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<document id="6ECF4D6A198A481DEA2130AE8EE2AC95" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.2650482" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e3c1263e-2650-451f-807b-dbb4bf5f09d8" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2650482" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="juliana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="juliana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="juliana" IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana" checkinTime="1701714306339" checkinUser="karina" docAuthor="Willmott, Keith R., Marín, Mario A., Nakahara, Shinichi, Pomerantz, Tatiana, Lamas, Gerardo, Huertas, Blanca, Espeland, Marianne, Xiao, Lei, Hall, Jason P. W., Robinson Willmott, James I. &amp; Freitas, André V. L." docDate="2019" docId="03C887BAFFCFFFC80D9BFC71FE7FC98A" docLanguage="en" docName="TropLepidRes.29.1.29-44.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Tropical Lepidoptera Research 29 (1)" docTitle="Optimandes mocha Willmott, Hall &amp; Lamas 2019, n. sp." docType="treatment" docUuid="0BD43E8A-ACC7-4FFE-AE0D-DE219DDB419F" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="40" masterDocId="FFF1FFC2FFC4FFC40D27FFCDFFE4C952" masterDocTitle="A revision of the new Andean butterfly genus Optimandes Marín, Nakahara &amp; Willmott, n. gen., with the description of a new species (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Euptychiina)" masterLastPageNumber="44" masterPageNumber="29" pageNumber="40" updateTime="1701774962631" updateUser="felipe">
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<mods:title id="1483E3307179BFEDFCD59ED473722927">A revision of the new Andean butterfly genus Optimandes Marín, Nakahara &amp; Willmott, n. gen., with the description of a new species (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Euptychiina)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8C3DBD5C6F1FB007F0FFBE0722B1109F">Willmott, Keith R.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="32BDB16F85366BB05AFF5990EA09FCC8">McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="F7D5397BE2A7DD2751913707BE28723D">Marín, Mario A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5A34D89A202C57845A05D5D44A2E923A">Nakahara, Shinichi</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="2F571B69A2B38A32201C35EB267F75BB">McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="AB33622DAF795F5018941E9CA765C2F2">Pomerantz, Tatiana</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="10A0459A4BEEAF49ABB0F401FB62E0EB">McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="6F3FC55E8C74597387B8671A1F626268">Lamas, Gerardo</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="F602E46B651B0B491EEB64C28954BCC2">Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="58266F371C34502B7F25B27ACD1E3691">Huertas, Blanca</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="AAD41002E1C69138487C824462B43B36">Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, United Kingdom.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="FC42CD1E9D09F6A0D3AA7113C2264720">Espeland, Marianne</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="02CAD669ED07CA1B34B92174B2125373">Arthropoda Department, Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, Germany.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="819D5AF41E9F7D446D995CF9BEB38255">Xiao, Lei</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="109E9DDF8EED1C14FAF75AD35DF4DBC5">McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="7851F7683799CA3FBBA113F56D916312">Hall, Jason P. W.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="E0FECB2E012D17F94A777221AD64C3ED">Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="8BACD025943A3280D852DAD21F24AC1A">Robinson Willmott, James I.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="0883B40DE7F72A34E85F830CD5C387CF">McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="85E616FD07FDE14490A2891830EC313E">Freitas, André V. L.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="6FB56CBCBA02050CF053F44E149B3FB2">Departamento de Biologia Animal and Museu de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="5E73D83A0232B5263A25F7A3A95694C9">Tropical Lepidoptera Research</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="4C71CF7561379B9A31A635D95A670876">
<mods:date id="7349DFB2B27122D4A18829346C18C6D6">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="1BF255B30EAC2F76C9B86C0CCBACC09C">2019-05-03</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="2431336383878E03735499F3158FDB80">29</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="78EAC0E5D9651C73E55CB8557534FAE2">1</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="D814333FE584EB4B9B5F8531FE0BFB8F">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="7F2E869A4DC8CDC5D8E3C457E3D4B6D1" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.2650482</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03C887BAFFCFFFC80D9BFC71FE7FC98A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10257607" ID-GBIF-Taxon="219499837" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10257607" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:0BD43E8A-ACC7-4FFE-AE0D-DE219DDB419F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C887BAFFCFFFC80D9BFC71FE7FC98A" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">
<subSubSection id="C37B6527FFCFFFCF0D9BFC71FD00CA87" box="[188,740,956,981]" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BDE36ACFFCFFFCF0D9BFC71FD00CA87" blockId="11.[188,740,956,1013]" box="[188,740,956,981]" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">
<heading id="D09681C0FFCFFFCF0D9BFC71FD00CA87" bold="true" box="[188,740,956,981]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" reason="0">
<taxonomicName id="4C614D2FFFCFFFCF0D9BFC71FD7ACA86" authority="Willmott, Hall &amp; Lamas" authorityName="Willmott, Hall &amp; Lamas" authorityYear="2019" box="[188,670,956,981]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Optimandes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mocha" status="n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B915EABEFFCFFFCF0D9BFC71FE74CA86" bold="true" box="[188,400,956,980]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">Optimandes mocha</emphasis>
Willmott, Hall &amp; Lamas
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22657C5FFCFFFCF0F8FFC70FD00CA87" box="[680,740,957,981]" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C37B6527FFCFFFCF0C70FC10FDADCAA7" box="[343,585,989,1013]" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BDE36ACFFCFFFCF0C70FC10FDADCAA7" blockId="11.[188,740,956,1013]" box="[343,585,989,1013]" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">
<heading id="D09681C0FFCFFFCF0C70FC10FDADCAA7" box="[343,585,989,1013]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" reason="1">
<figureCitation id="135A2A29FFCFFFCF0C70FC10FE2ACAA7" box="[343,462,989,1013]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[128,163,1302,1324]" captionTargetBox="[239,1377,143,1288]" captionTargetId="graphics-480@2.[239,1352,151,1290]" captionText="Fig. 1. Maximum likelihood tree (log-likelihood: -26562.376) showing the phylogenetic relationships among Optimandes new genus and relatives within the subtribe Euptychiina. Numbers beside branches are ultrafast bootstrap values. Names in bold were included in Euptychoides in Lamas (2004)." pageId="11" pageNumber="40">Figs. 1G,H</figureCitation>
, 3A-E, 4, 6
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C37B6527FFCFFFCF0DA7FBD1FEDECF27" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BDE36ACFFCFFFCF0DA7FBD1FEDECF27" blockId="11.[128,800,1052,1653]" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="B915EABEFFCFFFCF0DA7FBD1FE2FCD66" bold="true" box="[128,459,1052,1077]" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">Diagnosis and identification</emphasis>
: DNA sequence data suggest that this species is sister to
<taxonomicName id="4C614D2FFFCFFFCF0C94FBF0FD75CD06" authorityName="Willmott &amp; Marín &amp; Nakahara &amp; Pomerantz &amp; Lamas &amp; Huertas &amp; Espeland &amp; Xiao &amp; Hall &amp; Robinson Willmott &amp; Freitas" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="C. Felder &amp; R. Felder" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[435,657,1085,1109]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Optimandes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eugenia">
<emphasis id="B915EABEFFCFFFCF0C94FBF0FD75CD06" box="[435,657,1085,1109]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">Optimandes eugenia</emphasis>
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, from which it may easily be distinguished by the straight and very broad dark brown ventral discal and postdiscal lines and large VHW ocelli in cells Cu
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-M
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(similar in size to those in Cu
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- Cu
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and
<collectionCode id="ED70AE69FFCFFFCF0DF8FB70FF13CD86" box="[223,247,1213,1236]" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">M</collectionCode>
<subScript id="17E534E9FFCFFFCF0DD0FB00FF1BCD89" attach="left" box="[247,255,1229,1243]" fontSize="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">2</subScript>
-
<collectionCode id="ED70AE69FFCFFFCF0C21FB70FEFBCD86" box="[262,287,1213,1236]" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">M</collectionCode>
<subScript id="17E534E9FFCFFFCF0C38FB00FEC3CD89" attach="left" box="[287,295,1229,1243]" fontSize="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">1</subScript>
). In addition,
<emphasis id="B915EABEFFCFFFCF0CE2FB70FD51CD86" box="[453,693,1213,1236]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">
<taxonomicName id="4C614D2FFFCFFFCF0CE2FB70FDDFCD86" authorityName="Willmott &amp; Marín &amp; Nakahara &amp; Pomerantz &amp; Lamas &amp; Huertas &amp; Espeland &amp; Xiao &amp; Hall &amp; Robinson Willmott &amp; Freitas" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="C. Felder &amp; R. Felder" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[453,571,1213,1236]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Optimandes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eugenia">O. eugenia</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C614D2FFFCFFFCF0F63FB70FD51CD86" authorityName="Weymer" authorityYear="1911" box="[580,693,1213,1236]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="transversa">transversa</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
, which is sympatric with
<taxonomicName id="4C614D2FFFCFFFCF0C0DFB10FE70CDA7" authority="Willmott &amp; Marín &amp; Nakahara &amp; Pomerantz &amp; Lamas &amp; Huertas &amp; Espeland &amp; Xiao &amp; Hall &amp; Robinson Willmott &amp; Freitas, 2019" authorityName="Willmott &amp; Marín &amp; Nakahara &amp; Pomerantz &amp; Lamas &amp; Huertas &amp; Espeland &amp; Xiao &amp; Hall &amp; Robinson Willmott &amp; Freitas" authorityYear="2019" box="[298,404,1245,1269]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Optimandes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mocha" status="n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B915EABEFFCFFFCF0C0DFB10FE70CDA7" box="[298,404,1245,1269]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">O. mocha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B915EABEFFCFFFCF0CBAFB10FE3FCDA7" bold="true" box="[413,475,1245,1269]" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22657C5FFCFFFCF0CBAFB10FE3FCDA7" box="[413,475,1245,1269]" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, has a broad white postdiscal band on the VHW. The male genitalia of the two species differ as follows: in
<taxonomicName id="4C614D2FFFCFFFCF0C3BFAD0FE61CC67" authorityName="Willmott &amp; Marín &amp; Nakahara &amp; Pomerantz &amp; Lamas &amp; Huertas &amp; Espeland &amp; Xiao &amp; Hall &amp; Robinson Willmott &amp; Freitas" authorityYear="2019" box="[284,389,1309,1333]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Optimandes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mocha">
<emphasis id="B915EABEFFCFFFCF0C3BFAD0FE61CC67" box="[284,389,1309,1333]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">O. mocha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the uncus is sharply constricted near the posterior tip rather than just narrowing gradually, the valva posterior tip slants downwards rather than curving slightly upwards, and the aedeagus curves upwards more strongly in the anterior half.
<taxonomicName id="4C614D2FFFCFFFCF0C19FA50FDEACCE7" authorityName="Willmott &amp; Marín &amp; Nakahara &amp; Pomerantz &amp; Lamas &amp; Huertas &amp; Espeland &amp; Xiao &amp; Hall &amp; Robinson Willmott &amp; Freitas" authorityYear="2019" box="[318,526,1437,1461]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Optimandes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mocha">
<emphasis id="B915EABEFFCFFFCF0C19FA50FDEACCE7" box="[318,526,1437,1461]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">Optimandes mocha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinguished from all other euptychiines by the combination of very broad, straight brown ventral postdiscal lines and a tornal ocellus on the VHW in cell 2A-Cu
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;
<taxonomicName id="4C614D2FFFCFFFCF0C10FA30FD15CF47" authority="(Hewitson, 1869)" baseAuthorityName="Hewitson" baseAuthorityYear="1869" box="[311,753,1533,1557]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Magneuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tiessa">
<emphasis id="B915EABEFFCFFFCF0C10FA30FDC1CF46" box="[311,549,1533,1557]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">Magneuptychia tiessa</emphasis>
(Hewitson, 1869)
</taxonomicName>
has similarly broad VHW postdiscal lines but is larger and has a more scalloped HW margin and no VHW tornal ocellus, among other differences.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37B6527FFCFFFCF0DA7F95BFBC3CD14" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BDE36ACFFCFFFCF0DA7F95BFA9ECD7F" blockId="11.[128,801,1686,1987]" lastBlockId="11.[832,1505,128,1095]" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="B915EABEFFCFFFCF0DA7F95BFF15CFFB" bold="true" box="[128,241,1686,1705]" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">Description:</emphasis>
MALE (
<figureCitation id="135A2A29FFCFFFCF0C64F95AFE44CFF8" box="[323,416,1687,1706]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[129,164,1241,1263]" captionTargetBox="[158,1488,136,1223]" captionTargetId="figure-346@3.[129,1503,128,1232]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Optimandes, adults, left side dorsal, right side ventral, unless stated otherwise. A,B Optimandes eugenia eugenia. A. ♂, Venezuela (lectotype Euptychia phineus). B. ♀, Venezuela (Aragua). C-F, Optimandes eugenia transversa. C. ♂, W. Ecuador (Pichincha). D. ♀, W. Ecuador (Carchi). E. ♂, Peru (Cuzco) (lectotype Euptychia transversa). F. ♀, Bolivia (Cochabamba). G,H, Optimandes mocha n. sp., holotype ♂, Ecuador. G. Dorsal surface. H. Ventral surface." pageId="11" pageNumber="40">
Fig. 2
<collectionCode id="ED70AE69FFCFFFCF0C5EF95AFE6FCFF8" box="[377,395,1687,1706]" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">G</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED70AE69FFCFFFCF0CA9F95AFE44CFF8" box="[398,416,1687,1706]" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">H</collectionCode>
</figureCitation>
): Forewing length 22.5 mm (mean
<quantity id="4C999B49FFCFFFCF0FFBF95AFCF8CFF8" box="[732,796,1687,1706]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="23.0">23 mm</quantity>
, n=2).
<emphasis id="B915EABEFFCFFFCF0D9EF97CFF09CF91" box="[185,237,1713,1731]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">Wings</emphasis>
: FW triangular, distal and anal margins straight and almost perpendicular, vein R
<subScript id="17E534E9FFCFFFCF0C62F91BFEAFCFB0" attach="left" box="[325,331,1750,1762]" fontSize="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">2</subScript>
arising just basally of origin of vein R
<subScript id="17E534E9FFCFFFCF0FEDF91BFD0FCFB0" attach="left" box="[714,747,1750,1762]" fontSize="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">3+4+5</subScript>
; HW approximately triangular, distal margin rounded, anal margin slightly indented basal of tornus.
<emphasis id="B915EABEFFCFFFCF0C35F930FE71CE42" box="[274,405,1789,1808]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">Dorsal surface</emphasis>
: Ground color brown. DFW with costa and distal margin very slightly darker than remainder of wing. DHW with indistinct black postdiscal ocellus encircled by very diffuse orange ring in cell Cu
<subScript id="17E534E9FFCFFFCF0FC9F8F0FD10CE1B" attach="left" box="[750,756,1853,1865]" fontSize="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">2</subScript>
-Cu
<subScript id="17E534E9FFCFFFCF0E33F8F0FCFECE1B" attach="left" box="[788,794,1853,1865]" fontSize="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">1</subScript>
, margin lined diffusely with black, very indistinct darker submarginal line visible in tornal region.
<emphasis id="B915EABEFFCFFFCF0C73F8AEFE33CE25" box="[340,471,1891,1911]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">Ventral surface</emphasis>
: Ground color grayish brown, a little paler than dorsal surface. VFW with broad, straight dark brown discal line from costal vein extending across discal cell basal of base of vein Cu
<subScript id="17E534E9FFCFFFCF0FBBF86EFD46CEFD" attach="left" box="[668,674,1955,1967]" fontSize="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">2</subScript>
almost to vein 2A; discocellular veins lined with dark brown; broad, approximately straight dark brown postdiscal line from cell M
<subScript id="17E534E9FFCFFFCF09A8FF40FB71C9CB" attach="left" box="[1167,1173,141,153]" fontSize="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">1</subScript>
-R
<subScript id="17E534E9FFCFFFCF098CFF40FB55C9CB" attach="left" box="[1195,1201,141,153]" fontSize="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">5</subScript>
to vein 2A, slightly kinked in cells 2A-Cu
<subScript id="17E534E9FFCFFFCF0E5DFF6BFC64C9E0" attach="left" box="[890,896,166,178]" fontSize="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">2</subScript>
and M
<subScript id="17E534E9FFCFFFCF0EE7FF6BFC22C9E0" attach="left" box="[960,966,166,178]" fontSize="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">1</subScript>
-R
<subScript id="17E534E9FFCFFFCF0EFCFF6BFC05C9E0" attach="left" box="[987,993,166,178]" fontSize="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">5</subScript>
, basally diffusing into wing background, distally bordered sharply by band of paler grayish scaling; four postdiscal ocelli in cells Cu
<subScript id="17E534E9FFCFFFCF089EFF0DFA5BC99E" attach="left" box="[1465,1471,192,204]" fontSize="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">1</subScript>
-M
<subScript id="17E534E9FFCFFFCF08FDFF0DFA04C99E" attach="left" box="[1498,1504,192,204]" fontSize="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">3</subScript>
(indistinct black spot encircled by yellowish brown ring), M 3 -M 2 (similar to preceding but with central white pupil), and M
<subScript id="17E534E9FFCFFFCF09FBFF3EFB06C9AD" attach="left" box="[1244,1250,243,255]" fontSize="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">2</subScript>
-R
<subScript id="17E534E9FFCFFFCF09DFFF3EFB1AC9AD" attach="left" box="[1272,1278,243,255]" fontSize="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">5</subScript>
(black spots encircled by clear yellowish brown rings with single central white pupils in each ocellus); two broad, dark brown submarginal lines, more basal line wavy and bordered basally by band of paler grayish scaling, more distal line straighter, lines close or touching at each wing vein, wing margin lined with black. VHW with broad, straight dark brown discal line from costa extending across discal cell just basal of base of vein Rs, tapering towards anal margin to a thin line in middle of cell 3A-2A; broad, straight dark brown postdiscal line tapering from costa to tornal indentation on anal margin, bordered distally with pale grayish band; discocellular vein 2d lined with dark brown; six postdiscal ocelli, in cells 2A-Cu
<subScript id="17E534E9FFCFFFCF0E7EFE3EFCBBC8AD" attach="left" box="[857,863,499,511]" fontSize="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">2</subScript>
(half width of cell, black spot encircled by clear yellowish brown ring with single central white pupil), Cu
<subScript id="17E534E9FFCFFFCF0963FDC0FBAECB4B" attach="left" box="[1092,1098,525,537]" fontSize="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">2</subScript>
-Cu
<subScript id="17E534E9FFCFFFCF094DFDC0FB94CB4B" attach="left" box="[1130,1136,525,537]" fontSize="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">1</subScript>
(similar to preceding except larger, almost filling cell), Cu
<subScript id="17E534E9FFCFFFCF0EE6FDEBFC23CB60" attach="left" box="[961,967,550,562]" fontSize="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">1</subScript>
-M
<subScript id="17E534E9FFCFFFCF0EC6FDEBFC03CB60" attach="left" box="[993,999,550,562]" fontSize="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">3</subScript>
and M
<subScript id="17E534E9FFCFFFCF0904FDEBFBCDCB60" attach="left" box="[1059,1065,550,562]" fontSize="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">3</subScript>
-M
<subScript id="17E534E9FFCFFFCF0964FDEBFBADCB60" attach="left" box="[1091,1097,550,562]" fontSize="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">2</subScript>
(similar to preceding except dark brown central spot, diffuse yellow brown ring and no white pupil), M
<subScript id="17E534E9FFCFFFCF0809FD8DFAD0CB1E" attach="left" box="[1326,1332,576,588]" fontSize="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">2</subScript>
-M
<subScript id="17E534E9FFCFFFCF0869FD8DFAB0CB1E" attach="left" box="[1358,1364,576,588]" fontSize="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">1</subScript>
(similar to that in Cu 2 -Cu 1, filling cell) and M 1 -Rs (similar to preceding but not quite filling cell); two broad, dark brown submarginal lines, more basal line wavy and bordered basally by band of paler grayish scaling, more distal line straighter, lines close or touching at each wing vein, wing margin lined with black.
<emphasis id="B915EABEFFCFFFCF088BFD57FA3ECBFF" box="[1452,1498,666,685]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">Head</emphasis>
: eyes brown with dense, long setae; antennae with
<emphasis id="B915EABEFFCFFFCF09DBFD79FAEFCB94" box="[1276,1291,692,710]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">c.</emphasis>
33 antennomeres, distal
<emphasis id="B915EABEFFCFFFCF0E67FD03FCB4CBB2" box="[832,848,718,736]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">c.</emphasis>
10 comprising club, dark brown with sparse white scales at ventral base of antennomeres in basal part of antennae; labial palpi dark brown with long dark brown hair-like scales ventrally on basal segment, remaining segments missing in specimens studied; head covered with dark brown scales and hair-like scales.
<emphasis id="B915EABEFFCFFFCF0E83FCFEFC06CA14" box="[932,994,819,838]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">Thorax</emphasis>
: thorax, forelegs, mid- and hind legs dark brown, mid- and hind legs with pair of tibial spurs.
<emphasis id="B915EABEFFCFFFCF0948FC80FB24CA32" box="[1135,1216,845,864]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">Abdomen</emphasis>
: dark brown.
<emphasis id="B915EABEFFCFFFCF081CFC80FA68CA32" box="[1339,1420,845,864]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">Genitalia</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="135A2A29FFCFFFCF08BEFC80FA29CA32" box="[1433,1485,845,864]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[128,163,1579,1601]" captionTargetBox="[180,1442,149,1558]" captionTargetId="figure-135@5.[166,1466,128,1577]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 4. Optimandes, male genitalia. A-E, O. eugenia transversa (FLMNH-MGCL-112616, dissection KW-14-30). F-J, O. mocha n. sp. (HT, dissection KW-17-20). A,F. Lateral view terminal abdominal segments. B,G. Lateral view genitalic capsule. C,H. Dorsal view genitalic capsule. D,I. Lateral view aedeagus. E,J. Dorsal view aedeagus." pageId="11" pageNumber="40">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
<collectionCode id="ED70AE69FFCFFFCF0E67FCAAFCAFCA28" box="[832,843,871,890]" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">F-J</collectionCode>
): as illustrated, notable features include eighth tergite unsclerotized except for narrow anterior band and slightly broader posterior patch; brachia directed upwards with respect to uncus, uncus curving downwards, in lateral view broad in basal two-thirds then sharply constricted and narrow in distal third; valva tapering throughout, with distal tip pointed and directed downwards; aedeagus with anterior portion curved upwards and smoothly joining ductus ejaculatorius, distal portion ending with a point on right side, two elongate, parallel patches of teeth-like cornuti visible in middle of aedeagus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE36ACFFCFFFCF0E57FBF9FBC3CD14" blockId="11.[832,1505,128,1095]" box="[880,1063,1075,1095]" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">FEMALE: unknown.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37B6527FFCFFFCF0E67FBA0FA78CC35" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BDE36ACFFCFFFCF0E67FBA0FA4BCD9F" blockId="11.[832,1505,1132,1383]" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">
<materialsCitation id="3B093CF1FFCFFFCF0E67FBA0FA4FCD9F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4444307305" collectingDate="2006-10-28" collectionCode="FLMNH" collectorName="(Willmott, K. R. &amp; Aldaz, R." country="Ecuador" elevation="1850" latitude="-3.97" location="Loja-Zamora" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-79.06167" municipality="Sabanilla" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" specimenCode="FLMNH-MGCL-112631" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Zamora-Chinchipe" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B915EABEFFCFFFCF0E67FBA0FC91CDD2" bold="true" box="[832,885,1133,1152]" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">Types</emphasis>
:
<typeStatus id="54DA880EFFCFFFCF0EA6FBA0FC16CDD2" box="[897,1010,1133,1152]" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
<specimenCount id="9D67FD25FFCFFFCF0EDFFBA1FBEDCDD3" box="[1016,1033,1132,1153]" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
:
<emphasis id="B915EABEFFCFFFCF0933FBA0FB64CDD2" bold="true" box="[1044,1152,1133,1152]" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">
<collectingCountry id="F376763CFFCFFFCF0933FBA0FB64CDD2" box="[1044,1152,1133,1152]" name="Ecuador" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" value="Ecuador">ECUADOR</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
:
<emphasis id="B915EABEFFCFFFCF09ABFBA0FAD1CDD2" box="[1164,1333,1133,1152]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">
<collectingRegion id="49A5F84EFFCFFFCF09ABFBA0FAD5CDD2" box="[1164,1329,1133,1152]" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">Zamora-Chinchipe</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
nr.
<collectingMunicipality id="6BBAACD6FFCFFFCF0870FBA0FA4DCDD2" box="[1367,1449,1133,1152]" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">Sabanilla</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8EBE6077FFCFFFCF0895FBA0FC66CDC8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C887BAFFCFFFC80D9BFC71FE7FC98A:8EBE6077FFCFFFCF0895FBA0FC66CDC8" country="Ecuador" latitude="-3.97" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-79.06167" municipality="Sabanilla" name="Loja-Zamora" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" stateProvince="Zamora-Chinchipe">Loja-Zamora</location>
rd.,
<location id="8EBE6077FFCFFFCF0E92FB4AFB99CDC8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C887BAFFCFFFC80D9BFC71FE7FC98A:8EBE6077FFCFFFCF0E92FB4AFB99CDC8" box="[949,1149,1159,1178]" country="Ecuador" latitude="-3.97" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-79.06167" municipality="Sabanilla" name="Quebrada San Ramon" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" stateProvince="Zamora-Chinchipe">Quebrada San Ramón</location>
, power station, [
<geoCoordinate id="EE55506BFFCFFFCF083DFB4AFA8BCDC8" box="[1306,1391,1159,1178]" degrees="3" direction="south" minutes="58" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" precision="15" seconds="12" value="-3.97">3°58'12''S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE55506BFFCFFFCF0855FB4AFA33CDC8" box="[1394,1495,1159,1178]" degrees="79" direction="west" minutes="3" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" precision="15" seconds="42" value="-79.06167">79°3'42''W</geoCoordinate>
],
<quantity id="4C999B49FFCFFFCF0E67FB6DFC67CDE6" box="[832,899,1184,1204]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" unit="m" value="1850.0">
<elevation id="004CD19FFFCFFFCF0E67FB6DFC67CDE6" box="[832,899,1184,1204]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" unit="m" value="1850.0">1850 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<collectorName id="2694537AFFCFFFCF0EACFB6DFBFDCDE6" box="[907,1049,1184,1204]" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">(Willmott, K. R.</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="2694537AFFCFFFCF0907FB6DFB97CDE1" box="[1056,1139,1184,1203]" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">Aldaz, R.</collectorName>
),
<date id="FFDF106CFFCFFFCF09A4FB6DFB0BCDE1" box="[1155,1263,1184,1203]" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" value="2006-10-28">
<collectingDate id="EF9BE984FFCFFFCF09A4FB6DFB0BCDE1" box="[1155,1263,1184,1203]" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" value="2006-10-28">28 Oct 2006</collectingDate>
</date>
, [
<specimenCode id="DBC79ED7FFCFFFCF09DBFB6DFA3CCDE1" box="[1276,1496,1184,1203]" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">FLMNH-MGCL-112631</specimenCode>
], (genitalic dissection KW-17-20), (FLMNH, to be deposited in INABIO)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE36ACFFCFFFCF0E67FB19FA78CC35" blockId="11.[832,1505,1132,1383]" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">
<materialsCitation id="3B093CF1FFCFFFCF0E67FB19FA87CC48" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4444307327" collectingDate="2006-12-03" collectionCode="FLMNH" collectorName="(Willmott, K. R." country="Ecuador" elevation="2050" latitude="-3.9883335" location="San Francisco" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-79.095" municipality="Loja-Zamora" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-male="4" stateProvince="Zamora-Chinchipe" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="54DA880EFFCFFFCF0E67FB19FC52CDB5" box="[832,950,1236,1255]" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">PARATYPES</typeStatus>
(
<specimenCount id="9D67FD25FFCFFFCF0EE7FB19FC3BCDB5" box="[960,991,1234,1255]" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" type="male">3 ♂</specimenCount>
):
<emphasis id="B915EABEFFCFFFCF0EC8FB19FBD9CDB5" bold="true" box="[1007,1085,1236,1255]" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">
<collectingCountry id="F376763CFFCFFFCF0EC8FB19FBD9CDB5" box="[1007,1085,1236,1255]" name="Ecuador" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" value="Ecuador">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
:
<emphasis id="B915EABEFFCFFFCF0960FB1EFB15CDB4" box="[1095,1265,1235,1254]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">
<collectingRegion id="49A5F84EFFCFFFCF0960FB1EFB08CDB4" box="[1095,1260,1235,1254]" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">Zamora-Chinchipe</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
<locationDeviation id="9A6C2F8EFFCFFFCF09D3FB1EFACCCDB5" box="[1268,1320,1235,1255]" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">km 24</locationDeviation>
<collectingMunicipality id="6BBAACD6FFCFFFCF080BFB1EFA79CDB4" box="[1324,1437,1235,1254]" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">Loja-Zamora</collectingMunicipality>
rd.,
<location id="8EBE6077FFCFFFCF08E7FB19FC71CC52" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C887BAFFCFFFC80D9BFC71FE7FC98A:8EBE6077FFCFFFCF08E7FB19FC71CC52" country="Ecuador" latitude="-3.9883335" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-79.095" municipality="Loja-Zamora" name="San Francisco" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" stateProvince="Zamora-Chinchipe">San Francisco</location>
, casa de
<location id="8EBE6077FFCFFFCF0EC3FB20FBC8CC52" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C887BAFFCFFFC80D9BFC71FE7FC98A:8EBE6077FFCFFFCF0EC3FB20FBC8CC52" box="[996,1068,1261,1280]" country="Ecuador" latitude="-3.9883335" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-79.095" municipality="Loja-Zamora" name="Arcoiris" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" stateProvince="Zamora-Chinchipe">Arcoiris</location>
, [
<geoCoordinate id="EE55506BFFCFFFCF091CFB20FB74CC52" box="[1083,1168,1261,1280]" degrees="3" direction="south" minutes="59" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" precision="15" seconds="18" value="-3.9883335">3°59'18''S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE55506BFFCFFFCF09B4FB20FB1CCC52" box="[1171,1272,1261,1280]" degrees="79" direction="west" minutes="5" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" precision="15" seconds="42" value="-79.095">79°5'42''W</geoCoordinate>
],
<quantity id="4C999B49FFCFFFCF082FFB20FA9ACC52" box="[1288,1406,1261,1280]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.05" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" unit="m" value="2050.0" valueMax="2100.0" valueMin="2000.0">
<elevation id="004CD19FFFCFFFCF082FFB20FA9ACC52" box="[1288,1406,1261,1280]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.05" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" unit="m" value="2050.0" valueMax="2100.0" valueMin="2000.0">2000-2100 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<collectorName id="2694537AFFCFFFCF08A0FB20FC95CC48" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">(Willmott, K. R.</collectorName>
),
<date id="FFDF106CFFCFFFCF0EA6FACAFC0CCC48" box="[897,1000,1287,1306]" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" value="2006-12-03">
<collectingDate id="EF9BE984FFCFFFCF0EA6FACAFC0CCC48" box="[897,1000,1287,1306]" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" value="2006-12-03">3 Dec 2006</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<specimenCount id="9D67FD25FFCFFFCF0ED6FACAFBF6CC48" box="[1009,1042,1285,1306]" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
[
<locationDeviation id="9A6C2F8EFFCFFFCF093AFACAFB1DCC48" box="[1053,1273,1287,1306]" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">FLMNH-MGCL-112632</locationDeviation>
], (
<collectionCode id="ED70AE69FFCFFFCF082AFACAFAB9CC48" box="[1293,1373,1287,1306]" collectionName="FLMNH" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">FLMNH</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B093CF1FFCFFFCF084BFACAFBF4CC1F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4444307319" collectingDate="2009-08-15" collectionCode="MUSM" collectorName="Harris, B." country="Peru" elevation="1970" latitude="-13.116667" location="Rocotal" longLatPrecision="1291" longitude="-71.566666" municipality="Rocotal" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Cuzco">
<emphasis id="B915EABEFFCFFFCF084BFACAFA7CCC48" bold="true" box="[1388,1432,1287,1306]" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">
<collectingCountry id="F376763CFFCFFFCF084BFACAFA7CCC48" box="[1388,1432,1287,1306]" name="Peru" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" value="Peru">Peru</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
:
<emphasis id="B915EABEFFCFFFCF0883FACAFA04CC48" box="[1444,1504,1287,1306]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">
<collectingRegion id="49A5F84EFFCFFFCF0883FACAFA38CC48" box="[1444,1500,1287,1306]" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">Cuzco</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
<collectingMunicipality id="6BBAACD6FFCFFFCF0E67FAEDFC61CC61" box="[832,901,1312,1331]" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">Rocotal</collectingMunicipality>
, [
<geoCoordinate id="EE55506BFFCFFFCF0EB3FAEDFC2FCC61" box="[916,971,1312,1331]" degrees="13" direction="south" minutes="7" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" precision="925" value="-13.116667">13°7'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE55506BFFCFFFCF0EE8FAEDFBC5CC61" box="[975,1057,1312,1331]" degrees="71" direction="west" minutes="34" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" precision="925" value="-71.566666">71°34'W</geoCoordinate>
],
<quantity id="4C999B49FFCFFFCF0916FAEDFB91CC66" box="[1073,1141,1312,1332]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.97" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" unit="m" value="1970.0">
<elevation id="004CD19FFFCFFFCF0916FAEDFB91CC66" box="[1073,1141,1312,1332]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.97" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" unit="m" value="1970.0">1970 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, (
<collectorName id="2694537AFFCFFFCF09A3FAEDFB38CC61" box="[1156,1244,1312,1331]" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">Harris, B.</collectorName>
),
<date id="FFDF106CFFCFFFCF09CAFAEDFA84CC61" box="[1261,1376,1312,1331]" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" value="2009-08-15">
<collectingDate id="EF9BE984FFCFFFCF09CAFAEDFA84CC61" box="[1261,1376,1312,1331]" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" value="2009-08-15">15 Aug 2009</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<specimenCount id="9D67FD25FFCFFFCF084EFAEDFA6ECC66" box="[1385,1418,1311,1332]" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
[MUSM-LEP-101305], (
<collectionCode id="ED70AE69FFCFFFCF0EE3FAF7FBEECC1F" box="[964,1034,1338,1357]" collectionName="Peru, Lima, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Museo de Historia Natural" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">MUSM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B093CF1FFCFFFCF093FFAF7FA7DCC35" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4444307351" collectingDate="1895" collectingDateMax="1896" collectingDateMin="1895" collectionCode="MNHU" collectorName="Garlepp, G." country="Bolivia" elevation="1800" latitude="-14.583333" location="San Antonio" longLatPrecision="1287" longitude="-68.38333" municipality="Yungas" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="La Paz">
<emphasis id="B915EABEFFCFFFCF093FFAF7FBBCCC1F" bold="true" box="[1048,1112,1338,1357]" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">
<collectingCountry id="F376763CFFCFFFCF093FFAF7FBBCCC1F" box="[1048,1112,1338,1357]" name="Bolivia" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" value="Bolivia">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
:
<emphasis id="B915EABEFFCFFFCF0945FAF7FB41CC1E" box="[1122,1189,1338,1356]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">
<collectingRegion id="49A5F84EFFCFFFCF0945FAF7FB44CC1E" box="[1122,1184,1338,1356]" country="Bolivia" name="La Paz" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">La Paz</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
<collectingMunicipality id="6BBAACD6FFCFFFCF098DFAF7FB0FCC1F" box="[1194,1259,1338,1357]" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">Yungas</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8EBE6077FFCFFFCF09D5FAF7FAB8CC1F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C887BAFFCFFFC80D9BFC71FE7FC98A:8EBE6077FFCFFFCF09D5FAF7FAB8CC1F" box="[1266,1372,1338,1357]" country="Bolivia" latitude="-14.583333" longLatPrecision="1287" longitude="-68.38333" municipality="Yungas" name="San Antonio" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" stateProvince="La Paz">San Antonio</location>
[de
<location id="8EBE6077FFCFFFCF08A6FAF7FA3CCC1F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C887BAFFCFFFC80D9BFC71FE7FC98A:8EBE6077FFCFFFCF08A6FAF7FA3CCC1F" box="[1409,1496,1338,1357]" country="Bolivia" latitude="-14.583333" longLatPrecision="1287" longitude="-68.38333" municipality="Yungas" name="Chicalulu" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" stateProvince="La Paz">Chicalulu</location>
], [
<geoCoordinate id="EE55506BFFCFFFCF0E61FA9EFC6DCC34" box="[838,905,1363,1382]" degrees="14" direction="south" minutes="35" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" precision="925" value="-14.583333">14°35'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE55506BFFCFFFCF0EAAFA9EFC3ACC34" box="[909,990,1363,1382]" degrees="68" direction="west" minutes="23" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" precision="925" value="-68.38333">68°23'W</geoCoordinate>
],
<quantity id="4C999B49FFCFFFCF0ECBFA99FBCBCC35" box="[1004,1071,1364,1383]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" unit="m" value="1800.0">
<elevation id="004CD19FFFCFFFCF0ECBFA99FBCBCC35" box="[1004,1071,1364,1383]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" unit="m" value="1800.0">1800 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, (
<collectorName id="2694537AFFCFFFCF091AFA9EFB41CC35" box="[1085,1189,1363,1383]" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">Garlepp, G.</collectorName>
),
<collectingDate id="EF9BE984FFCFFFCF0992FA9EFAF7CC34" box="[1205,1299,1363,1382]" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">
<date id="FFDF106CFFCFFFCF0992FA9EFAF7CC34" box="[1205,1299,1363,1382]" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" value="1895" valueMax="1896" valueMin="1895">1895-1896</date>
</collectingDate>
,
<specimenCount id="9D67FD25FFCFFFCF083BFA99FAD8CC35" box="[1308,1340,1362,1383]" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
, (
<collectionCode id="ED70AE69FFCFFFCF086BFA99FA76CC35" box="[1356,1426,1364,1383]" collectionName="MNHU" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">MNHU</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37B6527FFCFFFCF0E67FA40FA4DCF57" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BDE36ACFFCFFFCF0E67FA40FA4DCF57" blockId="11.[832,1504,1421,1541]" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="B915EABEFFCFFFCF0E67FA40FC5FCCF7" bold="true" box="[832,955,1421,1445]" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">Etymology</emphasis>
: The species name is derived from the English word ‘mocha’, meaning a mixture of coffee and chocolate, in reference to the rich dark brown colors of the ventral surface of this species. It is treated as a feminine noun in apposition.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37B6527FFCFFFC80E67F9E1FE7FC98A" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BDE36ACFFCFFFC80E67F9E1FE7FC98A" blockId="11.[832,1505,1580,1989]" lastBlockId="12.[128,800,128,216]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="B915EABEFFCFFFCF0E67F9E1FB26CF16" bold="true" box="[832,1218,1580,1605]" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">Distribution and natural history:</emphasis>
This species is known to occur from southern Ecuador to Bolivia on the east Andean slopes, between
<quantity id="4C999B49FFCFFFCF0ED1F9A0FBAFCFD6" box="[1014,1099,1645,1669]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" unit="m" value="1800.0">1800 m</quantity>
and
<quantity id="4C999B49FFCFFFCF09A2F9A0FB3ECFD6" box="[1157,1242,1645,1669]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" unit="m" value="2100.0">2100 m</quantity>
elevation (
<figureCitation id="135A2A29FFCFFFCF0870F9A0FA79CFD7" box="[1367,1437,1645,1669]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[129,164,1007,1029]" captionTargetBox="[138,1491,138,997]" captionTargetId="figure-733@8.[129,1495,128,1004]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 6. Distributions of species of Optimandes n. gen.: O. eugenia (left, with inset images of O. e. eugenia, above [photographed by I. Cristóbal Ríos-Málaver], and O. e. transversa, below [photographed by A. F. E. Neild]) and O. mocha n. sp. (right, photographed by K. Kertell)." pageId="11" pageNumber="40">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
). It is very rare in collections as well as in nature; despite collecting for 57 days spread over 7 months and 5 years at the Reserva Arcoiris in southeastern Ecuador, using hand-nets and up to 32 bait-traps, only a single individual was recorded at that site. That individual was collected in a trap baited with rotting fish
<quantity id="4C999B49FFCFFFCF0E67F8E0FC8DCE16" box="[832,873,1837,1861]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" unit="m" value="1.0">1 m</quantity>
above the ground, in tall cloud forest on a steep slope
<emphasis id="B915EABEFFCFFFCF088BF8E0FA5BCE16" box="[1452,1471,1837,1860]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">c.</emphasis>
<quantity id="4C999B49FFCFFFCF08E2F8E1FCB1CE36" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" unit="m" value="50.0">50 m</quantity>
from a stream (Quebrada de las Pavas), on a day of bright sun. The
<typeStatus id="54DA880EFFCFFFCF0E8FF8A0FBE1CED7" box="[936,1029,1901,1925]" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">holotype</typeStatus>
was collected between 11:00 and 14:00 in bright sun at or near the upper Quebrada San Ramón, in wellpreserved cloud forest. Ken Kertell photographed a male (
<figureCitation id="135A2A29FFCFFFC80892F860FF6AC9CA" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[129,164,1007,1029]" captionTargetBox="[138,1491,138,997]" captionTargetId="figure-733@8.[129,1495,128,1004]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 6. Distributions of species of Optimandes n. gen.: O. eugenia (left, with inset images of O. e. eugenia, above [photographed by I. Cristóbal Ríos-Málaver], and O. e. transversa, below [photographed by A. F. E. Neild]) and O. mocha n. sp. (right, photographed by K. Kertell)." lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
) at Rocotal, Cuzco, Peru, at approximately 12:00 on
<date id="FFDF106CFFC8FFC80FF7FF4DFF5CC9EA" pageId="12" pageNumber="41" value="2015-11-17">17 Nov 2015</date>
, feeding on rotting fish bait sprayed onto roadside leaves (Kertell, K., pers. comm.).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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