear="1939" baseAuthorityName="Balthasar" baseAuthorityYear="1939" box="[662,791,1147,1173]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="funereus">
<emphasis id="B917EAF6FFEAFFD5FD3E4670BC653EAF" box="[662,791,1147,1173]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">P. funereus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The
<typeStatus id="54D88846FFEAFFD5FCF34671BCB53EAE" box="[859,967,1146,1172]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
(a minor male) and some specimens from
<collectingCountry id="F3747674FFEAFFD5FF574694BE133E83" box="[255,353,1183,1209]" name="Ecuador" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
(n=12) were used for the redescription of
<taxonomicName id="4C634D67FFEAFFD5FCCD46ABBC943E80" authorityName="Balthasar" authorityYear="1939" baseAuthorityName="Balthasar" baseAuthorityYear="1939" box="[869,998,1184,1210]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="funereus">
<emphasis id="B917EAF6FFEAFFD5FCCD46ABBC943E80" box="[869,998,1184,1210]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">P. funereus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The only specimen studied from
<collectingCountry id="F3747674FFEAFFD5FF1646CFBE403EE4" box="[190,306,1220,1246]" name="Colombia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Colombia</collectingCountry>
differed in the posterolateral angles of pronotum, but not in colour pattern, pronotal and elytral sculpturing, or genital morphology.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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