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<document id="9C01058C1F02A3CA06083CDAC806BD20" ID-CLB-Dataset="7588" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2021.740.1283" ID-GBIF-Dataset="504278d0-5689-4adb-9350-3e97392bfbf0" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4643194" ID-ZooBank="07F1B593-9F4F-4B32-88D9-ADC5CA0BEB84" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1617000866870" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Silva-Morales, Itzahí &amp; Gómez-Vásquez, Julio D." docDate="2021" docId="03CA87A4D360803079234572FAAC616E" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-740_77-117.pdf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 740 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.740.1283" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Apionsoma (Apionsoma) hespera Silva-Morales &amp; Gómez-Vásquez 2021, comb. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="95" masterDocId="FFF3FFDCD3708022781D441FFFC86728" masterDocTitle="First records and two new species of sipunculans (Sipuncula) from the Southern Mexican Pacific" masterLastPageNumber="117" masterPageNumber="77" pageNumber="93" updateTime="1698935294745" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="B60D4730F6E88D6811BB29B8DF60BC87">First records and two new species of sipunculans (Sipuncula) from the Southern Mexican Pacific</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="946F7E288A706E28AD245CD52646080E">Silva-Morales, Itzahí</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="473E8E4E0D69C53044E2224FF4FAE955">División de Posgrado, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Unidad Chetumal, Quintana Roo, Mexico.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="6122D00BF1137A326A98BB2C23166DCF">Gómez-Vásquez, Julio D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="832E88C3A217D657620B5152F2D7E74A">Laboratorio de Sistemática de Invertebrados Marinos (LABSIM), Universidad del Mar campus Puerto Ángel, Ciudad Universitaria, Puerto Ángel, Pochutla, Oaxaca 70902, Mexico.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="F1C4D898F19F7149771E81B9B1758C8F">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="8FDFD1CAFF99EA48FFF888C9E340093D">2021</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03CA87A4D360803079234572FAAC616E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4644412" ID-GBIF-Taxon="180777726" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4644412" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CA87A4D360803079234572FAAC616E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CA87A4D360803079234572FAAC616E" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="95" pageId="16" pageNumber="93">
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<taxonomicName id="4C634D31D360803279234572FC7766A0" ID-CoL="7WCPR" authority="(Chamberlin, 1920)" authorityName="Silva-Morales &amp; Gómez-Vásquez" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Chamberlin" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[318,959,365,392]" class="Phascolosomatidea" family="Phascolosomatidae" genus="Apionsoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phascolosomatiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="93" phylum="Sipuncula" rank="species" species="hespera" status="comb. nov." subGenus="Apionsoma">
<emphasis id="B917EAA0D360803279234572FD1966A0" bold="true" box="[318,721,365,392]" pageId="16" pageNumber="93">
<emphasis id="B917EAA0D360803279234572FE0F66AF" bold="true" box="[318,455,365,391]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="93">Apionsoma</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B917EAA0D360803279C54572FDA966AF" bold="true" box="[472,609,365,391]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="93">Apionsoma</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B917EAA0D36080327A6F4572FD1966A0" bold="true" box="[626,721,365,392]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="93">hespera</emphasis>
</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B43D36080327AFD4571FC7F66A0" author="Chamberlin R. V." box="[736,951,366,392]" pageId="16" pageNumber="93" pagination="30 - 31" refId="ref14093" refString="Chamberlin R. V. 1920. Notes on the sipunculids of Laguna Beach. Journal of Entomology and Zoology 12: 30 - 31." type="journal article" year="1920">Chamberlin, 1920</bibRefCitation>
)
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, reinstatement
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<figureCitation id="13582A37D36080327AD6458EFC866683" box="[715,846,401,427]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[188,231,1891,1917]" captionTargetBox="[268,1332,1187,1865]" captionTargetId="figure-267@16.[189,1399,1169,1885]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 8. – A–C. Hooks of Apionsoma (Apionsoma) hespera (Chamberlin, 1920) comb. nov. A. From Oaxaca, Mexico. B–C. From Peru. – D–E. Hooks of Apionsoma misakianum (Ikeda, 1904). D. From Misaki, Japan. E. From Japan. B–C: from Amor (1975); D: from Ikeda (1904); E: from Cutler et al. (1984)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4643216" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4643216/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="93">Figs 8A–C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13582A37D36080327B47458EFCA16683" box="[858,873,401,427]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[189,232,1855,1881]" captionTargetBox="[202,1370,386,1818]" captionTargetId="figure-86@17.[189,1399,378,1829]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 9. Apionsoma (Apionsoma) hespera (Chamberlin, 1920) comb. nov. from the Southern Mexican Pacific. A. External morphology. B. Internal morphology. C. Caudal papillae. D. Caudal papillae, amplified view. E. Hooks. Abbreviations: DRM = dorsal retractor muscles; I = intestine; LM = longitudinal muscle; N = nephridium; VRM = ventral retractor muscles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4643218" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4643218/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="93">9</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDC36B2D360803278A045CDFEBB6538" blockId="16.[189,1398,466,528]" pageId="16" pageNumber="93">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB73119CD360803278A045CDFEBB6538" pageId="16" pageNumber="93">
<treatmentCitation id="0AC210A3D360803278A045CDFD2B66C4" author="Chamberlin R. V." box="[189,739,466,492]" page="31" pageId="16" pageNumber="93" year="1920">
<taxonomicName id="4C634D31D360803278A045CDFD2B66C4" ID-CoL="7WCPR" authority="Chamberlin, 1920: 31" authorityName="Chamberlin" authorityPageNumber="31" authorityYear="1920" box="[189,739,466,492]" class="Phascolosomatidea" family="Phascolosomatidae" genus="Phascolosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phascolosomatiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="93" phylum="Sipuncula" rank="species" species="hespera">
<emphasis id="B917EAA0D360803278A045CDFE1866C4" box="[189,464,466,492]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="93">Phascolosoma hespera</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B43D360803279C645CDFD2B66C4" author="Chamberlin R. V." box="[475,739,466,492]" pageId="16" pageNumber="93" pagination="30 - 31" refId="ref14093" refString="Chamberlin R. V. 1920. Notes on the sipunculids of Laguna Beach. Journal of Entomology and Zoology 12: 30 - 31." type="journal article" year="1920">Chamberlin, 1920: 31</bibRefCitation>
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(
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locality: Balboa,
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Bay, Orange County,
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).
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</paragraph>
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB73119CD360803278A04628FDFC65B0" pageId="16" pageNumber="93">
<taxonomicName id="4C634D31D360803278A04628FE5A6579" authorityName="sensu Fisher" authorityYear="1952" box="[189,402,567,593]" class="Sipunculidea" family="Golfingiidae" genus="Golfingia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Golfingiiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="93" phylum="Sipuncula" rank="species" species="hespera">
<emphasis id="B917EAA0D360803278A04628FE5A6579" box="[189,402,567,593]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="93">Golfingia hespera</emphasis>
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–
<treatmentCitation id="0AC210A3D360803279AF4628FD72657A" author="Fisher W. K." box="[434,698,567,594]" page="393" pageId="16" pageNumber="93" year="1952">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B43D360803279AF4628FD72657A" author="Fisher W. K." box="[434,698,567,594]" pageId="16" pageNumber="93" pagination="371 - 450" refId="ref15418" refString="Fisher W. K. 1952. The sipunculid worms of California and Baja California. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 102 (3306): 371 - 450. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.102 - 3306.371" type="journal article" year="1952">Fisher 1952: 393–395</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 24, figs 1–5 (San Lucas Cove, southern Santa Rosalía, Gulf of
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, commensals in
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<emphasis id="B917EAA0D36080327A844645FCD3655C" box="[665,795,602,628]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="93">Cerianthus</emphasis>
Delle Chiaje, 1841
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tubes; Balboa,
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Bay, Orange County,
<collectingRegion id="49A7F850D360803279B64662FDE065B0" box="[427,552,637,664]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="16" pageNumber="93">California</collectingRegion>
).
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</paragraph>
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB73119CD360803278A046BFFCA165F7" pageId="16" pageNumber="93">
<taxonomicName id="4C634D31D360803278A046BFFDE76592" authorityName="sensu Fisher" authorityYear="1952" box="[189,559,672,699]" class="Sipunculidea" family="Golfingiidae" genus="Golfingia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Golfingiiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="93" phylum="Sipuncula" rank="species" species="hespera" subGenus="Mitosiphon">
<emphasis id="B917EAA0D360803278A046BFFEE46592" box="[189,300,672,698]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="93">Golfingia</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B917EAA0D3608032792146BFFE0A6592" box="[316,450,672,698]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="93">Mitosiphon</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B917EAA0D360803279CF46BFFDE76592" box="[466,559,672,698]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="93">hespera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
–
<treatmentCitation id="0AC210A3D36080327A5446BEFC8C6593" author="Amor A." box="[585,836,672,699]" page="115" pageId="16" pageNumber="93" year="1975">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B43D36080327A5446BEFC8C6593" author="Amor A." box="[585,836,672,699]" pageId="16" pageNumber="93" pagination="113 - 120" refId="ref13732" refString="Amor A. 1975. Notas sobre Sipuncula de la Argentina, Brasil y Peru. Physys 34: 113 - 120." type="journal article" year="1975">Amor 1975: 115–116</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 2, figs a–d (Ancón,
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in
<taxonomicName id="4C634D31D36080327CAC46BFFE4A65F6" authority="Morch, 1863" authorityName="Morch" authorityYear="1863" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellariidae" genus="Phragmatopoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="16" pageNumber="93" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B917EAA0D36080327CAC46BFFABE6592" box="[1201,1398,672,698]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="93">Phragmatopoma</emphasis>
Mörch, 1863
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C634D31D360803279A646DBFD2565F6" authority="Olsson, 1961" authorityName="Olsson" authorityYear="1961" box="[443,749,708,734]" class="Bivalvia" family="Mytilidae" genus="Perumytilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mytiloida" pageId="16" pageNumber="93" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B917EAA0D360803279A646DBFD8165F6" box="[443,585,708,734]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="93">Perumytilus</emphasis>
Olsson, 1961
</taxonomicName>
, in rocks).
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</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B917EAA0D360803278A0471AFE626437" bold="true" box="[189,426,773,799]" pageId="16" pageNumber="93">Material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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–
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<collectingRegion id="49A7F850D3608032794D472CFE676465" box="[336,431,819,845]" country="Mexico" name="Oaxaca" pageId="16" pageNumber="93">Oaxaca</collectingRegion>
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• 1;
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;
<date id="FFDD1072D36080327BAA472BFBC86466" box="[951,1024,820,846]" pageId="16" pageNumber="93">4 Apr.</date>
4, 2007; artificial monticule, in rocks; UMAR-SIPU 101
</materialsCitation>
•
<materialsCitation id="3B0B3CEFD36080327A1F4748FE5D64BC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3062266339" collectingDate="2012-04-24" collectionCode="NVHH" country="Mexico" latitude="15.663889" location="Panteon Beach" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-96.494995" pageId="16" pageNumber="93" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Oaxaca">
3;
<location id="8EBC6069D36080327A3F4748FD1F6459" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CA87A4D360803079234572FAAC616E:8EBC6069D36080327A3F4748FD1F6459" box="[546,727,855,881]" country="Mexico" latitude="15.663889" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-96.494995" name="Panteon Beach" pageId="16" pageNumber="93" stateProvince="Oaxaca">Panteón Beach</location>
;
<geoCoordinate id="EE575075D36080327AF8474AFCB56459" box="[741,893,853,881]" degrees="15" direction="north" minutes="39" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="93" precision="15" seconds="50" value="15.663889">15°39′50″ N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE575075D36080327B96474AFBE06459" box="[907,1064,853,881]" degrees="96" direction="west" minutes="29" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="93" precision="15" seconds="42" value="-96.494995">96°29′42″ W</geoCoordinate>
;
<date id="FFDD1072D36080327C2A4748FB1F6459" box="[1079,1239,855,881]" pageId="16" pageNumber="93" value="2012-04-24">
<collectingDate id="EF99E99AD36080327C2A4748FB1F6459" box="[1079,1239,855,881]" pageId="16" pageNumber="93" value="2012-04-24">24 Apr. 2012</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectionCode id="ED72AE77D36080327CF84748FAF26459" box="[1253,1338,855,881]" pageId="16" pageNumber="93">NVHH</collectionCode>
leg.; UMAR-SIPU 102
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3796539D360803378A047A4FE8A666E" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="94" pageId="16" pageNumber="93" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BDC36B2D360803278A047A4FE8664FD" blockId="16.[189,334,955,981]" box="[189,334,955,981]" pageId="16" pageNumber="93">
<heading id="D09481DED360803278A047A4FE8664FD" bold="true" box="[189,334,955,981]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="93" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B917EAA0D360803278A047A4FE8664FD" bold="true" box="[189,334,955,981]" pageId="16" pageNumber="93">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDC36B2D360803278A047F5FABE6346" blockId="16.[189,1400,1002,1134]" pageId="16" pageNumber="93">
Trunk
<quantity id="4C9B9B57D3608032791047F5FE9B632D" box="[269,339,1002,1029]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="93" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
in length, spindle-shaped (
<figureCitation id="13582A37D36080327A8447F5FD32632C" box="[665,762,1002,1028]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[189,232,1855,1881]" captionTargetBox="[202,1370,386,1818]" captionTargetId="figure-86@17.[189,1399,378,1829]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 9. Apionsoma (Apionsoma) hespera (Chamberlin, 1920) comb. nov. from the Southern Mexican Pacific. A. External morphology. B. Internal morphology. C. Caudal papillae. D. Caudal papillae, amplified view. E. Hooks. Abbreviations: DRM = dorsal retractor muscles; I = intestine; LM = longitudinal muscle; N = nephridium; VRM = ventral retractor muscles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4643218" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4643218/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="93">Fig. 9A</figureCitation>
). Introvert seven times trunk length. Posterior end of trunk with numerous distinctive papillae (
<figureCitation id="13582A37D36080327AA74012FC88630F" box="[698,832,1037,1063]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[189,232,1855,1881]" captionTargetBox="[202,1370,386,1818]" captionTargetId="figure-86@17.[189,1399,378,1829]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 9. Apionsoma (Apionsoma) hespera (Chamberlin, 1920) comb. nov. from the Southern Mexican Pacific. A. External morphology. B. Internal morphology. C. Caudal papillae. D. Caudal papillae, amplified view. E. Hooks. Abbreviations: DRM = dorsal retractor muscles; I = intestine; LM = longitudinal muscle; N = nephridium; VRM = ventral retractor muscles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4643218" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4643218/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="93">Fig. 9C–D</figureCitation>
). More than 40 rings of hooks, with 7–8 basal spinelets. Spinelets longer than principal tooth (
<figureCitation id="13582A37D36080327B1F402FFCA96363" box="[770,865,1072,1099]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[189,232,1855,1881]" captionTargetBox="[202,1370,386,1818]" captionTargetId="figure-86@17.[189,1399,378,1829]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 9. Apionsoma (Apionsoma) hespera (Chamberlin, 1920) comb. nov. from the Southern Mexican Pacific. A. External morphology. B. Internal morphology. C. Caudal papillae. D. Caudal papillae, amplified view. E. Hooks. Abbreviations: DRM = dorsal retractor muscles; I = intestine; LM = longitudinal muscle; N = nephridium; VRM = ventral retractor muscles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4643218" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4643218/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="93">Fig. 9E</figureCitation>
). Body wall with continuous muscle layers. Four retractor muscles equidistant from ventral nerve cord near middle of trunk. Nephridia bilobed, with
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF1C663AD360803278A1437CFEDB60CF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4643216" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4643216" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4643216/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="93" startId="16.[188,231,1891,1917]" targetBox="[268,1332,1187,1865]" targetPageId="16">
<paragraph id="8BDC36B2D360803278A1437CFEDB60CF" blockId="16.[188,1399,1891,2023]" pageId="16" pageNumber="93">
<emphasis id="B917EAA0D360803278A1437CFEA26055" bold="true" box="[188,362,1891,1918]" pageId="16" pageNumber="93">Fig. 8. – A–C</emphasis>
. Hooks of
<taxonomicName id="4C634D31D360803279EB437BFBB06056" authority="(Chamberlin, 1920)" authorityName="Silva-Morales &amp; Gómez-Vásquez" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Chamberlin" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[502,1144,1891,1918]" class="Phascolosomatidea" family="Phascolosomatidae" genus="Apionsoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phascolosomatiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="93" phylum="Sipuncula" rank="species" species="hespera" status="comb. nov." subGenus="Apionsoma">
<emphasis id="B917EAA0D360803279EB437BFDB26056" box="[502,634,1892,1918]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="93">Apionsoma</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B917EAA0D36080327A93437BFCDA6056" box="[654,786,1892,1918]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="93">Apionsoma</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B917EAA0D36080327B3B437CFC4B6055" box="[806,899,1891,1917]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="93">hespera</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B43D36080327B8B437CFBB86056" author="Chamberlin R. V." box="[918,1136,1891,1918]" pageId="16" pageNumber="93" pagination="30 - 31" refId="ref14093" refString="Chamberlin R. V. 1920. Notes on the sipunculids of Laguna Beach. Journal of Entomology and Zoology 12: 30 - 31." type="journal article" year="1920">Chamberlin, 1920</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22457DBD36080327C9E437CFAC06056" box="[1155,1288,1891,1918]" pageId="16" pageNumber="93" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="B917EAA0D36080327D0D437CFAED6055" bold="true" box="[1296,1317,1891,1917]" pageId="16" pageNumber="93">A</emphasis>
. From Oaxaca, Mexico.
<emphasis id="B917EAA0D3608032798C4399FE0F6088" bold="true" box="[401,455,1926,1952]" pageId="16" pageNumber="93">B–C</emphasis>
. From Peru. –
<emphasis id="B917EAA0D36080327A9D4398FD7E6089" bold="true" box="[640,694,1927,1953]" pageId="16" pageNumber="93">D–E</emphasis>
. Hooks of
<taxonomicName id="4C634D31D36080327B224398FACD6089" authority="(Ikeda, 1904)" baseAuthorityName="Ikeda" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[831,1285,1927,1953]" class="Phascolosomatidea" family="Phascolosomatidae" genus="Apionsoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phascolosomatiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="93" phylum="Sipuncula" rank="species" species="misakianum">
<emphasis id="B917EAA0D36080327B224398FB926089" box="[831,1114,1927,1953]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="93">Apionsoma misakianum</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B43D36080327C744398FB336089" author="Ikeda I." box="[1129,1275,1927,1953]" pageId="16" pageNumber="93" pagination="1 - 87" refId="ref15820" refString="Ikeda I. 1904. The Gephyrea of Japan. Journal of the College of Science, Imperial University of Tokyo 20: 1 - 87." type="journal article" year="1904">Ikeda, 1904</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="B917EAA0D36080327D0E4398FAEE6089" bold="true" box="[1299,1318,1927,1953]" pageId="16" pageNumber="93">D</emphasis>
. From Misaki, Japan.
<emphasis id="B917EAA0D3608032796B43B5FE4F60EC" bold="true" box="[374,391,1962,1988]" pageId="16" pageNumber="93">E</emphasis>
. From Japan. B–C: from
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B43D36080327AA043B5FC9560ED" author="Amor A." box="[701,861,1962,1989]" pageId="16" pageNumber="93" pagination="113 - 120" refId="ref13732" refString="Amor A. 1975. Notas sobre Sipuncula de la Argentina, Brasil y Peru. Physys 34: 113 - 120." type="journal article" year="1975">Amor (1975)</bibRefCitation>
; D: from
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B43D36080327BC843B5FBBA60EC" author="Ikeda I." box="[981,1138,1962,1988]" pageId="16" pageNumber="93" pagination="1 - 87" refId="ref15820" refString="Ikeda I. 1904. The Gephyrea of Japan. Journal of the College of Science, Imperial University of Tokyo 20: 1 - 87." type="journal article" year="1904">Ikeda (1904)</bibRefCitation>
; E: from
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B43D36080327CFB43B5FEC760CF" author="Cutler E. B. &amp; Cutler N. J. &amp; Nishikawa T." pageId="16" pageNumber="93" pagination="249 - 322" refId="ref14907" refString="Cutler E. B., Cutler N. J. &amp; Nishikawa T. 1984. The Sipuncula of Japan: their systematics and distribution. Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory 29 (4 / 6): 249 - 322." type="journal article" year="1984">
Cutler
<emphasis id="B917EAA0D36080327D2143B4FAA760EC" box="[1340,1391,1962,1988]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="93">et al</emphasis>
. (1984)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BDC36B2D361803378A04516FE8A666E" blockId="17.[189,1399,265,326]" pageId="17" pageNumber="94">
unequal lobules occupying almost 90% of trunk length (
<figureCitation id="13582A37D36180337B524516FC64660B" box="[847,940,265,291]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[189,232,1855,1881]" captionTargetBox="[202,1370,386,1818]" captionTargetId="figure-86@17.[189,1399,378,1829]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 9. Apionsoma (Apionsoma) hespera (Chamberlin, 1920) comb. nov. from the Southern Mexican Pacific. A. External morphology. B. Internal morphology. C. Caudal papillae. D. Caudal papillae, amplified view. E. Hooks. Abbreviations: DRM = dorsal retractor muscles; I = intestine; LM = longitudinal muscle; N = nephridium; VRM = ventral retractor muscles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4643218" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4643218/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="94">Fig. 9B</figureCitation>
). Spindle muscle attached to body wall posteriorly.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF1C663AD361803378A04320FB9E60EA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4643218" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4643218" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4643218/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="94" startId="17.[189,232,1855,1881]" targetBox="[202,1370,386,1818]" targetPageId="17">
<paragraph id="8BDC36B2D361803378A04320FB9E60EA" blockId="17.[189,1398,1855,1987]" pageId="17" pageNumber="94">
<emphasis id="B917EAA0D361803378A04320FEDF6071" bold="true" box="[189,279,1855,1881]" pageId="17" pageNumber="94">Fig. 9.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C634D31D361803379364320FC1A6071" authority="(Chamberlin, 1920)" authorityName="Silva-Morales &amp; Gómez-Vásquez" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Chamberlin" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[299,978,1855,1881]" class="Phascolosomatidea" family="Phascolosomatidae" genus="Apionsoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phascolosomatiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="94" phylum="Sipuncula" rank="species" species="hespera" status="comb. nov." subGenus="Apionsoma">
<emphasis id="B917EAA0D361803379364320FE676071" box="[299,431,1855,1881]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="94">Apionsoma</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B917EAA0D361803379D14320FD986071" box="[460,592,1855,1881]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="94">Apionsoma</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B917EAA0D36180337A734320FD036071" box="[622,715,1855,1881]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="94">hespera</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B43D36180337AFA4320FC026071" author="Chamberlin R. V." box="[743,970,1855,1881]" pageId="17" pageNumber="94" pagination="30 - 31" refId="ref14093" refString="Chamberlin R. V. 1920. Notes on the sipunculids of Laguna Beach. Journal of Entomology and Zoology 12: 30 - 31." type="journal article" year="1920">Chamberlin, 1920</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22457DBD36180337BFB4320FBBD6071" box="[998,1141,1855,1881]" pageId="17" pageNumber="94" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
from the Southern Mexican Pacific.
<emphasis id="B917EAA0D36180337989437DFE616054" bold="true" box="[404,425,1890,1916]" pageId="17" pageNumber="94">A</emphasis>
. External morphology.
<emphasis id="B917EAA0D36180337AD2437DFD2B6054" bold="true" box="[719,739,1890,1916]" pageId="17" pageNumber="94">B</emphasis>
. Internal morphology.
<emphasis id="B917EAA0D36180337C1D437DFBDD6054" bold="true" box="[1024,1045,1890,1916]" pageId="17" pageNumber="94">C</emphasis>
. Caudal papillae.
<emphasis id="B917EAA0D36180337CE7437DFAC76054" bold="true" box="[1274,1295,1890,1916]" pageId="17" pageNumber="94">D</emphasis>
. Caudal papillae, amplified view.
<emphasis id="B917EAA0D361803379E9439AFDC060B7" bold="true" box="[500,520,1925,1951]" pageId="17" pageNumber="94">E</emphasis>
. Hooks. Abbreviations: DRM = dorsal retractor muscles; I = intestine; LM = longitudinal muscle; N = nephridium; VRM = ventral retractor muscles.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF1C663AD362803078A04516FC3F660B" ID-Table-UUID="DF1C663AD362803078A04516FC3F660B" box="[189,1015,265,291]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF1C663AD362803078A04516FC3F660B" pageId="18" pageNumber="95" targetBox="[213,1385,326,797]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="18">
<paragraph id="8BDC36B2D362803078A04516FC3F660B" blockId="18.[189,1015,265,291]" box="[189,1015,265,291]" pageId="18" pageNumber="95">
<emphasis id="B917EAA0D362803078A04516FED7660B" bold="true" box="[189,287,265,291]" pageId="18" pageNumber="95">Table 4.</emphasis>
Comparison between the species of
<taxonomicName id="4C634D31D36280307AD04516FC3A660B" authority="Sluiter, 1902" authorityName="Sluiter" authorityYear="1902" box="[717,1010,265,291]" class="Phascolosomatidea" family="Phascolosomatidae" genus="Apionsoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phascolosomatiformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="95" phylum="Sipuncula" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B917EAA0D36280307AD04516FC99660B" box="[717,849,265,291]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="95">Apionsoma</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B43D36280307B444516FC3A660B" author="Sluiter C. P." box="[857,1010,265,291]" pageId="18" pageNumber="95" pagination="1 - 53" refId="ref17059" refString="Sluiter C. P. 1902. Die Sipunculiden und Echiuriden der Siboga Expedition, nebst Zusammenstellung der ueberdies aus dem indischen Archipel bekannten Arten. Siboga Expeditie 25: 1 - 53. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 2046852 [accessed 4 Mar. 2021]." type="journal article" year="1902">Sluiter, 1902</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BDC36B2D36280307A204549FAFA6435" pageId="18" pageNumber="95">
<table id="F963C412D3627FDD78C84559FAA16435" box="[213,1385,326,797]" gridcols="4" gridrows="8" pageId="18" pageNumber="95">
<tr id="355334F0D3627FDD78C84559FAA16656" box="[213,1385,326,382]" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="95" rowspan-0="1">
<th id="76825D8CD3627FDD7A204559FCFF6656" box="[573,823,326,382]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="95">
<taxonomicName id="4C634D31D36280307A204549FCFF6646" authorityName="Chamberlin" authorityYear="1920" box="[573,823,342,366]" class="Phascolosomatidea" family="Phascolosomatidae" genus="Phascolosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phascolosomatiformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="95" phylum="Sipuncula" rank="species" species="hespera">
<emphasis id="B917EAA0D36280307A204549FCFF6646" bold="true" box="[573,823,342,366]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="95">Phascolosoma hespera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="76825D8CD3627FDD7B6E4559FBE86656" box="[883,1056,326,382]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="95">
<taxonomicName id="4C634D31D36280307B6E4559FBC56656" baseAuthorityName="Ikeda" baseAuthorityYear="1904" class="Phascolosomatidea" family="Phascolosomatidae" genus="Apionsoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phascolosomatiformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="95" phylum="Sipuncula" rank="species" species="misakianum" subGenus="Apionsoma">
<emphasis id="B917EAA0D36280307B6E4559FBC56656" bold="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="95">
<emphasis id="B917EAA0D36280307B6E4559FC276676" bold="true" box="[883,1007,326,350]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="95">Apionsoma</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B917EAA0D36280307BE24559FBDF6676" bold="true" box="[1023,1047,326,350]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="95">A.</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B917EAA0D36280307B984579FBC56656" bold="true" box="[901,1037,358,382]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="95">misakianum</emphasis>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="76825D8CD3627FDD7C424559FAA16656" box="[1119,1385,326,382]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="95">
<emphasis id="B917EAA0D36280307C424559FAE96656" bold="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="95">
<taxonomicName id="4C634D31D36280307C424559FAA16676" authorityName="Silva-Morales &amp; Gómez-Vásquez" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Chamberlin" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[1119,1385,326,350]" class="Phascolosomatidea" family="Phascolosomatidae" genus="Apionsoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phascolosomatiformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="95" phylum="Sipuncula" rank="species" species="hespera" status="comb. nov." subGenus="Apionsoma">
<emphasis id="B917EAA0D36280307C424559FB136676" bold="true" box="[1119,1243,326,350]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="95">Apionsoma</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B917EAA0D36280307CF64559FACB6676" bold="true" box="[1259,1283,326,350]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="95">A.</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B917EAA0D36280307D0E4559FAA16676" bold="true" box="[1299,1385,326,350]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="95">hespera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22457DBD36280307CBB4579FAE96656" box="[1190,1313,358,382]" pageId="18" pageNumber="95" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="355334F0D3627FDD78C84589FAA16686" box="[213,1385,406,430]" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="95">
<th id="76825D8CD3627FDD78C84589FDD26686" box="[213,538,406,430]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="95">
<emphasis id="B917EAA0D362803079224589FE796686" bold="true" box="[319,433,406,430]" pageId="18" pageNumber="95">Reference</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76825D8CD3627FDD7A204589FCFF6686" box="[573,823,406,430]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="95">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B43D36280307A494589FCE86686" author="Chamberlin R. V." box="[596,800,406,430]" pageId="18" pageNumber="95" pagination="30 - 31" refId="ref14093" refString="Chamberlin R. V. 1920. Notes on the sipunculids of Laguna Beach. Journal of Entomology and Zoology 12: 30 - 31." type="journal article" year="1920">Chamberlin (1920)</bibRefCitation>
</td>
<td id="76825D8CD3627FDD7B6E4589FBE86686" box="[883,1056,406,430]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="95">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B43D36280307B984589FBC66686" author="Ikeda I." box="[901,1038,406,430]" pageId="18" pageNumber="95" pagination="1 - 87" refId="ref15820" refString="Ikeda I. 1904. The Gephyrea of Japan. Journal of the College of Science, Imperial University of Tokyo 20: 1 - 87." type="journal article" year="1904">Ikeda (1904)</bibRefCitation>
</td>
<td id="76825D8CD3627FDD7C424589FAA16686" box="[1119,1385,406,430]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="95">this paper</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355334F0D3627FDD78C845A1FAA166DE" box="[213,1385,446,502]" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="95">
<th id="76825D8CD3627FDD78C845A1FDD266DE" box="[213,538,446,502]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="95">
<emphasis id="B917EAA0D3628030795445D2FE6E66CD" bold="true" box="[329,422,461,485]" pageId="18" pageNumber="95">Locality</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76825D8CD3627FDD7A2045A1FCFF66DE" box="[573,823,446,502]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="95">Laguna Beach, California, USA</td>
<td id="76825D8CD3627FDD7B6E45A1FBE866DE" box="[883,1056,446,502]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="95">Misaki, Japan</td>
<td id="76825D8CD3627FDD7C4245A1FAA166DE" box="[1119,1385,446,502]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="95">Panteón Beach, Oaxaca, Mexico</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355334F0D3627FDD78C8461AFAA16536" box="[213,1385,517,542]" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="95">
<th id="76825D8CD3627FDD78C8461AFDD26536" box="[213,538,517,542]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="95">
<emphasis id="B917EAA0D362803078FA4619FDC16536" bold="true" box="[231,521,517,542]" pageId="18" pageNumber="95">Number of rings of hooks</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76825D8CD3627FDD7A20461AFCFF6536" box="[573,823,517,542]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="95">30–50</td>
<td id="76825D8CD3627FDD7B6E461AFBE86536" box="[883,1056,517,542]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="95">60</td>
<td id="76825D8CD3627FDD7C42461AFAA16536" box="[1119,1385,517,542]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="95">40</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355334F0D3627FDD78C84632FAA1656E" box="[213,1385,557,582]" gridrow="4" pageId="18" pageNumber="95">
<th id="76825D8CD3627FDD78C84632FDD2656E" box="[213,538,557,582]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="18" pageNumber="95">
<emphasis id="B917EAA0D362803079384632FE04656D" bold="true" box="[293,460,557,581]" pageId="18" pageNumber="95">Basal spinelets</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76825D8CD3627FDD7A204632FCFF656E" box="[573,823,557,582]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="18" pageNumber="95">
<emphasis id="B917EAA0D36280307AAE4632FD08656D" bold="true" box="[691,704,557,581]" pageId="18" pageNumber="95">7</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76825D8CD3627FDD7B6E4632FBE8656E" box="[883,1056,557,582]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="18" pageNumber="95">4–5</td>
<td id="76825D8CD3627FDD7C424632FAA1656E" box="[1119,1385,557,582]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="18" pageNumber="95">7–8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355334F0D3627FDD78C8464AFAA16585" box="[213,1385,597,685]" gridrow="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="95">
<th id="76825D8CD3627FDD78C8464AFDD26585" box="[213,538,597,685]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="95">
<emphasis id="B917EAA0D362803078C8464AFDCC6585" bold="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="95">Proportion between distance of dorsal to ventral muscle with respect to the trunk</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76825D8CD3627FDD7A20464AFCFF6585" box="[573,823,597,685]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="95">10%</td>
<td id="76825D8CD3627FDD7B6E464AFBE86585" box="[883,1056,597,685]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="95">21%</td>
<td id="76825D8CD3627FDD7C42464AFAA16585" box="[1119,1385,597,685]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="95">10%</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355334F0D3627FDD78C846A3FAA165FD" box="[213,1385,700,725]" gridrow="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="95">
<th id="76825D8CD3627FDD78C846A3FDD265FD" box="[213,538,700,725]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="95">
<emphasis id="B917EAA0D3628030790546A3FE1065FD" bold="true" box="[280,472,700,725]" pageId="18" pageNumber="95">Nephridia extent</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76825D8CD3627FDD7A2046A3FCFF65FD" box="[573,823,700,725]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="95">100% of trunk</td>
<td id="76825D8CD3627FDD7B6E46A3FBE865FD" box="[883,1056,700,725]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="95">&lt;50% of trunk</td>
<td id="76825D8CD3627FDD7C4246A3FAA165FD" box="[1119,1385,700,725]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="95">80% of trunk</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355334F0D3627FDD78C846FAFAA16435" box="[213,1385,741,797]" gridrow="7" pageId="18" pageNumber="95">
<th id="76825D8CD3627FDD78C846FAFDD26435" box="[213,538,741,797]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="18" pageNumber="95">
<emphasis id="B917EAA0D362803078C746EBFDDE6424" bold="true" box="[218,534,756,780]" pageId="18" pageNumber="95">Longitude of basal spinelets</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76825D8CD3627FDD7A2046FAFCFF6435" box="[573,823,741,797]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="18" pageNumber="95">longer than principal tooth</td>
<td id="76825D8CD3627FDD7B6E46FAFBE86435" box="[883,1056,741,797]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="18" pageNumber="95">shorter than principal tooth</td>
<td id="76825D8CD3627FDD7C4246FAFAA16435" box="[1119,1385,741,797]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="18" pageNumber="95">longer than principal tooth</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="C3796539D362803078A04777FD0A627E" pageId="18" pageNumber="95" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BDC36B2D362803078A04777FEE764AA" blockId="18.[189,303,872,898]" box="[189,303,872,898]" pageId="18" pageNumber="95">
<heading id="D09481DED362803078A04777FEE764AA" bold="true" box="[189,303,872,898]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="95" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B917EAA0D362803078A04777FEE764AA" bold="true" box="[189,303,872,898]" pageId="18" pageNumber="95">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDC36B2D362803078A04788FD0A627E" blockId="18.[187,1399,918,1367]" pageId="18" pageNumber="95">
We reinstate the name
<taxonomicName id="4C634D31D362803079D64789FD136498" authorityName="Chamberlin" authorityYear="1920" box="[459,731,918,944]" class="Phascolosomatidea" family="Phascolosomatidae" genus="Phascolosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phascolosomatiformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="95" phylum="Sipuncula" rank="species" species="hespera">
<emphasis id="B917EAA0D362803079D64789FD136498" box="[459,731,918,944]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="95">Phascolosoma hespera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the correct genus as the new combination
<taxonomicName id="4C634D31D36280307CEE4789FE0864FB" authorityName="Silva-Morales &amp; Gómez-Vásquez" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Chamberlin" baseAuthorityYear="1920" class="Phascolosomatidea" family="Phascolosomatidae" genus="Apionsoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phascolosomatiformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="95" phylum="Sipuncula" rank="species" species="hespera" subGenus="Apionsoma">
<emphasis id="B917EAA0D36280307CEE4789FABF6498" box="[1267,1399,918,944]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="95">Apionsoma</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B917EAA0D362803078DA47A5FE8364FC" box="[199,331,954,980]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="95">Apionsoma</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B917EAA0D3628030794247A6FE0864FB" box="[351,448,953,979]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="95">hespera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B917EAA0D362803079A247A6FE0B64FB" box="[447,451,953,979]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="95">.</emphasis>
The most similar species to
<emphasis id="B917EAA0D36280307B3F47A5FCF464FC" box="[802,828,954,980]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="95">A.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C634D31D36280307B5B47A6FC1164FB" authorityName="Silva-Morales &amp; Gómez-Vásquez" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Chamberlin" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[838,985,953,980]" class="Phascolosomatidea" family="Phascolosomatidae" genus="Apionsoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phascolosomatiformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="95" phylum="Sipuncula" rank="species" species="hespera" status="comb. nov." subGenus="Apionsoma">
(
<emphasis id="B917EAA0D36280307B5247A5FCA964FC" box="[847,865,954,980]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="95">A</emphasis>
.)
<emphasis id="B917EAA0D36280307B6147A6FC1164FB" box="[892,985,953,979]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="95">hespera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22457DBD36280307BFE47A6FBA064FC" box="[995,1128,953,980]" pageId="18" pageNumber="95" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is
<taxonomicName id="4C634D31D36280307C9247A5FE9764DF" authority="(Ikeda, 1904)" baseAuthorityName="Ikeda" baseAuthorityYear="1904" class="Phascolosomatidea" family="Phascolosomatidae" genus="Apionsoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phascolosomatiformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="115" phylum="Sipuncula" rank="species" species="misakianum" subGenus="Apionsoma">
<emphasis id="B917EAA0D36280307C9247A5FB6964FC" box="[1167,1185,954,980]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="95">A</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B917EAA0D36280307CA147A5FB0664FC" box="[1212,1230,954,980]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="95">A</emphasis>
.)
<emphasis id="B917EAA0D36280307CF447A6FABF64FB" box="[1257,1399,953,979]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="95">misakianum</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B43D362803078D847C3FE9F64DF" author="Ikeda I." box="[197,343,988,1015]" pageId="18" pageNumber="95" pagination="1 - 87" refId="ref15820" refString="Ikeda I. 1904. The Gephyrea of Japan. Journal of the College of Science, Imperial University of Tokyo 20: 1 - 87." type="journal article" year="1904">Ikeda, 1904</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
from Misaki,
<collectingCountry id="F3747622D36280307A0847C2FD9064DF" box="[533,600,989,1015]" name="Japan" pageId="18" pageNumber="95">Japan</collectingCountry>
(
<tableCitation id="C6E10309D36280307A7647C3FD0364DF" box="[619,715,988,1015]" captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="18.[189,258,265,291]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Table 4. Comparison between the species of Apionsoma Sluiter, 1902." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF1C663AD362803078A04516FC3F660B" pageId="18" pageNumber="95" tableUuid="DF1C663AD362803078A04516FC3F660B">Table 4</tableCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B43D36280307AF847C3FC4064DF" author="Fisher W. K." box="[741,904,988,1015]" pageId="18" pageNumber="95" pagination="371 - 450" refId="ref15418" refString="Fisher W. K. 1952. The sipunculid worms of California and Baja California. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 102 (3306): 371 - 450. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.102 - 3306.371" type="journal article" year="1952">Fisher (1952)</bibRefCitation>
illustrated
<typeStatus id="54D88810D36280307C0847C2FB8064DF" box="[1045,1096,989,1015]" pageId="18" pageNumber="95">type</typeStatus>
material and he showed the morphological and ecological differences between the two species.
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B43D36280307C5F401FFB206332" author="Cutler E. B." box="[1090,1256,1024,1050]" pageId="18" pageNumber="95" pagination="367 - 384" refId="ref14225" refString="Cutler E. B. 1979. A reconsideration of the Golfingia subgenera Fisherana Stephen, Mitosiphon Fisher, and Apionsoma Sluiter (Sipuncula). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 65: 367 - 384. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1979. tb 01101. x" type="journal article" year="1979">Cutler (1979)</bibRefCitation>
considered
<taxonomicName id="4C634D31D362803078A0403CFD746315" authority="Chamberlin, 1920" authorityName="Chamberlin" authorityYear="1920" box="[189,700,1059,1085]" class="Phascolosomatidea" family="Phascolosomatidae" genus="Phascolosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phascolosomatiformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="95" phylum="Sipuncula" rank="species" species="hespera">
<emphasis id="B917EAA0D362803078A0403CFE1B6315" box="[189,467,1059,1085]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="95">Phascolosoma hespera</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B43D362803079FC403CFD746315" author="Chamberlin R. V." box="[481,700,1059,1085]" pageId="18" pageNumber="95" pagination="30 - 31" refId="ref14093" refString="Chamberlin R. V. 1920. Notes on the sipunculids of Laguna Beach. Journal of Entomology and Zoology 12: 30 - 31." type="journal article" year="1920">Chamberlin, 1920</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C634D31D36280307B1F403CFB036316" authority="sensu Fisher 1952" authorityName="sensu Fisher" authorityYear="1952" box="[770,1227,1059,1086]" class="Sipunculidea" family="Golfingiidae" genus="Golfingia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Golfingiiformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="95" phylum="Sipuncula" rank="species" species="hespera">
<emphasis id="B917EAA0D36280307B1F403CFC146315" box="[770,988,1059,1085]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="95">Golfingia hespera</emphasis>
sensu
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B43D36280307C24403CFB036316" author="Fisher W. K." box="[1081,1227,1059,1086]" pageId="18" pageNumber="95" pagination="371 - 450" refId="ref15418" refString="Fisher W. K. 1952. The sipunculid worms of California and Baja California. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 102 (3306): 371 - 450. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.102 - 3306.371" type="journal article" year="1952">Fisher 1952</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
as synonyms of
<taxonomicName id="4C634D31D362803078F84059FE116348" baseAuthorityName="Ikeda" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[229,473,1094,1121]" class="Phascolosomatidea" family="Phascolosomatidae" genus="Apionsoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phascolosomatiformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="115" phylum="Sipuncula" rank="species" species="misakianum" subGenus="Apionsoma">
<emphasis id="B917EAA0D362803078F84059FF376348" box="[229,255,1094,1120]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="95">A.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B917EAA0D362803079054059FEE26348" box="[280,298,1094,1120]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="95">A</emphasis>
.)
<emphasis id="B917EAA0D362803079564059FE116348" box="[331,473,1094,1120]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="95">misakianum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but we believe that the morphological features are enough to consider
<taxonomicName id="4C634D31D362803078A04075FEFF63AB" authorityName="sensu Fisher" authorityYear="1952" box="[189,311,1129,1155]" class="Sipunculidea" family="Golfingiidae" genus="Golfingia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Golfingiiformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="95" phylum="Sipuncula" rank="species" species="hespera">
<emphasis id="B917EAA0D362803078A04075FEFF63AB" box="[189,311,1129,1155]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="95">P. hespera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a valid name with a distribution in the TEP. We compared the illustrations of the hooks of
<taxonomicName id="4C634D31D362803078A04092FE57638E" box="[189,415,1164,1191]" class="Phascolosomatidea" family="Phascolosomatidae" genus="Apionsoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phascolosomatiformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="95" phylum="Sipuncula" rank="species" species="misakinaum" subGenus="Apionsoma">
<emphasis id="B917EAA0D362803078A04092FF1E638F" box="[189,214,1165,1191]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="95">A.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B917EAA0D362803078FA4092FEC8638F" box="[231,256,1165,1191]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="95">A.</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B917EAA0D3628030790C4093FE57638E" box="[273,415,1164,1190]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="95">misakinaum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, from Misaki (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B43D36280307A504093FD1D638F" author="Ikeda I." box="[589,725,1164,1191]" pageId="18" pageNumber="95" pagination="1 - 87" refId="ref15820" refString="Ikeda I. 1904. The Gephyrea of Japan. Journal of the College of Science, Imperial University of Tokyo 20: 1 - 87." type="journal article" year="1904">Ikeda 1904</bibRefCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="13582A37D36280307AFC4093FCF2638F" box="[737,826,1164,1191]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[188,231,1891,1917]" captionTargetBox="[268,1332,1187,1865]" captionTargetId="figure-267@16.[189,1399,1169,1885]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 8. – A–C. Hooks of Apionsoma (Apionsoma) hespera (Chamberlin, 1920) comb. nov. A. From Oaxaca, Mexico. B–C. From Peru. – D–E. Hooks of Apionsoma misakianum (Ikeda, 1904). D. From Misaki, Japan. E. From Japan. B–C: from Amor (1975); D: from Ikeda (1904); E: from Cutler et al. (1984)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4643216" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4643216/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="95">Fig. 8D</figureCitation>
) and other localities of
<collectingCountry id="F3747622D36280307C524092FB5A638F" box="[1103,1170,1165,1191]" name="Japan" pageId="18" pageNumber="95">Japan</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B43D36280307CBD4093FEEF63E2" author="Cutler E. B. &amp; Cutler N. J. &amp; Nishikawa T." pageId="18" pageNumber="95" pagination="249 - 322" refId="ref14907" refString="Cutler E. B., Cutler N. J. &amp; Nishikawa T. 1984. The Sipuncula of Japan: their systematics and distribution. Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory 29 (4 / 6): 249 - 322." type="journal article" year="1984">
Cutler
<emphasis id="B917EAA0D36280307CEF4092FAED638E" box="[1266,1317,1164,1190]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="95">et al</emphasis>
. 1984: 300–301
</bibRefCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="13582A37D3628030792C40AFFE4063E2" box="[305,392,1200,1226]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[188,231,1891,1917]" captionTargetBox="[268,1332,1187,1865]" captionTargetId="figure-267@16.[189,1399,1169,1885]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 8. – A–C. Hooks of Apionsoma (Apionsoma) hespera (Chamberlin, 1920) comb. nov. A. From Oaxaca, Mexico. B–C. From Peru. – D–E. Hooks of Apionsoma misakianum (Ikeda, 1904). D. From Misaki, Japan. E. From Japan. B–C: from Amor (1975); D: from Ikeda (1904); E: from Cutler et al. (1984)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4643216" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4643216/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="95">Fig. 8E</figureCitation>
), with the hooks of the specimens revised in this study (
<figureCitation id="13582A37D36280307C1E40AFFB9563E2" box="[1027,1117,1200,1226]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[188,231,1891,1917]" captionTargetBox="[268,1332,1187,1865]" captionTargetId="figure-267@16.[189,1399,1169,1885]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 8. – A–C. Hooks of Apionsoma (Apionsoma) hespera (Chamberlin, 1920) comb. nov. A. From Oaxaca, Mexico. B–C. From Peru. – D–E. Hooks of Apionsoma misakianum (Ikeda, 1904). D. From Misaki, Japan. E. From Japan. B–C: from Amor (1975); D: from Ikeda (1904); E: from Cutler et al. (1984)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4643216" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4643216/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="95">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
) and those of specimens recorded from
<collectingCountry id="F3747622D3628030797740CCFE6863C5" box="[362,416,1235,1261]" name="Peru" pageId="18" pageNumber="95">Peru</collectingCountry>
as
<taxonomicName id="4C634D31D362803079D740CCFCF663C5" authorityName="sensu Fisher" authorityYear="1952" box="[458,830,1235,1261]" class="Sipunculidea" family="Golfingiidae" genus="Golfingia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Golfingiiformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="95" phylum="Sipuncula" rank="species" species="hespera" subGenus="Mitosiphon">
<emphasis id="B917EAA0D362803079D740CCFDF163C5" box="[458,569,1235,1261]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="95">Golfingia</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B917EAA0D36280307A5740CCFD1863C5" box="[586,720,1235,1261]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="95">Mitosiphon</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B917EAA0D36280307AFC40CCFCF663C5" box="[737,830,1235,1261]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="95">hespera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B43D36280307B5040CCFC1263C6" author="Amor A." box="[845,986,1235,1262]" pageId="18" pageNumber="95" pagination="113 - 120" refId="ref13732" refString="Amor A. 1975. Notas sobre Sipuncula de la Argentina, Brasil y Peru. Physys 34: 113 - 120." type="journal article" year="1975">Amor 1975</bibRefCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="13582A37D36280307BFB40CCFBAD63C5" box="[998,1125,1235,1261]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[188,231,1891,1917]" captionTargetBox="[268,1332,1187,1865]" captionTargetId="figure-267@16.[189,1399,1169,1885]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 8. – A–C. Hooks of Apionsoma (Apionsoma) hespera (Chamberlin, 1920) comb. nov. A. From Oaxaca, Mexico. B–C. From Peru. – D–E. Hooks of Apionsoma misakianum (Ikeda, 1904). D. From Misaki, Japan. E. From Japan. B–C: from Amor (1975); D: from Ikeda (1904); E: from Cutler et al. (1984)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4643216" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4643216/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="95">Fig. 8B–C</figureCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B43D36280307C6740CCFABE63C5" author="Staton J. &amp; Rice M. E." box="[1146,1398,1235,1261]" pageId="18" pageNumber="95" pagination="467 - 80" refId="ref17223" refString="Staton J. &amp; Rice M. E. 1999. Genetic differentiation despite teleplanic larval dispersal: allozyme variation in sipunculans of the Apionsoma misakianum species complex. Bulletin of Marine Science 65: 467 - 80." type="journal article" year="1999">Staton &amp; Rice (1999)</bibRefCitation>
stated that there is strong reproductive isolation between the northern and southern populations of the
<taxonomicName id="4C634D31D362803078A04105FEA6621B" baseAuthorityName="Ikeda" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[189,366,1305,1332]" class="Phascolosomatidea" family="Phascolosomatidae" genus="Apionsoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phascolosomatiformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="95" phylum="Sipuncula" rank="species" species="misakianum">
<emphasis id="B917EAA0D362803078A04105FEA6621B" box="[189,366,1305,1332]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="95">A. misakianum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species complex, another argument to consider that
<taxonomicName id="4C634D31D36280307BF64105FBA3621B" authorityName="sensu Fisher" authorityYear="1952" box="[1003,1131,1305,1332]" class="Sipunculidea" family="Golfingiidae" genus="Golfingia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Golfingiiformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="95" phylum="Sipuncula" rank="species" species="hespera">
<emphasis id="B917EAA0D36280307BF64105FBA3621B" box="[1003,1131,1305,1332]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="95">A. hespera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a valid species and likely could be part of this species complex.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3796539D362803078A0419AFB9762E7" box="[189,1119,1413,1487]" pageId="18" pageNumber="95" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BDC36B2D362803078A0419AFED562B7" blockId="18.[189,285,1413,1439]" box="[189,285,1413,1439]" pageId="18" pageNumber="95">
<heading id="D09481DED362803078A0419AFED562B7" bold="true" box="[189,285,1413,1439]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="95" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B917EAA0D362803078A0419AFED562B7" bold="true" box="[189,285,1413,1439]" pageId="18" pageNumber="95">Habitat</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDC36B2D362803078A041ABFB9762E7" blockId="18.[189,1119,1460,1487]" box="[189,1119,1460,1487]" pageId="18" pageNumber="95">
Intertidal, in
<taxonomicName id="4C634D31D3628030794841ABFE1F62E6" authorityName="Delle Chiaje" authorityYear="1841" box="[341,471,1460,1486]" class="Anthozoa" family="Cerianthidae" genus="Cerianthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ceriantharia" pageId="18" pageNumber="95" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B917EAA0D3628030794841ABFE1F62E6" box="[341,471,1460,1486]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="95">Cerianthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
tubes, in rocks with
<taxonomicName id="4C634D31D36280307AD141ABFC5962E6" authorityName="Morch" authorityYear="1863" box="[716,913,1460,1486]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellariidae" genus="Phragmatopoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="18" pageNumber="95" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B917EAA0D36280307AD141ABFC5962E6" box="[716,913,1460,1486]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="95">Phragmatopoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C634D31D36280307BD741ABFB9062E6" authorityName="Olsson" authorityYear="1961" box="[970,1112,1460,1486]" class="Bivalvia" family="Mytilidae" genus="Perumytilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mytiloida" pageId="18" pageNumber="95" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B917EAA0D36280307BD741ABFB9062E6" box="[970,1112,1460,1486]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="95">Perumytilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3796539D362803078A041E2FAAC616E" box="[189,1380,1533,1606]" pageId="18" pageNumber="95" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BDC36B2D362803078A041E2FE9E613F" blockId="18.[189,342,1533,1559]" box="[189,342,1533,1559]" pageId="18" pageNumber="95">
<heading id="D09481DED362803078A041E2FE9E613F" bold="true" box="[189,342,1533,1559]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="95" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B917EAA0D362803078A041E2FE9E613F" bold="true" box="[189,342,1533,1559]" pageId="18" pageNumber="95">Distribution</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDC36B2D362803078A04233FAAC616E" blockId="18.[189,1380,1579,1606]" box="[189,1380,1579,1606]" pageId="18" pageNumber="95">
Laguna Beach, California; Tropical Eastern Pacific from Baja California Sur to Oaxaca; Ancón,
<collectingCountry id="F3747622D36280307D3A4233FAA9616E" box="[1319,1377,1580,1606]" name="Peru" pageId="18" pageNumber="95">Peru</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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