385 lines
53 KiB
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385 lines
53 KiB
XML
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<emphasis id="B91EEAEC662CFFFEFF68E7CF8796FF09" bold="true" box="[151,389,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Tremaster mirabilis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B0F662CFFFEFE73E7CF843BFF0A" author="Verrill, A. E." box="[396,552,151,177]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="165 - 205" refId="ref64104" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1879) Notice of recent additions to the marine invertebrata of the northeastern coast of America, with descriptions of new genera and species and critical remarks on others. Part I. Annelida, Gephyraea, Nemertina, Nematoda, Polyzoa, Tunicata, Mollusca, Anthozoa, Echinodermata, Porifera. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 2, 165 - 205. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.76.165" type="journal article" year="1879">Verrill, 1879</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B0F662CFFFEFE97E7848431FF4F" author="Verrill, A. E." box="[360,546,220,244]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="165 - 205" refId="ref64104" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1879) Notice of recent additions to the marine invertebrata of the northeastern coast of America, with descriptions of new genera and species and critical remarks on others. Part I. Annelida, Gephyraea, Nemertina, Nematoda, Polyzoa, Tunicata, Mollusca, Anthozoa, Echinodermata, Porifera. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 2, 165 - 205. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.76.165" type="journal article" year="1879">Verrill, 1879: 201</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0ACB10EF662CFFFEFDD1E783848AFF48" author="Verrill, A. E." box="[558,665,219,243]" page="638" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" year="1885">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B0F662CFFFEFDD1E783848AFF48" author="Verrill, A. E." box="[558,665,219,243]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refId="ref64246" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1885) Results of the explorations made by the steamer Albatross off the northern coast of the United States in 1883. Reports of the US Fisheries Commission, 503 - 645 (1 - 142), pls. 10 - 21. [1883] https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 12059" type="book" year="1885">1885: 638</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0ACB10EF662CFFFEFD5AE783851CFF4F" author="Verrill, A. E." box="[677,783,219,244]" page="141" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" year="1895">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B0F662CFFFEFD5AE783851CFF4F" author="Verrill, A. E." box="[677,783,219,244]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="127 - 141" refId="ref64314" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1895) Distribution of the echinoderms of north-eastern America. American Journal of Science, 49, 127 - 141. https: // doi. org / 10.2475 / ajs. s 3 - 49.290.127" type="journal article" year="1895">1895: 141</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0ACB10EF662CFFFEFCE4E78485A4FF4F" author="Dons, C." box="[795,951,220,244]" page="98" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" year="1929">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B0F662CFFFEFCE4E78485A4FF4F" author="Dons, C." box="[795,951,220,244]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="98 - 101" refId="ref57537" refString="Dons, C. (1929) Zoologiske Notisen. 7 Tremaster mirabilis. Kongelige Norske Videnskabers Selskab Foerhandlinger, 11 (27), 98 - 101." type="journal article" year="1929">Dons 1929: 98</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0ACB10EF662CFFFEFC3CE784826BFF4F" author="Blacker, R. W." box="[963,1144,219,244]" page="34" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" year="1957">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B0F662CFFFEFC3CE784826BFF4F" author="Blacker, R. W." box="[963,1144,219,244]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 49" refId="ref55812" refString="Blacker, R. W. (1957) Benthic animals as indicators of hydrographic conditions and climatic change in Svalbard waters Fisheries Investigations of the Ministry of Agriculture of London, 2 (20), 1 - 49, 30 figs." type="journal article" year="1957">Blacker 1957: 34</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0ACB10EF662CFFFEFB7BE784832FFF48" author="Nesis, K. N." box="[1156,1340,219,244]" page="1886" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" year="1960">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B0F662CFFFEFB7BE784832FFF48" author="Nesis, K. N." box="[1156,1340,219,244]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1886 - 1888" refId="ref62069" refString="Nesis, K. N. (1960) On the distribution of the starfish Tremaster mirabili s Verrill. Zoologiechesky Zhurnal, 39, 1886 - 1888, 1 fig .." type="journal article" year="1960">Nesis 1960: 1886</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0ACB10EF662CFFFEFAB7E7848721FEA9" author="Jangoux, M." page="152" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" year="1982">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B0F662CFFFEFAB7E7848721FEA9" author="Jangoux, M." pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="155 - 163" refId="ref58791" refString="Jangoux, M. (1982) On Tremaster Verrill 1878, an odd genus of Recent starfish (Echinodermata: Asteroidea). In: Lawrence, J. M. (Ed.), Echinoderms, Proceedings of the International Echinoderm Conference, Tampa Bay 1981. AA Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 155 - 163." type="book chapter" year="1982">Jangoux 1982: 152</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0ACB10EF662CFFFEFEC0E7A287ECFEA9" author="Leeling, B." box="[319,511,250,274]" page="274" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" year="1984">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B0F662CFFFEFEC0E7A287ECFEA9" author="Leeling, B." box="[319,511,250,274]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="261 - 276" refId="ref59726" refString="Leeling, B. (1984) Zur Morphologie und Systematik der Gattung Tremaster Verrill, 1879 (Echinodermata, Asteroidea) [Translation: The morphology and systematics of the genus Tremaster Verrill, 1879]. Mitteilungen aus dem Naturhistorischen Museum in Hamburg, 81, 261 - 276" type="journal article" year="1984">Leeling 1984: 274</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0ACB10EF662CFFFEFDF3E7A28521FEA9" author="Clark, A. M. & Downey, M. E." box="[524,818,250,275]" page="196" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" year="1992">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B0F662CFFFEFDF3E7A28521FEA9" author="Clark, A. M. & Downey, M. E." box="[524,818,250,275]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refId="ref56430" refString="Clark, A. M. & Downey, M. E. (1992) Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman and Hall, London, 794 pp." type="book" year="1992">Clark & Downey 1992: 196</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0ACB10EF662CFFFEFCC1E7A28238FEA9" author="Branch, M. L. & Jangoux, M. & Alva, V. & Massin, C. L. & Stampanato, S." box="[830,1067,250,274]" page="42" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" year="1993">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B0F662CFFFEFCC1E7A28238FEA9" author="Branch, M. L. & Jangoux, M. & Alva, V. & Massin, C. L. & Stampanato, S." box="[830,1067,250,274]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="37 - 70" refId="ref55894" refString="Branch, M. L., Jangoux, M., Alva, V., Massin, C. L. & Stampanato, S. (1993) The Echinodermata of subantarctic Marion and Prince Edward Islands. South African Journal of Antarctic Research, 23 (1 - 2), 37 - 70." type="journal article" year="1993">
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Branch
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<emphasis id="B91EEAEC662CFFFEFC6FE7A385ACFEA9" box="[912,959,250,274]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">et al</emphasis>
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. 1993: 42
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</bibRefCitation>
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, 64;
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<treatmentCitation id="0ACB10EF662CFFFEFB9FE7A2838BFEA9" author="Clark, H. E. S. & McKnight, D. G." box="[1120,1432,250,274]" page="163" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" year="2001">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B0F662CFFFEFB9FE7A2838BFEA9" author="Clark, H. E. S. & McKnight, D. G." box="[1120,1432,250,274]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 270" refId="ref56717" refString="Clark, H. E. S. & McKnight, D. G. (2001) The Marine Fauna of New Zealand: Echinodermata: Asteroidea (sea - stars), Order Valvatida. NIWA Biodiversity Memoir, 117, 1 - 270." type="journal article" year="2001">Clark & McKnight 2001: 163</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0ACB10EF662CFFFEFF38E6418415FE8A" author="O'Loughlin, P. M. & Waters, J. M." box="[199,518,281,305]" page="36" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" year="2004">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B0F662CFFFEFF38E6418415FE8A" author="O'Loughlin, P. M. & Waters, J. M." box="[199,518,281,305]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 40" refId="ref62280" refString="O'Loughlin, P. M. & Waters, J. M. (2004) A molecular and morphological revision of genera of Asterinidae (Echinoderamta: Asteroidea). Memoirs of Museum Victoria, 61 (1), 1 - 40. https: // doi. org / 10.24199 / j. mmv. 2004.61.1" type="journal article" year="2004">O’Loughlin & Waters 2004: 36</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0ACB10EF662CFFFEFDEEE6418541FE8A" author="Stampanato, S. & Jangoux, M." box="[529,850,281,305]" page="4" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" year="2004">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B0F662CFFFEFDEEE6418541FE8A" author="Stampanato, S. & Jangoux, M." box="[529,850,281,305]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref63713" refString="Stampanato, S. & Jangoux, M. (2004) The asteroid fauna (Echinodermata) of Marion and Prince Edward Islands. Annals of the South African Museum, 112 (1), 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="2004">Stampanato & Jangoux 2004: 4</bibRefCitation>
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<treatmentCitation id="0ACB10EF662CFFFEFCA2E6418234FE8A" author="Gale, K. S. P. & Hamel, J. - F. & Mercier, A." box="[861,1063,281,305]" page="32" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" year="2013">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B0F662CFFFEFCA2E6418234FE8A" author="Gale, K. S. P. & Hamel, J. - F. & Mercier, A." box="[861,1063,281,305]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="25 - 36" refId="ref58228" refString="Gale, K. S. P., Hamel, J. - F. & Mercier, A. (2013) Trophic ecology of deep-sea Asteroidea (Echinodermata) from eastern Canada. Deep-Sea Research, Part I, 80, 25 - 36. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. dsr. 2013.05.016" type="journal article" year="2013">
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Gale
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<emphasis id="B91EEAEC662CFFFEFC6DE64285D5FE8A" box="[914,966,281,305]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">et al.</emphasis>
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2013: 32
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, 33, 35;
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<treatmentCitation id="0ACB10EF662CFFFEFB82E641838BFE8A" author="Clark, M. R. & Bowden, D. A." box="[1149,1432,281,305]" page="169" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" year="2015">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B0F662CFFFEFB82E641838BFE8A" author="Clark, M. R. & Bowden, D. A." box="[1149,1432,281,305]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="161 - 180" refId="ref56993" refString="Clark, M. R. & Bowden, D. A. (2015) Seamount biodiversity: high variability both within and between seamounts in the Ross Sea region of Antarctica. Hydrobiologia, 761, 161 - 180. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10750 - 015 - 2327 - 9" type="journal article" year="2015">Clark & Bowden 2015: 169</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, 171;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ACB10EF662CFFFEFF04E6608428FEF4" author="Ringvold, H. & Andersen, T." box="[251,571,311,336]" page="25" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" year="2016">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B0F662CFFFEFF04E6608428FEF4" author="Ringvold, H. & Andersen, T." box="[251,571,311,336]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="22 - 30" refId="ref62762" refString="Ringvold, H. & Andersen, T. (2016) Starfish (Asteroidea, Echinodermata) from the Faroe Islands; spatial distribution and abundance. Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, 107, 22 - 30. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. dsr. 2015.09.004" type="journal article" year="2016">Ringvold & Andersen 2016: 25</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD536FE662CFFFEFF68E60F8456FED5" blockId="29.[151,1436,151,428]" box="[151,581,342,366]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7A11D0662CFFFEFF68E60F8456FED5" box="[151,581,342,366]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ACB10EF662CFFFEFF68E60F8452FED5" author="Clark, H. L." box="[151,577,342,366]" page="55" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" year="1941">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D662CFFFEFF68E60F8452FED5" ID-CoL="58334" authority="H. L. Clark, 1941: 53 - 55" authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityPageNumber="53 - 55" authorityYear="1941" box="[151,577,342,366]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Tremaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="laevis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC662CFFFEFF68E60F872DFED5" box="[151,318,342,366]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Tremaster laevis</emphasis>
|
||
H.L.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B0F662CFFFEFE85E60E8452FED5" author="Clark, H. L." box="[378,577,342,366]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 154" refId="ref56893" refString="Clark, H. L. (1941) Reports on the scientific results of the Atlantis expeditions to the West Indies, under the joint auspices of the University of Havana and Harvard University. The Echinoderms (other than holothurians). Memorias de la Sociedad Cubana de Historia Natural, 15 (1), 1 - 154, 10 pls." type="journal article" year="1941">Clark, 1941: 53–55</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD536FE662CFFFEFF68E62E8567FE36" blockId="29.[151,1436,151,428]" box="[151,884,373,397]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7A11D0662CFFFEFF68E62E8567FE36" box="[151,884,373,397]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ACB10EF662CFFFEFF68E62E8497FE36" author="Jangoux, M." box="[151,644,373,397]" page="152" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" year="1982">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D662CFFFEFF68E62E8497FE36" authority="Jangoux, 1982: 152" authorityName="Jangoux" authorityPageNumber="152" authorityYear="1982" box="[151,644,373,397]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Tremaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="novaecaledoneae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC662CFFFEFF68E62E87A0FE36" box="[151,435,373,397]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Tremaster novaecaledoneae</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B0F662CFFFEFE45E62D8497FE36" author="Jangoux, M." box="[442,644,373,397]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="155 - 163" refId="ref58791" refString="Jangoux, M. (1982) On Tremaster Verrill 1878, an odd genus of Recent starfish (Echinodermata: Asteroidea). In: Lawrence, J. M. (Ed.), Echinoderms, Proceedings of the International Echinoderm Conference, Tampa Bay 1981. AA Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 155 - 163." type="book chapter" year="1982">Jangoux, 1982: 152</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
; A.M.
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ACB10EF662CFFFEFD37E62D8563FE36" author="Clark, A. M." box="[712,880,373,397]" page="228" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" year="1993">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B0F662CFFFEFD37E62D8563FE36" author="Clark, A. M." box="[712,880,373,397]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="187 - 366" refId="ref56339" refString="Clark, A. M. (1993) An index of names of recent Asteroidea. Part 2. Valvatida. E chinoderm Studies, 4, 187 - 366. https: // doi. org / 10.1201 / 9781003072553 - 4" type="journal article" year="1993">Clark 1993: 228</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD536FE662CFFFEFF68E6CC84CFFE17" blockId="29.[151,1436,151,428]" box="[151,732,404,428]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7A11D0662CFFFEFF68E6CC84CFFE17" box="[151,732,404,428]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ACB10EF662CFFFEFF68E6CC84CBFE17" author="Leeling, B." box="[151,728,404,428]" page="274" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" year="1984">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D662CFFFEFF68E6CC84CBFE17" authority="Leeling 1984: 274" authorityName="Leeling" authorityPageNumber="274" authorityYear="1984" box="[151,728,404,428]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Tremaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subSpecies" species="mirabilis" subSpecies="novaecaledoneae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC662CFFFEFF68E6CC8406FE17" box="[151,533,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Tremaster mirabilis novaecaledoneae</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B0F662CFFFEFDE4E6CC84CBFE17" author="Leeling, B." box="[539,728,404,428]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="261 - 276" refId="ref59726" refString="Leeling, B. (1984) Zur Morphologie und Systematik der Gattung Tremaster Verrill, 1879 (Echinodermata, Asteroidea) [Translation: The morphology and systematics of the genus Tremaster Verrill, 1879]. Mitteilungen aus dem Naturhistorischen Museum in Hamburg, 81, 261 - 276" type="journal article" year="1984">Leeling 1984: 274</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3706575662CFFFEFF68E681822EFD4B" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD536FE662CFFFEFF68E6818719FE48" blockId="29.[151,1436,473,752]" box="[151,266,473,499]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC662CFFFEFF68E6818719FE48" bold="true" box="[151,266,473,499]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD536FE662CFFFEFF38E6A6822EFD4B" blockId="29.[151,1436,473,752]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
Body pentagonal to sub pentagonal, strongly arched. Arms five, short, confluent with disk. Abactinal plates imbricate, with variable accessories ranging from large conical to small granuliform spinelets (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13512A7B662CFFFEFB42E57A8325FD87" box="[1213,1334,546,572]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1874,1898]" captionTargetBox="[180,1408,181,1850]" captionTargetId="figure-28@30.[180,1408,181,1850]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 9. Tremaster mirabilis. USNM E46295 A. USNM E46295 Abactinal surface. B. USNM E46295, Abactinal surfacelateral view. C. USNM E46295, Closeup of actinal surface. D. USNM 1116295, view of disk dissected, surface removed showing interradial chambers. E. Tremaster mirabilis, X-ray of MNHN IE-2006-806 (Kerguelen Island). F. Tremaster mirabilis, USNM E37444, Cutaway view of near-oral surface showing interradial chambers which open to openings on interradial actinal surface." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8090266" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8090266/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 9A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Actinal spines single, tall, slender, and spatulate. Marginal plates imbricate, indistinct on lateral surface. Actinal plates in oblique transverse series, each with a large, single spine. Four rows of tube feet. Superambulacral, superactinal plates absent. Interradius very wide, thin, supported by interior distal keels on actinal plates meeting abactinal plates. Five plated ducts forming distinct channel between abactinal and actinal interradial openings (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13512A7B662CFFFEFACDE5EA839CFD77" box="[1330,1423,690,716]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1874,1898]" captionTargetBox="[180,1408,181,1850]" captionTargetId="figure-28@30.[180,1408,181,1850]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 9. Tremaster mirabilis. USNM E46295 A. USNM E46295 Abactinal surface. B. USNM E46295, Abactinal surfacelateral view. C. USNM E46295, Closeup of actinal surface. D. USNM 1116295, view of disk dissected, surface removed showing interradial chambers. E. Tremaster mirabilis, X-ray of MNHN IE-2006-806 (Kerguelen Island). F. Tremaster mirabilis, USNM E37444, Cutaway view of near-oral surface showing interradial chambers which open to openings on interradial actinal surface." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8090266" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8090266/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 9D</figureCitation>
|
||
). (Emended, based primarily on
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B0F662CFFFEFE0EE58E853AFD4B" author="O'Loughlin, P. M. & Waters, J. M." box="[497,809,726,752]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 40" refId="ref62280" refString="O'Loughlin, P. M. & Waters, J. M. (2004) A molecular and morphological revision of genera of Asterinidae (Echinoderamta: Asteroidea). Memoirs of Museum Victoria, 61 (1), 1 - 40. https: // doi. org / 10.24199 / j. mmv. 2004.61.1" type="journal article" year="2004">O’Loughlin & Waters 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B0F662CFFFEFCCBE58E8227FD4B" author="Clark, A. M. & Downey, M. E." box="[820,1076,726,752]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refId="ref56430" refString="Clark, A. M. & Downey, M. E. (1992) Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman and Hall, London, 794 pp." type="book" year="1992">Clark & Downey 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3706575662CFFFCFF68E4458243FEA6" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD536FE662CFFFEFF68E445870BFC8C" blockId="29.[151,1437,797,1364]" box="[151,280,797,823]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC662CFFFEFF68E445870BFC8C" bold="true" box="[151,280,797,823]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Comments</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD536FE662CFFFEFF38E41A8255FB8F" blockId="29.[151,1437,797,1364]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
Further occurrence records here add to our knowledge of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D662CFFFEFCB0E41B823FFCE7" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1879" box="[847,1068,834,860]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Tremaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="mirabilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC662CFFFEFCB0E41B823FFCE7" box="[847,1068,834,860]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Tremaster mirabilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at high-latitudes. They had been previously documented from Kerguelen and Branch Island (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B0F662CFFFEFCABE43E85EAFC3B" author="Jangoux, M." box="[852,1017,870,896]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="155 - 163" refId="ref58791" refString="Jangoux, M. (1982) On Tremaster Verrill 1878, an odd genus of Recent starfish (Echinodermata: Asteroidea). In: Lawrence, J. M. (Ed.), Echinoderms, Proceedings of the International Echinoderm Conference, Tampa Bay 1981. AA Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 155 - 163." type="book chapter" year="1982">Jangoux 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B0F662CFFFEFBF6E43E82F4FC3B" author="Branch, M. L. & Jangoux, M. & Alva, V. & Massin, C. L. & Stampanato, S." box="[1033,1255,870,896]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="37 - 70" refId="ref55894" refString="Branch, M. L., Jangoux, M., Alva, V., Massin, C. L. & Stampanato, S. (1993) The Echinodermata of subantarctic Marion and Prince Edward Islands. South African Journal of Antarctic Research, 23 (1 - 2), 37 - 70." type="journal article" year="1993">
|
||
Branch
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC662CFFFEFB9AE43F8289FC3B" box="[1125,1178,870,896]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1993
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B0F662CFFFEFB08E43E8724FC1F" author="Stampanato, S. & Jangoux, M." pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="175 - 184" refId="ref63654" refString="Stampanato, S. & Jangoux, M. (1993) Les asterides (Echinodermata) de la Baie Breid (Cote de la Princesse Ragnhild, quartier Enderby, Antarctique), avec la description d'une nouvelle espece de Solaster. Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, 63, 175 - 184." type="journal article" year="1993">Stampanato & Jangoux 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), the Ross Sea (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B0F662CFFFEFE12E4D284E7FC1E" author="Clark, M. R. & Bowden, D. A." box="[493,756,906,933]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="161 - 180" refId="ref56993" refString="Clark, M. R. & Bowden, D. A. (2015) Seamount biodiversity: high variability both within and between seamounts in the Ross Sea region of Antarctica. Hydrobiologia, 761, 161 - 180. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10750 - 015 - 2327 - 9" type="journal article" year="2015">Clark & Bowden 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), the South Pacific (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B0F662CFFFEFC26E4D2826AFC1F" author="Jangoux, M." box="[985,1145,906,932]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="155 - 163" refId="ref58791" refString="Jangoux, M. (1982) On Tremaster Verrill 1878, an odd genus of Recent starfish (Echinodermata: Asteroidea). In: Lawrence, J. M. (Ed.), Echinoderms, Proceedings of the International Echinoderm Conference, Tampa Bay 1981. AA Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 155 - 163." type="book chapter" year="1982">Jangoux 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and now from the South Atlantic (Scotia Sea), although none seem to be from the Southern Ocean itself. Distribution of this species is widespread, more so than was documented by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B0F662CFFFEFD68E48A8557FC57" author="Jangoux, M." box="[663,836,978,1004]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="155 - 163" refId="ref58791" refString="Jangoux, M. (1982) On Tremaster Verrill 1878, an odd genus of Recent starfish (Echinodermata: Asteroidea). In: Lawrence, J. M. (Ed.), Echinoderms, Proceedings of the International Echinoderm Conference, Tampa Bay 1981. AA Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 155 - 163." type="book chapter" year="1982">Jangoux (1982)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
or
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B0F662CFFFEFC98E48A8267FC57" author="Clark, A. M. & Downey, M. E." box="[871,1140,978,1004]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refId="ref56430" refString="Clark, A. M. & Downey, M. E. (1992) Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman and Hall, London, 794 pp." type="book" year="1992">Clark & Downey (1992)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
with NOAA ship
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D662CFFFEFAC5E48A86E9FBAB" authority="Explorer" authorityName="Explorer" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Okeanos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC662CFFFEFAC5E48A86E9FBAB" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Okeanos Explorer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
observations and other records showing this species from deep-sea settings throughout the tropical Pacific and the Southern Indian Ocean in addition to the Atlantic (Mah, MS in preparation).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD536FE662CFFFEFF38E36682D2FAB6" blockId="29.[151,1437,797,1364]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
Although the presence of a widespread single morphospecies is not unique within the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D662CFFFEFB72E366831AFBE3" baseAuthorityName="Mah & Blake" baseAuthorityYear="2012" box="[1165,1289,1086,1112]" class="Asteroidea" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="class">Asteroidea</taxonomicName>
|
||
, it is unusual for a species which occurs at the relatively “shallow” depths that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D662CFFFEFC86E33B8245FBC7" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1879" box="[889,1110,1122,1148]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Tremaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="mirabilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC662CFFFEFC86E33B8245FBC7" box="[889,1110,1122,1148]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Tremaster mirabilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
inhabits (
|
||
<quantity id="4C929B1B662CFFFEFB3AE33A834BFBC7" box="[1221,1368,1122,1149]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="10.5" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="m" value="600.0" valueMax="1050.0" valueMin="150.0">150–1050 m</quantity>
|
||
). Few other species are known with this distribution pattern.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D662CFFFEFCE5E3DF820DFB1B" baseAuthorityName="Parelius" baseAuthorityYear="1768" box="[794,1054,1158,1184]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Hippasteria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="phrygiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC662CFFFEFCE5E3DF820DFB1B" box="[794,1054,1158,1184]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Hippasteria phrygiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was revealed through molecular phylogenetic to be a wide-ranging single species in the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian Oceans (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B0F662CFFFEFB5FE3F2834EFB7F" author="Foltz, D. & Fatland, S. & Eleaume, M. & Markello, K. & Howell, K. & Neil, K. & Mah, C." box="[1184,1373,1194,1220]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1285 - 1296" refId="ref57921" refString="Foltz, D., Fatland, S., Eleaume, M., Markello, K., Howell, K., Neil, K. & Mah, C. (2013) Global population divergence of the sea star Hippasteria phrygiana corresponds to onset of the last glacial period of the Pleistocene. Marine Biology, 160 (5), 1285 - 1296. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00227 - 013 - 2180 - 1" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Foltz
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC662CFFFEFB1CE3F38308FB7F" box="[1251,1307,1194,1220]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Mah
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC662CFFFEFF68E39786C3FB53" box="[151,208,1230,1256]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2014) at a comparable depth. Other species with this apparent pattern tend to occur in cosmopolitan deep-sea bathyal or abyssal habitats, including several taxa within the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D662CFFFEFCBDE3AA82D2FAB6" authority="(Madsen 1955)" baseAuthorityName="Madsen" baseAuthorityYear="1955" box="[834,1217,1266,1293]" class="Asteroidea" family="Porcellanasteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">
|
||
Porcellanasteridae (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B0F662CFFFEFBE1E3AA82ABFAB6" author="Madsen, F. J." box="[1054,1208,1266,1293]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 17" refId="ref59977" refString="Madsen, F. J. (1955) Echinoderms other than holothurians collected in sub-Antarctic and Antarctic Seas, mainly by the Norvegia- Expeditions 1928 - 1930. Scientific Results of the Norwegian Antarctic Expeditions 1927 - 1928, 37, 1 - 17." type="journal article" year="1955">Madsen 1955</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD536FE662CFFFEFF38E24E87EAFAEF" blockId="29.[151,1437,797,1364]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
North Atlantic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D662CFFFEFE91E24F8458FA8B" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1879" box="[366,587,1302,1328]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Tremaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="mirabilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC662CFFFEFE91E24F8458FA8B" box="[366,587,1302,1328]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Tremaster mirabilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been observed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D662CFFFEFCCBE24F856AFA8B" box="[820,889,1303,1328]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Nemichthyidae" genus="Investigator" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="29" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="situ">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC662CFFFEFCCBE24F856AFA8B" box="[820,889,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">in situ</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
feeding on the gorgonian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D662CFFFEFB61E24E8736FAEF" authority="Verrill, 1878" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1878" class="Anthozoa" family="Acanthogorgiidae" genus="Acanthogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="armata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC662CFFFEFB61E24E838FFA8B" box="[1182,1436,1302,1328]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Acanthogorgia armata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B0F662CFFFEFF68E2628736FAEF" author="Verrill, A. E." box="[151,293,1338,1364]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="91 - 96" refId="ref64036" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1878) Art. XX. Notice of recent additions to the marine fauna of the eastern coast of North America. No. 1. American Journal of Science and Arts, Series 3, 16, 91 - 96 + 207 - 215. https: // doi. org / 10.2475 / ajs. s 3 - 16.93.207" type="journal article" year="1878">Verrill, 1878</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B0F662CFFFEFECCE26287FEFAEF" author="Gale, K. S. P. & Hamel, J. - F. & Mercier, A." box="[307,493,1338,1364]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="25 - 36" refId="ref58228" refString="Gale, K. S. P., Hamel, J. - F. & Mercier, A. (2013) Trophic ecology of deep-sea Asteroidea (Echinodermata) from eastern Canada. Deep-Sea Research, Part I, 80, 25 - 36. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. dsr. 2013.05.016" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Gale
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC662CFFFEFE8EE26387BAFAEF" box="[369,425,1338,1364]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD536FE662CFFFEFF68E2D9844EFA27" blockId="29.[151,1437,1409,1940]" box="[151,605,1409,1436]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC662CFFFEFF68E2D9844EFA27" bold="true" box="[151,605,1409,1436]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
Marginal plates in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D662CFFFEFE85E2DA844EFA27" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1879" box="[378,605,1409,1436]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Tremaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="mirabilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC662CFFFEFE85E2DA844EFA27" bold="true" box="[378,605,1409,1436]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Tremaster mirabilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD536FE662CFFFEFF38E2FE8573F82F" blockId="29.[151,1437,1409,1940]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
The identification of marginal plates in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D662CFFFEFD73E2FF8579FA7B" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1879" box="[652,874,1446,1472]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Tremaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="mirabilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC662CFFFEFD73E2FF8579FA7B" box="[652,874,1446,1472]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Tremaster mirabilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has not met with full agreement. Marginal plates were not clearly identified in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B0F662CFFFEFE0FE292848CFA5F" author="Verrill, A. E." box="[496,671,1482,1508]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="165 - 205" refId="ref64104" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1879) Notice of recent additions to the marine invertebrata of the northeastern coast of America, with descriptions of new genera and species and critical remarks on others. Part I. Annelida, Gephyraea, Nemertina, Nematoda, Polyzoa, Tunicata, Mollusca, Anthozoa, Echinodermata, Porifera. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 2, 165 - 205. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.76.165" type="journal article" year="1879">Verrill’s (1879)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
original description. H.L.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B0F662CFFFEFC2BE2928269FA5F" author="Clark, H. L." box="[980,1146,1482,1508]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 154" refId="ref56893" refString="Clark, H. L. (1941) Reports on the scientific results of the Atlantis expeditions to the West Indies, under the joint auspices of the University of Havana and Harvard University. The Echinoderms (other than holothurians). Memorias de la Sociedad Cubana de Historia Natural, 15 (1), 1 - 154, 10 pls." type="journal article" year="1941">Clark’s (1941)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D662CFFFEFAD3E29386CBF9B3" authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1941" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Tremaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="laevis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC662CFFFEFAD3E29386CBF9B3" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Tremaster laevis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D662CFFFEFE6EE2B7847CF9B3" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1879" box="[401,623,1518,1544]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Tremaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="mirabilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC662CFFFEFE6EE2B7847CF9B3" box="[401,623,1518,1544]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Tremaster mirabilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) described marginal plates as spine-bearing but without designation of upper or lower series.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B0F662CFFFEFE6FE14A8464F996" author="Jangoux, M." box="[400,631,1554,1581]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="155 - 163" refId="ref58791" refString="Jangoux, M. (1982) On Tremaster Verrill 1878, an odd genus of Recent starfish (Echinodermata: Asteroidea). In: Lawrence, J. M. (Ed.), Echinoderms, Proceedings of the International Echinoderm Conference, Tampa Bay 1981. AA Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 155 - 163." type="book chapter" year="1982">Jangoux (1982: 157)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
identified superomarginal plates as the outermost and smallest plates of the interradial abactinal columns which alternate in position along the lateral edge with the superomarginals.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B0F662CFFFEFAA1E16E87B0F9CE" author="Clark, A. M. & Downey, M. E." pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refId="ref56430" refString="Clark, A. M. & Downey, M. E. (1992) Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman and Hall, London, 794 pp." type="book" year="1992">Clark & Downey (1992: 195)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
loosely followed H.L.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B0F662CFFFEFD51E1028541F9CF" author="Clark, H. L." box="[686,850,1626,1652]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 154" refId="ref56893" refString="Clark, H. L. (1941) Reports on the scientific results of the Atlantis expeditions to the West Indies, under the joint auspices of the University of Havana and Harvard University. The Echinoderms (other than holothurians). Memorias de la Sociedad Cubana de Historia Natural, 15 (1), 1 - 154, 10 pls." type="journal article" year="1941">Clark’s (1941)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
account and omitted a description or interpretation of superomarginals, stating only that inferomarginals were present, that they were very small and that they formed the actinolateral margin and were characterized by the short, papilliform single spinelets.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B0F662CFFFEFB5DE1FA8718F95B" author="O'Loughlin, P. M. & Waters, J. M." pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 40" refId="ref62280" refString="O'Loughlin, P. M. & Waters, J. M. (2004) A molecular and morphological revision of genera of Asterinidae (Echinoderamta: Asteroidea). Memoirs of Museum Victoria, 61 (1), 1 - 40. https: // doi. org / 10.24199 / j. mmv. 2004.61.1" type="journal article" year="2004">O’Loughlin & Waters (2004: 37)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
stated that the superomarginal plate series was absent, and that the actinal margin around the body’s edge was formed by a projecting series of inferomarginal plates. This margin was described as “fragile and frequently broken off.” Application of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B0F662CFFFEFE2DE056846BF893" author="Blake, D. B." box="[466,632,1806,1832]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="234 - 241" refId="ref55856" refString="Blake, D. B. (1978) The taxonomic position of the modern sea-star Cistina Gray, 1840. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 91 (1), 234 - 241." type="journal article" year="1978">Blake’s (1978)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
criterion of recognizing marginal plates around the body ambitus from the terminal plate to the interradius permitted identification of a superomarginal and inferomarginal series.Although this was consistent with
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B0F662CFFFEFE5BE00E8476F8CB" author="Jangoux, M." box="[420,613,1878,1904]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="155 - 163" refId="ref58791" refString="Jangoux, M. (1982) On Tremaster Verrill 1878, an odd genus of Recent starfish (Echinodermata: Asteroidea). In: Lawrence, J. M. (Ed.), Echinoderms, Proceedings of the International Echinoderm Conference, Tampa Bay 1981. AA Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 155 - 163." type="book chapter" year="1982">Jangoux’s (1982)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
placement of superomarginal and inferomarginal plate series further work is necessary to clearly recognize marginal plates in this species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF156676662FFFFDFF68E00A86FBF841" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8090266" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8090266" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8090266/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" startId="30.[151,250,1874,1898]" targetBox="[180,1408,181,1850]" targetPageId="30" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD536FE662FFFFDFF68E00A86FBF841" blockId="30.[151,1437,1873,2042]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC662FFFFDFF68E00A87FEF8D2" bold="true" box="[151,493,1873,1898]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
FIGURE 9.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC662FFFFDFEE6E00A87FEF8D2" bold="true" box="[281,493,1873,1897]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D662FFFFDFEE6E00A87FAF8D2" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1879" box="[281,489,1873,1897]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Tremaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="mirabilis">Tremaster mirabilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
USNM E46295
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC662FFFFDFD67E00A84A2F8D1" bold="true" box="[664,689,1874,1898]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">A.</emphasis>
|
||
USNM E46295 Abactinal surface.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC662FFFFDFBE6E00A8223F8D1" bold="true" box="[1049,1072,1874,1898]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">B.</emphasis>
|
||
USNM E46295, Abactinal surfacelateral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC662FFFFDFEDFE02E872AF835" bold="true" box="[288,313,1910,1934]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">C.</emphasis>
|
||
USNM E46295, Closeup of actinal surface.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC662FFFFDFCE7E02E8522F835" bold="true" box="[792,817,1910,1934]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">D.</emphasis>
|
||
USNM 1116295, view of disk dissected, surface removed showing interradial chambers.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC662FFFFDFE33E0C287F0F809" bold="true" box="[460,483,1946,1970]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">E.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC662FFFFDFE17E0C384A6F809" box="[488,693,1946,1970]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D662FFFFDFE17E0C384A2F809" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1879" box="[488,689,1946,1970]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Tremaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="mirabilis">Tremaster mirabilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
X-ray of MNHN IE-2006-806 (Kerguelen Island).
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC662FFFFDFB48E0C282D9F809" bold="true" box="[1207,1226,1946,1970]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">F.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D662FFFFDFB30E0C386E5F86D" authority=", USNM E" authorityName="USNM E" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Tremaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="mirabilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC662FFFFDFB30E0C3838FF809" box="[1231,1436,1946,1970]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Tremaster mirabilis,</emphasis>
|
||
USNM E
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
37444, Cutaway view of near-oral surface showing interradial chambers which open to openings on interradial actinal surface.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD536FE662EFFFCFF68E7CE8731FF0B" blockId="31.[151,1437,150,285]" box="[151,290,150,176]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC662EFFFCFF68E7CE8731FF0B" bold="true" box="[151,290,150,176]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Occurrence</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD536FE662EFFFCFF38E7E28243FEA6" blockId="31.[151,1437,150,285]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC662EFFFCFF38E7E287E1FF6F" bold="true" box="[199,498,186,212]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Antarctic/High-Latitude.</emphasis>
|
||
Ross Sea, Kerguelen and Marion Island,
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC662EFFFCFC3FE7E28317FF43" bold="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
Tristan de
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37D766E662EFFFCFBBFE7E2838EFF6F" box="[1088,1437,186,212]" isEnumeration="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Cunha, South Georgia Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Scotia Sea), Scott Island Bank (South Pacific), Cape Horn,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BB1AC84662EFFFCFC8FE7868228FF43" box="[880,1083,222,248]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Tierra del Fuego</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62B44E72662EFFFCFBB3E78682EEFF43" box="[1100,1277,222,248]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">South Atlantic</collectingCounty>
|
||
)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<quantity id="4C929B1B662EFFFCFAEAE786838BFF42" box="[1301,1432,222,249]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.585" metricValueMax="4.9399999999999995" metricValueMin="2.23" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="m" value="358.5" valueMax="494.0" valueMin="223.0">
|
||
<elevation id="0047D1CD662EFFFCFAEAE786838BFF42" box="[1301,1432,222,249]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.585" metricValueMax="4.9399999999999995" metricValueMin="2.23" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="m" value="358.5" valueMax="494.0" valueMin="223.0">223–494 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
. Also throughout
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC662EFFFCFEAAE65A84C4FEA7" bold="true" box="[341,727,258,284]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
the
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BB1AC84662EFFFCFE7FE65A87F3FEA7" box="[384,480,258,284]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Atlantic</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
and tropical Pacific.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Broad depth range:
|
||
<quantity id="4C929B1B662EFFFCFC43E65A825FFEA6" box="[956,1100,258,285]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.05" metricValueMax="10.6" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="m" value="605.0" valueMax="1060.0" valueMin="150.0">
|
||
<elevation id="0047D1CD662EFFFCFC43E65A825FFEA6" box="[956,1100,258,285]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.05" metricValueMax="10.6" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="m" value="605.0" valueMax="1060.0" valueMin="150.0">150–1060 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |