861 lines
88 KiB
XML
861 lines
88 KiB
XML
<document id="41D10DBAC764178920B51F85F3CC77B8" ID-CLB-Dataset="24881" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4699.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c374bffb-02ad-4cfd-ab69-fc74b15c27a8" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3543038" ID-ZooBank="469CF6FE-D2A3-499F-A9AF-E46B68FBAFD8" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1573813341551" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Ruan, Yongying, Yang, Xingke, Konstantinov, Alexander S., Prathapan, Kaniyarikkal D. & Zhang, Mengna" docDate="2019" docId="03CA4D00FFB1BD4DFF73395EFC81541B" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4699.1.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4699 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Chaetocnema (Chaetocnema) confinis Crotch 1873" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="38" masterDocId="FFF33578FF90BD68FFE43813FF805008" masterDocTitle="Revision of the Oriental Chaetocnema species (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae, Alticini)" masterLastPageNumber="206" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="34" updateTime="1698767055221" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="1C3F6E56623B5A5ACA7E6960FCF52305">
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<mods:title id="7991AFF33B8C7625FB2218922AC90FF6">Revision of the Oriental Chaetocnema species (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae, Alticini)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E1468511E7034DF597DE244ACFCAC9D3">Ruan, Yongying</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="43C69C31EF77D72916731584D310392E">Yang, Xingke</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A0971634BF374737DA06FA7B25F43AF5">Konstantinov, Alexander S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2C7141D4FC7DCA98746CD11C2E946DA9">Prathapan, Kaniyarikkal D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="43580CBCDA14992C5FE3B7383925E9DC">Zhang, Mengna</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="6FB3659A0504E3981DCA1BB3563663BA">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="00E864A7BA19EA15FED27FA8EB78909A">
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<mods:date id="C129F9B276B51868743153CEC0687BDE">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="066A0F2EAF3F19AA3A5C70BD25FD3581">2019-11-15</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="19E674553344BBFDE1D4034F90CA0071">4699</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03CA4D00FFB1BD4DFF73395EFC81541B" ID-GBIF-Taxon="160406893" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CA4D00FFB1BD4DFF73395EFC81541B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CA4D00FFB1BD4DFF73395EFC81541B" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
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<subSubSection id="C379AF9DFFB1BD49FF73395EFCAD516F" box="[151,813,333,360]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BDCFC16FFB1BD49FF73395EFCAD516F" blockId="33.[151,1021,333,396]" box="[151,813,333,360]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
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<heading id="D0944B7AFFB1BD49FF73395EFCAD516F" bold="true" box="[151,813,333,360]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B9172004FFB1BD49FF73395EFCAD516F" bold="true" box="[151,813,333,360]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
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5.
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<taxonomicName id="4C638795FFB1BD49FF51395EFCAD516F" authority="Crotch, 1873" authorityName="Crotch" authorityYear="1873" box="[181,813,333,360]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chaetocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="confinis" subGenus="Chaetocnema">
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<emphasis id="B9172004FFB1BD49FF51395EFEDB5160" bold="true" box="[181,347,333,360]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Chaetocnema</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="B9172004FFB1BD49FE88395EFD925160" bold="true" box="[364,530,333,360]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Chaetocnema</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="B9172004FFB1BD49FDC7395EFD05516F" bold="true" box="[547,645,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">confinis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF281E7FFB1BD49FD68395EFCAD516F" author="Crotch, G. R." box="[652,813,333,359]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="19 - 83" refId="ref119715" refString="Crotch, G. R. (1873) Materials for the study of the Phytophaga of the United States. Proceedings of the Academy Philadelphia, 1873, 19 - 83." type="journal article" year="1873">Crotch, 1873</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C379AF9DFFB1BD49FF733962FC7D5184" box="[151,1021,369,396]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BDCFC16FFB1BD49FF733962FC7D5184" blockId="33.[151,1021,333,396]" box="[151,1021,369,396]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
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(
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<figureCitation id="1358E093FFB1BD49FF7B3962FF7D5183" box="[159,253,369,395]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1633,1658]" captionTargetBox="[174,1420,174,1604]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[168,1420,174,1614]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 21. Chaetocnema confinis (specimens from Nearctic Region). A Male habitus. B Pronotum. C Head, frontal view. D Aedeagus, ventral view. E Aedeagus, lateral view. F Apex of aedeagus, dorsal view. G Vaginal palpi. H Spermatheca. I Pygidium (tergite 7) of female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3543084" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3543084/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Figs. 21</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="1358E093FFB1BD49FEED3962FEA85183" box="[265,296,369,395]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="35.[151,250,1637,1662]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,174,1604]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[151,1436,174,1618]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 22. Chaetocnema confinis (specimens from Oriental Region). A Female habitus. B Pronotum. C Head, frontal view. D Vaginal palpi. E Spermatheca. F Pygidium (tergite 7) of female. G Feeding troughs on leaf of Ipomoea batatas." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3543086" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3543086/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">22</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="1358E093FFB1BD49FED73962FED05183" box="[307,336,369,395]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="36.[151,250,1392,1417]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,517,1373]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[151,1431,517,1373]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURE 23. Chaetocnema confinis on host plant (specimens from Oriental Region). A individual on host plant, lateral view. B Host plant: Ipomoea cairica (Convolvulaceae) [the host plant is a well-known invasive plant in China]. C patterns of injuries on leaves of host plant caused by adults. D a photo of collecting location [Guangdong province, Shenzhen, Nei-lingding island, 2018-V-4, N22.4043° \ E113.8024°, 23m]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3543088" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3543088/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">23</figureCitation>
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) (introduced species in Asia, originally from North America)
|
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C379AF9DFFB1BD49FF7339A6FC345203" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BDCFC16FFB1BD49FF7339A6FC5451C5" blockId="33.[151,980,437,523]" box="[151,980,437,462]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB73DB38FFB1BD49FF7339A6FC5451C5" box="[151,980,437,462]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
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<taxonomicName id="4C638795FFB1BD49FF7339A6FDAD51C6" authority="Crotch, 1873: 75" authorityName="Crotch" authorityPageNumber="75" authorityYear="1873" box="[151,557,437,462]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chaetocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="confinis">
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||
<emphasis id="B9172004FFB1BD49FF7339A6FEF951C5" box="[151,377,437,461]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Chaetocnema confinis</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AC2DA07FFB1BD49FE9B39A6FDAD51C6" author="Crotch, G. R." box="[383,557,437,462]" page="75" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" year="1873">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF281E7FFB1BD49FE9B39A6FDAD51C6" author="Crotch, G. R." box="[383,557,437,462]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="19 - 83" refId="ref119715" refString="Crotch, G. R. (1873) Materials for the study of the Phytophaga of the United States. Proceedings of the Academy Philadelphia, 1873, 19 - 83." type="journal article" year="1873">Crotch, 1873: 75</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
. TL:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F374BC86FFB1BD49FD8739A6FD1451C5" box="[611,660,437,461]" name="United States of America" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">USA</collectingCountry>
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(Southern States), TD: MCZC.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDCFC16FFB1BD49FF7339C7FDED51E4" blockId="33.[151,980,437,523]" box="[151,621,468,492]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB73DB38FFB1BD49FF7339C7FDED51E4" box="[151,621,468,492]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
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<taxonomicName id="4C638795FFB1BD49FF7339C7FDE851E4" authority="LeConte, 1878: 418" authorityName="LeConte" authorityPageNumber="418" authorityYear="1878" box="[151,616,468,492]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chaetocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavicornis">
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||
<emphasis id="B9172004FFB1BD49FF7339C7FE1551E4" box="[151,405,468,492]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Chaetocnema flavicornis</emphasis>
|
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<treatmentCitation id="0AC2DA07FFB1BD49FE7839C7FDE851E4" author="LeConte, J. L." box="[412,616,468,492]" page="418" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" year="1878">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF281E7FFB1BD49FE7839C7FDE851E4" author="LeConte, J. L." box="[412,616,468,492]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="373 - 434" refId="ref122229" refString="LeConte, J. L. (1878) Additional descriptions of new species. Proceedings of American Philosophy Society, 17, 373 - 434." type="journal article" year="1878">LeConte, 1878: 418</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDCFC16FFB1BD49FF7339E0FC345203" blockId="33.[151,980,437,523]" box="[151,948,498,523]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB73DB38FFB1BD49FF7339E0FC345203" box="[151,948,498,523]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
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<taxonomicName id="4C638795FFB1BD49FF7339E0FDB95203" authority="Jolivet, 1979: 641" authorityName="Jolivet" authorityPageNumber="641" authorityYear="1979" box="[151,569,498,523]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chaetocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="etiennei">
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<emphasis id="B9172004FFB1BD49FF7339E0FEF95202" box="[151,377,499,523]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Chaetocnema etiennei</emphasis>
|
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<treatmentCitation id="0AC2DA07FFB1BD49FE9B39E1FDB95203" author="Jolivet, P." box="[383,569,498,523]" page="641" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" year="1979">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF281E7FFB1BD49FE9B39E1FDB95203" author="Jolivet, P." box="[383,569,498,523]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="606 - 608" refId="ref121244" refString="Jolivet, P. (1979) Reflexions sur l'ecologie, l'origine et la distribution des chrysomelides (Col.) des iles Mascareignes, Ocean Indien, avec la description de deux especes nouvelles. (Suite). Bulletin Mensuel de la Societe Linneenne de Lyon, 48 (10), 606 - 608 + 641 - 649. https: // doi. org / 10.3406 / linly. 1979.10398" type="journal article" year="1979">Jolivet, 1979: 641</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Synonymized by
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AC2DA07FFB1BD49FD1039E1FC305203" author="Doberl, M." box="[756,944,498,523]" page="509" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" year="2010">
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF281E7FFB1BD49FD1039E1FC305203" author="Doberl, M." box="[756,944,498,523]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="491 - 563" refId="ref119865" refString="Doberl, M. (2010) Alticinae. In: Lobl, I. & Smetana, A. (Eds.), Catalogue of Palearctic Coleoptera. Vol. 6. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, pp. 491 - 563." type="book chapter" year="2010">Döberl, 2010: 509</bibRefCitation>
|
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</treatmentCitation>
|
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.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
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<subSubSection id="C379AF9DFFB1BD49FF733A2BFB39527F" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8BDCFC16FFB1BD49FF733A2BFB39527F" blockId="33.[151,1437,568,1927]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
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<emphasis id="B9172004FFB1BD49FF733A2BFEB3525B" bold="true" box="[151,307,568,595]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Distribution:</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F374BC86FFB1BD49FEDF3A2AFEFE525B" box="[315,382,569,595]" name="China" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">China</collectingCountry>
|
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(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A732F4FFB1BD49FE6A3A2AFE5A525B" box="[398,474,569,595]" country="China" name="Fujian" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Fujian</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A732F4FFB1BD49FE033A2AFDBE525B" box="[487,574,569,595]" country="China" name="Jiangsu" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Jiangsu</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A732F4FFB1BD49FDAE3A2AFD2D525B" box="[586,685,569,595]" country="China" name="Guangxi" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Guangxi</collectingRegion>
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||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A732F4FFB1BD49FD5E3A2AFCC0525B" box="[698,832,569,595]" country="China" name="Guangdong" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Guangdong</collectingRegion>
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||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A732F4FFB1BD49FCA83A2AFC2B525C" box="[844,939,569,596]" country="China" name="Taiwan)" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Taiwan)</collectingRegion>
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||
;
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||
<collectingCountry id="F374BC86FFB1BD49FC533A2AFC77525B" box="[951,1015,569,595]" name="Japan" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Japan</collectingCountry>
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||
(Ryukyu island),
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||
<collectingCountry id="F374BC86FFB1BD49FB203A2AFAAA525B" box="[1220,1322,569,595]" name="Thailand" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Thailand</collectingCountry>
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||
,
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||
<collectingCountry id="F374BC86FFB1BD49FAD23A2AFA18525B" box="[1334,1432,569,595]" name="Vietnam" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
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||
,
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||
<collectingCountry id="F374BC86FFB1BD49FF733A4EFF53527F" box="[151,211,605,631]" name="India" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
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||
<collectingCountry id="F374BC86FFB1BD49FF3B3A4EFEE1527F" box="[223,353,605,631]" name="Philippines" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Philippines</collectingCountry>
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||
; Australian region; Nearctic region; Neotropical region; Afrotropical region.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C379AF9DFFB1BD49FF233A92FDB555BB" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDCFC16FFB1BD49FF233A92FEB95323" blockId="33.[151,1437,568,1927]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9172004FFB1BD49FF233A92FEDB5293" bold="true" box="[199,347,641,667]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Host plants:</emphasis>
|
||
Members of Convolvuaceae are the host plants of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C638795FFB1BD49FC483A92FBA85293" box="[940,1064,641,667]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chaetocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="confinis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9172004FFB1BD49FC483A92FBA85293" box="[940,1064,641,667]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">C. confinis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, commonly known as the sweet potato flea beetle. This is an economically important, invasive pest of sweet potato
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C638795FFB1BD49FBDA3AB5FB7952B7" box="[1086,1273,677,703]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Convolvulaceae" genus="Ipomoea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="batatas">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9172004FFB1BD49FBDA3AB5FB7952B7" box="[1086,1273,677,703]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Ipomoea batatas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF281E7FFB1BD49FAEC3AB6FA1752B7" author="White, R. E." box="[1288,1431,677,703]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" refId="ref124700" refString="White, R. E. (1983) A field guide to the beetles of north America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, 368 pp." type="book" year="1983">White, 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF281E7FFB1BD49FF733ADAFF5052EC" author="White, R. E." box="[151,208,713,740]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="1 - 158" refId="ref124728" refString="White, R. E. (1996) A revision of the genus Chaetocnema of America north of Mexico (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Contributions of the American Entomological Institute, 29, 1 - 158." type="journal article" year="1996">1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C638795FFB1BD49FEF43AD9FE0A52EB" box="[272,394,714,739]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Convolvulaceae" genus="Ipomoea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aquatica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9172004FFB1BD49FEF43AD9FE0A52EB" box="[272,394,714,739]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">I. aquatica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a popular vegetable in Asia. In its native North America,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C638795FFB1BD49FBFB3ADAFB1952EB" box="[1055,1177,713,739]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chaetocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="confinis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9172004FFB1BD49FBFB3ADAFB1952EB" box="[1055,1177,713,739]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">C. confinis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has also been reported on a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C638795FFB1BD49FF2B3AFEFEE8530F" box="[207,360,749,775]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" rank="variety" variety="plants">variety plants</taxonomicName>
|
||
across families (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF281E7FFB1BD49FDC33AFEFD5C530F" author="Blatchley, W. S." box="[551,732,749,775]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="39 - 46" refId="ref119057" refString="Blatchley, W. S. (1924) The Chrysomelidae of Florida. Florida Entomologist, 8, 39 - 46. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3492113" type="journal article" year="1924">Blatchley, 1924</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF281E7FFB1BD49FD0C3AFEFC0B530F" author="Hallock, H. C." box="[744,907,749,775]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="121 - 124" refId="ref120576" refString="Hallock, H. C. (1939) Notes on Pennsylvania flea beetles in tobacco fields (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Entomological News, 50, 121 - 124." type="journal article" year="1939">Hallock, 1939</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF281E7FFB1BD49FC443AFEFB46530F" author="Kalaichelvan, T. & Jolivet, P. & Verma, K. K. & Douget, S." box="[928,1222,749,775]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="241 - 243" refId="ref121455" refString="Kalaichelvan, T., Jolivet, P., Verma, K. K. & Douget, S. (2001) Chaetocnema confinis Crotch in India (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Alticinae). Nouvelle Revue d'Entomologie, New Series, 18, 241 - 243." type="journal article" year="2001">
|
||
Kalaichelvan
|
||
<emphasis id="B9172004FFB1BD49FBDF3AFDFBED530F" box="[1083,1133,749,775]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2001)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported its occurrence in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F374BC86FFB1BD49FF1C3B02FEB55323" box="[248,309,785,811]" name="India" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDCFC16FFB1BD49FF233B26FD7953B3" blockId="33.[151,1437,568,1927]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
We find that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C638795FFB1BD49FE803B26FD395347" authority="Crotch" authorityName="Crotch" box="[356,697,821,847]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chaetocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="confinis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9172004FFB1BD49FE803B26FDE25347" box="[356,610,821,847]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Chaetocnema confinis</emphasis>
|
||
Crotch
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
feed on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C638795FFB1BD49FCC23B25FC625347" box="[806,994,822,847]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Convolvulaceae" genus="Ipomoea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cairica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9172004FFB1BD49FCC23B25FC625347" box="[806,994,822,847]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Ipomoea cairica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(L.) Sweet in Shenzhen,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A732F4FFB1BD49FAF73B26FA195347" box="[1299,1433,821,847]" country="China" name="Guangdong" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Guangdong</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F374BC86FFB1BD49FF733B4AFF5E537B" box="[151,222,857,883]" name="China" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The phenomenon can be frequently seen in the field, city parks and gardens in Shenzhen. Currently,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C638795FFB1BD49FADE3B49FF66539F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Convolvulaceae" genus="Ipomoea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cairica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9172004FFB1BD49FADE3B49FF66539F" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Ipomoea cairica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is considered as an introduced plant species or noxious weed to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F374BC86FFB1BD49FC233B6EFB8A539F" box="[967,1034,893,919]" name="China" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
and many other contries across the world, it cause harm to other plants in southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F374BC86FFB1BD49FD4A3BB2FD7553B3" box="[686,757,929,955]" name="China" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDCFC16FFB1BD49FF233BD6FF63540B" blockId="33.[151,1437,568,1927]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9172004FFB1BD49FF233BD6FE2F53D7" bold="true" box="[199,431,965,991]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A732F4FFB1BD49FF233BD6FF7F53D7" box="[199,255,965,991]" country="Afghanistan" name="Khost" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Host</collectingRegion>
|
||
plant records:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF281E7FFB1BD49FE523BD6FD2253D7" author="Blatchley, W. S." box="[438,674,965,991]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="39 - 46" refId="ref119057" refString="Blatchley, W. S. (1924) The Chrysomelidae of Florida. Florida Entomologist, 8, 39 - 46. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3492113" type="journal article" year="1924">Blatchley (1924: 39)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: soy–beans, basswood, wild cherry, buckeye, velvet beans, oak, and maple.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDCFC16FFB1BD49FF233C1EFE685443" blockId="33.[151,1437,568,1927]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF281E7FFB1BD49FF233C1EFE32542F" author="Hallock, H. C." box="[199,434,1037,1063]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="121 - 124" refId="ref120576" refString="Hallock, H. C. (1939) Notes on Pennsylvania flea beetles in tobacco fields (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Entomological News, 50, 121 - 124." type="journal article" year="1939">Hallock (1939: 122)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: tobacco, potato, tomato, morning glory, Indian mallow, sweet potato, wheat, rape, artichoke, pigweed, and burdock.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDCFC16FFB1BD49FF233C46FC2F552B" blockId="33.[151,1437,568,1927]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF281E7FFB1BD49FF233C46FEE25478" author="White, R. E." box="[199,354,1109,1136]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="1 - 158" refId="ref124728" refString="White, R. E. (1996) A revision of the genus Chaetocnema of America north of Mexico (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Contributions of the American Entomological Institute, 29, 1 - 158." type="journal article" year="1996">White (1996)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: sweet potato; cultivated morning glory; on corn; on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C638795FFB1BD49FC573C46FB235467" box="[947,1187,1109,1135]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Convolvulaceae" genus="Convolvulus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arvensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9172004FFB1BD49FC573C46FB235467" box="[947,1187,1109,1135]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Convolvulus arvensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C638795FFB1BD49FB563C46FA145467" box="[1202,1428,1109,1135]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Convolvulaceae" genus="Convolvulus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sepium">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9172004FFB1BD49FB563C46FA145467" box="[1202,1428,1109,1135]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Convolvulus sepium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; on cotton; on fruit of grapes; on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C638795FFB1BD49FDE03C6AFD66549B" authorityName="Choisy" authorityYear="1845" baseAuthorityName="Poir." box="[516,742,1145,1171]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Convolvulaceae" genus="Pharbitis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cathartica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9172004FFB1BD49FDE03C6AFD66549B" box="[516,742,1145,1171]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Pharbitis cathartica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; accidental on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C638795FFB1BD49FC753C6AFC73549B" box="[913,1011,1145,1171]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Hibiscus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9172004FFB1BD49FC753C6AFC73549B" box="[913,1011,1145,1171]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Hibiscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; peach foliage; pokeroot in tob. field; on nightshade leaves; orchard grass; on
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F374BC86FFB1BD49FD863C8EFD3C54BF" box="[610,700,1181,1207]" name="Norway" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Norway</collectingCountry>
|
||
maple; on tobacco; swept from alfalfa; on strawberry; on turnip leaves; on bean foliage;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C638795FFB1BD49FE483CD1FDFD54D3" authorityName="Marsh" authorityYear="1785" box="[428,637,1218,1243]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Prunus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="americana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9172004FFB1BD49FE483CD1FDFD54D3" box="[428,637,1218,1243]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Prunus americana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; apple; from B. blue stem; from L. blue stem; on tomato; on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C638795FFB1BD49FADE3CD2FA1454D3" box="[1338,1428,1217,1243]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Catalpa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9172004FFB1BD49FADE3CD2FA1454D3" box="[1338,1428,1217,1243]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Catalpa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C638795FFB1BD49FF733CF5FF7954F7" box="[151,249,1254,1279]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Convolvulaceae" genus="Ipomoea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9172004FFB1BD49FF733CF5FF7954F7" box="[151,249,1254,1279]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Ipomoea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C638795FFB1BD49FECA3CF5FE6954F7" box="[302,489,1253,1279]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Convolvulaceae" genus="Ipomoea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="batatas">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9172004FFB1BD49FECA3CF5FE6954F7" box="[302,489,1253,1279]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Ipomoea batatas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; on lima bean; on flowers of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C638795FFB1BD49FCD63CF5FC7E54F7" box="[818,1022,1254,1279]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Prunus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="virginiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9172004FFB1BD49FCD63CF5FC7E54F7" box="[818,1022,1254,1279]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Prunus virginiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; on foliage of white ash; flowers and foliage of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C638795FFB1BD49FEEE3D1AFD83552B" box="[266,515,1289,1315]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Adoxaceae" genus="Viburnum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="prunifolium">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9172004FFB1BD49FEEE3D1AFD83552B" box="[266,515,1289,1315]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Viburnum prunifolium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; night sweeps in resaca;
|
||
<emphasis id="B9172004FFB1BD49FCF83D1AFC28552B" box="[796,936,1289,1315]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Convulvulus</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDCFC16FFB1BD49FF233D3EFF455563" blockId="33.[151,1437,568,1927]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF281E7FFB1BD49FF233D3EFDB2554F" author="Kalaichelvan, T. & Verma, K. K." box="[199,562,1324,1351]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="1838 - 1842" refId="ref121403" refString="Kalaichelvan, T. & Verma, K. K. (2005) Checklist of leaf beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) of Bhilai-Durg. Zoo's Print Journal, 20, 1838 - 1842. https: // doi. org / 10.11609 / JoTT. ZPJ. 1114.1838 - 42" type="journal article" year="2005">Kalaichelvan and Verma (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C638795FFB1BD49FDDA3D3DFC8A554F" box="[574,778,1326,1351]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Convolvulaceae" genus="Ipomoea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aquatica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9172004FFB1BD49FDDA3D3DFC8A554F" box="[574,778,1326,1351]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Ipomoea aquatica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C638795FFB1BD49FCFE3D3DFC04554F" box="[794,900,1325,1351]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Convolvulaceae" genus="Ipomoea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="batatas">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9172004FFB1BD49FCFE3D3DFC04554F" box="[794,900,1325,1351]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">I. batatas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C638795FFB1BD49FC773D3DFB13554F" box="[915,1171,1325,1351]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Convolvulaceae" genus="Ipomoea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="carnea" subSpecies="fistulosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9172004FFB1BD49FC773D3DFC7A554F" box="[915,1018,1326,1351]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">I. carnea</emphasis>
|
||
ssp.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9172004FFB1BD49FBD03D3EFB13554F" box="[1076,1171,1325,1351]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">fistulosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C638795FFB1BD49FB463D3DFA8A554F" box="[1186,1290,1326,1351]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Convolvulaceae" genus="Ipomoea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cairica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9172004FFB1BD49FB463D3DFA8A554F" box="[1186,1290,1326,1351]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">I. cairica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C638795FFB1BD49FAA73D3DFF3E5563" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Convolvulaceae" genus="Ipomoea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="violacea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9172004FFB1BD49FAA73D3DFF3E5563" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">I. violacea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDCFC16FFB1BD49FF233D66FDB555BB" blockId="33.[151,1437,568,1927]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF281E7FFB1BD49FF233D66FD8C5587" author="Prathapan, K. D. & Balan, A. P." box="[199,524,1397,1423]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="272 - 273" refId="ref123501" refString="Prathapan, K. D. & Balan, A. P. (2010) Report of the Occurrence of the Sweet potato flea beetle Chaetocnema confinis Crotch (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in Southern India. Journal of Root Crops, 36 (2), 272 - 273." type="journal article" year="2010">Prathapan and Balan (2010)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="B9172004FFB1BD49FDFE3D65FCC85587" box="[538,840,1397,1423]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C638795FFB1BD49FDFE3D65FD085587" box="[538,648,1397,1423]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Convolvulaceae" genus="Ipomoea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="batatas">I. batatas</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C638795FFB1BD49FD723D65FC825587" box="[662,770,1398,1423]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Convolvulaceae" genus="Ipomoea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cairica">I. cairica</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C638795FFB1BD49FCF43D65FCC85587" box="[784,840,1397,1423]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Convolvulaceae" genus="Ipomoea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nil">I. nil</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C638795FFB1BD49FCBC3D65FC4C5587" box="[856,972,1397,1423]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Convolvulaceae" genus="Ipomoea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="obscura">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9172004FFB1BD49FCBC3D65FC4C5587" box="[856,972,1397,1423]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">I. obscura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C638795FFB1BD49FC393D65FBF35587" box="[989,1139,1398,1423]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Convolvulaceae" genus="Ipomoea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pes-caprae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9172004FFB1BD49FC393D65FBF35587" box="[989,1139,1398,1423]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">I. pes-caprae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C638795FFB1BD49FB603D65FA9D5587" box="[1156,1309,1397,1423]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Convolvulaceae" genus="Ipomoea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pes-tigridis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9172004FFB1BD49FB603D65FA9D5587" box="[1156,1309,1397,1423]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">I. pes-tigridis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C638795FFB1BD49FACA3D65FA155587" box="[1326,1429,1397,1423]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Convolvulaceae" genus="Ipomoea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pileata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9172004FFB1BD49FACA3D65FA155587" box="[1326,1429,1397,1423]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">I. pileata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C638795FFB1BD49FF733D89FEFB55BB" box="[151,379,1433,1459]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Convolvulaceae" genus="Merremia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tridentata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9172004FFB1BD49FF733D89FEFB55BB" box="[151,379,1433,1459]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Merremia tridentata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C638795FFB1BD49FE563D89FDAE55BB" box="[434,558,1433,1459]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Convolvulaceae" genus="Merremia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vitifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9172004FFB1BD49FE563D89FDAE55BB" box="[434,558,1433,1459]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">M. vitifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C379AF9DFFB1BD4CFF233DAFFCF356A1" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDCFC16FFB1BD49FF233DAFFBB8566F" blockId="33.[151,1437,568,1927]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9172004FFB1BD49FF233DAFFEDB55DF" bold="true" box="[199,347,1468,1495]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Description:</emphasis>
|
||
Body length:
|
||
<quantity id="4C9B51F3FFB1BD49FE183DAFFD1B55DF" box="[508,667,1468,1495]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="1.6" valueMax="1.7" valueMin="1.5">1.50-1.70 mm</quantity>
|
||
(size of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A732F4FFB1BD49FD1A3DAEFCDA55DF" box="[766,858,1469,1495]" country="Saudi Arabia" name="Ash Sharqiyah" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Oriental</collectingRegion>
|
||
specimens. North American specimens are slightly larger). Body width: 0.80–1.00 mm (measured on
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A732F4FFB1BD49FD273DF2FC9F55F3" box="[707,799,1505,1531]" country="Saudi Arabia" name="Ash Sharqiyah" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Oriental</collectingRegion>
|
||
specimens). Ratio of length of antenna to length of body: 0.64–0.65. Ratio of elytron length (along suture) to width (maximum): 2.00–2.20. Ratio of pronotum width (at base) to length: 1.70–1.75. Ratio of length of elytron to length of pronotum (along middle): 2.70–2.80. Ratio of width of elytra at base (in middle of humeral calli) to width of pronotum at base: 1.02–1.10.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDCFC16FFB1BD49FF233E62FCE756A7" blockId="33.[151,1437,568,1927]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Dorsum bronzy. Dorsum, head finely reticulated. Antenna completely yellow brown. Tibiae, profemora and mesofemora light brown. Metafemora dark brown. Tarsi yellow.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDCFC16FFB1BD49FF2A3EAAFE3B578F" blockId="33.[151,1437,568,1927]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Head hypognathous. Frontal ridge narrow and convex. Frontolateral sulcus present. Suprafrontal sulcus poorly developed. Orbital sulcus deep. Ratio of width of frontal ridge (excluding margin) to width of antennal socket (excluding margin): 1.40–1.45. Number of punctures on vertex: 5–6 on each side near eye. Number of punctures on orbit: 0–2 on each side. Number of punctures on frons (triangular area surrounded by frontolateral sulcus and clypeus): 0. Number of setae on clypeus: approximately 20. Number of setae on labrum: 6. Anterior margin of labrum slightly convex at middle.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF1CAC9EFFB2BD4AFF733E72FE3756CA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3543084" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3543084" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3543084/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" startId="34.[151,250,1633,1658]" targetBox="[174,1420,174,1604]" targetPageId="34">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDCFC16FFB2BD4AFF733E72FE3756CA" blockId="34.[151,1437,1633,1730]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9172004FFB2BD4AFF733E72FC235672" bold="true" box="[151,931,1633,1658]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
FIGURE 21.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C638795FFB2BD4AFEC23E72FD905672" box="[294,528,1633,1658]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chaetocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="confinis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9172004FFB2BD4AFEC23E72FD905672" bold="true" box="[294,528,1633,1658]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Chaetocnema confinis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(specimens from Nearctic Region). A
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Male habitus.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9172004FFB2BD4AFBDE3E71FBCB5672" bold="true" box="[1082,1099,1634,1658]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">B</emphasis>
|
||
Pronotum.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9172004FFB2BD4AFB263E72FB545672" bold="true" box="[1218,1236,1633,1658]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">C</emphasis>
|
||
Head, frontal view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9172004FFB2BD4AFF733E95FF295696" bold="true" box="[151,169,1670,1694]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">D</emphasis>
|
||
Aedeagus, ventral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9172004FFB2BD4AFE4E3E95FE3B5696" bold="true" box="[426,443,1670,1694]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">E</emphasis>
|
||
Aedeagus, lateral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9172004FFB2BD4AFD513E95FD445696" bold="true" box="[693,708,1670,1694]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">F</emphasis>
|
||
Apex of aedeagus, dorsal view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9172004FFB2BD4AFBEB3E96FBA35696" bold="true" box="[1039,1059,1669,1694]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">G</emphasis>
|
||
Vaginal palpi.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9172004FFB2BD4AFB5A3E95FB525696" bold="true" box="[1214,1234,1670,1694]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">H</emphasis>
|
||
Spermatheca.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9172004FFB2BD4AFA8C3E95FAF25696" bold="true" box="[1384,1394,1670,1694]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">I</emphasis>
|
||
Pygidium (tergite 7) of female.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDCFC16FFB2BD4AFF233F07FC605792" blockId="34.[151,1437,1812,2018]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Pronotum without longitudinal impressions near basal margin. Deep row of large punctures at base of pronotum absent. Pronotal base evenly convex. Lateral margins of pronotum slightly convex, converging forward. Anterolateral prothoracic callosity truncate, oblique and long. Posterolateral prothoracic callosity poorly developed. Diameter of pronotal punctures 2 to 4 times smaller than distance between them.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDCFC16FFB2BD4AFF233FB7FF4C57EA" blockId="34.[151,1437,1812,2018]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Excavation on metatibia moderately deep. Large lateral denticle on metatibia sharp. Metatibial serration obtuse.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF1CAC9EFFB3BD4BFF733E76FAD556A9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3543086" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3543086" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3543086/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" startId="35.[151,250,1637,1662]" targetBox="[151,1436,174,1604]" targetPageId="35">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDCFC16FFB3BD4BFF733E76FAD556A9" blockId="35.[151,1437,1637,1698]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9172004FFB3BD4BFF733E76FC375676" bold="true" box="[151,951,1637,1662]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
FIGURE 22.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C638795FFB3BD4BFECF3E76FD985676" box="[299,536,1637,1662]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chaetocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="confinis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9172004FFB3BD4BFECF3E76FD985676" bold="true" box="[299,536,1637,1662]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Chaetocnema confinis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(specimens from Oriental Region). A
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Female habitus.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9172004FFB3BD4BFB883E75FBFD5676" bold="true" box="[1132,1149,1638,1662]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">B</emphasis>
|
||
Pronotum.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9172004FFB3BD4BFB1D3E76FA8B5676" bold="true" box="[1273,1291,1637,1662]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">C</emphasis>
|
||
Head, frontal view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9172004FFB3BD4BFF373E99FF6556AA" bold="true" box="[211,229,1674,1698]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">D</emphasis>
|
||
Vaginal palpi.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9172004FFB3BD4BFE9B3E99FE1056AA" bold="true" box="[383,400,1674,1698]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">E</emphasis>
|
||
Spermatheca.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9172004FFB3BD4BFDC23E99FDB556AA" bold="true" box="[550,565,1674,1698]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">F</emphasis>
|
||
Pygidium (tergite 7) of female. G Feeding troughs on leaf of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C638795FFB3BD4BFB413E99FACF56AA" box="[1189,1359,1674,1698]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Convolvulaceae" genus="Ipomoea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="batatas">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9172004FFB3BD4BFB413E99FACF56AA" box="[1189,1359,1674,1698]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Ipomoea batatas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDCFC16FFB3BD4BFF233EE7FA83575E" blockId="35.[151,1437,1780,2022]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Elytra with slightly convex lateral sides. Elytral punctures larger than those on pronotum. Punctures on elytra arranged in regular rows, including peri-scutellar row. Interspaces between striae of punctures smooth and glabrous. Number of rows of minute punctures on each interspace: 1–2. Elytral humeral callus well developed.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDCFC16FFB3BD4BFF233F73FDAF57CA" blockId="35.[151,1437,1780,2022]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">First male protarsomere slightly larger than second, not distinctly larger than that of female. Excavation on metatibia moderately deep. Large lateral denticle on metatibia obtuse. Metatibial serration proximal to large lateral denticle absent or poorly developed.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDCFC16FFB3BD4CFF233FDFFEE650F3" blockId="35.[151,1437,1780,2022]" lastBlockId="36.[151,1437,153,503]" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Apex of aedeagus in ventral view narrowing gradually with obscure polygonal markings laterally. Ventral lon- gitudinal groove absent. Apical denticle absent in ventral view. Minute transverse wrinkles absent on ventral side. Aedeagus in lateral view unevenly curved, somewhat sinusoidal near apex. Maximum curvature in lateral view situated at middle.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDCFC16FFB4BD4CFF233916FF745183" blockId="36.[151,1437,153,503]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Spermatheca with receptacle globose. Spermathecal duct curved. Spermathecal pump much shorter than receptacle, with rounded apex. Apex of vaginal palpus subtriangular. Anterior end of anterior sclerotization broadly rounded. Vaginal palpus parallel-sided. Posterior sclerotization longer than wide. Posterior sclerotization wider than anterior.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDCFC16FFB4BD4CFF233986FE4951FF" blockId="36.[151,1437,153,503]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Last visible abdominal tergite of female with a longitudinal groove in middle. Two rows of punctures present in longitudinal groove. Last visible abdominal tergite of female fully covered with distant punctures, punctures closer to each other in apical half.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF1CAC9EFFB4BD4CFF733D63FD4455FD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3543088" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3543088" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3543088/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" startId="36.[151,250,1392,1417]" targetBox="[151,1431,517,1373]" targetPageId="36">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDCFC16FFB4BD4CFF733D63FD4455FD" blockId="36.[151,1436,1392,1525]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9172004FFB4BD4CFF733D63FBCE5581" bold="true" box="[151,1102,1392,1417]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
FIGURE 23.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C638795FFB4BD4CFECF3D63FD975581" box="[299,535,1392,1417]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chaetocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="confinis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9172004FFB4BD4CFECF3D63FD975581" bold="true" box="[299,535,1392,1417]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Chaetocnema confinis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on host plant (specimens from Oriental Region). A
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
individual on host plant, lateral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9172004FFB4BD4CFF303D86FF6555A5" bold="true" box="[212,229,1429,1453]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">B</emphasis>
|
||
Host plant:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C638795FFB4BD4CFE803D85FD4855A5" box="[356,712,1428,1453]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Convolvulaceae" genus="Ipomoea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cairica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9172004FFB4BD4CFE803D85FD8C55A5" box="[356,524,1430,1453]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Ipomoea cairica</emphasis>
|
||
(Convolvulaceae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[the host plant is a well-known invasive plant in China].
|
||
<emphasis id="B9172004FFB4BD4CFAF23D87FAA855A5" bold="true" box="[1302,1320,1428,1453]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">C</emphasis>
|
||
patterns of injuries on leaves of host plant caused by adults.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9172004FFB4BD4CFD773DAAFD2555D9" bold="true" box="[659,677,1465,1489]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">D</emphasis>
|
||
a photo of collecting location [Guangdong province, Shenzhen, Nei-lingding island, 2018-V-4, N22.4043° \ E113.8024°, 23m].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDCFC16FFB4BD4CFF233E54FCF356A1" blockId="36.[151,1437,1607,2030]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9172004FFB4BD4CFF233E54FE965669" bold="true" box="[199,278,1607,1633]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Types:</emphasis>
|
||
Photos of
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D842B4FFB4BD4CFE6E3E54FE725669" box="[394,498,1607,1633]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
examined:
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D65379FFFB4BD4CFD953E54FD145669" box="[625,660,1607,1633]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D842B4FFB4BD4CFD453E54FC8D566A" box="[673,781,1607,1634]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
) (MCZC), 1) orange disc = Southern States; 2)
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A732F4FFB4BD4CFAFD3E54FACC5669" box="[1305,1356,1607,1633]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Gulf" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Gulf</collectingRegion>
|
||
States; 3) Va., N.C., S.C., eastern Tenn.?, Ga., Ala., Miss., Fla., Ark.?, La.; 4) J. L. LeConte Coll.; 5) Type 5007; 6)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C638795FFB4BD4CFAA03E78FF6756A1" authority="Crotch" authorityName="Crotch" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chaetocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="confinis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9172004FFB4BD4CFAA03E78FA1D568D" box="[1348,1437,1643,1669]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">confinis</emphasis>
|
||
Crotch
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 7)
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D842B4FFB4BD4CFEF53E83FE0156A2" box="[273,385,1680,1706]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C638795FFB4BD4CFE633E9CFD2A56A1" authority="Cr." authorityName="Cr." box="[391,682,1679,1705]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chaetocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="confinis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9172004FFB4BD4CFE633E9CFD0156A1" box="[391,641,1679,1705]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Chaetocnema confinis</emphasis>
|
||
Cr.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by R. White '96".
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C379AF9DFFB4BD4DFF233EA1FF7752A3" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDCFC16FFB4BD4DFF233EA1FBBA5183" blockId="36.[151,1437,1607,2030]" lastBlockId="37.[151,1437,153,1043]" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9172004FFB4BD4CFF233EA1FEB956C5" bold="true" box="[199,313,1714,1741]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Material:</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D65379FFFB4BD4CFEA53EA0FEE456C5" box="[321,356,1715,1741]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED7264D3FFB4BD4CFE903EA0FE4A56C5" box="[372,458,1715,1741]" country="China" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/crjh-4ne1" name="Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">IZCAS</collectionCode>
|
||
),
|
||
<emphasis id="B9172004FFB4BD4CFE3B3EA1FDA856C5" bold="true" box="[479,552,1714,1741]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F374BC86FFB4BD4CFE3B3EA1FDA856C5" box="[479,552,1714,1741]" name="China" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A732F4FFB4BD4CFDD33EA0FD1A56C5" box="[567,666,1715,1741]" country="China" name="Guangxi" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Guangxi</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Longzhou, Nonggang,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9B51F3FFB4BD4CFC4F3EA0FC6D56C5" box="[939,1005,1715,1741]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="m" value="330.0">330m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFDDDAD6FFB4BD4CFC1E3EA0FBFC56C5" box="[1018,1148,1715,1741]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="2000-06-16">2000.VI.16</date>
|
||
, Jian Yao, IZCAS,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C638795FFB4BD4CFABC3EA0FE7756F9" authority="Crotch., 1873" authorityName="Crotch." authorityYear="1873" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chaetocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="confinis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9172004FFB4BD4CFABC3EA0FED556F9" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Chaetocnema confinis</emphasis>
|
||
Crotch., 1873
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Det. Yongying Ruan, 2016;
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D65379FFFB4BD4CFCDD3EC5FCDC56F9" box="[825,860,1750,1777]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="female">5♀</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED7264D3FFB4BD4CFC8E3EC4FC4056F9" box="[874,960,1751,1777]" country="China" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/crjh-4ne1" name="Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">IZCAS</collectionCode>
|
||
),
|
||
<emphasis id="B9172004FFB4BD4CFC373EC5FB9C56F9" bold="true" box="[979,1052,1750,1777]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F374BC86FFB4BD4CFC373EC5FB9C56F9" box="[979,1052,1750,1777]" name="China" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A732F4FFB4BD4CFBCE3EC4FBF556F9" box="[1066,1141,1751,1777]" country="China" name="Fujian" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fujian</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Yongtai, 1997, leg. Bangkan Huang,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9172004FFB4BD4CFEC03EE8FE2D571D" bold="true" box="[292,429,1787,1813]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Host plant:</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C638795FFB4BD4CFE523EEFFD04571D" box="[438,644,1788,1813]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Convolvulaceae" genus="Ipomoea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aquatica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9172004FFB4BD4CFE523EEFFD04571D" box="[438,644,1788,1813]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Ipomoea aquatica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C638795FFB4BD4CFD703EEFFCD2571D" box="[660,850,1787,1813]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Convolvulaceae" genus="Ipomoea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="batatas">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9172004FFB4BD4CFD703EEFFCD2571D" box="[660,850,1787,1813]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Ipomoea batatas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D65379FFFB4BD4CFC873EE8FC06571D" box="[867,902,1787,1813]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="female">4♀</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED7264D3FFB4BD4CFC7C3EE8FC6E571D" box="[920,1006,1787,1813]" country="China" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/crjh-4ne1" name="Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">IZCAS</collectionCode>
|
||
),
|
||
<emphasis id="B9172004FFB4BD4CFBE03EE9FBCD571D" bold="true" box="[1028,1101,1786,1813]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F374BC86FFB4BD4CFBE03EE9FBCD571D" box="[1028,1101,1786,1813]" name="China" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A732F4FFB4BD4CFBB93EE8FB28571D" box="[1117,1192,1787,1813]" country="China" name="Fujian" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fujian</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Yongtai, 1990,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9172004FFB4BD4CFA803EE8FF5F5731" bold="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Host plant:</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C638795FFB4BD4CFF023F33FE315731" box="[230,433,1824,1849]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Convolvulaceae" genus="Ipomoea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aquatica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9172004FFB4BD4CFF023F33FE315731" box="[230,433,1824,1849]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Ipomoea aquatica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D65379FFFB4BD4CFE243F0CFE715731" box="[448,497,1823,1849]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="female">16♀</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED7264D3FFB4BD4CFDE43F0CFDDA5731" box="[512,602,1823,1849]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F374BC86FFB4BD4CFD893F0CFD3F5731" box="[621,703,1823,1849]" name="Taiwan" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9172004FFB4BD4CFD223F0DFCA25731" bold="true" box="[710,802,1822,1849]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F374BC86FFB4BD4CFD2A3F0DFC9A5731" box="[718,794,1822,1849]" name="China" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, Sanhsia, Nantou Hsia,
|
||
<date id="FFDDDAD6FFB4BD4CFBD53F0CFB385731" box="[1073,1208,1822,1850]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="1995-10-13">13. X. 1995</date>
|
||
, Ex
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C638795FFB4BD4CFB0E3F33FEC35755" authority=", L. Y. Chou" authorityName="L. Y. Chou" genus="Ipomoca" kingdom="Plantae" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" rank="species" species="aquatica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9172004FFB4BD4CFB0E3F33FF395755" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Ipomoca aquatica</emphasis>
|
||
, L. Y. Chou
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
leg., Pres. by Int. Inst. Ent., BMNH (E) 1997–202;
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D65379FFFB4BD4CFC6A3F50FC315755" box="[910,945,1859,1885]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="female">9♀</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED7264D3FFB4BD4CFC243F50FB855755" box="[960,1029,1859,1885]" country="Taiwan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a13e-ta1z" name="Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">TARI</collectionCode>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F374BC86FFB4BD4CFBFC3F50FBEA5755" box="[1048,1130,1859,1885]" name="Taiwan" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9172004FFB4BD4CFB963F51FB4E5755" bold="true" box="[1138,1230,1858,1885]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F374BC86FFB4BD4CFB9E3F51FB465755" box="[1146,1222,1858,1885]" name="China" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, Chiayi (#28668), Agri. Res. Inst.,
|
||
<date id="FFDDDAD6FFB4BD4CFEBD3F74FE515789" box="[345,465,1895,1921]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="2017-02-06">06.II.2017</date>
|
||
, Leg. Y.-P. Liang;
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D65379FFFB4BD4CFD493F74FD5E5789" box="[685,734,1895,1921]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="female">13♀</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED7264D3FFB4BD4CFD143F74FCC65789" box="[752,838,1895,1921]" country="China" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/crjh-4ne1" name="Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">IZCAS</collectionCode>
|
||
),
|
||
<emphasis id="B9172004FFB4BD4CFCB93F75FC265789" bold="true" box="[861,934,1894,1921]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F374BC86FFB4BD4CFCB93F75FC265789" box="[861,934,1894,1921]" name="China" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A732F4FFB4BD4CFC533F74FB295789" box="[951,1193,1895,1921]" country="China" name="Guangdong" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Guangdong province</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Shenzhen, Nei-lingding Is., Leg. Ruan,
|
||
<date id="FFDDDAD6FFB4BD4CFE9A3F98FE6B57AD" box="[382,491,1931,1957]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="2018-05-04">2018-V-4</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE579AD1FFB4BD4CFE133F98FDF157AD" box="[503,625,1931,1957]" degrees="22.4043" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" precision="5" value="22.4043">N22.4043°</geoCoordinate>
|
||
\
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE579AD1FFB4BD4CFD6C3F98FC8F57AD" box="[648,783,1931,1957]" degrees="113.8024" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" precision="5" value="113.8024">E113.8024°</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9B51F3FFB4BD4CFCFF3F98FCCF57AD" box="[795,847,1931,1957]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="m" value="23.0">23m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9172004FFB4BD4CFCBF3F98FC5C57AD" bold="true" box="[859,988,1931,1957]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">host plant:</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C638795FFB4BD4CFC073F9FFAEF57AE" box="[995,1391,1931,1958]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Convolvulaceae" genus="Ipomoea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cairica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9172004FFB4BD4CFC073F9FFB1C57AD" box="[995,1180,1932,1957]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Ipomoea cairica</emphasis>
|
||
(Convolvulaceae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D65379FFFB4BD4CFA9D3F98FA1C57AD" box="[1401,1436,1931,1957]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED7264D3FFB4BD4CFF7B3FBCFF7957C1" box="[159,249,1967,1993]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
),
|
||
<emphasis id="B9172004FFB4BD4CFEE83FBDFEF957C1" bold="true" box="[268,377,1966,1993]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F374BC86FFB4BD4CFEE83FBDFEF957C1" box="[268,377,1966,1993]" name="Thailand" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A732F4FFB4BD4CFE633FA3FDA257C1" box="[391,546,1967,1994]" country="Thailand" name="Nan" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Nan Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Lainan,
|
||
<date id="FFDDDAD6FFB4BD4CFD6E3FBCFCB657C1" box="[650,822,1967,1993]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="2012-09-21" valueMax="2012-09-22" valueMin="2012-09-21">21–22.IX.2012</date>
|
||
, cabbage farm,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE579AD1FFB4BD4CFC033FBDFBCA57C1" box="[999,1098,1966,1993]" degrees="18.579" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" precision="55" value="18.579">18.579N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE579AD1FFB4BD4CFBB23FBDFB4557C1" box="[1110,1221,1966,1993]" degrees="100.757" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" precision="55" value="100.757">100.757E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, LN3 Malaise trap, leg. D. L. J. Quicke, BMNH(E)
|
||
<date id="FFDDDAD6FFB4BD4CFDEA3FC1FDF357E5" box="[526,627,2002,2029]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="2015" valueMax="2075">2015–75</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D65379FFFB4BD4CFD653FC0FD2457E5" box="[641,676,2003,2029]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED7264D3FFB4BD4CFD513FC0FC8F57E5" box="[693,783,2003,2029]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
), Sabah,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9172004FFB4BD4CFC9D3FC1FC6657E5" bold="true" box="[889,998,2002,2029]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F374BC86FFB4BD4CFC9D3FC1FC6657E5" box="[889,998,2002,2029]" name="Malaysia" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, A. R. C. Tuaran, V. F. Wong, French bean,
|
||
<date id="FFDDDAD6FFB5BD4DFF3D388AFEE550BB" box="[217,357,153,179]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" value="1982-07-16">16.VII.1982</date>
|
||
, 94, C.I.E. Coll., A.14281,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C638795FFB5BD4DFD76388AFCAC50BB" authorityName="Stephens" authorityYear="1831" box="[658,812,153,179]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chaetocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9172004FFB5BD4DFD76388AFCAC50BB" box="[658,812,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Chaetocnema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. det. M. L. Cox, 1982, Pres. by Comm Inst Ent, B.M. 1982–1;
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D65379FFFB5BD4DFF1F38AEFE9E50DF" box="[251,286,189,215]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="female">6♀</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED7264D3FFB5BD4DFECA38AEFE0550DF" box="[302,389,189,215]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
),
|
||
<emphasis id="B9172004FFB5BD4DFE7D38AFFD8650DF" bold="true" box="[409,518,188,215]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F374BC86FFB5BD4DFE7D38AFFD8650DF" box="[409,518,188,215]" name="Malaysia" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A732F4FFB5BD4DFDF138AEFDDC50DF" box="[533,604,189,215]" country="Malaysia" name="Sabah" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Sabah</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Tanjung Aru Beach,
|
||
<date id="FFDDDAD6FFB5BD4DFCB638AEFC5950DF" box="[850,985,189,215]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" value="1983-08-08">8.VIII.1983</date>
|
||
, leg. G. F. Hevel & W. E. Steiner. Loan from USNMNH 2065634;
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D65379FFFB5BD4DFE2F38F2FE7C50F3" box="[459,508,225,251]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="female">10♀</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED7264D3FFB5BD4DFDE938F2FDE750F3" box="[525,615,225,251]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A732F4FFB5BD4DFD9F38F2FD4250F3" box="[635,706,225,251]" country="Malaysia" name="Sabah" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Sabah</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9172004FFB5BD4DFD3438F3FCBD50F3" bold="true" box="[720,829,224,251]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F374BC86FFB5BD4DFD3438F3FCBD50F3" box="[720,829,224,251]" name="Malaysia" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, A. R. C. Tuaran, Peter Goh, P. G.160,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9172004FFB5BD4DFAE138F2FE915117" bold="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">on sweet potatoes leaf</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFDDDAD6FFB5BD4DFEFB3916FE175117" box="[287,407,261,287]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" value="1994-10-26">26.X.1994</date>
|
||
, I.S.A.F. 1319, 874, Pres. by Int. Inst. Ent., BMNH{E}
|
||
<date id="FFDDDAD6FFB5BD4DFBE93916FBF25117" box="[1037,1138,261,287]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" value="1997-03">1997–III</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D65379FFFB5BD4DFB9A3916FB2F5117" box="[1150,1199,261,287]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="female">19♀</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED7264D3FFB5BD4DFB5A3916FA955117" box="[1214,1301,261,287]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
),
|
||
<emphasis id="B9172004FFB5BD4DFACC3917FA155117" bold="true" box="[1320,1429,260,287]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F374BC86FFB5BD4DFACC3917FA155117" box="[1320,1429,260,287]" name="Malaysia" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A732F4FFB5BD4DFF73393AFF5E514B" box="[151,222,297,323]" country="Malaysia" name="Sabah" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Sabah</collectingRegion>
|
||
, VIII–IX.1983, leg. G. F. Hevel & W. E. Steiner, loan from USNMNH 2065634;
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D65379FFFB5BD4DFB95393AFB13514B" box="[1137,1171,297,323]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED7264D3FFB5BD4DFB47393AFB7A514B" box="[1187,1274,297,323]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
), South
|
||
<emphasis id="B9172004FFB5BD4DFAB1393BFA15514B" bold="true" box="[1365,1429,296,323]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F374BC86FFB5BD4DFAB1393BFA15514B" box="[1365,1429,296,323]" name="India" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, Easten Ghats
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A732F4FFB5BD4DFED0395EFE2A516F" box="[308,426,333,359]" country="India" name="Karnataka" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Karnataka</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9B51F3FFB5BD4DFE53395EFD82516F" box="[439,514,333,359]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="km" value="14.0">14 km</quantity>
|
||
, E. Tumkur, leg. Konstantinov, Prathapan, Saluk;
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D65379FFFB5BD4DFBD8395EFBDF516F" box="[1084,1119,333,359]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED7264D3FFB5BD4DFB8B395EFB46516F" box="[1135,1222,333,359]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
),
|
||
<emphasis id="B9172004FFB5BD4DFB3F395FFAD5516F" bold="true" box="[1243,1365,332,359]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F374BC86FFB5BD4DFB3F395FFAD5516F" box="[1243,1365,332,359]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, Gannoruwa,
|
||
<date id="FFDDDAD6FFB5BD4DFF1D3962FEEE5183" box="[249,366,369,395]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" value="2002-02-13">13.II.2002</date>
|
||
on Kankung, leg. S. Basnagala, loan from USNMNH 2065634.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDCFC16FFB5BD4DFF233987FD6F51DB" blockId="37.[151,1437,153,1043]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9172004FFB5BD4DFF233987FDDF51A7" bold="true" box="[199,607,404,431]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Material from Palearctic Region:</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B0BF64BFFB5BD4DFD8E3986FD6B51DB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2451575715" collectingDate="1996-11-05" collectionCode="BMNH" collectorName="A. Tanaka & Pres. & Int. Inst. Ent." country="Japan" location="Kunigami Okinoerabu Ryukyu" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-female="4">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D65379FFFB5BD4DFD8E3986FD0D51A7" box="[618,653,405,431]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="female">4♀</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED7264D3FFB5BD4DFD7B3986FD7951A7" box="[671,761,405,431]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
),
|
||
<location id="8EBCAACDFFB5BD4DFCF43986FBF251A7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CA4D00FFB1BD4DFF73395EFC81541B:8EBCAACDFFB5BD4DFCF43986FBF251A7" box="[784,1138,405,431]" country="Japan" name="Kunigami Okinoerabu Ryukyu" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Kunigami Okinoerabu Ryukyu</location>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9172004FFB5BD4DFB983987FB5851A7" bold="true" box="[1148,1240,404,431]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F374BC86FFB5BD4DFB603987FB5051A7" box="[1156,1232,404,431]" name="Japan" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFDDDAD6FFB5BD4DFB0E3987FAF451A7" box="[1258,1396,404,431]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" value="1996-11-05">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF99233EFFB5BD4DFB0E3987FAF451A7" box="[1258,1396,404,431]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" value="1996-11-05">5. XI. 1996</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="269699C0FFB5BD4DFA653986FF6B51DB" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">A. Tanaka</collectorName>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName id="269699C0FFB5BD4DFF1239AAFEAE51DB" box="[246,302,441,467]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Pres.</collectorName>
|
||
by
|
||
<collectorName id="269699C0FFB5BD4DFEBC39AAFE6D51DB" box="[344,493,441,467]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Int. Inst. Ent.</collectorName>
|
||
, BMNH(E) 1997–202
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDCFC16FFB5BD4DFF2339CFFDDE5213" blockId="37.[151,1437,153,1043]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9172004FFB5BD4DFF2339CFFDD351FF" bold="true" box="[199,595,476,503]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Material from Austrilian Region:</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B0BF64BFFB5BD4DFDBE39CEFDDE5213" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2451575714" collectingDate="1991-01-06" collectingDateMax="1991-01-12" collectingDateMin="1991-01-06" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="Wiesner & Worm" country="New Caledonia" determinerName="Doberl." elevation="20" location="New Caledonia" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="3">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D65379FFFB5BD4DFDBE39CEFDFC51FF" box="[602,636,477,503]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="female">3♀</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED7264D3FFB5BD4DFD6F39CEFD6251FF" box="[651,738,477,503]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
),
|
||
<emphasis id="B9172004FFB5BD4DFD1039CEFC2851FF" bold="true" box="[756,936,476,503]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F374BC86FFB5BD4DFD1039CEFC2851FF" box="[756,936,476,503]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9B51F3FFB5BD4DFC5139CEFC6951FF" box="[949,1001,477,503]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="m" value="20.0">
|
||
<elevation id="004E1B25FFB5BD4DFC5139CEFC6951FF" box="[949,1001,477,503]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="m" value="20.0">20m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, Koumac,
|
||
<date id="FFDDDAD6FFB5BD4DFB8539CEFB6A51FF" box="[1121,1258,477,503]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" value="1991-01-06" valueMax="1991-01-12" valueMin="1991-01-06">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF99233EFFB5BD4DFB8539CEFB6A51FF" box="[1121,1258,477,503]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" value="1991-01-06" valueMax="1991-01-12" valueMin="1991-01-06">6–12.I.1991</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, leg.
|
||
<collectorName id="269699C0FFB5BD4DFAC039CEFA0051FF" box="[1316,1408,477,503]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Wiesner</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectorName id="269699C0FFB5BD4DFF733A12FF5F5213" box="[151,223,513,539]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Worm</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C638795FFB5BD4DFF0E3A12FE515213" authorityName="Weise" authorityYear="1916" box="[234,465,513,539]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chaetocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9172004FFB5BD4DFF0E3A12FE515213" box="[234,465,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Chaetocnema indica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
det.
|
||
<determinerName id="7E0010D2FFB5BD4DFDED3A12FDDE5213" box="[521,606,513,539]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Döberl.</determinerName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDCFC16FFB5BD4DFF233A37FF7752A3" blockId="37.[151,1437,153,1043]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9172004FFB5BD4DFF233A37FD185237" bold="true" box="[199,664,548,575]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Material that has been compared with</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B0BF64BFFB5BD4DFD443A36FD05526B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2451576059" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="R. White" country="United States of America" determinerName="White" location="Compared" municipality="San Antonio" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9172004FFB5BD4DFD443A36FCEF5237" bold="true" box="[672,879,548,575]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D842B4FFB5BD4DFD443A36FD535237" box="[672,723,549,575]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">type</typeStatus>
|
||
by
|
||
<collectorName id="269699C0FFB5BD4DFCE63A36FCEF5237" box="[770,879,548,575]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">R. White</collectorName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D65379FFFB5BD4DFC9B3A36FC225237" box="[895,930,549,575]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED7264D3FFB5BD4DFC573A36FB8A5237" box="[947,1034,549,575]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
),
|
||
<emphasis id="B9172004FFB5BD4DFBFA3A37FBD65237" bold="true" box="[1054,1110,548,575]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F374BC86FFB5BD4DFBFA3A37FBD65237" box="[1054,1110,548,575]" name="United States of America" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BB8666CFFB5BD4DFB823A36FB765237" box="[1126,1270,549,575]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">San Antonio</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C638795FFB5BD4DFAE63A36FEC5526B" authority="Crotch" authorityName="Crotch" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chaetocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="confinis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9172004FFB5BD4DFAE63A36FF70526B" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Chaetocnema confinis</emphasis>
|
||
Crotch
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
det.
|
||
<determinerName id="7E0010D2FFB5BD4DFE653A5AFE48526B" box="[385,456,585,611]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">White</determinerName>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EBCAACDFFB5BD4DFE313A5AFDCA526B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CA4D00FFB1BD4DFF73395EFC81541B:8EBCAACDFFB5BD4DFE313A5AFDCA526B" box="[469,586,585,611]" country="United States of America" municipality="San Antonio" name="Compared" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Compared</location>
|
||
with
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B0BF64BFFB5BD4DFD6A3A5AFF7352A3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2451576038" collectingDate="1943-10-13" collectingDateMax="1983-05-16" collectingDateMin="1943-10-13" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="Hill, N. M. & Walnut Woods Pk. & J. E. Wappes" country="United States of America" county="Polk Co." determinerName="White" location="Spinach" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Iowa">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D842B4FFB5BD4DFD6A3A5AFD42526B" box="[654,706,585,611]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">type</typeStatus>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D65379FFFB5BD4DFD343A5AFD72526B" box="[720,754,585,611]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED7264D3FFB5BD4DFCE03A5AFCDB526B" box="[772,859,585,611]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
),
|
||
<emphasis id="B9172004FFB5BD4DFC943A5BFC28526B" bold="true" box="[880,936,584,611]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F374BC86FFB5BD4DFC943A5BFC28526B" box="[880,936,584,611]" name="United States of America" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, on
|
||
<location id="8EBCAACDFFB5BD4DFC393A5AFBBA526B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CA4D00FFB1BD4DFF73395EFC81541B:8EBCAACDFFB5BD4DFC393A5AFBBA526B" box="[989,1082,585,611]" country="United States of America" county="Polk Co." name="Spinach" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" stateProvince="Iowa">Spinach</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="269699C0FFB5BD4DFBAC3A5AFB48526B" box="[1096,1224,585,611]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Hill, N. M.</collectorName>
|
||
<date id="FFDDDAD6FFB5BD4DFB353A5AFACA526B" box="[1233,1354,585,611]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" value="1943-10-13">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF99233EFFB5BD4DFB353A5AFACA526B" box="[1233,1354,585,611]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" value="1943-10-13">13.X.1943</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C638795FFB5BD4DFABC3A5AFE28528F" authority="Crotch" authorityName="Crotch" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chaetocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="confinis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9172004FFB5BD4DFABC3A5AFED6528F" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Chaetocnema confinis</emphasis>
|
||
Crotch
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
det.
|
||
<determinerName id="7E0010D2FFB5BD4DFE3B3A7EFDA6528F" box="[479,550,621,647]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">White</determinerName>
|
||
, 1992;
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D65379FFFB5BD4DFD9C3A7EFD1B528F" box="[632,667,621,647]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED7264D3FFB5BD4DFD4E3A7EFC81528F" box="[682,769,621,647]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
),
|
||
<emphasis id="B9172004FFB5BD4DFCF73A7FFCCB528F" bold="true" box="[787,843,620,647]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F374BC86FFB5BD4DFCF73A7FFCCB528F" box="[787,843,620,647]" name="United States of America" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A732F4FFB5BD4DFCBD3A7EFC14528F" box="[857,916,621,647]" country="United States of America" name="Iowa" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Iowa</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62BD849AFFB5BD4DFC7B3A7EFB83528F" box="[927,1027,621,647]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Polk Co.</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="269699C0FFB5BD4DFBEA3A7EFB60528F" box="[1038,1248,621,647]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Walnut Woods Pk.</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFDDDAD6FFB5BD4DFB0F3A7EFAE0528F" box="[1259,1376,621,647]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" value="1983-05-16">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF99233EFFB5BD4DFB0F3A7EFAE0528F" box="[1259,1376,621,647]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" value="1983-05-16">16.V.1983</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="269699C0FFB5BD4DFA8F3A7EFF7352A3" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">J. E. Wappes</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C379AF9DFFB5BD4DFF233AA6FC81541B" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDCFC16FFB5BD4DFF233AA6FAE95357" blockId="37.[151,1437,153,1043]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9172004FFB5BD4DFF233AA6FEBD52C7" bold="true" box="[199,317,693,719]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Remarks:</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C638795FFB5BD4DFEA13AA6FDBF52C7" box="[325,575,693,719]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chaetocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="confinis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9172004FFB5BD4DFEA13AA6FDBF52C7" box="[325,575,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Chaetocnema confinis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is native to Nearctic Region (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF281E7FFB5BD4DFC5D3AA6FBC852D8" author="White, R. E." box="[953,1096,693,720]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 158" refId="ref124728" refString="White, R. E. (1996) A revision of the genus Chaetocnema of America north of Mexico (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Contributions of the American Entomological Institute, 29, 1 - 158." type="journal article" year="1996">White, 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and was introduced to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F374BC86FFB5BD4DFABD3AA6FA1C52C7" box="[1369,1436,693,719]" name="China" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
and Oriental Region. Specimens from the Oriental Region are distinctly smaller (body length:
|
||
<quantity id="4C9B51F3FFB5BD4DFB5D3ACBFADD52FB" box="[1209,1373,728,755]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="1.6" valueMax="1.7" valueMin="1.5">1.50–1.70 mm</quantity>
|
||
) than those from North America (body length: about 2.00 mm); Males do not occur outside North America, where it is introduced, and only females occur in the Oriental Region, indicating parthenogenesis (we have examined
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D65379FFFB5BD4DFAD33B32FF525357" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="generic">80 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
from the Oriental Region and all of them are females, which is very unusual for Oriental
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C638795FFB5BD4DFB5B3B56FAD95357" authorityName="Stephens" authorityYear="1831" box="[1215,1369,837,863]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chaetocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9172004FFB5BD4DFB5B3B56FAD95357" box="[1215,1369,837,863]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Chaetocnema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDCFC16FFB5BD4DFF233B7AFC6B53C3" blockId="37.[151,1437,153,1043]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
This species closely resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C638795FFB5BD4DFDC63B7AFD08538B" authorityName="Weise" authorityYear="1916" box="[546,648,873,899]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chaetocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9172004FFB5BD4DFDC63B7AFD08538B" box="[546,648,873,899]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">C. indica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C638795FFB5BD4DFD593B7AFCD5538B" authority="Ruan & Yang & Konstantinov & Prathapan & Zhang, 2019" authorityName="Ruan & Yang & Konstantinov & Prathapan & Zhang" authorityYear="2019" box="[701,853,873,899]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chaetocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jinxiuensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9172004FFB5BD4DFD593B7AFCD5538B" box="[701,853,873,899]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">C. jinxiuensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9172004FFB5BD4DFCBF3B7AFC34538B" bold="true" box="[859,948,873,899]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2249D7FFFB5BD4DFCBF3B7AFC34538B" box="[859,948,873,899]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
However, punctures on pronotum are much closer and coarser in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C638795FFB5BD4DFE663B9EFE7A53AF" box="[386,506,909,935]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chaetocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="confinis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9172004FFB5BD4DFE663B9EFE7A53AF" box="[386,506,909,935]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">C. confinis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
compared to the other two species. Three females from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F374BC86FFB5BD4DFB833B9EFA9453AF" box="[1127,1300,909,935]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
|
||
were examined and they are slightly larger in size compared to the Oriental specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDCFC16FFB5BD4DFF233BC6FC81541B" blockId="37.[151,1437,153,1043]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C638795FFB5BD4DFF233BC6FE6F53E7" box="[199,495,981,1007]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chaetocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutissima">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9172004FFB5BD4DFF233BC6FE6F53E7" box="[199,495,981,1007]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Chaetocnema minutissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from south America appears to be identical with
|
||
<emphasis id="B9172004FFB5BD4DFBF73BC6FB1353E7" box="[1043,1171,981,1007]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C638795FFB5BD4DFBF73BC6FB1053E7" box="[1043,1168,981,1007]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chaetocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="confinis">C. confinis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
based on external characters. More studies may prove them to be conspecific.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |