266 lines
26 KiB
XML
266 lines
26 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.559.3.5" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c3b01688-a2a3-4af0-9c42-1d493aa4cae6" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7021741" checkinTime="1661411863747" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Hurdeal, Vedprakash G., Gareth Jones, E. B., Santiago, André Luiz C. M. De A., Hyde, Kevin D. & Gentekaki, Eleni" docDate="2022" docId="03CA87AD9263F555EF847EC02F9FFF3C" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.559.3.5.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 559 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.4:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Backusella solicola V. G Hurdeal & E. Gentekaki 2022, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="280" masterDocId="FFF3FFD59266F553EF0C7E342C6AFFE0" masterDocTitle="Expanding the diversity of mucoralean fungi from northern Thailand: novel Backusella species from soil" masterLastPageNumber="284" masterPageNumber="275" pageNumber="280" updateTime="1661896790050" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Expanding the diversity of mucoralean fungi from northern Thailand: novel Backusella species from soil</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Hurdeal, Vedprakash G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0003-4249-1840</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand & Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand & adarshved 1307 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 4249 - 1840</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">adarshved1307@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Gareth Jones, E. B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0002-7286-5471</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia & torperadgj @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 7286 - 5471</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">torperadgj@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Santiago, André Luiz C. M. De A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0001-5174-5553</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Post-graduate course in the Biology of Fungi. Departamento de Micologia. Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, s / n, 50740 - 465, Recife, PE, Brazil & andrelcabral @ msn. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 5174 - 5553</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">andrelcabral@msn.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Hyde, Kevin D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0002-2191-0762</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand & Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, People’s Republic of China & kdhyde 3 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 2191 - 0762</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">kdhyde3@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Gentekaki, Eleni</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0002-3306-6714</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand & Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand & gentekaki. ele @ mfu. ac. th; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 3306 - 6714</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">gentekaki.ele@mfu.ac.th</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2022-08-25</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>559</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>3</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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||
<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>275</mods:start>
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<mods:end>284</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.11646/phytotaxa.559.3.5</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">c3b01688-a2a3-4af0-9c42-1d493aa4cae6</mods:identifier>
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||
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1179-3163</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7021741</mods:identifier>
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||
</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="199898566" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CA87AD9263F555EF847EC02F9FFF3C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CA87AD9263F555EF847EC02F9FFF3C" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="280" pageId="5" pageNumber="280">
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<subSubSection box="[136,1003,244,271]" pageId="5" pageNumber="280" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="5.[136,1003,244,271]" box="[136,1003,244,271]" pageId="5" pageNumber="280">
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<heading box="[136,1003,244,271]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="280" reason="3">
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<taxonomicName authority="V.G Hurdeal & E. Gentekaki" authorityName="V. G Hurdeal & E. Gentekaki" authorityYear="2022" box="[136,692,244,271]" class="Mucoromycetes" family="Backusellaceae" genus="Backusella" kingdom="Fungi" order="Mucorales" pageId="5" pageNumber="280" phylum="Zygomycota" rank="species" species="solicola" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[136,360,244,271]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="280">Backusella solicola</emphasis>
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V.G Hurdeal & E. Gentekaki
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[703,790,244,270]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="280">
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[703,790,244,270]" pageId="5" pageNumber="280" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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<figureCitation box="[797,935,244,270]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[136,229,1904,1926]" captionTargetBox="[190,1398,386,1876]" captionTargetId="figure-124@4.[190,1398,386,1876]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Maximum likelihood phylogram inferred from 53 taxa from ITS and 28S genetic markers. Bootstrap support (BS) from RAxML and IQ-tree, and the posterior probability from Bayesian analysis are provided near the nodes as BS/BS (IQ-tree)/ PP. Values <70% for bootstrap support and <0.80 for posterior probability are indicated by a minus sign (–). Unrecovered branching is indicated by (*) sign. The novel strain proposed in the current study is shown in bold. T, ET, LT, and NT indicate ex-type, ex-epitype, ex-lectotype and ex-neotype strains, respectively. Mucor indicus (CBS 226.29) and M. koreanus (EML-QT1) were used as outgroup taxa." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7021743" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7021743/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="280">FIGURES 1</figureCitation>
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and
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<figureCitation box="[989,1003,244,270]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[136,229,1845,1867]" captionTargetBox="[154,1434,245,1814]" captionTargetId="figure-52@6.[151,1436,242,1817]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Backusella solicola MFLUCC 22-0067 (ex-type). A, B. branching pattern of sporangiophores. C. short branched sporophore with columellae. D, E, H. developmental stages of the sporangium. F. unispored sporangiola. G. sporangiospores. I–J. multispored sporangiolum. K. obverse and reverse of colony in PDA. L–Q. various shaped columellae. Bars: B, C, E, H, J, L–N, P, Q = 20 µm; D, G, O = 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7021745" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7021745/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="280">2</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[136,411,280,306]" pageId="5" pageNumber="280" type="multiple">
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||
<paragraph blockId="5.[136,411,280,306]" box="[136,411,280,306]" pageId="5" pageNumber="280">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[136,276,280,306]" pageId="5" pageNumber="280">MycoBank:</emphasis>
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<accessionNumber box="[283,411,280,306]" pageId="5" pageNumber="280">MB844700</accessionNumber>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="280" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="5.[136,1452,352,2071]" pageId="5" pageNumber="280">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[136,290,352,378]" pageId="5" pageNumber="280">Typification:</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3897130302" accessionNumber="ON892503" collectingDate="2021-07" collectionCode="MFLU, MFLUCC" collectorName="Eleni Gentekaki & Vedprakash G. Hurdeal" country="Thailand" elevation="1052" latitude="19.78886" location="Mae Suai district" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="99.55647" pageId="5" pageNumber="280" specimenCode="MFLU 22-0123, MFLUCC 22-0067" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Chiang Rai" typeStatus="holotype">
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<collectingCountry box="[296,444,352,378]" name="Thailand" pageId="5" pageNumber="280">THAILAND</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingRegion box="[455,690,352,378]" country="Thailand" name="Chiang Rai" pageId="5" pageNumber="280">Chiang Rai province</collectingRegion>
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,
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CA87AD9263F555EF847EC02F9FFF3C:8EBC60609263F556EDB27F552FEBFE9A" box="[702,897,352,379]" country="Thailand" latitude="19.78886" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="99.55647" name="Mae Suai district" pageId="5" pageNumber="280" stateProvince="Chiang Rai">Mae Suai district</location>
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,
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<elevation box="[908,1105,352,379]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.052" pageId="5" pageNumber="280" unit="m" value="1052.0">
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||
elevation
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<quantity box="[1018,1105,352,379]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.052" pageId="5" pageNumber="280" unit="m" value="1052.0">1052 m</quantity>
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</elevation>
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,
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<geoCoordinate box="[1117,1277,352,378]" degrees="19" direction="north" minutes="47" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="280" precision="1" seconds="19.9" value="19.78886">19°47’19.9”N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate box="[1289,1447,352,378]" degrees="99" direction="east" minutes="33" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="280" precision="1" seconds="23.3" value="99.55647">99°33’23.3”E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<date box="[136,250,388,414]" pageId="5" pageNumber="280" value="2021-07">
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<collectingDate box="[136,250,388,414]" pageId="5" pageNumber="280" value="2021-07">July 2021</collectingDate>
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</date>
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, soil from a coffee farm, collected by
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<collectorName box="[688,871,388,414]" pageId="5" pageNumber="280">Eleni Gentekaki</collectorName>
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and isolated by
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<collectorName box="[1060,1324,388,414]" pageId="5" pageNumber="280">Vedprakash G. Hurdeal</collectorName>
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(
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1342,1451,388,414]" pageId="5" pageNumber="280">
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<typeStatus box="[1342,1451,388,414]" pageId="5" pageNumber="280">Holotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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<specimenCode box="[136,318,424,451]" collectionCode="MFLU" country="Thailand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/672j-mk16" name="Mae Fah Laung University Herbarium" pageId="5" pageNumber="280">MFLU 22-0123</specimenCode>
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; ex-type living culture
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<specimenCode box="[577,798,424,450]" collectionCode="MFLUCC" country="Thailand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/gsgf-e23h" name="Mae Fah Luang University Culture Collection" pageId="5" pageNumber="280">MFLUCC 22-0067</specimenCode>
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).
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<collectorName box="[816,926,424,450]" pageId="5" pageNumber="280">GenBank</collectorName>
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: 28S =
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<accessionNumber box="[1010,1138,424,451]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/ON892503" pageId="5" pageNumber="280">ON892503</accessionNumber>
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</materialsCitation>
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;
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3897130301" accessionNumber="ON899832" box="[1149,1349,424,451]" country="Thailand" pageId="5" pageNumber="280" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Chiang Rai province" typeStatus="holotype">
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ITS =
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<accessionNumber box="[1221,1349,424,450]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/ON899832" pageId="5" pageNumber="280">ON899832</accessionNumber>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="280" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph blockId="5.[136,1452,352,2071]" pageId="5" pageNumber="280">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,314,460,486]" pageId="5" pageNumber="280">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
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The protologue of
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<taxonomicName authority="(de Souza et al. 2014)" baseAuthorityName="de Souza" baseAuthorityYear="2014" box="[526,962,460,486]" class="Mucoromycetes" family="Backusellaceae" genus="Backusella" kingdom="Fungi" order="Mucorales" pageId="5" pageNumber="280" phylum="Zygomycota" rank="species" species="gigacellularis">
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<emphasis box="[526,713,460,486]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="280">B. gigacellularis</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="de Souza, J. I. & Marano, A. V. & Pires-Zottarelli, C. L. A. & Chambergo, F. S. & Harakava, R." box="[726,955,460,486]" pageId="5" pageNumber="280" pagination="975 - 980" refId="ref6372" refString="de Souza, J. I., Marano, A. V., Pires-Zottarelli, C. L. A., Chambergo, F. S. & Harakava, R. (2014) A new species of Backusella (Mucorales) from a Cerrado reserve in Southeast Brazil. Mycological Progress 13: 975 - 980. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / S 11557 - 014 - 0981 - 3" type="journal article" year="2014">
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de Souza
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<emphasis box="[835,891,460,486]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="280">et al.</emphasis>
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2014
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</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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described this species with larger sporangia (40–131 μm
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<emphasis box="[278,301,497,522]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="280">vs</emphasis>
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35.5–71.5 µm diam) and sporangiospores (9–39×5.5–19.5 μm
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<emphasis box="[1001,1024,497,522]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="280">vs</emphasis>
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11–14.5×8–10.5 µm) than
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<taxonomicName authorityName="V. G Hurdeal & E. Gentekaki" authorityYear="2022" box="[1326,1445,496,522]" class="Mucoromycetes" family="Backusellaceae" genus="Backusella" kingdom="Fungi" order="Mucorales" pageId="5" pageNumber="280" phylum="Zygomycota" rank="species" species="solicola">
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<emphasis box="[1326,1445,496,522]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="280">B. solicola</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Furthermore,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="V. G Hurdeal & E. Gentekaki" authorityYear="2022" box="[292,413,532,558]" class="Mucoromycetes" family="Backusellaceae" genus="Backusella" kingdom="Fungi" order="Mucorales" pageId="5" pageNumber="280" phylum="Zygomycota" rank="species" species="solicola">
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<emphasis box="[292,413,532,558]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="280">B. solicola</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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produces unispored sporangiola (rare), as opposed to its sister taxa, whereby this character was not observed in
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<taxonomicName box="[364,550,568,594]" class="Mucoromycetes" family="Backusellaceae" genus="Backusella" kingdom="Fungi" order="Mucorales" pageId="5" pageNumber="280" phylum="Zygomycota" rank="species" species="gigacellularis">
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<emphasis box="[364,550,568,594]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="280">B. gigacellularis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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culture.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="V. G Hurdeal & E. Gentekaki" authorityYear="2022" box="[647,866,568,594]" class="Mucoromycetes" family="Backusellaceae" genus="Backusella" kingdom="Fungi" order="Mucorales" pageId="5" pageNumber="280" phylum="Zygomycota" rank="species" species="solicola">
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<emphasis box="[647,866,568,594]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="280">Backusella solicola</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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also produces larger multispored sporangiola (22.5– 31.5 × 22.5–35 µm
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<emphasis box="[363,386,605,630]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="280">vs</emphasis>
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23 μm) and slightly larger columellae (27.5–54.5 × 22–35 µm
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<emphasis box="[1107,1130,605,630]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="280">vs</emphasis>
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9.4–53×8.2–46 μm) than
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<taxonomicName class="Mucoromycetes" family="Backusellaceae" genus="Backusella" kingdom="Fungi" order="Mucorales" pageId="5" pageNumber="280" phylum="Zygomycota" rank="species" species="gigacellularis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="280">B. gigacellularis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. The sexual stages of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="V. G Hurdeal & E. Gentekaki" authorityYear="2022" box="[535,654,640,666]" class="Mucoromycetes" family="Backusellaceae" genus="Backusella" kingdom="Fungi" order="Mucorales" pageId="5" pageNumber="280" phylum="Zygomycota" rank="species" species="solicola">
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<emphasis box="[535,654,640,666]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="280">B. solicola</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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to
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<taxonomicName box="[688,874,640,666]" class="Mucoromycetes" family="Backusellaceae" genus="Backusella" kingdom="Fungi" order="Mucorales" pageId="5" pageNumber="280" phylum="Zygomycota" rank="species" species="gigacellularis">
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<emphasis box="[688,874,640,666]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="280">B. gigacellularis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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were not compared as in both species this stage was not observed. Molecular phylogeny also supported these morphological differences. In all phylogenetic analyses,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="V. G Hurdeal & E. Gentekaki" authorityYear="2022" class="Mucoromycetes" family="Backusellaceae" genus="Backusella" kingdom="Fungi" order="Mucorales" pageId="5" pageNumber="280" phylum="Zygomycota" rank="species" species="solicola">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="280">B. solicola</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName box="[279,466,712,738]" class="Mucoromycetes" family="Backusellaceae" genus="Backusella" kingdom="Fungi" order="Mucorales" pageId="5" pageNumber="280" phylum="Zygomycota" rank="species" species="gigacellularis">
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<emphasis box="[279,466,712,738]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="280">B. gigacellularis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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were segregated with high statistical support. The genetic distance in the ITS regions of these two taxa is around 15 %, and gives more resolution to the species delimitation.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection box="[189,1045,784,811]" pageId="5" pageNumber="280" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[136,1452,352,2071]" box="[189,1045,784,811]" pageId="5" pageNumber="280">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,328,784,810]" pageId="5" pageNumber="280">Etymology:</emphasis>
|
||
epithet refers to the source from which the fungus was isolated.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="280" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[136,1452,352,2071]" pageId="5" pageNumber="280">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,337,820,846]" pageId="5" pageNumber="280">Description:</emphasis>
|
||
Asexual morph on MEA at 25 °C for 3-5 days. Substrate mycelia contain inflated regions with brown droplets ending with rhizoid-like filaments.
|
||
<emphasis box="[656,848,856,882]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="280">Sporangiophores</emphasis>
|
||
hyaline to pale brown, variable in length, undulate, transitorily curved when young and erect at maturity, 4.5–17 µm wide (
|
||
<emphasis box="[949,970,893,920]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="280">x</emphasis>
|
||
= 11.5 µm, n = 40), simple or sympodially branched, with a septum occasionally observed below the sporangium. Sporangiophores frequently broader at the base and then tapering slightly near the base of the sporangium.
|
||
<emphasis box="[854,971,964,990]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="280">Sporangia</emphasis>
|
||
pale brown to brown, globose, 34.5–67.5× 35.5–71.5 µm (
|
||
<emphasis box="[313,325,1001,1028]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="280">x</emphasis>
|
||
= 47.5× 48.5 µm, n = 30), minutely spinulose.
|
||
<emphasis box="[863,992,1000,1026]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="280">Columellae</emphasis>
|
||
hyaline, subglobose, ellipsoidal, oblong to cylindrical (often constricted in the centre), pyriform, conical, non-collapsing, 27.5–54.5 × 22–35 µm (
|
||
<emphasis box="[1342,1354,1037,1064]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="280">x</emphasis>
|
||
= 41.5 × 30.5 µm, n = 30), smooth-walled; collar short (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[658,794,1072,1098]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[136,229,1845,1867]" captionTargetBox="[154,1434,245,1814]" captionTargetId="figure-52@6.[151,1436,242,1817]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Backusella solicola MFLUCC 22-0067 (ex-type). A, B. branching pattern of sporangiophores. C. short branched sporophore with columellae. D, E, H. developmental stages of the sporangium. F. unispored sporangiola. G. sporangiospores. I–J. multispored sporangiolum. K. obverse and reverse of colony in PDA. L–Q. various shaped columellae. Bars: B, C, E, H, J, L–N, P, Q = 20 µm; D, G, O = 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7021745" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7021745/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="280">FIG. 2 L–Q</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis box="[812,950,1072,1098]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="280">Sporangiola</emphasis>
|
||
multispored, rarely unispored, pale brown to brown, globose to subglobose, often produced in short sympodially branched sporophores, 22.5–31.5 × 22.5–35 µm (
|
||
<emphasis box="[145,157,1145,1172]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="280">x</emphasis>
|
||
= 25 × 26µm, n = 30), containing 4–8 sporangiospores each; wall persistent and spinulose (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1188,1300,1144,1170]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[136,229,1845,1867]" captionTargetBox="[154,1434,245,1814]" captionTargetId="figure-52@6.[151,1436,242,1817]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Backusella solicola MFLUCC 22-0067 (ex-type). A, B. branching pattern of sporangiophores. C. short branched sporophore with columellae. D, E, H. developmental stages of the sporangium. F. unispored sporangiola. G. sporangiospores. I–J. multispored sporangiolum. K. obverse and reverse of colony in PDA. L–Q. various shaped columellae. Bars: B, C, E, H, J, L–N, P, Q = 20 µm; D, G, O = 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7021745" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7021745/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="280">FIG. 2I, J</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="280">Columellae of sporangiola</emphasis>
|
||
hyaline, smooth-walled subglobose or conical.
|
||
<emphasis box="[835,1024,1180,1206]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="280">Sporangiospores</emphasis>
|
||
hyaline to pale, brown ellipsoidal and few irregularly shaped, 11–14.5× 8–10.5 µm (
|
||
<emphasis box="[650,662,1217,1244]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="280">x</emphasis>
|
||
= 12.5× 9.5 µm, n = 40). Chlamydospores and rhizoids present. Sexual morph was not observed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="281" pageId="5" pageNumber="280" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[136,1452,352,2071]" pageId="5" pageNumber="280">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,835,1288,1314]" pageId="5" pageNumber="280">Culture characteristics as observed in MEA and PDA:</emphasis>
|
||
In MEA, initially (day 1-24 hours post-inoculation), at 15-28 °C, the colony morphology is flat, moist and yeast-like with only few strands of hyphae observed. On day 2, the morphology remains the same at 15-25 °C. After day 3 at 28 °C, the colony is white and fluffy with both horizontal and lateral growth. At 25 °C, the colony front is white and the reverse white to pale yellow. Initially (day 1-2), mostly single branches were observed (tall sporangiophores with terminal sporangium), but with maturity sympodial branches were also observed. As the culture matures, sporangiophores with dark brown sporangia and sporangiola are observed. In PDA (in all tested temperatures), colony white with fluffy and cottony appearance with both lateral and horizontal growth. Lateral growth observed from the point of inoculation but absent at the perimeter of the culture. Both simple and sympodially branched sporangiophores were observed. As the colony matures (day 2 onwards), the colony front and reverse remain white with small dark spots (the sporangia) visible with the naked eye. Mostly simple branches of the sporophores observed but sympodial branches were present as well. The sporangiophores were undulate and some erect.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[136,1452,352,2071]" pageId="5" pageNumber="280">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,576,1720,1746]" pageId="5" pageNumber="280">Growth characteristics in MEA:</emphasis>
|
||
Growth in MEA was slightly faster than in PDA whereby at day 3 the fungus completely covered the inoculated MEA plate in most temperatures (20-28 °C) tested. At day 1, more reproductive structures such as sporangia were observed in MEA than PDA at 20 °C. Growth was observed at temperatures ranging from 15-28 °C. No growth was observed at 4, 8 and 37 °C after 14 days. In all tested temperatures and data obtained from measurements taken after every 24 hours, it was observed that the colony grew faster at 28 °C with better sporulation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[136,1452,352,2071]" lastBlockId="6.[136,1452,158,221]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="281" pageId="5" pageNumber="280">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,550,1936,1963]" pageId="5" pageNumber="280">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,541,1936,1963]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="280">Growth characteristics in PDA</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Similar to MEA, growth was fastest at 28 °C. Initially (day 1), at low temperature (15 °C), reproductive structures were rare or not produced yet. As the colony matures, a white colony with simple and sympodially branched sporophores were observed. In other temperatures tested, the colony colour and appearance were similar. At temperatures ranging from 20-28 °C, asexual reproductive structures appear within 24 hours post inoculation. The sporangiophores are simple or sympodially branched. Growth was observed at temperatures ranging from 15-28 °C. No growth was observed at 4 °C, 8 °C and 37 °C after 14 days
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |