350 lines
37 KiB
XML
350 lines
37 KiB
XML
<document id="66A77E4F2F96CD69015811230DEB89E6" ID-CLB-Dataset="9505" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222933.2020.1747654" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2e0de6ff-c2b8-4115-a034-70f80e8f254d" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4290415" ID-ZooBank="324E4AF7-3032-4573-98AC-CABAE316F33E" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1606310908107" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Noyes, John S. & Higashiura, Yoshimitsu" docDate="2020" docId="03C387B2FFC2FFD5FE14FC87FD7E400F" docLanguage="en" docName="JNATHIST.54.9-12.665-679.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 54 (9)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:485A7191CD41D6261F41521A3380DC73.9:JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.1cover" docStyleId="485A7191CD41D6261F41521A3380DC73" docStyleName="JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.1cover" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Astymachus japonicus Howard" docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="677" masterDocId="FFFAFFCAFFCEFFD8FFD1FF81FFDC4338" masterDocTitle="The species of Astymachus Howard (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) ı potentially important parasitoids of Aclerdidae (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with grasses (Poaceae) ı with descriptions of three new species" masterLastPageNumber="679" masterPageNumber="665" pageNumber="676" updateTime="1698846544178" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="CB6BE31AACE34EECF52BAD6FEE136D84">
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<mods:title id="ADFF0FE9B60A73556A22F141180B1B13">The species of Astymachus Howard (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) ı potentially important parasitoids of Aclerdidae (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with grasses (Poaceae) ı with descriptions of three new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="087C50670E67B66C4678404DFFEDD79D">Noyes, John S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="1DFCBF185392C68C570E82F9514FE1D2" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="3AC02D40990B55DC6FF55B1EFD18BE5C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="5F6B0BCAA18E38541AB58669A3C59B86">Higashiura, Yoshimitsu</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="6A0762D1D952764828D063BCE6C4C6D9">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="831610D96026329B48355998FC16F810">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="B24E618CBB7317E31F90BFEE50376F58">
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<mods:date id="05E569B42B3C0EB40E4315D435EA8767">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="B0EC5715EB4E7A65E6C67C8E05802EF1">2020-09-23</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="0B9B57D35A0CF2120258F19E7D5621A8" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="61093D2C0F7C08550ADC983D49C12D6E">54</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="0AE0456D7D58D9131E3F06FBDA225E90">665</mods:start>
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<mods:identifier id="9A0AE9FB3F011D3F8A38606FA9B74C81" type="DOI">10.1080/00222933.2020.1747654</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03C387B2FFC2FFD5FE14FC87FD7E400F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4330532" ID-GBIF-Taxon="170529774" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4330532" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C387B2FFC2FFD5FE14FC87FD7E400F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C387B2FFC2FFD5FE14FC87FD7E400F" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="677" pageId="12" pageNumber="676">
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<subSubSection id="C370652FFFC2FFD4FE14FC87FC824027" box="[453,862,773,799]" pageId="12" pageNumber="676" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD536A4FFC2FFD4FE14FC87FC824027" blockId="12.[453,862,773,833]" box="[453,862,773,799]" pageId="12" pageNumber="676">
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<heading id="D09D81C8FFC2FFD4FE14FC87FC824027" box="[453,862,773,799]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="676" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="B91EEAB6FFC2FFD4FE14FC87FC824027" bold="true" box="[453,862,773,799]" pageId="12" pageNumber="676">
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8.
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<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D27FFC2FFD4FE35FC84FC824027" ID-CoL="J64X" authority="Howard" authorityName="Howard" box="[484,862,773,799]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Astymachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="676" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonicus">
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<emphasis id="B91EEAB6FFC2FFD4FE35FC84FD2F4026" bold="true" box="[484,755,773,798]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="676">Astymachus japonicus</emphasis>
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Howard
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C370652FFFC2FFD4FDECFCA9FD3A4079" box="[573,742,808,833]" pageId="12" pageNumber="676" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BD536A4FFC2FFD4FDECFCA9FD3A4079" blockId="12.[453,862,773,833]" box="[573,742,808,833]" pageId="12" pageNumber="676">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13512A21FFC2FFD4FD94FCA9FD034079" box="[581,735,808,833]" captionStart="Figures 3" captionStartId="11.[160,235,1592,1615]" captionTargetBox="[166,1151,152,1559]" captionTargetId="figure-1@11.[163,1153,142,1561]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figures 3. Astymachus phragmitis Trjapitzin: (a) antenna ♂; (b) fore wing; (c) apex of fore wing venation. Astymachus japonicus Howard: (d) head; (e) antenna ♀; (f) antenna ♂; (g) apex of fore wing venation; (h) fore wing. Astymachus srilankae sp. nov. (holotype):(i) head; (j) antenna ♀; (k) antenna ♂; (l) fore wing; (m) apex of fore wing venation." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4290427" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4290427/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="676">
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Figures 3d
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<emphasis id="B91EEAB6FFC2FFD4FD10FCA9FD134079" box="[705,719,808,833]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="676">–</emphasis>
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h
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</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C370652FFFC2FFD4FF71FCDDFBF3404D" box="[160,1071,860,885]" pageId="12" pageNumber="676" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BD536A4FFC2FFD4FF71FCDDFBF3404D" blockId="12.[160,1071,860,885]" box="[160,1071,860,885]" pageId="12" pageNumber="676">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7A118AFFC2FFD4FF71FCDDFBF3404D" box="[160,1071,860,885]" pageId="12" pageNumber="676">
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<treatmentCitation id="0ACB10B5FFC2FFD4FF71FCDDFDB2404D" author="Howard LO" box="[160,622,860,885]" page="239" pageId="12" pageNumber="676" year="1898">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D27FFC2FFD4FF71FCDDFDB2404D" ID-CoL="J64X" authority="Howard, 1898: 239" authorityName="Howard" authorityPageNumber="239" authorityYear="1898" box="[160,622,860,885]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Astymachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="676" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonicus">
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<emphasis id="B91EEAB6FFC2FFD4FF71FCDDFE4D404D" box="[160,401,860,885]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="676">Astymachus japonicus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B55FFC2FFD4FE48FCDCFDB2404D" author="Howard LO" box="[409,622,861,885]" pageId="12" pageNumber="676" pagination="231 - 248" refId="ref7134" refString="Howard LO. 1898. On some new parasitic insects of the subfamily Encyrtinae. Proc U S Natl Mus. 21: 231 - 248. doi: 10.5479 / si. 00963801.1142.231" type="journal article" year="1898">Howard, 1898: 239</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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<materialsCitation id="3B023CF9FFC2FFD4FDA9FCDCFBF7404D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2985537312" box="[632,1067,861,885]" collectionCode="USNM" country="Japan" location="Japan" pageId="12" pageNumber="676" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="syntype">
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<typeStatus id="54D18806FFC2FFD4FDA9FCDCFD01404D" box="[632,733,861,885]" pageId="12" pageNumber="676" type="syntype">Syntypes</typeStatus>
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<specimenCount id="9D6CFD2DFFC2FFD4FD35FCDCFD20404D" box="[740,764,861,885]" pageId="12" pageNumber="676" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
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<specimenCount id="9D6CFD2DFFC2FFD4FD2DFCDCFCD0404D" box="[764,780,861,885]" pageId="12" pageNumber="676" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F37D7634FFC2FFD4FCC8FCDCFC81404D" box="[793,861,861,885]" name="Japan" pageId="12" pageNumber="676">Japan</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectionCode id="ED7BAE61FFC2FFD4FCB9FCDCFC6C404D" box="[872,944,861,885]" collectionName="USA, Washington D.C., National Museum of Natural History, [formerly, United States National Museum]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="12" pageNumber="676" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
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, examined
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</materialsCitation>
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||
.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C370652FFFC2FFD4FF71FC30FBBD46E9" pageId="12" pageNumber="676" type="diagnosis">
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||
<paragraph id="8BD536A4FFC2FFD4FF71FC30FBBD46E9" blockId="12.[160,1156,945,1489]" pageId="12" pageNumber="676">
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||
<emphasis id="B91EEAB6FFC2FFD4FF71FC30FEC640F2" bold="true" box="[160,282,945,970]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="676">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B91EEAB6FFC2FFD4FEFBFC30FEA640F2" box="[298,378,945,970]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="676">Female</emphasis>
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. Length, including ovipositor,
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||
<quantity id="4C929B41FFC2FFD4FD38FC33FC4C40F2" box="[745,912,945,970]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.345" metricValueMax="1.63" metricValueMin="1.06" pageId="12" pageNumber="676" unit="mm" value="1.345" valueMax="1.63" valueMin="1.06">
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||
1.06
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||
<emphasis id="B91EEAB6FFC2FFD4FCC8FC30FCFA40F1" box="[793,806,945,969]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="676">–</emphasis>
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||
1.63 mm
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||
</quantity>
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. Body generally yellow; antenna mostly pale yellow, scape, pedicel and F1 pale brown, clava slightly dusky in apical half; fore wing (
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<figureCitation id="13512A21FFC2FFD4FDC1FC76FDA24737" box="[528,638,1015,1039]" captionStart="Figures 3" captionStartId="11.[160,235,1592,1615]" captionTargetBox="[166,1151,152,1559]" captionTargetId="figure-1@11.[163,1153,142,1561]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figures 3. Astymachus phragmitis Trjapitzin: (a) antenna ♂; (b) fore wing; (c) apex of fore wing venation. Astymachus japonicus Howard: (d) head; (e) antenna ♀; (f) antenna ♂; (g) apex of fore wing venation; (h) fore wing. Astymachus srilankae sp. nov. (holotype):(i) head; (j) antenna ♀; (k) antenna ♂; (l) fore wing; (m) apex of fore wing venation." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4290427" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4290427/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="676">Figure 3h</figureCitation>
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) generally hyaline with only a small, weakly infuscate area at junction of marginal vein and stigmal veins that reaches level with apex of stigmal vein and an elongate streak parallel to posterior margin between linea calva and base of wing; head (
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<figureCitation id="13512A21FFC2FFD4FDD4FBDEFDAF474F" box="[517,627,1119,1143]" captionStart="Figures 3" captionStartId="11.[160,235,1592,1615]" captionTargetBox="[166,1151,152,1559]" captionTargetId="figure-1@11.[163,1153,142,1561]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figures 3. Astymachus phragmitis Trjapitzin: (a) antenna ♂; (b) fore wing; (c) apex of fore wing venation. Astymachus japonicus Howard: (d) head; (e) antenna ♀; (f) antenna ♂; (g) apex of fore wing venation; (h) fore wing. Astymachus srilankae sp. nov. (holotype):(i) head; (j) antenna ♀; (k) antenna ♂; (l) fore wing; (m) apex of fore wing venation." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4290427" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4290427/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="676">Figure 3d</figureCitation>
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) about 1.6
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<emphasis id="B91EEAB6FFC2FFD4FD23FBDFFD23474E" box="[754,767,1118,1142]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="676">–</emphasis>
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1.7× as long as eye; palp formula 4
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<emphasis id="B91EEAB6FFC2FFD4FF7FFB00FF6747A1" box="[174,187,1153,1177]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="676">–</emphasis>
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3; antenna (
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<figureCitation id="13512A21FFC2FFD4FE99FB03FE6947A2" box="[328,437,1154,1178]" captionStart="Figures 3" captionStartId="11.[160,235,1592,1615]" captionTargetBox="[166,1151,152,1559]" captionTargetId="figure-1@11.[163,1153,142,1561]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figures 3. Astymachus phragmitis Trjapitzin: (a) antenna ♂; (b) fore wing; (c) apex of fore wing venation. Astymachus japonicus Howard: (d) head; (e) antenna ♀; (f) antenna ♂; (g) apex of fore wing venation; (h) fore wing. Astymachus srilankae sp. nov. (holotype):(i) head; (j) antenna ♀; (k) antenna ♂; (l) fore wing; (m) apex of fore wing venation." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4290427" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4290427/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="676">Figure 3e</figureCitation>
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) with F1 subquadrate, F2
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<emphasis id="B91EEAB6FFC2FFD4FD30FB00FD3247A1" box="[737,750,1153,1177]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="676">–</emphasis>
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||
F5 clearly transverse, F6 transverse but larger, linear sensilla only on F6; clava 2-segmented; scutellum with about 4
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<emphasis id="B91EEAB6FFC2FFD4FBB9FB25FBA94784" box="[1128,1141,1188,1212]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="676">–</emphasis>
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6 setae; wings not shortened, fore wing (
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<figureCitation id="13512A21FFC2FFD4FDB3FB46FD1347E7" box="[610,719,1223,1247]" captionStart="Figures 3" captionStartId="11.[160,235,1592,1615]" captionTargetBox="[166,1151,152,1559]" captionTargetId="figure-1@11.[163,1153,142,1561]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figures 3. Astymachus phragmitis Trjapitzin: (a) antenna ♂; (b) fore wing; (c) apex of fore wing venation. Astymachus japonicus Howard: (d) head; (e) antenna ♀; (f) antenna ♂; (g) apex of fore wing venation; (h) fore wing. Astymachus srilankae sp. nov. (holotype):(i) head; (j) antenna ♀; (k) antenna ♂; (l) fore wing; (m) apex of fore wing venation." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4290427" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4290427/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="676">Figure 3h</figureCitation>
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) about 3.0
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<emphasis id="B91EEAB6FFC2FFD4FC9AFB47FC8447E6" box="[843,856,1222,1246]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="676">–</emphasis>
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3.2× as long as broad and 3.8
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<emphasis id="B91EEAB6FFC2FFD4FF13FB68FF134639" box="[194,207,1257,1281]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="676">–</emphasis>
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||
3.9× as long as mid tibia, reaching well past cercal plates; marginal vein not quite reaching anterior wing margin and about 0.8× as long as stigmal vein; stigmal vein (
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<figureCitation id="13512A21FFC2FFD4FF79FAAEFEC5467F" box="[168,281,1327,1351]" captionStart="Figures 3" captionStartId="11.[160,235,1592,1615]" captionTargetBox="[166,1151,152,1559]" captionTargetId="figure-1@11.[163,1153,142,1561]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figures 3. Astymachus phragmitis Trjapitzin: (a) antenna ♂; (b) fore wing; (c) apex of fore wing venation. Astymachus japonicus Howard: (d) head; (e) antenna ♀; (f) antenna ♂; (g) apex of fore wing venation; (h) fore wing. Astymachus srilankae sp. nov. (holotype):(i) head; (j) antenna ♀; (k) antenna ♂; (l) fore wing; (m) apex of fore wing venation." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4290427" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4290427/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="676">
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Figure
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<quantity id="4C929B41FFC2FFD4FF2DFAAEFEC5467F" box="[252,281,1327,1351]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="3.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="676" unit="g" value="3.0">3g</quantity>
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||
</figureCitation>
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||
) only about 2.7× as long as depth of uncus; discal setae below apex of venation about one-half as long as distance between sockets or at least about 3× as long as diameter of socket; ovipositor about 2.2
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<emphasis id="B91EEAB6FFC2FFD4FD04FAF5FD3E46B4" box="[725,738,1396,1420]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="676">–</emphasis>
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||
2.4× as long as mid tibia or gonostylus.
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<emphasis id="B91EEAB6FFC2FFD4FF32FA17FEC54697" box="[227,281,1430,1455]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="676">Male</emphasis>
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||
. Length
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<quantity id="4C929B41FFC2FFD4FEAFFA16FDFD4697" box="[382,545,1430,1455]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.01" metricValueMax="1.19" metricValueMin="0.83" pageId="12" pageNumber="676" unit="mm" value="1.01" valueMax="1.19" valueMin="0.83">
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||
0.83
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAB6FFC2FFD4FE7FFA17FE674696" box="[430,443,1430,1454]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="676">–</emphasis>
|
||
1.19 mm
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</quantity>
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. Antenna (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13512A21FFC2FFD4FD4DFA16FCDE4697" box="[668,770,1431,1455]" captionStart="Figures 3" captionStartId="11.[160,235,1592,1615]" captionTargetBox="[166,1151,152,1559]" captionTargetId="figure-1@11.[163,1153,142,1561]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figures 3. Astymachus phragmitis Trjapitzin: (a) antenna ♂; (b) fore wing; (c) apex of fore wing venation. Astymachus japonicus Howard: (d) head; (e) antenna ♀; (f) antenna ♂; (g) apex of fore wing venation; (h) fore wing. Astymachus srilankae sp. nov. (holotype):(i) head; (j) antenna ♀; (k) antenna ♂; (l) fore wing; (m) apex of fore wing venation." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4290427" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4290427/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="676">Figure 3f</figureCitation>
|
||
) with funicle segments subequal, subquadrate with F1 and F6 slightly larger; aedeagus equal in length to mid tibia.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C370652FFFC2FFD4FF71F98CFD094553" pageId="12" pageNumber="676" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD536A4FFC2FFD4FF71F98CFD094553" blockId="12.[160,1155,1549,1643]" pageId="12" pageNumber="676">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAB6FFC2FFD4FF71F98CFF22451E" bold="true" box="[160,254,1549,1574]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="676">Biology.</emphasis>
|
||
Reared from a
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAB6FFC2FFD4FE7EF98CFE68451D" box="[431,436,1549,1573]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="676">‘</emphasis>
|
||
Lecanium-like coccid on Bambusa
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAB6FFC2FFD4FCFDF98CFCEE451D" box="[812,818,1549,1573]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="676">’</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B55FFC2FFD4FCECF98FFBD6451E" author="Howard LO" box="[829,1034,1550,1574]" pageId="12" pageNumber="676" pagination="231 - 248" refId="ref7134" refString="Howard LO. 1898. On some new parasitic insects of the subfamily Encyrtinae. Proc U S Natl Mus. 21: 231 - 248. doi: 10.5479 / si. 00963801.1142.231" type="journal article" year="1898">Howard 1898: 239</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Recorded below from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D27FFC2FFD4FEFDF9AEFD964570" authority="Cockerell" authorityName="Cockerell" box="[300,586,1583,1608]" class="Insecta" family="Aclerdidae" genus="Aclerda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="676" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tokionis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAB6FFC2FFD4FEFDF9AEFE074570" box="[300,475,1583,1608]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="676">Aclerda tokionis</emphasis>
|
||
Cockerell
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D27FFC2FFD4FD89F9B1FD0E4570" box="[600,722,1584,1608]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="676" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hemiptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D27FFC2FFD4FD0FF9B1FC8B4570" box="[734,855,1584,1608]" class="Insecta" family="Aclerdidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="676" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Aclerdidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and from a mealybug on sorghum, but the latter host is probably incorrect.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C370652FFFC2FFD4FF71F927FC234587" box="[160,1023,1702,1727]" pageId="12" pageNumber="676" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD536A4FFC2FFD4FF71F927FC234587" blockId="12.[160,1023,1702,1727]" box="[160,1023,1702,1727]" pageId="12" pageNumber="676">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAB6FFC2FFD4FF71F927FEEF4587" bold="true" box="[160,307,1702,1727]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="676">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37D7634FFC2FFD4FE92F926FE7F4587" box="[323,419,1703,1727]" name="Pakistan" pageId="12" pageNumber="676">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37D7634FFC2FFD4FE7CF926FE2D4587" box="[429,497,1703,1727]" name="Japan" pageId="12" pageNumber="676">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Records from elsewhere require confirmation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C370652FFFC3FFD5FF71FF0FFD26410C" pageId="13" pageNumber="677" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD536A4FFC3FFD5FF71FF0FFEA3439F" blockId="13.[160,1156,142,306]" box="[160,383,142,167]" pageId="13" pageNumber="677">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAB6FFC3FFD5FF71FF0FFEA3439F" bold="true" box="[160,383,142,167]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="677">Material examined</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD536A4FFC3FFD5FF71FF30FBE4420A" blockId="13.[160,1156,142,306]" pageId="13" pageNumber="677">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAB6FFC3FFD5FF71FF30FE9143F2" bold="true" box="[160,333,177,202]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="677">Type material.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B023CF9FFC3FFD5FE8DFF33FBE4420A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2987374306" collectedFrom="Coccid on Bambusa" collectionCode="U.S.N.M." country="Japan" location="Gifu Japan Lecanium like form in manus behind leaves Koebele" pageId="13" pageNumber="677" specimenCode="Type No 5031" specimenCount="35" specimenCount-female="18" specimenCount-male="17" typeStatus="syntype">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37D7634FFC3FFD5FE8DFF33FE7543F2" box="[348,425,178,202]" name="Japan" pageId="13" pageNumber="677">JAPAN</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D6CFD2DFFC3FFD5FE67FF33FE3943F2" box="[438,485,178,202]" pageId="13" pageNumber="677" type="female">18♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D6CFD2DFFC3FFD5FE24FF33FDF843F2" box="[501,548,178,202]" pageId="13" pageNumber="677" type="male">17♂</specimenCount>
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D18806FFC3FFD5FDFFFF33FD4C43F2" box="[558,656,178,202]" pageId="13" pageNumber="677" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
plus
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D6CFD2DFFC3FFD5FD02FF33FCEA43F2" box="[723,822,178,202]" pageId="13" pageNumber="677" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
of an unidentifed species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D27FFC3FFD5FF71FF52FEFE43D4" box="[160,290,211,236]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Metaphycus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="677" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAB6FFC3FFD5FF71FF52FEFE43D4" box="[160,290,211,236]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="677">Metaphycus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on slide under single coverslip:
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAB6FFC3FFD5FD50FF55FD5B43D4" box="[641,647,212,236]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="677">‘</emphasis>
|
||
1259
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAB6FFC3FFD5FD6FFF55FD1843D4" box="[702,708,212,236]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="677">’</emphasis>
|
||
[red ink]
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAB6FFC3FFD5FCF8FF55FCF343D4" box="[809,815,212,236]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="677">‘</emphasis>
|
||
<collectedFrom id="38767559FFC3FFD5FCFEFF55FBD543D4" box="[815,1033,212,236]" pageId="13" pageNumber="677">Coccid on Bambusa</collectedFrom>
|
||
<location id="8EB5607FFFC3FFD5FBDFFF55FD314237" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C387B2FFC2FFD5FE14FC87FD7E400F:8EB5607FFFC3FFD5FBDFFF55FD314237" country="Japan" county="Coccid on Bambusa" municipality="Japan Lecanium" name="Gifu Japan Lecanium like form in manus behind leaves Koebele" pageId="13" pageNumber="677" stateProvince="Gifu">Gifu Japan Lecanium like form in manus behind leaves Koebele</location>
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAB6FFC3FFD5FD3DFF76FD2E4237" box="[748,754,247,271]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="677">’</emphasis>
|
||
[black ink];
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAB6FFC3FFD5FCA8FF76FCA24237" box="[889,894,247,271]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="677">‘</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBCC9EDFFFC3FFD5FCAEFF76FBC74237" box="[895,1051,247,271]" pageId="13" pageNumber="677">Type No 5031</specimenCode>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED7BAE61FFC3FFD5FBF3FF76FBA24237" box="[1058,1150,247,271]" pageId="13" pageNumber="677">U.S.N.M.</collectionCode>
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAB6FFC3FFD5FBAFFF76FB584237" box="[1150,1156,247,271]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="677">’</emphasis>
|
||
[red label]; Q-code label
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAB6FFC3FFD5FE64FE98FE664209" box="[437,442,281,305]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="677">‘</emphasis>
|
||
USNMENT 01
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAB6FFC3FFD5FD9EFE98FD804209" box="[591,604,281,305]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="677">–</emphasis>
|
||
25338
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAB6FFC3FFD5FD70FE98FD7A4209" box="[673,678,281,305]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="677">’</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAB6FFC3FFD5FD62FE98FD644209" box="[691,696,281,305]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="677">‘</emphasis>
|
||
<originalDetermination id="A8748E58FFC3FFD5FD68FE9BFBF1420A" box="[697,1069,282,306]" pageId="13" pageNumber="677">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D27FFC3FFD5FD68FE9BFC28420A" authority="How." authorityName="How." box="[697,1012,282,306]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Astymachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="677" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonicus">Astymachus japonicus How.</taxonomicName>
|
||
type
|
||
</originalDetermination>
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAB6FFC3FFD5FBFCFE98FBEE4209" box="[1069,1074,281,305]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="677">’</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD536A4FFC3FFD5FF71FEEFFD26410C" blockId="13.[160,1156,366,564]" pageId="13" pageNumber="677">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAB6FFC3FFD5FF71FEEFFEA642BF" bold="true" box="[160,378,366,391]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="677">
|
||
Non
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D18806FFC3FFD5FF06FEEFFED642BF" box="[215,266,366,391]" pageId="13" pageNumber="677">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B023CF9FFC3FFD5FE5BFEEEFE6C42D7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2987374314" collectedFrom="ex mealybug on Sorghum nitidum" collectingDate="1961-01-24" collectionCode="COLL" collectorName="Rawalpindi & Com" country="Pakistan" determinerName="Eady" isTailEnumeration="true" location="Com. Inst. Biol. Cont." municipality="Rawalpindi" pageId="13" pageNumber="677" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37D7634FFC3FFD5FE5BFEEEFE2142BF" box="[394,509,367,391]" name="Pakistan" pageId="13" pageNumber="677">PAKISTAN</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D6CFD2DFFC3FFD5FDD5FEEEFDFA42BF" box="[516,550,367,391]" pageId="13" pageNumber="677" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D6CFD2DFFC3FFD5FDE0FEEEFD8F42BF" box="[561,595,367,391]" pageId="13" pageNumber="677" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BB1ACDEFFC3FFD5FD8CFEEEFD0742BF" box="[605,731,367,391]" pageId="13" pageNumber="677">Rawalpindi</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EB5607FFFC3FFD5FD35FEEEFC1642BF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C387B2FFC2FFD5FE14FC87FD7E400F:8EB5607FFFC3FFD5FD35FEEEFC1642BF" box="[740,970,367,391]" country="Pakistan" municipality="Rawalpindi" name="Com. Inst. Biol. Cont." pageId="13" pageNumber="677">Com. Inst. Biol. Cont.</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectedFrom id="38767559FFC3FFD5FC00FEEEFE834292" pageId="13" pageNumber="677">
|
||
ex mealybug on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D27FFC3FFD5FF71FE10FE834292" box="[160,351,401,426]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Sorghum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="13" pageNumber="677" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nitidum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAB6FFC3FFD5FF71FE10FE834292" box="[160,351,401,426]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="677">Sorghum nitidum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</collectedFrom>
|
||
, 795,
|
||
<date id="FFD41064FFC3FFD5FE74FE13FDBC4292" box="[421,608,402,426]" pageId="13" pageNumber="677" value="1961-01-24">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF90E98CFFC3FFD5FE74FE13FDBC4292" box="[421,608,402,426]" pageId="13" pageNumber="677" value="1961-01-24">24 January 1961</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, C.I.E. COLL. No. 17560,
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAB6FFC3FFD5FCA3FE10FCAB4291" box="[882,887,401,425]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="677">‘</emphasis>
|
||
<originalDetermination id="A8748E58FFC3FFD5FCA6FE13FE9942F4" pageId="13" pageNumber="677">Xanthoencyrtus sp. R.D. Eady det. 1961</originalDetermination>
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAB6FFC3FFD5FE95FE35FE9642F4" box="[324,330,436,460]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="677">’</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAB6FFC3FFD5FE87FE35FE8742F4" box="[342,347,436,460]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="677">‘</emphasis>
|
||
<originalDetermination id="A8748E58FFC3FFD5FE8AFE35FD2542F4" box="[347,761,436,460]" pageId="13" pageNumber="677">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D27FFC3FFD5FE8AFE35FE3E42F4" authorityName="Howard" authorityYear="1898" box="[347,482,436,460]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Astymachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="677" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Astymachus</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. E R.D. Eady det. 1965
|
||
</originalDetermination>
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAB6FFC3FFD5FD28FE35FD2242F4" box="[761,766,436,460]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="677">’</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAB6FFC3FFD5FCDAFE35FCCD42F4" box="[779,785,436,460]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="677">‘</emphasis>
|
||
<originalDetermination id="A8748E58FFC3FFD5FCC1FE35FE7042D7" pageId="13" pageNumber="677">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D27FFC3FFD5FCC1FE35FEEB42D7" authority="Howard B. R. Subba Rao" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Astymachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="677" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonicus">Astymachus japonicus Howard B. R. Subba Rao</taxonomicName>
|
||
det. 1971
|
||
</originalDetermination>
|
||
;
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B023CF9FFC3FFD5FE68FE56FD26410C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2987374309" collectedFrom="ex Aclerda tokionis Cockerell on bamboo" collectingDate="1995-06" collectionCode="COLL" collectorName="Y. Higashiura" country="Japan" determinerName="Eady" isTailEnumeration="true" location="Ochi" municipality="Nara Pref." pageId="13" pageNumber="677" specimenCount="6" specimenCount-female="4" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Honshu">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37D7634FFC3FFD5FE68FE56FDDA42D7" box="[441,518,471,495]" name="Japan" pageId="13" pageNumber="677">JAPAN</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D6CFD2DFFC3FFD5FDC0FE56FDEF42D7" box="[529,563,471,495]" pageId="13" pageNumber="677" type="female">4♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D6CFD2DFFC3FFD5FD93FE56FDBE42D7" box="[578,610,471,495]" pageId="13" pageNumber="677">
|
||
2
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAB6FFC3FFD5FD9EFE56FDBE42D7" bold="true" box="[591,610,471,495]" pageId="13" pageNumber="677">┌</emphasis>
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49AEF846FFC3FFD5FDA0FE56FD1642D7" box="[625,714,471,495]" pageId="13" pageNumber="677">Honshu</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BB1ACDEFFC3FFD5FD07FE56FC9442D7" box="[726,840,471,495]" pageId="13" pageNumber="677">Nara Pref.</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EB5607FFFC3FFD5FC82FE56FC5542D7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C387B2FFC2FFD5FE14FC87FD7E400F:8EB5607FFFC3FFD5FC82FE56FC5542D7" box="[851,905,471,495]" country="Japan" municipality="Nara Pref." name="Ochi" pageId="13" pageNumber="677" stateProvince="Honshu">Ochi</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EB5607FFFC3FFD5FC44FE56FBD842D7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C387B2FFC2FFD5FE14FC87FD7E400F:8EB5607FFFC3FFD5FC44FE56FBD842D7" box="[917,1028,471,495]" country="Japan" municipality="Nara Pref." name="Kashihara" pageId="13" pageNumber="677" stateProvince="Honshu">Kashihara</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectedFrom id="38767559FFC3FFD5FBC1FE56FDD0412A" pageId="13" pageNumber="677">
|
||
ex
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D27FFC3FFD5FBE3FE57FEB1412A" authority="Cockerell" authorityName="Cockerell" class="Insecta" family="Aclerdidae" genus="Aclerda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="677" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tokionis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAB6FFC3FFD5FBE3FE57FF29412A" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="677">Aclerda tokionis</emphasis>
|
||
Cockerell
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on bamboo
|
||
</collectedFrom>
|
||
, em.
|
||
<date id="FFD41064FFC3FFD5FD8BFE7BFD0B412A" box="[602,727,506,530]" pageId="13" pageNumber="677" value="1995-06">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF90E98CFFC3FFD5FD8BFE7BFD0B412A" box="[602,727,506,530]" pageId="13" pageNumber="677" value="1995-06">June 1995</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectorName id="269F5372FFC3FFD5FD3CFE7BFC50412A" box="[749,908,506,530]" pageId="13" pageNumber="677">Y. Higashiura</collectorName>
|
||
) [
|
||
<originalDetermination id="A8748E58FFC3FFD5FC79FE7BFD2E410C" pageId="13" pageNumber="677">
|
||
determined to be
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D27FFC3FFD5FF71FD9AFE2D410C" authority="Howard" authorityName="Howard" box="[160,497,539,564]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Astymachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="677" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAB6FFC3FFD5FF71FD9AFE4D410C" box="[160,401,539,564]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="677">Astymachus japonicus</emphasis>
|
||
Howard
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by Y. Higashiura 1997
|
||
</originalDetermination>
|
||
].
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C370652FFFC3FFD5FF71FDF0FD7E400F" pageId="13" pageNumber="677" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD536A4FFC3FFD5FF71FDF0FD5C4194" blockId="13.[160,1155,625,823]" pageId="13" pageNumber="677">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAB6FFC3FFD5FF71FDF0FEF941B2" bold="true" box="[160,293,625,650]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="677">Comments.</emphasis>
|
||
All the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D18806FFC3FFD5FE5FFDF3FE2C41B2" box="[398,496,626,650]" pageId="13" pageNumber="677" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
are uncleared and most are in poor condition. For this reason, a
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D18806FFC3FFD5FEDDFD15FEA94194" box="[268,373,660,684]" pageId="13" pageNumber="677" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
is not designated here.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD536A4FFC3FFD5FF11FD36FBDD41CA" blockId="13.[160,1155,625,823]" pageId="13" pageNumber="677">
|
||
Females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D27FFC3FFD5FEECFD37FDF041F7" box="[317,556,694,719]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Astymachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="677" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAB6FFC3FFD5FEECFD37FDF041F7" box="[317,556,694,719]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="677">Astymachus japonicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished by the relatively short head, and the virtually naked and hyaline fore wing with a relatively short stigmal vein.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD536A4FFC3FFD5FF11FD7DFD7E400F" blockId="13.[160,1155,625,823]" pageId="13" pageNumber="677">
|
||
The named host species (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D27FFC3FFD5FE3FFD7AFD43402C" box="[494,671,763,788]" class="Insecta" family="Aclerdidae" genus="Aclerda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="677" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tokionis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAB6FFC3FFD5FE3FFD7AFD43402C" box="[494,671,763,788]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="677">Aclerda tokionis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) is found on both sugarcane (
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAB6FFC3FFD5FBDBFD7AFEC1400F" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="677">
|
||
Saccharum o
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAB6FFC3FFD5FF7FFC9EFF1F400F" bold="true" box="[174,195,799,823]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="677">ffi</emphasis>
|
||
cinarum
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Linnaeus) and bamboo (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D27FFC3FFD5FDE4FC9EFD44400F" authorityName="Barnhart" authorityYear="1895" baseAuthorityName="R.Br." box="[565,664,799,823]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="13" pageNumber="677" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |