1039 lines
154 KiB
XML
1039 lines
154 KiB
XML
<document id="4D5E245C471B194D5B3A7C668E9AB098" ID-CLB-Dataset="5960" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3759.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="80dce437-4a06-4327-9f55-ed1b1f6ec72f" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5038666" ID-ZooBank="E9F2EADE-3745-468B-9344-1ECCA4C2EA22" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1623095071289" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Hendrickx, Christophe & Mateus, Octávio" docDate="2014" docId="03C38794FFFA080653E4FE8ABDAFF89D" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03759p074.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3759 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3759.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Abelisauridae Bonaparte & Novas 1985" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="23" masterDocId="FFFAFFECFFF508105373FFE2BD5DFFDA" masterDocTitle="Abelisauridae (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Late Jurassic of Portugal and dentition-based phylogeny as a contribution for the identification of isolated theropod teeth" masterLastPageNumber="74" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="16" updateTime="1699002092529" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="F520BDBD1F59DF20DD9CD215B44F7094">Abelisauridae (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Late Jurassic of Portugal and dentition-based phylogeny as a contribution for the identification of isolated theropod teeth</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C3B539174B787F921AC41BA2C722D8F2">Hendrickx, Christophe</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="80FCF39CB535D08D27CABB62E8722AB2" type="email">christophe.hendrickx@hotmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="4C533D06FAD9AA00FD86A0CF0FB8F294">Mateus, Octávio</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="3532E16905FED39DB5AA2522BD8C2268" type="email">christophe.hendrickx@hotmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="A44761BF0D8524762C6AC0B0F54E61B8">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="02AF6F6CDED2D640F74A8E55E29D2C7A">
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<mods:date id="3BA6297E2E1FBC26A3EE66DFEDA2A92A">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="B6FC4A44FAE9076A78A3C71904E01222">2014-01-30</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="C9745B0B5C961A52D5E5977A0328F44E">3759</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03C38794FFFA080653E4FE8ABDAFF89D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5038696" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183197409" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5038696" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C38794FFFA080653E4FE8ABDAFF89D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C38794FFFA080653E4FE8ABDAFF89D" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<subSubSection id="C3706509FFFA081F53E4FE8ABFD0FE58" box="[151,653,360,386]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD53682FFFA081F53E4FE8ABFD0FE58" blockId="15.[151,653,360,386]" box="[151,653,360,386]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<heading id="D09D81EEFFFA081F53E4FE8ABFD0FE58" bold="true" box="[151,653,360,386]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" reason="3">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D01FFFA081F53E4FE8ABFD0FE58" authority="Bonaparte & Novas, 1985" authorityName="Bonaparte & Novas" authorityYear="1985" box="[151,653,360,386]" class="Reptilia" family="Abelisauridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">
|
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<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFFA081F53E4FE8ABFD0FE58" bold="true" box="[151,653,360,386]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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Abelisauridae
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B73FFFA081F523FFE8ABFD0FE58" author="Bonaparte, J. F. & Novas, F. E." box="[332,653,360,386]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="259 - 265" refId="ref24212" refString="Bonaparte, J. F. & Novas, F. E. (1985) Abelisaurus comahuensis, n. g., n. sp., Carnosauria del Cretacico Tardio de Patagonia. Ameghiniana, 21, 259 - 265." type="journal article" year="1985">Bonaparte & Novas, 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3706509FFFA081F53E4FE4FBCDCFE1D" box="[151,385,429,455]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BD53682FFFA081F53E4FE4FBCDCFE1D" blockId="15.[151,385,429,455]" box="[151,385,429,455]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFFA081F53E4FE4FBCDCFE1D" bold="true" box="[151,385,429,455]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Gen. and sp. indet.</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3706509FFFA081F53E4FE16BC19FD8F" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD53682FFFA081F53E4FE16BFACFDD7" blockId="15.[151,1436,500,813]" box="[151,753,500,525]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFFA081F53E4FE16BC28FDD7" bold="true" box="[151,373,500,525]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Referred material.</emphasis>
|
||
ML 327 and ML 966 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13512A07FFFA081F5104FE16BFB8FDD7" box="[631,741,500,525]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 3" captionStart-1="FIGURE 4" captionStartId-0="15.[151,249,1521,1543]" captionStartId-1="16.[151,249,1692,1714]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,865,1499]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,949,1671]" captionTargetId-0="figure-435@15.[151,1436,865,1499]" captionTargetId-1="figure-559@16.[151,1436,949,1671]" captionTargetPageId-0="15" captionTargetPageId-1="16" captionText-0="FIGURE 3. Isolated tooth (ML 327) of an Abelisauridae in lingual (A), mesial (B), labial (C), distal (D), apical (F), basal (G) and mesio-lingual (H) and labio-distal views. Apical denticles of the distal carina in labial view (E). Abbreviations: dca, distal carina; esp, enamel spalling; ids, interdenticular sulcus; idsp, interdenticular space; lgr, longitudinal groove; mca, mesial carina; tun, transversal undulation; wfa, wear facet." captionText-1="FIGURE 4. Isolated tooth (ML 966) of an Abelisauridae in lingual (A), mesial (B), labial (C), distal (D), apical (F), basal (G) and linguo-distal (H) views. Mid-crown denticles of the distal carina in lingual view (E, I). Abbreviations: dca, distal carina; esp, enamel spalling; ids, interdenticular sulcus; idsp, interdenticular space; lgr, longitudinal groove; mca, mesial carina; mun, marginal undulation; tun, transversal undulation." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5038672" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5038674" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5038672/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5038674/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Figs. 3–4</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD53682FFFA081F53B4FDF5BC19FD8F" blockId="15.[151,1436,500,813]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFFA081F53B4FDF5BC95FDEA" bold="true" box="[199,456,535,560]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Locality and horizon.</emphasis>
|
||
Cliffs of Lourinhã, Lourinhã,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37D7612FFFA081F506DFDF5BEDDFDEA" box="[798,896,535,560]" name="Portugal" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Portugal</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Lourinhã Formation, Kimmeridgian-Tithonian, Upper Jurassic.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3706509FFFA080253B4FDBDB8C1FC79" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD53682FFFA081F53B4FDBDBE16FD3F" blockId="15.[151,1436,500,813]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFFA081F53B4FDBDBC04FDA2" bold="true" box="[199,345,607,632]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
ML 327 lacks the lowermost part of the crown, a small piece of the mesial carina on the lingual face and a few denticles on the distal carina. However, the crown is well preserved and most of the denticles are intact. The apical part of the distal carina of ML 966 is also missing; otherwise this tooth is relatively wellpreserved, with some part of the enamel cracked and missing.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD53682FFFA081F53B4FD0DB9EAFCF1" blockId="15.[151,1436,500,813]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFFA081F53B4FD0DBC7DFCD2" bold="true" box="[199,288,751,776]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Crown.</emphasis>
|
||
The teeth are slightly elongated baso-apically (CHR of
|
||
<quantity id="4C929B67FFFA081F50C3FD0DB95CFCD2" box="[944,1025,751,776]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0132" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="in" value="1.58">1.58 in</quantity>
|
||
ML 327 and
|
||
<quantity id="4C929B67FFFA081F57D5FD0DB9A5FCD2" box="[1190,1272,751,776]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.953" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="in" value="1.95">1.95 in</quantity>
|
||
ML 966) and ziphodont in shape. Both crowns are only weakly curved distally, and the apex has been worn.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF15660AFFFA081F53E4FA13BFF8F9B8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5038672" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5038672" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5038672/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" startId="15.[151,249,1521,1543]" targetBox="[151,1436,865,1499]" targetPageId="15">
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<paragraph id="8BD53682FFFA081F53E4FA13BFF8F9B8" blockId="15.[151,1436,1521,1634]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFFA081F53E4FA13BC51F9DD" bold="true" box="[151,268,1521,1543]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">FIGURE 3</emphasis>
|
||
. Isolated tooth (ML 327) of an
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D01FFFA081F5123FA13BF81F9DD" authorityName="Bonaparte & Novas" authorityYear="1985" box="[592,732,1521,1543]" class="Reptilia" family="Abelisauridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Abelisauridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
in lingual (A), mesial (B), labial (C), distal (D), apical (F), basal (G) and mesio-lingual (H) and labio-distal views. Apical denticles of the distal carina in labial view (E). Abbreviations:
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFFA081F5641F9EDB805F9FF" bold="true" box="[1330,1368,1551,1573]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">dca</emphasis>
|
||
, distal carina;
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFFA081F5395F9CCBC54F99E" bold="true" box="[230,265,1582,1604]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">esp</emphasis>
|
||
, enamel spalling;
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFFA081F52BDF9CCBCB0F99E" bold="true" box="[462,493,1582,1604]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">ids</emphasis>
|
||
, interdenticular sulcus;
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFFA081F519FF9CCBE44F99E" bold="true" box="[748,793,1582,1604]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">idsp</emphasis>
|
||
, interdenticular space;
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFFA081F5761F9CCB96DF99E" bold="true" box="[1042,1072,1582,1604]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">lgr</emphasis>
|
||
, longitudinal groove;
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFFA081F566FF9CCB814F99E" bold="true" box="[1308,1353,1582,1604]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">mca</emphasis>
|
||
, mesial carina;
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFFA081F5391F9AEBC5BF9B8" bold="true" box="[226,262,1612,1634]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">tun</emphasis>
|
||
, transversal undulation;
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFFA081F5172F9AEBF75F9B8" bold="true" box="[513,552,1612,1634]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">wfa</emphasis>
|
||
, wear facet.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD53682FFFA080053B4F968BC0AFEC7" blockId="15.[151,1436,1674,2023]" lastBlockId="16.[151,1437,151,896]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
In lateral view, the distal carina is slightly concave, almost straight. The axis passing through the basal part of distal carina is perpendicular to the transversal plane of the crown. The mesial margin of the crown is much more recurved than the distal margin and the curvature is more important apically than basally. The apex is not acute and pointed but slightly rounded. In ML 327, it shows a small spalling surface on the labial face and a large wear facet (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13512A07FFFA081F53ECF8F8BDA6F8E9" box="[159,251,1818,1843]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="15.[151,249,1521,1543]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,865,1499]" captionTargetId="figure-435@15.[151,1436,865,1499]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 3. Isolated tooth (ML 327) of an Abelisauridae in lingual (A), mesial (B), labial (C), distal (D), apical (F), basal (G) and mesio-lingual (H) and labio-distal views. Apical denticles of the distal carina in labial view (E). Abbreviations: dca, distal carina; esp, enamel spalling; ids, interdenticular sulcus; idsp, interdenticular space; lgr, longitudinal groove; mca, mesial carina; tun, transversal undulation; wfa, wear facet." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5038672" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5038672/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
) corresponding to an elongated tongue-shaped surface bearing diagonal striations and inclined mesiobasally on the two-thirds of the lingual side. The spalling surface on the lingual side of the crown in ML 966 is rather subtriangular and only limited to the apex. Both mesial and distal carinae are serrated from the base to the tip of the crown. The lingual surface of ML 327 bears a prominent longitudinal depression on its mesial part,
|
||
<quantity id="4C929B67FFFA081F5629F864B8C1F844" box="[1370,1436,1926,1951]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
|
||
from the mesial carina at the mid-crown. This narrow groove (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13512A07FFFA081F5029F848BEEFF819" box="[858,946,1962,1987]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="15.[151,249,1521,1543]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,865,1499]" captionTargetId="figure-435@15.[151,1436,865,1499]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 3. Isolated tooth (ML 327) of an Abelisauridae in lingual (A), mesial (B), labial (C), distal (D), apical (F), basal (G) and mesio-lingual (H) and labio-distal views. Apical denticles of the distal carina in labial view (E). Abbreviations: dca, distal carina; esp, enamel spalling; ids, interdenticular sulcus; idsp, interdenticular space; lgr, longitudinal groove; mca, mesial carina; tun, transversal undulation; wfa, wear facet." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5038672" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5038672/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 3H</figureCitation>
|
||
) of
|
||
<quantity id="4C929B67FFFA081F5091F848B964F818" box="[994,1081,1962,1987]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
width extends from around
|
||
<quantity id="4C929B67FFFA081F560AF848BD9EF83C" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="8.5">8.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
above the cervix dentis (or neck of the tooth, here referred to as 'cervix'
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFFA081F509AF82DB97AF83C" box="[1001,1063,1999,2022]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B73FFFA081F575DF82CB871F83D" author="Smith, J. B. & Dodson, P." box="[1070,1324,1998,2023]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="1 - 14" refId="ref36227" refString="Smith, J. B. & Dodson, P. (2003) A proposal for a standard terminology of anatomical notation and orientation in fossil vertebrate dentitions. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 23, 1 - 14. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1671 / 0272 - 4634 (2003) 23 [1: apfast] 2.0. co; 2" type="journal article" year="2003">Smith & Dodson 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and ends at a distance of
|
||
<quantity id="4C929B67FFE50800523DFF75BCCCFF75" box="[334,401,151,176]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
|
||
from the apex. The longitudinal depression roughly follows the curvature of the crown, is closer to the mesial carina at its basal and apical endings, and almost contacts the large wear facet apically. No longitudinal groove is present on the labial face of the crown in ML 327 and on both labial and lingual sides of the tooth in ML 966.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD53682FFE5080053B4FECABE73FDE1" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,896]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
In mesial view, the mesial carina of both teeth is concave and inclined baso-lingually. The carina remains medially positioned on the tip of the crown but twists lingually towards the root more basally and extends mesiolingually to the cervix (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13512A07FFE5080052EFFE8DBCA1FE52" box="[412,508,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="15.[151,249,1521,1543]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,865,1499]" captionTargetId="figure-435@15.[151,1436,865,1499]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 3. Isolated tooth (ML 327) of an Abelisauridae in lingual (A), mesial (B), labial (C), distal (D), apical (F), basal (G) and mesio-lingual (H) and labio-distal views. Apical denticles of the distal carina in labial view (E). Abbreviations: dca, distal carina; esp, enamel spalling; ids, interdenticular sulcus; idsp, interdenticular space; lgr, longitudinal groove; mca, mesial carina; tun, transversal undulation; wfa, wear facet." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5038672" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5038672/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Figs. 3B</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="13512A07FFE508005141FE8DBF0BFE52" box="[562,598,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="16.[151,249,1692,1714]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,949,1671]" captionTargetId="figure-559@16.[151,1436,949,1671]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 4. Isolated tooth (ML 966) of an Abelisauridae in lingual (A), mesial (B), labial (C), distal (D), apical (F), basal (G) and linguo-distal (H) views. Mid-crown denticles of the distal carina in lingual view (E, I). Abbreviations: dca, distal carina; esp, enamel spalling; ids, interdenticular sulcus; idsp, interdenticular space; lgr, longitudinal groove; mca, mesial carina; mun, marginal undulation; tun, transversal undulation." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5038674" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5038674/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">4B</figureCitation>
|
||
). The crown apex remains straight and follows the general curvature of the crown. The lingual surface is slightly baso-apically sigmoid with the basal part of the crown concave and the apical one convex. On the other hand, the entire labial surface of the crown is strongly convex baso-apically. There is a flattened surface at the base of the mesial margin which is delimited lingually by the mesial carina in ML 327. This flattened surface, which appears above the cervix, extends on the first third of the crown. In ML 966 however, the surface at the base of the mesial margin is strongly convex.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD53682FFE5080053B4FDAABE4FFD72" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,896]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">In distal view, the distal carina is weakly sigmoid with a large bow oriented lingually along the basal two-thirds of the crown while the apical part of the distal carina is straight. The carina is slightly lingually positioned on the distal margin of the crown but moves medially at the tip.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD53682FFE5080053B4FD56BE8FFCA5" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,896]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">In apical view, the tip of both crowns is distally positioned, with no curvature on the lingual or labial sides. The labial margin is globally convex but the distal surface is rather flattened or weakly convex. On the contrary, the surface adjacent to the distal carina on the lingual margin is rather slightly concave. In ML 327, the mesial part of the labial face is strongly convex whereas the mesial part of the lingual surface has a double curvature due to the presence of the longitudinal depression. In both teeth, the distal carina is angular whereas the mesial carina forms a low but pointed ridge which strongly displaces lingually towards the root.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF15660AFFE5080053E4F97EBFD4F8D4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5038674" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5038674" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5038674/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" startId="16.[151,249,1692,1714]" targetBox="[151,1436,949,1671]" targetPageId="16">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD53682FFE5080053E4F97EBFD4F8D4" blockId="16.[151,1436,1692,1806]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE5080053E4F97EBC51F968" bold="true" box="[151,268,1692,1714]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">FIGURE 4</emphasis>
|
||
. Isolated tooth (ML 966) of an
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D01FFE508005123F97EBF81F968" authorityName="Bonaparte & Novas" authorityYear="1985" box="[592,732,1692,1714]" class="Reptilia" family="Abelisauridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Abelisauridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
in lingual (A), mesial (B), labial (C), distal (D), apical (F), basal (G) and linguo-distal (H) views. Mid-crown denticles of the distal carina in lingual view (E, I). Abbreviations:
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE508005796F959B856F90B" bold="true" box="[1253,1291,1723,1745]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">dca</emphasis>
|
||
, distal carina;
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE5080053E4F938BDE7F92A" bold="true" box="[151,186,1754,1776]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">esp</emphasis>
|
||
, enamel spalling;
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE508005201F938BCCCF92A" bold="true" box="[370,401,1754,1776]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">ids</emphasis>
|
||
, interdenticular sulcus;
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE5080051F0F938BFEDF92A" bold="true" box="[643,688,1754,1776]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">idsp</emphasis>
|
||
, interdenticular space;
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE5080050E8F938BEE4F92A" bold="true" box="[923,953,1754,1776]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">lgr</emphasis>
|
||
, longitudinal groove;
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE5080057EBF938B998F92A" bold="true" box="[1176,1221,1754,1776]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">mca</emphasis>
|
||
, mesial carina;
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE508005617F938B8C8F92A" bold="true" box="[1380,1429,1754,1776]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">mun</emphasis>
|
||
, marginal undulation;
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE508005203F91ABCC9F8D4" bold="true" box="[368,404,1784,1806]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">tun</emphasis>
|
||
, transversal undulation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD53682FFE5080153B4F8DEBDBEFE77" blockId="16.[151,1436,1851,2020]" lastBlockId="17.[151,1436,151,861]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
In basal view, the cross-section outline of the crown base is elliptical and slightly lanceolate (i.e., mesial margin convex and distal margin pointed) in ML 327 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13512A07FFE508005060F8BDBE30F8A2" box="[787,877,1887,1912]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="15.[151,249,1521,1543]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,865,1499]" captionTargetId="figure-435@15.[151,1436,865,1499]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 3. Isolated tooth (ML 327) of an Abelisauridae in lingual (A), mesial (B), labial (C), distal (D), apical (F), basal (G) and mesio-lingual (H) and labio-distal views. Apical denticles of the distal carina in labial view (E). Abbreviations: dca, distal carina; esp, enamel spalling; ids, interdenticular sulcus; idsp, interdenticular space; lgr, longitudinal groove; mca, mesial carina; tun, transversal undulation; wfa, wear facet." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5038672" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5038672/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 3G</figureCitation>
|
||
) whereas ML 966 has a well-marked lanceolate outline of the crown base (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13512A07FFE5080052BAF861BF78F846" box="[457,549,1923,1948]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="16.[151,249,1692,1714]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,949,1671]" captionTargetId="figure-559@16.[151,1436,949,1671]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 4. Isolated tooth (ML 966) of an Abelisauridae in lingual (A), mesial (B), labial (C), distal (D), apical (F), basal (G) and linguo-distal (H) views. Mid-crown denticles of the distal carina in lingual view (E, I). Abbreviations: dca, distal carina; esp, enamel spalling; ids, interdenticular sulcus; idsp, interdenticular space; lgr, longitudinal groove; mca, mesial carina; mun, marginal undulation; tun, transversal undulation." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5038674" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5038674/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 4G</figureCitation>
|
||
). In ML 327, the mesial part is roughly triangular in shape with the tip of the triangle pointed mesio-lingually whereas the mesial part of ML 966 is strongly subtriangular with the tip of the triangle medially positioned. In both crowns, the distal margin of the crown forms a semicircle. The distal margin bears the superficial ridge of the distal carina which is mesio-lingually positioned. The labio-lingual width of the base of the crown is bigger mesially (CBW of
|
||
<quantity id="4C929B67FFE4080151D4FF5EBE59FF0F" box="[679,772,188,213]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.71526" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="in" value="10.69">10.69 in</quantity>
|
||
ML 327 and
|
||
<quantity id="4C929B67FFE4080150ECFF5EBEA1FF0F" box="[927,1020,188,213]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2867599999999997" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="in" value="12.94">12.94 in</quantity>
|
||
ML 966). With their rather flattened bases, the middles of the lingual and labial faces are almost parallel. The middle of the labial surface remains roughly flat towards the tip while the lingual surface becomes strongly convex apically. In ML 327, the dentine layer is thin (
|
||
<quantity id="4C929B67FFE408015258FEC5BC37FEE5" box="[299,362,295,320]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
on the labial margin) and becomes thicker in the distal part of the crown (
|
||
<quantity id="4C929B67FFE4080157EEFEC5B9AAFE9A" box="[1181,1271,295,320]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="1.9">1.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
). Although the lingual margin has been damaged in this tooth, the pulp cavity seems to share the same lanceolate outline of the crown-base, but there is a weak labio-lingual constriction of the cavity
|
||
<quantity id="4C929B67FFE4080150A7FE8DB945FE5D" box="[980,1048,367,392]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
|
||
below the extremity of the distal carina.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD53682FFE4080153B4FE55BED0FC87" blockId="17.[151,1436,151,861]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE4080153B4FE55BC66FE0A" bold="true" box="[199,315,439,464]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Denticles.</emphasis>
|
||
The mesial carina of ML 327 bears 11 denticles per
|
||
<quantity id="4C929B67FFE4080150EEFE55BEBDFE15" box="[925,992,439,464]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
|
||
at the tip, 13 at the mid-crown and 20 near the cervix. In ML 966, the mesial carina shows 15 denticles at mid-crown, and 19 denticles at the base, the mesioapical denticles having been worn off. (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6E80339FFE4080151EEFE1DBFA8FDC2" box="[669,757,511,536]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="17.[151,241,908,931]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="TABLE 3. Morphometric measurements of four isolated theropod teeth from the Lourinhã Formation of Portugal." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF15660AFFE4080153E4FC6EB805FC79" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" tableUuid="DF15660AFFE4080153E4FC6EB805FC79">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
). In both crowns, the denticles decrease in size towards the root at two-thirds of the crown and the most basal denticles are minute. In lateral view, the mesial denticles are longer baso-apically than mesio-distally, which give them a subrectangular (or 'cartouche-like'
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE4080157B4FDABB858FDBA" box="[1223,1285,585,608]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B73FFE40801567EFDA5B8C9FDBA" author="Harris, J. D." box="[1293,1428,583,608]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="1 - 75" refId="ref28927" refString="Harris, J. D. (1998) A reanalysis of Acrocanthosaurus atokensis, its phylogenetic status, and paleobiogeographic implications, based on a new specimen from Texas. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin, 13, 1 - 75." type="journal article" year="1998">Harris 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) outline. Since the denticles are inclined towards the tip of the crown and the main axis of the denticle is not perpendicular to the mesial margin of the crown, the shape of the denticle is rather parallelogram-shaped. The external margin of the mesial denticles is rounded and sometimes asymmetrically convex, with the concavity positioned slightly apically. In both teeth, the lingual and labial surfaces of the denticles are convex and the interdenticular space is shallow. In mesial view, the denticles are not labio-lingually large, they are roughly chisellike in shape but their external margin is rounded, and the main body of the denticles is almost cylindrical. There is no interdenticular sulcus between the mesial denticles in both teeth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF15660AFFE4080153E4FC6EB805FC79" ID-Table-UUID="DF15660AFFE4080153E4FC6EB805FC79" box="[151,1368,908,931]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF15660AFFE4080153E4FC6EB805FC79" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" startId="17.[151,241,908,931]" targetBox="[156,1344,958,1642]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="17">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD53682FFE4080153E4FC6EB805FC79" blockId="17.[151,1368,908,931]" box="[151,1368,908,931]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE4080153E4FC6EBC54FC79" bold="true" box="[151,265,908,931]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">TABLE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Morphometric measurements of four isolated theropod teeth from the Lourinhã Formation of Portugal.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD53682FFE4080153EFFC5CB9ECF9B0" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<table id="F96AC422FFE4F7EF53EFFC5CB81DF9B0" box="[156,1344,958,1642]" gridcols="5" gridrows="17" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<tr id="355A34C0FFE4F7EF53EFFC5CB81DFC0E" box="[156,1344,958,980]" gridrow="0" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<th id="768B5DBCFFE4F7EF53EFFC5CBC5DFC0E" box="[156,256,958,980]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Specimen</th>
|
||
<th id="768B5DBCFFE4F7EF52EDFC5CBF64FC0E" box="[414,569,958,980]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">ML327</th>
|
||
<th id="768B5DBCFFE4F7EF51D3FC5CBE61FC0E" box="[672,828,958,980]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">ML966</th>
|
||
<th id="768B5DBCFFE4F7EF50D1FC5CB91CFC0E" box="[930,1089,958,980]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">ML962</th>
|
||
<th id="768B5DBCFFE4F7EF57D6FC5CB81DFC0E" box="[1189,1344,958,980]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">ML939</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355A34C0FFE4F7EF53EFFC0AB81DFC24" box="[156,1344,1000,1022]" gridrow="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<th id="768B5DBCFFE4F7EF53EFFC0ABC5DFC24" box="[156,256,1000,1022]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Position</th>
|
||
<td id="768B5DBCFFE4F7EF52EDFC0ABF64FC24" box="[414,569,1000,1022]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Isolated, lateral</td>
|
||
<td id="768B5DBCFFE4F7EF51D3FC0ABE61FC24" box="[672,828,1000,1022]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Isolated, lateral</td>
|
||
<td id="768B5DBCFFE4F7EF50D1FC0AB91CFC24" box="[930,1089,1000,1022]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Isolated, mesial</td>
|
||
<td id="768B5DBCFFE4F7EF57D6FC0AB81DFC24" box="[1189,1344,1000,1022]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Isolated, lateral</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355A34C0FFE4F7EF53EFFBF3B81DFBFD" box="[156,1344,1041,1063]" gridrow="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<th id="768B5DBCFFE4F7EF53EFFBF3BC5DFBFD" box="[156,256,1041,1063]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">CBL</th>
|
||
<td id="768B5DBCFFE4F7EF52EDFBF3BF64FBFD" box="[414,569,1041,1063]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">20.07</td>
|
||
<td id="768B5DBCFFE4F7EF51D3FBF3BE61FBFD" box="[672,828,1041,1063]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">23.69</td>
|
||
<td id="768B5DBCFFE4F7EF50D1FBF3B91CFBFD" box="[930,1089,1041,1063]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">31.2</td>
|
||
<td id="768B5DBCFFE4F7EF57D6FBF3B81DFBFD" box="[1189,1344,1041,1063]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">2.8</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355A34C0FFE4F7EF53EFFBD8B81DFB8A" box="[156,1344,1082,1104]" gridrow="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<th id="768B5DBCFFE4F7EF53EFFBD8BC5DFB8A" box="[156,256,1082,1104]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">CBW</th>
|
||
<td id="768B5DBCFFE4F7EF52EDFBD8BF64FB8A" box="[414,569,1082,1104]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">10.69</td>
|
||
<td id="768B5DBCFFE4F7EF51D3FBD8BE61FB8A" box="[672,828,1082,1104]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">12.95</td>
|
||
<td id="768B5DBCFFE4F7EF50D1FBD8B91CFB8A" box="[930,1089,1082,1104]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">20.2</td>
|
||
<td id="768B5DBCFFE4F7EF57D6FBD8B81DFB8A" box="[1189,1344,1082,1104]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355A34C0FFE4F7EF53EFFB86B81DFBA0" box="[156,1344,1124,1146]" gridrow="4" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<th id="768B5DBCFFE4F7EF53EFFB86BC5DFBA0" box="[156,256,1124,1146]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">CH</th>
|
||
<td id="768B5DBCFFE4F7EF52EDFB86BF64FBA0" box="[414,569,1124,1146]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">31.76</td>
|
||
<td id="768B5DBCFFE4F7EF51D3FB86BE61FBA0" box="[672,828,1124,1146]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">46.41</td>
|
||
<td id="768B5DBCFFE4F7EF50D1FB86B91CFBA0" box="[930,1089,1124,1146]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">85.8</td>
|
||
<td id="768B5DBCFFE4F7EF57D6FB86B81DFBA0" box="[1189,1344,1124,1146]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">5.1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355A34C0FFE4F7EF53EFFB6FB81DFB79" box="[156,1344,1165,1187]" gridrow="5" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<th id="768B5DBCFFE4F7EF53EFFB6FBC5DFB79" box="[156,256,1165,1187]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">AL</th>
|
||
<td id="768B5DBCFFE4F7EF52EDFB6FBF64FB79" box="[414,569,1165,1187]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">38.11</td>
|
||
<td id="768B5DBCFFE4F7EF51D3FB6FBE61FB79" box="[672,828,1165,1187]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">51.06</td>
|
||
<td id="768B5DBCFFE4F7EF50D1FB6FB91CFB79" box="[930,1089,1165,1187]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">91.9</td>
|
||
<td id="768B5DBCFFE4F7EF57D6FB6FB81DFB79" box="[1189,1344,1165,1187]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">5.5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355A34C0FFE4F7EF53EFFB54B81DFB16" box="[156,1344,1206,1228]" gridrow="6" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<th id="768B5DBCFFE4F7EF53EFFB54BC5DFB16" box="[156,256,1206,1228]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">CBR</th>
|
||
<td id="768B5DBCFFE4F7EF52EDFB54BF64FB16" box="[414,569,1206,1228]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">0.5326</td>
|
||
<td id="768B5DBCFFE4F7EF51D3FB54BE61FB16" box="[672,828,1206,1228]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">0.5462</td>
|
||
<td id="768B5DBCFFE4F7EF50D1FB54B91CFB16" box="[930,1089,1206,1228]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">0.647</td>
|
||
<td id="768B5DBCFFE4F7EF57D6FB54B81DFB16" box="[1189,1344,1206,1228]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">0.357</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355A34C0FFE4F7EF53EFFB02B81DFB2C" box="[156,1344,1248,1270]" gridrow="7" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<th id="768B5DBCFFE4F7EF53EFFB02BC5DFB2C" box="[156,256,1248,1270]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">CHR</th>
|
||
<td id="768B5DBCFFE4F7EF52EDFB02BF64FB2C" box="[414,569,1248,1270]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">1.582</td>
|
||
<td id="768B5DBCFFE4F7EF51D3FB02BE61FB2C" box="[672,828,1248,1270]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">1.959</td>
|
||
<td id="768B5DBCFFE4F7EF50D1FB02B91CFB2C" box="[930,1089,1248,1270]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">2.75</td>
|
||
<td id="768B5DBCFFE4F7EF57D6FB02B81DFB2C" box="[1189,1344,1248,1270]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">1.821</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355A34C0FFE4F7EF53EFFAEBB81DFAC5" box="[156,1344,1289,1311]" gridrow="8" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<th id="768B5DBCFFE4F7EF53EFFAEBBC5DFAC5" box="[156,256,1289,1311]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">MA</th>
|
||
<td id="768B5DBCFFE4F7EF52EDFAEBBF64FAC5" box="[414,569,1289,1311]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">11 (5mm)</td>
|
||
<td id="768B5DBCFFE4F7EF51D3FAEBBE61FAC5" box="[672,828,1289,1311]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">?</td>
|
||
<td id="768B5DBCFFE4F7EF50D1FAEBB91CFAC5" box="[930,1089,1289,1311]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">?</td>
|
||
<td id="768B5DBCFFE4F7EF57D6FAEBB81DFAC5" box="[1189,1344,1289,1311]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">?</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355A34C0FFE4F7EF53EFFAD0B81DFA92" box="[156,1344,1330,1352]" gridrow="9" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<th id="768B5DBCFFE4F7EF53EFFAD0BC5DFA92" box="[156,256,1330,1352]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">MC</th>
|
||
<td id="768B5DBCFFE4F7EF52EDFAD0BF64FA92" box="[414,569,1330,1352]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">13 (5mm)</td>
|
||
<td id="768B5DBCFFE4F7EF51D3FAD0BE61FA92" box="[672,828,1330,1352]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">15 (5mm)</td>
|
||
<td id="768B5DBCFFE4F7EF50D1FAD0B91CFA92" box="[930,1089,1330,1352]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">8 (5mm)</td>
|
||
<td id="768B5DBCFFE4F7EF57D6FAD0B81DFA92" box="[1189,1344,1330,1352]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">/</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355A34C0FFE4F7EF53EFFABEB81DFAA8" box="[156,1344,1372,1394]" gridrow="10" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<th id="768B5DBCFFE4F7EF53EFFABEBC5DFAA8" box="[156,256,1372,1394]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">MB</th>
|
||
<td id="768B5DBCFFE4F7EF52EDFABEBF64FAA8" box="[414,569,1372,1394]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">20 (5mm)</td>
|
||
<td id="768B5DBCFFE4F7EF51D3FABEBE61FAA8" box="[672,828,1372,1394]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">19 (5mm)</td>
|
||
<td id="768B5DBCFFE4F7EF50D1FABEB91CFAA8" box="[930,1089,1372,1394]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">/</td>
|
||
<td id="768B5DBCFFE4F7EF57D6FABEB81DFAA8" box="[1189,1344,1372,1394]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">/</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355A34C0FFE4F7EF53EFFA67B81DFA41" box="[156,1344,1413,1435]" gridrow="11" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<th id="768B5DBCFFE4F7EF53EFFA67BC5DFA41" box="[156,256,1413,1435]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">DA</th>
|
||
<td id="768B5DBCFFE4F7EF52EDFA67BF64FA41" box="[414,569,1413,1435]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">12 (5mm)</td>
|
||
<td id="768B5DBCFFE4F7EF51D3FA67BE61FA41" box="[672,828,1413,1435]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">12 (5mm)</td>
|
||
<td id="768B5DBCFFE4F7EF50D1FA67B91CFA41" box="[930,1089,1413,1435]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">7 (5mm)</td>
|
||
<td id="768B5DBCFFE4F7EF57D6FA67B81DFA41" box="[1189,1344,1413,1435]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">8 (1mm)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355A34C0FFE4F7EF53EFFA4CB81DFA1E" box="[156,1344,1454,1476]" gridrow="12" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<th id="768B5DBCFFE4F7EF53EFFA4CBC5DFA1E" box="[156,256,1454,1476]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">DC</th>
|
||
<td id="768B5DBCFFE4F7EF52EDFA4CBF64FA1E" box="[414,569,1454,1476]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">11 (5mm)</td>
|
||
<td id="768B5DBCFFE4F7EF51D3FA4CBE61FA1E" box="[672,828,1454,1476]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">14 (5mm)</td>
|
||
<td id="768B5DBCFFE4F7EF50D1FA4CB91CFA1E" box="[930,1089,1454,1476]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">8 (5mm)</td>
|
||
<td id="768B5DBCFFE4F7EF57D6FA4CB81DFA1E" box="[1189,1344,1454,1476]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">9 (1mm)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355A34C0FFE4F7EF53EFFA3AB81DFA34" box="[156,1344,1496,1518]" gridrow="13" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<th id="768B5DBCFFE4F7EF53EFFA3ABC5DFA34" box="[156,256,1496,1518]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">DB</th>
|
||
<td id="768B5DBCFFE4F7EF52EDFA3ABF64FA34" box="[414,569,1496,1518]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">15 (5mm)</td>
|
||
<td id="768B5DBCFFE4F7EF51D3FA3ABE61FA34" box="[672,828,1496,1518]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">19 (5mm)</td>
|
||
<td id="768B5DBCFFE4F7EF50D1FA3AB91CFA34" box="[930,1089,1496,1518]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">11 (5mm)</td>
|
||
<td id="768B5DBCFFE4F7EF57D6FA3AB81DFA34" box="[1189,1344,1496,1518]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">9 (1mm)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355A34C0FFE4F7EF53EFF9E3B81DF9CD" box="[156,1344,1537,1559]" gridrow="14" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<th id="768B5DBCFFE4F7EF53EFF9E3BC5DF9CD" box="[156,256,1537,1559]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">MAVG</th>
|
||
<td id="768B5DBCFFE4F7EF52EDF9E3BF64F9CD" box="[414,569,1537,1559]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">14.66 (5mm)</td>
|
||
<td id="768B5DBCFFE4F7EF51D3F9E3BE61F9CD" box="[672,828,1537,1559]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">16 (5mm)</td>
|
||
<td id="768B5DBCFFE4F7EF50D1F9E3B91CF9CD" box="[930,1089,1537,1559]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">8 (5mm)</td>
|
||
<td id="768B5DBCFFE4F7EF57D6F9E3B81DF9CD" box="[1189,1344,1537,1559]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">?</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355A34C0FFE4F7EF53EFF9C8B81DF99A" box="[156,1344,1578,1600]" gridrow="15" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<th id="768B5DBCFFE4F7EF53EFF9C8BC5DF99A" box="[156,256,1578,1600]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">DAVG</th>
|
||
<td id="768B5DBCFFE4F7EF52EDF9C8BF64F99A" box="[414,569,1578,1600]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">12.667 (5mm)</td>
|
||
<td id="768B5DBCFFE4F7EF51D3F9C8BE61F99A" box="[672,828,1578,1600]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">15 (5mm)</td>
|
||
<td id="768B5DBCFFE4F7EF50D1F9C8B91CF99A" box="[930,1089,1578,1600]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">8.666 (5mm)</td>
|
||
<td id="768B5DBCFFE4F7EF57D6F9C8B81DF99A" box="[1189,1344,1578,1600]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">9.75 (1mm)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355A34C0FFE4F7EF53EFF9B6B81DF9B0" box="[156,1344,1620,1642]" gridrow="16" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<th id="768B5DBCFFE4F7EF53EFF9B6BC5DF9B0" box="[156,256,1620,1642]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">DSDI</th>
|
||
<td id="768B5DBCFFE4F7EF52EDF9B6BF64F9B0" box="[414,569,1620,1642]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">1.14</td>
|
||
<td id="768B5DBCFFE4F7EF51D3F9B6BE61F9B0" box="[672,828,1620,1642]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">1.06</td>
|
||
<td id="768B5DBCFFE4F7EF50D1F9B6B91CF9B0" box="[930,1089,1620,1642]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">0.931</td>
|
||
<td id="768B5DBCFFE4F7EF57D6F9B6B81DF9B0" box="[1189,1344,1620,1642]" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">?</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD53682FFE4080253B4F94CBE54FE0A" blockId="17.[151,1436,1710,2023]" lastBlockId="18.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
The distal carina of ML 327 has 12 denticles per
|
||
<quantity id="4C929B67FFE408015181F94CBE6EF91C" box="[754,819,1710,1735]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
|
||
at the apex, 13 at the mid-crown, and around 15 at the crown base (but not near the cervix, this part being missing) so that they are similar in size to mesial denticles (DSDI of 1.14). In ML 966, 14, 12 and 14 denticles per
|
||
<quantity id="4C929B67FFE40801507DF914BE12F8D4" box="[782,847,1782,1807]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
|
||
can be observed at the apex, mid-crown and base of the crown, respectively, and this tooth also share a DSDI close to one (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6E80339FFE4080150B6F8F8B940F8E9" box="[965,1053,1818,1843]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="17.[151,241,908,931]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="TABLE 3. Morphometric measurements of four isolated theropod teeth from the Lourinhã Formation of Portugal." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF15660AFFE4080153E4FC6EB805FC79" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" tableUuid="DF15660AFFE4080153E4FC6EB805FC79">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
). Unlike the mesial denticles, the distal denticles of both crowns are longer mesio-distally than baso-apically, except in the apical denticles which are squared-like in shape, and the main axis of the denticles is perpendicular to the distal margin. In lateral view, some distal denticles of ML 327 show an external margin pointing slightly towards the tip of the crown (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13512A07FFE40801579BF864B860F845" box="[1256,1341,1926,1951]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="15.[151,249,1521,1543]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,865,1499]" captionTargetId="figure-435@15.[151,1436,865,1499]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 3. Isolated tooth (ML 327) of an Abelisauridae in lingual (A), mesial (B), labial (C), distal (D), apical (F), basal (G) and mesio-lingual (H) and labio-distal views. Apical denticles of the distal carina in labial view (E). Abbreviations: dca, distal carina; esp, enamel spalling; ids, interdenticular sulcus; idsp, interdenticular space; lgr, longitudinal groove; mca, mesial carina; tun, transversal undulation; wfa, wear facet." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5038672" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5038672/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 3E</figureCitation>
|
||
), so that the apical margin of the denticles is weakly concave whereas the basodistal margin is strongly convex. In all other distal denticles of ML 327 and all distal denticles of ML 966, the external margin is asymmetrically convex, with the denticle apex slightly apically positioned (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13512A07FFE7080251ECFF75BFB3FF6A" box="[671,750,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="16.[151,249,1692,1714]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,949,1671]" captionTargetId="figure-559@16.[151,1436,949,1671]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 4. Isolated tooth (ML 966) of an Abelisauridae in lingual (A), mesial (B), labial (C), distal (D), apical (F), basal (G) and linguo-distal (H) views. Mid-crown denticles of the distal carina in lingual view (E, I). Abbreviations: dca, distal carina; esp, enamel spalling; ids, interdenticular sulcus; idsp, interdenticular space; lgr, longitudinal groove; mca, mesial carina; mun, marginal undulation; tun, transversal undulation." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5038674" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5038674/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 4I</figureCitation>
|
||
). In both teeth, the labial and lingual surfaces of the denticle body are convex. The distal denticles also have a deeper interdenticular space than the mesial ones and their external margin is more acute, giving them a real chisel-like shape in distal view. In ML 327, the enamel layer is thicker than in the mesial denticles and, in both teeth, most of denticles show an elongated interdenticular sulcus diagonally oriented basally away from the denticles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13512A07FFE70802519DFEC5BE10FE9A" box="[750,845,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="15.[151,249,1521,1543]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,865,1499]" captionTargetId="figure-435@15.[151,1436,865,1499]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 3. Isolated tooth (ML 327) of an Abelisauridae in lingual (A), mesial (B), labial (C), distal (D), apical (F), basal (G) and mesio-lingual (H) and labio-distal views. Apical denticles of the distal carina in labial view (E). Abbreviations: dca, distal carina; esp, enamel spalling; ids, interdenticular sulcus; idsp, interdenticular space; lgr, longitudinal groove; mca, mesial carina; tun, transversal undulation; wfa, wear facet." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5038672" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5038672/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Figs. 3E</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="13512A07FFE7080250F7FEC5BEF5FE9A" box="[900,936,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="16.[151,249,1692,1714]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,949,1671]" captionTargetId="figure-559@16.[151,1436,949,1671]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 4. Isolated tooth (ML 966) of an Abelisauridae in lingual (A), mesial (B), labial (C), distal (D), apical (F), basal (G) and linguo-distal (H) views. Mid-crown denticles of the distal carina in lingual view (E, I). Abbreviations: dca, distal carina; esp, enamel spalling; ids, interdenticular sulcus; idsp, interdenticular space; lgr, longitudinal groove; mca, mesial carina; mun, marginal undulation; tun, transversal undulation." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5038674" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5038674/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">4E</figureCitation>
|
||
). These shallow grooves are parallel to each other and extend from the base of the interdenticular space and run on both labial and lingual faces of the crown. They are shorter in the apical denticles, and completely absent in the most apical one, both on the labial and lingual surface. Their inclination also tends to be reduced towards the root with interdenticular sulci being almost perpendicular to the distal margin in the basal denticles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD53682FFE7080253B4FE3EB8C1FC79" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE7080253B4FE3EBC77FE2F" bold="true" box="[199,298,476,501]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Surface.</emphasis>
|
||
The enamel surface of both crowns is very well preserved and shows perfectly a granular and irregular texture on both lingual and labial faces. Besides the large longitudinal depression present on the lingual face, transversal and shallow undulations are present on both lingual and distal surfaces in ML 327 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13512A07FFE708025783FDC6B860FDE7" box="[1264,1341,548,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="15.[151,249,1521,1543]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,865,1499]" captionTargetId="figure-435@15.[151,1436,865,1499]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 3. Isolated tooth (ML 327) of an Abelisauridae in lingual (A), mesial (B), labial (C), distal (D), apical (F), basal (G) and mesio-lingual (H) and labio-distal views. Apical denticles of the distal carina in labial view (E). Abbreviations: dca, distal carina; esp, enamel spalling; ids, interdenticular sulcus; idsp, interdenticular space; lgr, longitudinal groove; mca, mesial carina; tun, transversal undulation; wfa, wear facet." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5038672" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5038672/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 3I</figureCitation>
|
||
). On the labial face of this tooth, they form large parabolic furrows curving apically near the distal carina, disappearing on the mesial part of the labial face due to the strong curvature of the crown. On the lingual face of this crown, they are visible distally, near the distal carina, and also in the middle of the crown, in the mid-crown surface. The undulations are absent on both convex surface adjacent to the mesial carina and the longitudinal depression. Unlike the labial wrinkling, these undulations do not bent towards the tip of the crown near the carina. In ML 966, the transversal undulations are also clearly visible on both sides of the crown (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13512A07FFE70802575AFD1EB9D7FCCF" box="[1065,1162,764,789]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="16.[151,249,1692,1714]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,949,1671]" captionTargetId="figure-559@16.[151,1436,949,1671]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 4. Isolated tooth (ML 966) of an Abelisauridae in lingual (A), mesial (B), labial (C), distal (D), apical (F), basal (G) and linguo-distal (H) views. Mid-crown denticles of the distal carina in lingual view (E, I). Abbreviations: dca, distal carina; esp, enamel spalling; ids, interdenticular sulcus; idsp, interdenticular space; lgr, longitudinal groove; mca, mesial carina; mun, marginal undulation; tun, transversal undulation." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5038674" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5038674/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
|
||
). They are particularly pronounced close to the distal carina on the labial margin where they also curve apically adjacent to the distal carina (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13512A07FFE708025398FCA6BC32FC87" box="[235,367,836,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="16.[151,249,1692,1714]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,949,1671]" captionTargetId="figure-559@16.[151,1436,949,1671]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 4. Isolated tooth (ML 966) of an Abelisauridae in lingual (A), mesial (B), labial (C), distal (D), apical (F), basal (G) and linguo-distal (H) views. Mid-crown denticles of the distal carina in lingual view (E, I). Abbreviations: dca, distal carina; esp, enamel spalling; ids, interdenticular sulcus; idsp, interdenticular space; lgr, longitudinal groove; mca, mesial carina; mun, marginal undulation; tun, transversal undulation." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5038674" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5038674/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Figs. 4E, H</figureCitation>
|
||
). As in ML 327, the transversal undulations are large, parabolic and shallow on the lingual side of the crown, and they do not curve toward the apex close to the carinae. In both teeth, these undulations are parallel and irregularly spaced and there are approximately 3 to 4 wrinkles per
|
||
<quantity id="4C929B67FFE708025770FC6EB919FC79" box="[1027,1092,908,933]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
|
||
on both faces of those crowns.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3706509FFE7080653B4FC4DBDAFF89D" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD53682FFE7080253B4FC4DB987FBEF" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE7080253B4FC4DBC11FC12" bold="true" box="[199,332,943,968]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Discussion.</emphasis>
|
||
Since the root is absent, ML 327 and ML 966 are most likely shed teeth. The labio-lingual compression of these moderately large teeth (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37D7612FFE7080251E6FC36BFE3FC37" box="[661,702,980,1005]" name="Switzerland" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">CH</collectingCountry>
|
||
>
|
||
<quantity id="4C929B67FFE7080251AFFC36BE6DFC37" box="[732,816,980,1005]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 mm</quantity>
|
||
), associated with serrated mesial and distal carinae and curvature of the tip distally, is a plesiomorphic condition seen in theropod dinosaurs. Among known large terrestrial Jurassic groups of vertebrates, this combination of characters is only seen in theropods.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD53682FFE7080253B4FBDDBFC2FA1A" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
Although ML 966 is slightly bigger than ML 327 (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6E80339FFE708025067FBDDBE31FB82" box="[788,876,1087,1112]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="17.[151,241,908,931]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="TABLE 3. Morphometric measurements of four isolated theropod teeth from the Lourinhã Formation of Portugal." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF15660AFFE4080153E4FC6EB805FC79" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" tableUuid="DF15660AFFE4080153E4FC6EB805FC79">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
), both teeth can confidently be associated to the same taxon as they share the same outline, CBR, DSDI, and the following features: presence of well-developed interdenticular sulci pointing basally, transversal undulations on both labial and lingual faces, a mesial carina offset, strongly twisted lingually towards the root and reaching the cervix, a distal carina slightly sigmoid and lingually positioned, a lingual face baso-apically concave and a labial surface baso-apically sigmoid, and a lanceolate outline of the base-crown in cross-section. Nevertheless, some denticles of ML 327 differ from ML 966 as their external margins are pointing apically and are not asymmetrically convex on their entire distal margins. However, denticle recurvature can vary in tooth row (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B73FFE70802519EFADEBEB2FA8F" author="Fanti, F. & Therrien, F." box="[749,1007,1340,1365]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="155 - 166" refId="ref27983" refString="Fanti, F. & Therrien, F. (2007) Theropod tooth assemblages from the Late Cretaceous Maevarano Formation and the possible presence of dromaeosaurids in Madagascar. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 52, 155 - 166." type="journal article" year="2007">Fanti & Therrien 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; see below). The interdenticular space of the distal denticles is wider in ML 966, and the crown is also slightly more elongated than ML 327 (CHR of 1.95 and 1.58) but elongation of the crown also varies greatly along the tooth row in theropods (e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D01FFE70802578FFA66B8C9FA41" box="[1276,1428,1412,1435]" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratosauridae" genus="Ceratosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE70802578FFA66B8C9FA41" box="[1276,1428,1412,1435]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Ceratosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D01FFE7080253E4FA45BC4DFA1A" baseAuthorityName="Rauhut & Fechner" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[151,272,1447,1472]" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Allosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE7080253E4FA45BC4DFA1A" box="[151,272,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Allosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE70802526DFA4BBFD3FA1A" box="[286,654,1449,1472]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D01FFE70802526DFA4BBC81FA1A" box="[286,476,1449,1472]" class="Reptilia" family="Megalosauridae" genus="Proceratosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Proceratosaurus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D01FFE708025294FA4BBFD3FA1A" box="[487,654,1449,1472]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Tyrannosaurus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD53682FFE7080253B4FA2EB869F897" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
One of the most striking features in these two isolated teeth is the presence of tenuous to well-marked transversal undulations ('enamel wrinckles'
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE7080251FDFA13BF91F9D2" box="[654,716,1521,1544]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
Brusatte
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE70802504DFA13BE27F9D2" box="[830,890,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007) on the crown. Thought to be a possible tetanuran synapomorphy (Brusatte
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE70802514BF9F7BF25F9F7" box="[568,632,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007), transversal undulations are present on the crown of many theropods, from basal to derived forms, as well as metriorhynchid crocodylomorphs (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B73FFE708025705F9D5B83FF98A" author="De Andrade, M. & Young, M. T. & Desojo, J. B. & Brusatte, S. L." box="[1142,1378,1591,1616]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="1451 - 1465" refId="ref27614" refString="De Andrade, M., Young, M. T., Desojo, J. B. & Brusatte, S. L. (2010) The evolution of extreme hypercarnivory in Metriorhynchidae (Mesoeucrocodylia: Thalattosuchia) based on evidence from microscopic denticle morphology. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 30, 1451 - 1465. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 02724634.2010.501442" type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Andrade
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE708025791F9DBB843F98A" box="[1250,1310,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and rauisuchian crurotarsans (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B73FFE7080252CAF9BEBFF1F9AF" author="Brusatte, S. L. & Butler, R. J. & Sulej, T. & Niedzwiedzki, G." box="[441,684,1628,1653]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="221 - 230" refId="ref24816" refString="Brusatte, S. L., Butler, R. J., Sulej, T. & Niedzwiedzki, G. (2009 b) The taxonomy and anatomy of rauisuchian archosaurs from the Late Triassic of Germany and Poland. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 54, 221 - 230. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1073 / pnas. 0906911106" type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Brusatte
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE708025152F9BFBF07F9AF" box="[545,602,1628,1653]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2009b
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and this feature cannot therefore be considered as a reliable tool alone for identifying teeth. In theropods, they have indeed been observed in basalmost theropods such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D01FFE7080253E4F946BCF6F967" box="[151,427,1700,1725]" class="Reptilia" family="Herrerasauridae" genus="Sanjuansaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gordilloi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE7080253E4F946BCF6F967" box="[151,427,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Sanjuansaurus gordilloi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(PVSJ 605) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D01FFE7080251F1F946BE31F967" box="[642,876,1700,1725]" class="Reptilia" genus="Eodromaeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="murphi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE7080251F1F946BE31F967" box="[642,876,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Eodromaeus murphi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(PVSJ 561), ceratosaurs such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D01FFE708025677F946BC51F905" baseAuthorityName="Madsen & Welles" baseAuthorityYear="2000" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratosauridae" genus="Ceratosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nasicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE708025677F946BC51F905" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Ceratosaurus nasicornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(USNM VP 4735),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D01FFE708025161F925BE7AF93A" box="[530,807,1735,1760]" class="Reptilia" genus="Berberosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="liassicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE708025161F925BE7AF93A" box="[530,807,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Berberosaurus liassicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MNHN Pt369),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D01FFE70802577BF925B9BFF93A" authorityName="Woodward" authorityYear="1901" box="[1032,1250,1735,1760]" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratosauridae" genus="Genyodectes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="serus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE70802577BF925B9BFF93A" box="[1032,1250,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Genyodectes serus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MLP 26–39),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D01FFE7080253E4F90EBCE6F8DF" box="[151,443,1772,1797]" class="Reptilia" family="Abelisauridae" genus="Abelisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="comahuensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE7080253E4F90EBCE6F8DF" box="[151,443,1772,1797]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Abelisaurus comahuensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MPCA 1, 229, 687),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D01FFE7080251A5F90EBE98F8DF" box="[726,965,1772,1797]" class="Reptilia" family="Abelisauridae" genus="Aucasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="garridoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE7080251A5F90EBE98F8DF" box="[726,965,1772,1797]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Aucasaurus garridoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MCF-PVPH 236) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D01FFE70802579FF90FBF4AF8F2" authority="(FMNH PR 2278)" baseAuthorityName="FMNH PR" baseAuthorityYear="2278" class="Reptilia" family="Abelisauridae" genus="Majungasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crenatissimus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE70802579FF90FBC6DF8FD" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Majungasaurus crenatissimus</emphasis>
|
||
(FMNH PR 2278)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, all non-Maniraptoriformes tetanurans (see Brusatte
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE7080257F8F8F3B994F8F2" box="[1163,1225,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007), and some deinonychosaurs like
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D01FFE7080252F8F8D6BF0AF897" box="[395,599,1844,1869]" class="Reptilia" family="Troodontidae" genus="Troodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="formosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE7080252F8F8D6BF0AF897" box="[395,599,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Troodon formosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(DMNH 22337) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D01FFE70802503AF8D7B922F897" authorityName="Matthew & Brown" authorityYear="1922" box="[841,1151,1844,1869]" class="Reptilia" family="Dromaeosauridae" genus="Dromaeosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albertensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE70802503AF8D7B922F897" box="[841,1151,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Dromaeosaurus albertensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(AMNH 5356).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD53682FFE7080353B4F8BABFCDFE77" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="19.[151,1436,151,2013]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
ML 966 also displays pronounced undulations adjacent to the distal carina. Short and marginal undulations close to carinae are a well-known feature of carcharodontosaurids teeth (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B73FFE7080250B9F89EB9C1F84F" author="Sereno, P. C. & Dutheil, D. B. & Larochene, M. & Larsson, H. C. E. & Lyon, G. H. & Magwene, P. M. & Sidor, C. A. & Varricchio, D. J. & Wilson, J. A." box="[970,1180,1916,1941]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="986 - 991" refId="ref35525" refString="Sereno, P. C., Dutheil, D. B., Larochene, M., Larsson, H. C. E., Lyon, G. H., Magwene, P. M., Sidor, C. A., Varricchio, D. J. & Wilson, J. A. (1996) Predatory dinosaurs from the Sahara and Late Cretaceous faunal differentiation. Science, 272, 986 - 991. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1126 / science. 272.5264.986" type="journal article" year="1996">
|
||
Sereno
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE708025752F89FB907F84F" box="[1057,1114,1916,1941]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1996
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B73FFE7080257DBF89EB8C8F84F" author="Coria, R. A. & Currie, P. J." box="[1192,1429,1916,1941]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="71 - 118" refId="ref26607" refString="Coria, R. A. & Currie, P. J. (2006) A new carcharodontosaurid (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from the Upper Cretaceous of Argentina. Geodiversitas, 28, 71 - 118." type="journal article" year="2006">Coria & Currie 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) as they appear on the teeth of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D01FFE708025295F842BE12F863" baseAuthorityName="Deperet & Savornin" baseAuthorityYear="1925" box="[486,847,1952,1977]" class="Reptilia" family="Carcharodontosauridae" genus="Carcharodontosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="saharicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE708025295F842BE12F863" box="[486,847,1952,1977]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Carcharodontosaurus saharicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(SGM Din-1; UC PV6),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D01FFE708025718F843B815F862" authorityName="Coria & Currie" authorityYear="2006" box="[1131,1352,1953,1976]" class="Reptilia" family="Carcharodontosauridae" genus="Mapusaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="roseae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE708025718F843B815F862" box="[1131,1352,1953,1976]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Mapusaurus roseae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MCF- PVPH 108) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D01FFE708025214F826BFD7F807" authorityName="Coria & Salgado" authorityYear="1995" box="[359,650,1988,2013]" class="Reptilia" family="Carcharodontosauridae" genus="Giganotosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carolinii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE708025214F826BFD7F807" box="[359,650,1988,2013]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Giganotosaurus carolinii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MUCPv-CH-1). However, marginal undulations have also been reported among non-carcharodontosaurid theropods such as the abelisaurid
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D01FFE608035096FF75BC5DFF0F" authority="(Canale et al. 2009)" baseAuthorityName="Canale" baseAuthorityYear="2009" class="Reptilia" family="Abelisauridae" genus="Skorpiovenator" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bustingorryi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE608035096FF75B87EFF6A" box="[997,1315,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Skorpiovenator bustingorryi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B73FFE608035642FF75BDA5FF0F" author="Canale, J. I. & Scanferla, C. A. & Agnolin, F. L. & Novas, F. E." pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="409 - 414" refId="ref25522" refString="Canale, J. I., Scanferla, C. A., Agnolin, F. L. & Novas, F. E. (2009) New carnivorous dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous of NW Patagonia and the evolution of abelisaurid theropods. Naturwissenschaften, 96, 409 - 414. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00114 - 008 - 0487 - 4" type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Canale
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE6080356FBFF7BBDE9FF0F" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. They actually seem to be present in a large range of non-coelurosaur averostrans as they have also been noticed in other ceratosaurs such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D01FFE608035143FF02BE18FF2D" baseAuthorityName="Madsen & Welles" baseAuthorityYear="2000" box="[560,837,224,247]" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratosauridae" genus="Ceratosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nasicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE608035143FF02BE18FF2D" box="[560,837,224,247]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Ceratosaurus nasicornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(USNM 4735),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D01FFE60803508DFF3DB840FF22" box="[1022,1309,223,248]" class="Reptilia" family="Abelisauridae" genus="Abelisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="comahuensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE60803508DFF3DB840FF22" box="[1022,1309,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Abelisaurus comahuensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MPCA 5) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D01FFE6080353A3FEE7BFB4FEC7" authority="(FMNH 2100)" baseAuthorityName="FMNH PR" baseAuthorityYear="2100" box="[208,745,260,285]" class="Reptilia" family="Abelisauridae" genus="Majungasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crenatissimus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE6080353A3FEE7BF74FEC6" box="[208,553,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Majungasaurus crenatissimus</emphasis>
|
||
(FMNH 2100)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, megalosaurids like
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D01FFE608035098FEE6B9ADFEC7" box="[1003,1264,260,285]" class="Reptilia" family="Megalosauridae" genus="Afrovenator" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="abakensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE608035098FEE6B9ADFEC7" box="[1003,1264,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Afrovenator abakensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(UC UBA1),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D01FFE6080353E4FEC5BCE9FE9A" authorityName="Mantell" authorityYear="1827" box="[151,436,295,320]" class="Reptilia" family="Megalosauridae" genus="Megalosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bucklandii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE6080353E4FEC5BCE9FE9A" box="[151,436,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Megalosaurus bucklandii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(NHM R.234; OUMNH J.23014) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D01FFE608035016FECBB996FE9A" authority="(ML 1100)" baseAuthorityName="ML" baseAuthorityYear="1100" box="[869,1227,295,320]" class="Reptilia" family="Megalosauridae" genus="Torvosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tanneri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE608035016FECBB91AFEE5" box="[869,1095,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Torvosaurus tanneri</emphasis>
|
||
(ML 1100)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, spinosaurids such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D01FFE6080353CAFEAFBCD9FEBF" authorityName="Charig & Milner" authorityYear="1986" box="[185,388,332,357]" class="Reptilia" family="Spinosauridae" genus="Baryonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="walkeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE6080353CAFEAFBCD9FEBF" box="[185,388,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Baryonyx walkeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(NHM R.9951),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D01FFE608035121FEAEBE06FEBE" authorityName="Sereno, Beck, Dutheil, Gado, Larsson, Lyon, Marcot, Rauhut, Sadleir, Sidor, Varrichio, Wilson & Wilson" authorityYear="1998" box="[594,859,332,357]" class="Reptilia" family="Spinosauridae" genus="Suchomimus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tenerensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE608035121FEAEBE06FEBE" box="[594,859,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Suchomimus tenerensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MNN G35-9), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D01FFE608035720FEAFB866FEBF" box="[1107,1339,332,357]" class="Reptilia" family="Spinosauridae" genus="Irritator" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="challengeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE608035720FEAFB866FEBF" box="[1107,1339,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Irritator challengeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(SMNS 58022), and other allosauroids like
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D01FFE60803514DFE8DBE48FE52" authorityName="Marsh" authorityYear="1877" box="[574,789,367,392]" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Allosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fragilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE60803514DFE8DBE48FE52" box="[574,789,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Allosaurus fragilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(USNM 8335),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D01FFE6080350AFFE93B9EEFE52" box="[988,1203,367,392]" class="Reptilia" family="Carcharodontosauridae" genus="Neovenator" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="salerii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE6080350AFFE93B9EEFE52" box="[988,1203,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Neovenator salerii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MIWG 6348) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D01FFE6080353E4FE76BC8FFE77" authorityName="Stovall & Langston" authorityYear="1950" box="[151,466,404,429]" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Acrocanthosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atokensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE6080353E4FE76BC8FFE77" box="[151,466,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Acrocanthosaurus atokensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(NCSM 14345).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD53682FFE6080353B4FE55BE8AFCE2" blockId="19.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
Both teeth also possess a slightly curved distal profile of the crown, with the apex of the teeth located just apical to the most distal point of the crown at the cervix. This feature was considered to be a potential synapomorphy for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D01FFE60803521EFE1DBF54FDC2" authorityName="Bonaparte & Novas" authorityYear="1985" box="[365,521,511,536]" class="Reptilia" family="Abelisauridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Abelisauridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B73FFE608035147FE1DBF97FDC2" author="Smith, J. B." box="[564,714,511,536]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="103 - 126" refId="ref36098" refString="Smith, J. B. (2007) Dental morphology and variation in Majungasaurus crenatissimus (Theropoda: Abelisauridae) from the late Cretaceous of Madagascar. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 27, 103 - 126. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1671 / 0272 - 4634 (2007) 27 [103: dmavim] 2.0. co; 2" type="journal article" year="2007">Smith (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as a straight or slightly curved distal profile of the crown exists in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D01FFE6080353C4FDC7BF57FDE6" baseAuthorityName="FMNH PR" baseAuthorityYear="2100" box="[183,522,549,572]" class="Reptilia" family="Abelisauridae" genus="Majungasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crenatissimus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE6080353C4FDC7BF57FDE6" box="[183,522,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Majungasaurus crenatissimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D01FFE608035168FDC6BE50FDE6" baseAuthorityName="AMNH" baseAuthorityYear="1753" box="[539,781,548,573]" class="Reptilia" family="Abelisauridae" genus="Indosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="raptorius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE608035168FDC6BE50FDE6" box="[539,781,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Indosuchus raptorius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D01FFE60803506DFDC7BE97FDE6" box="[798,970,549,572]" class="Reptilia" family="Abelisauridae" genus="Rugops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="primus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE60803506DFDC7BE97FDE6" box="[798,970,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Rugops primus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE6080350AFFDC7B8C1FDE7" box="[988,1436,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D01FFE6080350AFFDC7B9FFFDE7" authorityName="Sereno & Brusatte" authorityYear="2008" box="[988,1186,548,573]" class="Reptilia" family="Abelisauridae" genus="Kryptops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="palaios">Kryptops palaios</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D01FFE6080357C3FDC6B8C1FDE7" box="[1200,1436,548,573]" class="Reptilia" family="Abelisauridae" genus="Aucasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="garridoi">Aucasaurus garridoi</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(Smith & Vechia 2006;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B73FFE6080352D6FDA5BFE4FDBA" author="Smith, J. B. & Lamanna, M. C." box="[421,697,583,608]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="242 - 245" refId="ref36296" refString="Smith, J. B. & Lamanna, M. C. (2006) An abelisaurid from the Late Cretaceous of Egypt: implications for theropod biogeography. Naturwissenschaften, 93, 242 - 245. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00114 - 006 - 0092 - 3" type="journal article" year="2006">Smith & Lamanna 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B73FFE6080351B6FDA5BE16FDBA" author="Smith, J. B." box="[709,843,583,608]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="103 - 126" refId="ref36098" refString="Smith, J. B. (2007) Dental morphology and variation in Majungasaurus crenatissimus (Theropoda: Abelisauridae) from the late Cretaceous of Madagascar. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 27, 103 - 126. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1671 / 0272 - 4634 (2007) 27 [103: dmavim] 2.0. co; 2" type="journal article" year="2007">Smith 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B73FFE60803502BFDA5B95FFDBA" author="Candeiro, C. R. A." box="[856,1026,583,608]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refId="ref25596" refString="Candeiro, C. R. A. (2007) Padroes morfologicos dos dentes de Abelisauroidea e Carcharodontosauridae (Theropoda, Dinosauria) do Cretaceo da America do Sul. Unpublished Ph. D. dissertation, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 208 pp." type="book" year="2007">Candeiro 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; pers. obs.) and many indeterminate abelisaurids (e.g., UCPC 10; MNHN MRS 1619, MRS 1620). Although the distal profile of the crown displays a strong curvature in most other theropods (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B73FFE60803511CFD6DBE56FD72" author="Ezcurra, M. D." box="[623,779,655,680]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="1339 - 1344" refId="ref27869" refString="Ezcurra, M. D. (2009) Theropod remains from the uppermost Cretaceous of Colombia and their implications for the palaeozoogeography of western Gondwana. Cretaceous Research, 30, 1339 - 1344. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. cretres. 2009.08.004" type="journal article" year="2009">Ezcurra 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; pers. obs.), a weak curvature of the distal profile can also occur in some teeth of basalmost theropods (PVSJ 512), ceratosaurids (USNM 4735; MLP 26-39), noasaurids (PVL 4061), allosauroids (SGM Din1; MCF-PVH 108.43), tyrannosauroids (MIWG 1997.550; USNM 12814; FMNH
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49AEF860FFE60803539CFD1EBC4EFCCF" box="[239,275,764,789]" country="Brazil" name="Para" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">PR</collectingRegion>
|
||
2081) and some coelurosaurs (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B73FFE608035114FD1EBE6EFCCF" author="Currie, P. J. & Rigby, J. K. Jr. & Sloan, R. E." box="[615,819,764,789]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="107 - 125" refId="ref27270" refString="Currie, P. J., Rigby, J. K. Jr. & Sloan, R. E. (1990) Theropod teeth from the Judith River Formation of southern Alberta, Canada. In: Carpenter, K. & Currie, P. J. (Eds.), Dinosaur Systematics: Approaches and Perspectives. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, pp. 107 - 125. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / cbo 9780511608377.011" type="book chapter" year="1990">
|
||
Currie
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE6080351C4FD1FBFADFCCF" box="[695,752,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1990
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 8.5A;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B73FFE6080350C2FD1EB9DBFCCF" author="Sankey, J. T. & Brinkman, D. B. & Guenther, M. & Currie, P. J." box="[945,1158,764,789]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="751 - 763" refId="ref35018" refString="Sankey, J. T., Brinkman, D. B., Guenther, M. & Currie, P. J. (2002) Small theropod and bird teeth from the Late Cretaceous (late Campanian) Judith River Group, Alberta. Journal of Paleontology, 76, 751 - 763. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1666 / 0022 - 3360 (2002) 076 % 3 C 0751: stabtf % 3 E 2.0. co; 2" type="journal article" year="2002">
|
||
Sankey
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE608035779FD1FB91EFCCF" box="[1034,1091,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2002
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 4.10); therefore, the systematic utility of this feature requires association with other characters.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD53682FFE6080353B4FCA6B85BFB1F" blockId="19.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
Nevertheless, the presence of strongly developed and elongated interdenticular sulci between distal denticles seems to be a condition genuinely shared by non-maniraptoriform averostrans. This feature has been observed in the abelisaurids
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D01FFE608035221FC6FBF49FC7F" authorityName="Sereno & Brusatte" authorityYear="2008" box="[338,532,908,933]" class="Reptilia" family="Abelisauridae" genus="Kryptops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="palaios">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE608035221FC6FBF49FC7F" box="[338,532,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Kryptops palaios</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MNN GAD1−1) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D01FFE608035053FC6FB92FFC7E" baseAuthorityName="FMNH PR" baseAuthorityYear="2100" box="[800,1138,909,932]" class="Reptilia" family="Abelisauridae" genus="Majungasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crenatissimus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE608035053FC6FB92FFC7E" box="[800,1138,909,932]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Majungasaurus crenatissimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(FMNH
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49AEF860FFE6080357ACFC6EB85CFC79" box="[1247,1281,908,931]" country="Brazil" name="Para" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">PR</collectingRegion>
|
||
2100, 2278), the megalosauroid
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D01FFE608035207FC4DBFDDFC12" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1979" box="[372,640,943,968]" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Piatnitzkysaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="floresi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE608035207FC4DBFDDFC12" box="[372,640,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Piatnitzkysaurus floresi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(PVL 4073), the megalosaurids
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D01FFE608035777FC4DB840FC12" baseAuthorityName="Eudes-Deslongchamps" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[1028,1309,943,968]" class="Reptilia" family="Megalosauridae" genus="Megalosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bucklandi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE608035777FC4DB840FC12" box="[1028,1309,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Megalosaurus bucklandi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(OUMNH
|
||
<accessionNumber id="9439AB61FFE6080353E4FC36BDB7FC37" box="[151,234,980,1005]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/J13506" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="EnaNcbi">J13506</accessionNumber>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D01FFE60803525AFC37BFCEFC37" authority="(ML 1100)" baseAuthorityName="ML" baseAuthorityYear="1100" box="[297,659,980,1005]" class="Reptilia" family="Megalosauridae" genus="Torvosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tanneri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE60803525AFC37BF50FC36" box="[297,525,981,1004]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Torvosaurus tanneri</emphasis>
|
||
(ML 1100)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the carcharodontosaurids
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D01FFE6080350B2FC36B981FC37" authorityName="Coria & Salgado" authorityYear="1995" box="[961,1244,980,1005]" class="Reptilia" family="Carcharodontosauridae" genus="Giganotosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carolinii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE6080350B2FC36B981FC37" box="[961,1244,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Giganotosaurus carolinii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MUCPv-CH-1) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D01FFE6080353B5FC1BBCFEFBCA" authorityName="Coria & Currie" authorityYear="2006" box="[198,419,1017,1040]" class="Reptilia" family="Carcharodontosauridae" genus="Mapusaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="roseae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE6080353B5FC1BBCFEFBCA" box="[198,419,1017,1040]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Mapusaurus roseae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MCF-PVPH-108), and the tyrannosaurid
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D01FFE6080350F7FC1BB878FBCA" authority="(FMNH PR 2081)" baseAuthorityName="FMNH PR" baseAuthorityYear="2081" box="[900,1317,1015,1040]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE6080350F7FC1BB908FBCA" box="[900,1109,1017,1040]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Tyrannosaurus rex</emphasis>
|
||
(FMNH PR2081)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, an irregular texture of the enamel (i.e., no specific orientation of the enamel wrinkling texture) seems to be present in most non-tetanurans theropods such as Coelophysoidea and Abelisauroidea, some tyrannosaurids and many primitive coelurosaurs,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D01FFE6080352D1FB86BF31FBA7" box="[418,620,1124,1149]" class="Reptilia" family="Compsognathidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Compsognathidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and Deinonychosauria (pers. obs.). On the other hand, a braided/veined oriented texture of the enamel has been observed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D01FFE608035043FB65BC02FB1F" authority=", Megalosauroidea, Allosauroidea and Tyrannosauroidea" authorityName="Megalosauroidea, Allosauroidea and Tyrannosauroidea" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratosauridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Ceratosauridae, Megalosauroidea, Allosauroidea and Tyrannosauroidea</taxonomicName>
|
||
and it is therefore unlikely that ML 327 and ML 966 belong to one of those clades.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD53682FFE6080353B4FB2DB941F8D9" blockId="19.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
A peculiar anatomical feature of ML 327 is also the presence of distal denticles with an apex pointing towards the tip, a feature present in the teeth of some abelisauroids such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D01FFE6080350DAFB16B99EFAD7" box="[937,1219,1268,1293]" class="Reptilia" family="Noasauridae" genus="Masiakasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="knopfleri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE6080350DAFB16B99EFAD7" box="[937,1219,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Masiakasaurus knopfleri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(FMNH
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49AEF860FFE608035642FB16B80EFAD1" box="[1329,1363,1268,1291]" country="Brazil" name="Para" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">PR</collectingRegion>
|
||
2221, 2296),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D01FFE60803539BFAFBBCF7FAEA" authorityName="Sereno & Brusatte" authorityYear="2008" box="[232,426,1303,1328]" class="Reptilia" family="Abelisauridae" genus="Kryptops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="palaios">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE60803539BFAFBBCF7FAEA" box="[232,426,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Kryptops palaios</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MNN GAD1−1),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D01FFE6080351FBFAFBBE6FFAF5" box="[648,818,1304,1328]" class="Reptilia" family="Abelisauridae" genus="Rugops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="primus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE6080351FBFAFBBE6FFAF5" box="[648,818,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Rugops primus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MNN IGU1),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D01FFE608035094FAFAB864FAF5" baseAuthorityName="FMNH PR" baseAuthorityYear="2100" box="[999,1337,1304,1327]" class="Reptilia" family="Abelisauridae" genus="Majungasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crenatissimus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE608035094FAFAB864FAF5" box="[999,1337,1304,1327]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Majungasaurus crenatissimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(FMNH
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49AEF860FFE6080353E4FADEBDE4FA89" box="[151,185,1340,1363]" country="Brazil" name="Para" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">PR</collectingRegion>
|
||
2008, 2100, 2278) and other abelisaurid taxa (e.g., MUCPv 482; MUCPv 641). Among large theropods like ceratosaurids, megalosauroids, allosauroids and tyrannosauroids, the denticles are symmetrically rounded or slightly asymmetrically convex in lateral view but never hooked apically (
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE608035756FA67B933FA46" box="[1061,1134,1413,1436]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">contra</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B73FFE60803570EFA66B831FA47" author="Bakker, R. T. & Bir, G." box="[1149,1388,1412,1437]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="301 - 342" refId="ref23451" refString="Bakker, R. T. & Bir, G. (2004) Dinosaur crime scene investigations: Theropod behavior at Como Bluff, Wyoming, and the evolution of birdness. In: Currie, P. J., Koppelhus, E. B., Shugar, M. A. & Wright, J. L. (Eds.), Feathered Dragons: Studies on the Transition from Dinosaurs to Birds. Indiana University Press, Bloomington, pp. 301 - 342." type="book chapter" year="2004">Bakker & Bir 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for ceratosaurids and allosaurids, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B73FFE608035159FA45BFEDFA1A" author="Smith, J. B." box="[554,688,1447,1472]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="103 - 126" refId="ref36098" refString="Smith, J. B. (2007) Dental morphology and variation in Majungasaurus crenatissimus (Theropoda: Abelisauridae) from the late Cretaceous of Madagascar. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 27, 103 - 126. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1671 / 0272 - 4634 (2007) 27 [103: dmavim] 2.0. co; 2" type="journal article" year="2007">Smith 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for tyrannosaurids;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B73FFE6080350D3FA45B92BFA1A" author="Currie, P. J. & Rigby, J. K. Jr. & Sloan, R. E." box="[928,1142,1447,1472]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="107 - 125" refId="ref27270" refString="Currie, P. J., Rigby, J. K. Jr. & Sloan, R. E. (1990) Theropod teeth from the Judith River Formation of southern Alberta, Canada. In: Carpenter, K. & Currie, P. J. (Eds.), Dinosaur Systematics: Approaches and Perspectives. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, pp. 107 - 125. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / cbo 9780511608377.011" type="book chapter" year="1990">
|
||
Currie
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE608035080FA4BB96DFA1A" box="[1011,1072,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1990
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B73FFE6080357F5FA45B851FA1A" author="Abler, W. L." box="[1158,1292,1447,1472]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="161 - 183" refId="ref22785" refString="Abler, W. L. (1992) The serrated teeth of tyrannosaurid dinosaurs, and biting structures in other animals. Paleobiology, 18, 161 - 183." type="journal article" year="1992">Abler 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; pers. obs.). Slightly to strongly hooked distal denticles can also be observed in the basal saurischian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D01FFE6080357FCFA2FB806FA3F" box="[1167,1371,1484,1509]" class="Reptilia" genus="Eoraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lunensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE6080357FCFA2FB806FA3F" box="[1167,1371,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Eoraptor lunensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(e.g., third right premaxillary tooth; PVSJ 512) and many
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D01FFE6080351AEFA0DBE2EF9D2" box="[733,883,1519,1544]" class="Reptilia" family="Troodontidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Troodontidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B73FFE6080350CAFA0DB91FF9D2" author="Currie, P. J." box="[953,1090,1519,1544]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="72 - 81" refId="ref26774" refString="Currie, P. J. (1987) Bird-like characteristics of the jaws and teeth of troodontid theropods (Dinosauria, Saurischia). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 7, 72 - 81. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 02724634.1987.10011638" type="journal article" year="1987">Currie 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B73FFE60803573EFA0DB848F9D2" author="Currie, P. J. & Rigby, J. K. Jr. & Sloan, R. E." box="[1101,1301,1519,1544]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="107 - 125" refId="ref27270" refString="Currie, P. J., Rigby, J. K. Jr. & Sloan, R. E. (1990) Theropod teeth from the Judith River Formation of southern Alberta, Canada. In: Carpenter, K. & Currie, P. J. (Eds.), Dinosaur Systematics: Approaches and Perspectives. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, pp. 107 - 125. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / cbo 9780511608377.011" type="book chapter" year="1990">
|
||
Currie
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE6080357E8FA13B98EF9D2" box="[1179,1235,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1990
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B73FFE608035653FA0DBD8EF9F7" author="Holtz, T. R. Jr. & Brinkman, D. L. & Chandler, C. L." pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="159 - 166" refId="ref29666" refString="Holtz, T. R. Jr., Brinkman, D. L. & Chandler, C. L. (1998) Denticle morphometrics and a possibly omnivorous feeding habit for the theropod dinosaur Troodon. Gaia, 15, 159 - 166." type="journal article" year="1998">
|
||
Holtz
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE608035617FA13B8C1F9D2" box="[1380,1436,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1998
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B73FFE6080353ADF9F6BCDAF9F7" author="Longrich, N." box="[222,391,1556,1581]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="135 - 158" refId="ref31009" refString="Longrich, N. (2008) Small theropod teeth from the Lance Formation of Wyoming, USA. In: Sankey, J. T. & Baszio, S. (Eds.), Vertebrate Microfossil Assemblage s. Indiana University Press, Bloomington, pp. 135 - 158." type="book chapter" year="2008">Longrich 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; pers. obs.) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D01FFE60803514DF9F6BE5EF9F7" authorityName="Matthew & Brown" authorityYear="1922" box="[574,771,1556,1581]" class="Reptilia" family="Dromaeosauridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Dromaeosauridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B73FFE608035038F9F6B948F9F7" author="Currie, P. J. & Rigby, J. K. Jr. & Sloan, R. E." box="[843,1045,1556,1581]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="107 - 125" refId="ref27270" refString="Currie, P. J., Rigby, J. K. Jr. & Sloan, R. E. (1990) Theropod teeth from the Judith River Formation of southern Alberta, Canada. In: Carpenter, K. & Currie, P. J. (Eds.), Dinosaur Systematics: Approaches and Perspectives. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, pp. 107 - 125. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / cbo 9780511608377.011" type="book chapter" year="1990">
|
||
Currie
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE6080350E9F9F7BE8EF9F7" box="[922,979,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1990
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B73FFE608035752F9F6B819F9F7" author="Currie, P. J. & Varricchio, D. J." box="[1057,1348,1556,1581]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="112 - 132" refId="ref27103" refString="Currie, P. J. & Varricchio, D. J. (2004) A new dromaeosaurid from the Horseshoe Canyon Formation (upper Cretaceous) of Alberta, Canada. In: Currie, P. J., Koppelhus, E. B., Shugar, M. A. & Wright, J. L. (Eds.), Feathered Dragons: Studies on the Transition from Dinosaurs to Birds. Indiana University Press, Bloomington, pp. 112 - 132. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / s 0016756805300434" type="book chapter" year="2004">Currie & Varricchio 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B73FFE608035623F9F6BD8EF98A" author="Baszio, S." pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="33 - 77" refId="ref23729" refString="Baszio, S. (1997) Systematic palaeontology of isolated dinosaur teeth from the latest Cretaceous of south Alberta, Canada. Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, 196, 33 - 77." type="journal article" year="1997">Baszio 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B73FFE608035396F9D5BCCAF98A" author="Longrich, N." box="[229,407,1591,1616]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="135 - 158" refId="ref31009" refString="Longrich, N. (2008) Small theropod teeth from the Lance Formation of Wyoming, USA. In: Sankey, J. T. & Baszio, S. (Eds.), Vertebrate Microfossil Assemblage s. Indiana University Press, Bloomington, pp. 135 - 158." type="book chapter" year="2008">Longrich 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; pers. obs.). Deinonychosaurs, however, possess either very large and well-separated serrations, as in troodontids and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D01FFE608035176F9BEBF94F9AF" box="[517,713,1628,1653]" class="Reptilia" family="Dromaeosauridae" genus="Saurornitholestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE608035176F9BEBF94F9AF" box="[517,713,1628,1653]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Saurornitholestes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, or a number of denticles per five millimeters higher than 14 on the distal carina (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B73FFE60803521BF99DBF1CF942" author="Smith, J. B. & Vann, D. R. & Dodson, P." box="[360,577,1663,1688]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="699 - 736" refId="ref36353" refString="Smith, J. B., Vann, D. R. & Dodson, P. (2005) Dental morphology and variation in theropod dinosaurs: implications for the taxonomic identification of isolated teeth. The Anatomical Record Part A, 285, 699 - 736. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1002 / ar. a. 20206" type="journal article" year="2005">
|
||
Smith
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE6080352C9F963BCA5F942" box="[442,504,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Likewise, both dromaeosaurids and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D01FFE608035775F99DB9ECF942" box="[1030,1201,1663,1688]" class="Reptilia" family="Noasauridae" genus="Masiakasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE608035775F99DB9ECF942" box="[1030,1201,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Masiakasaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
tend to have distal denticles larger to mesial serrations (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B73FFE60803514DF946BE4DF967" author="Currie, P. J. & Rigby, J. K. Jr. & Sloan, R. E." box="[574,784,1700,1725]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="107 - 125" refId="ref27270" refString="Currie, P. J., Rigby, J. K. Jr. & Sloan, R. E. (1990) Theropod teeth from the Judith River Formation of southern Alberta, Canada. In: Carpenter, K. & Currie, P. J. (Eds.), Dinosaur Systematics: Approaches and Perspectives. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, pp. 107 - 125. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / cbo 9780511608377.011" type="book chapter" year="1990">
|
||
Currie
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE6080351E2F947BF91F967" box="[657,716,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1990
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B73FFE60803506DF946B915F967" author="Currie, P. J. & Varricchio, D. J." box="[798,1096,1700,1725]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="112 - 132" refId="ref27103" refString="Currie, P. J. & Varricchio, D. J. (2004) A new dromaeosaurid from the Horseshoe Canyon Formation (upper Cretaceous) of Alberta, Canada. In: Currie, P. J., Koppelhus, E. B., Shugar, M. A. & Wright, J. L. (Eds.), Feathered Dragons: Studies on the Transition from Dinosaurs to Birds. Indiana University Press, Bloomington, pp. 112 - 132. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / s 0016756805300434" type="book chapter" year="2004">Currie & Varricchio 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B73FFE608035725F946B87AF967" author="Norell, M. A. & Clark, J. M. & Turner, A. H. & Makovicky, P. J. & Barsbold, R. & Rowe, T." box="[1110,1319,1700,1725]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="1 - 51" refId="ref32627" refString="Norell, M. A., Clark, J. M., Turner, A. H., Makovicky, P. J., Barsbold, R. & Rowe, T. (2006) A new dromaeosaurid theropod from Ukhaa Tolgod (Omnogov, Mongolia). American Museum Novitates, 3545, 1 - 51. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1206 / 0003 - 0082 (2006) 3545 [1: andtfu] 2.0. co; 2" type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Norell
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE6080357DBF947B9BEF967" box="[1192,1251,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B73FFE608035646F946BD8EF93A" author="Longrich, N." pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="135 - 158" refId="ref31009" refString="Longrich, N. (2008) Small theropod teeth from the Lance Formation of Wyoming, USA. In: Sankey, J. T. & Baszio, S. (Eds.), Vertebrate Microfossil Assemblage s. Indiana University Press, Bloomington, pp. 135 - 158." type="book chapter" year="2008">Longrich 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; pers. obs.). To our knowledge, neither noasaurids nor deinonychosaurs display a combination of pronounced and elongated interdenticular sulci and short marginal undulations on the crown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD53682FFE6080353B4F8EDB832F863" blockId="19.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
Interestingly, ML 966 lacks hooked denticles on the distal carina as all denticles are either symmetrically or asymmetrically convex. This would therefore suggest that apically recurved denticles might not be present in all teeth along the tooth row. Denticle recurvature seems indeed to vary in the dentition of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D01FFE60803579FF8BABC6DF84E" baseAuthorityName="FMNH PR" baseAuthorityYear="2100" class="Reptilia" family="Abelisauridae" genus="Majungasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crenatissimus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE60803579FF8BABC6DF84E" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Majungasaurus crenatissimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as strongly recurved denticles are present in lateral and mesial dentary teeth and slightly recurved to symmetrically rounded denticles exist in some lateral and premaxilla teeth (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B73FFE608035095F842B9B5F863" author="Fanti, F. & Therrien, F." box="[998,1256,1952,1977]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="155 - 166" refId="ref27983" refString="Fanti, F. & Therrien, F. (2007) Theropod tooth assemblages from the Late Cretaceous Maevarano Formation and the possible presence of dromaeosaurids in Madagascar. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 52, 155 - 166." type="journal article" year="2007">Fanti & Therrien 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; pers. obs.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD53682FFE6080453B4F826BFCCFD2A" blockId="19.[151,1436,151,2013]" lastBlockId="20.[151,1436,151,1040]" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
The presence of an elongated and deep groove adjacent to the mesial carina on the lingual side of the crown in ML 327 is another peculiar feature that, to our knowledge, has not been observed in any teeth belonging to a large theropod (crown with
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37D7612FFE1080452E0FF5EBCE7FF0F" box="[403,442,188,213]" name="Switzerland" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">CH</collectingCountry>
|
||
>
|
||
<quantity id="4C929B67FFE1080452AAFF5EBF70FF0F" box="[473,557,188,213]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 mm</quantity>
|
||
), and might therefore represent an autapomorphy. A concave surface adjacent to the mesial carina can be observed in the mesialmost teeth of many abelisaurids such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D01FFE1080457EDFF03B814FF2D" box="[1182,1353,224,248]" class="Reptilia" family="Abelisauridae" genus="Rugops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="primus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE1080457EDFF03B814FF2D" box="[1182,1353,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Rugops primus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MNN IGU1),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D01FFE108045381FEE6BFC6FEC7" authority="(AMNH 1753)" baseAuthorityName="AMNH" baseAuthorityYear="1753" box="[242,667,260,285]" class="Reptilia" family="Abelisauridae" genus="Indosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="raptorius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE108045381FEE6BCB8FEC6" box="[242,485,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Indosuchus raptorius</emphasis>
|
||
(AMNH 1753)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D01FFE1080451A9FEE7B84DFEC7" authority="(FMNH PR 2100)" baseAuthorityName="FMNH PR" baseAuthorityYear="2100" box="[730,1296,260,285]" class="Reptilia" family="Abelisauridae" genus="Majungasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crenatissimus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE1080451A9FEE7B973FEC6" box="[730,1070,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Majungasaurus crenatissimus</emphasis>
|
||
(FMNH PR 2100)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but also in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D01FFE1080453E4FEC5BC31FE9A" authorityName="Marsh" authorityYear="1877" box="[151,364,295,320]" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Allosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fragilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE1080453E4FEC5BC31FE9A" box="[151,364,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Allosaurus fragilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(AMNH 851), some tyrannosauroids such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D01FFE1080450F4FECBB9F7FE9A" box="[903,1194,295,320]" class="Reptilia" family="Megalosauridae" genus="Proceratosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bradleyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE1080450F4FECBB9F7FE9A" box="[903,1194,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Proceratosaurus bradleyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(NHM R 4860) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D01FFE1080453E4FEAFBC04FEBF" box="[151,345,332,357]" class="Reptilia" genus="Eotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lengi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE1080453E4FEAFBC04FEBF" box="[151,345,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Eotyrannus lengi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MIWG 1997.550), and some dromaeosaurids like
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D01FFE1080450D8FEAFB9BEFEBF" authorityName="Matthew & Brown" authorityYear="1922" box="[939,1251,332,357]" class="Reptilia" family="Dromaeosauridae" genus="Dromaeosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albertensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE1080450D8FEAFB9BEFEBF" box="[939,1251,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Dromaeosaurus albertensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(AMNH 5356). However, the surface adjacent to the mesial carina in ML 327 is convex and the concave area formed by the longitudinal groove is narrow. Longitudinal grooves running along the crown surface can also be observed in several theropod taxa such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D01FFE108045297FE5AB96CFE0A" authority="(Dal Sasso & Maganuco 2011)" baseAuthorityName="Dal Sasso & Maganuco" baseAuthorityYear="2011" box="[484,1073,439,464]" class="Reptilia" family="Saurornithoididae" genus="Scipionyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="samniticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE108045297FE5ABF8DFE15" box="[484,720,440,463]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Scipionyx samniticus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B73FFE1080451ADFE55B974FE0A" author="Dal Sasso, C. & Maganuco, S." box="[734,1065,439,464]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="1 - 281" refId="ref27358" refString="Dal Sasso, C. & Maganuco, S. (2011) Scipionyx samniticus (Theropoda: Compsognathidae) from the Lower Cretaceous of Italy: osteology, ontogenetic assessment, phylogeny, soft tissue anatomy, taphonomy and palaeobiology. Memorie della Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano, 37, 1 - 281. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 08912963.2012.654705" type="journal article" year="2011">Dal Sasso & Maganuco 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D01FFE10804574FFE5AB830FE0A" box="[1084,1389,439,464]" class="Reptilia" family="Dromaeosauridae" genus="Buitreraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gonzalezorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE10804574FFE5AB830FE0A" box="[1084,1389,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Buitreraptor gonzalezorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D01FFE1080453E4FE3EBF9DFE2F" authority="(Gianechini et al. 2011 b)" baseAuthorityName="Gianechini" baseAuthorityYear="2011" box="[151,704,476,501]" class="Reptilia" family="Dromaeosauridae" genus="Austroraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cabazai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE1080453E4FE3EBCD6FE2F" box="[151,395,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Austroraptor cabazai</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B73FFE1080452EDFE3EBFE4FE2F" author="Gianechini, F. A. & Makovicky, P. J. & Apesteguia, S." box="[414,697,476,501]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="279 - 290" refId="ref28527" refString="Gianechini, F. A., Makovicky, P. J., Apesteguia, S. (2011 b) The teeth of the unenlagiine theropod Buitreraptor from the Cretaceous of Patagonia, Argentina, and the unusual dentition of the Gondwanan dromaeosaurids. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 56, 279 - 290. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.4202 / app. 2009.0127" type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Gianechini
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE108045154FE3FBF39FE2F" box="[551,612,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2011b
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and there are two grooves separated by a large medial ridge (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B73FFE1080453EDFE1DBCEEFDC2" author="Gianechini, F. A. & Agnolin, F. L. & Ezcurra, M. D." box="[158,435,511,536]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="103 - 107" refId="ref28461" refString="Gianechini, F. A., Agnolin, F. L. & Ezcurra, M. D. (2011 a) A reassessment of the purported venom delivery system of the birdlike raptor Sinornithosaurus. Palaontologische Zeitschrift, 85, 103 - 107. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12542 - 010 - 0074 - 9" type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Gianechini
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE108045255FDE3BC3FFDC2" box="[294,354,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2011a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B73FFE1080452B1FE1DBF8BFDC2" author="Gianechini, F. A. & Makovicky, P. J. & Apesteguia, S." box="[450,726,511,536]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="279 - 290" refId="ref28527" refString="Gianechini, F. A., Makovicky, P. J., Apesteguia, S. (2011 b) The teeth of the unenlagiine theropod Buitreraptor from the Cretaceous of Patagonia, Argentina, and the unusual dentition of the Gondwanan dromaeosaurids. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 56, 279 - 290. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.4202 / app. 2009.0127" type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Gianechini
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE10804513BFDE3BFD9FDC2" box="[584,644,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2011b
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; pers. obs.). Likewise, the mesial groove present in ML 327 cannot be confused with the large medial concavity (‘supradental groove' of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B73FFE108045099FDC6B9FBFDE7" author="Gong, E. & Martin, L. D. & Burnham, D. A. & Falk, A. R." box="[1002,1190,548,573]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="766 - 768" refId="ref28789" refString="Gong, E., Martin, L. D., Burnham, D. A. & Falk, A. R. (2010) The birdlike raptor Sinornithosaurus was venomous. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 107, 766 - 768. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1073 / pnas. 0912360107" type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Gong
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE10804575DFDC7B93BFDE7" box="[1070,1126,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) present on the crown of many theropods like
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D01FFE1080452DFFDA5BE37FDBA" authority="(Novas et al. 2008)" baseAuthorityName="Novas" baseAuthorityYear="2008" box="[428,874,583,608]" class="Reptilia" family="Neovenatoridae" genus="Orkoraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="burkei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE1080452DFFDA5BF22FDBA" box="[428,639,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Orkoraptor burkei</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B73FFE1080451E3FDA5BE3FFDBA" author="Novas, F. E. & Ezcurra, M. D. & Lecuona, A." box="[656,866,583,608]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="468 - 480" refId="ref32863" refString="Novas, F. E., Ezcurra, M. D. & Lecuona, A. (2008) Orkoraptor burkei nov. gen. et sp., a large theropod from the Maastrichtian Pari Aike Formation, Southern Patagonia, Argentina. Cretaceous Research, 29, 468 - 480. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. cretres. 2008.01.001" type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Novas
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE108045190FDABBE43FDBA" box="[739,798,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D01FFE1080450D6FDA5B816FDBA" authority="(Gong et al. 2010)" baseAuthorityName="Gong" baseAuthorityYear="2010" box="[933,1355,583,608]" class="Reptilia" family="Dromaeosauridae" genus="Sinornithosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE1080450D6FDA5B93BFDBA" box="[933,1126,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Sinornithosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B73FFE10804570BFDA5B81FFDBA" author="Gong, E. & Martin, L. D. & Burnham, D. A. & Falk, A. R." box="[1144,1346,583,608]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="766 - 768" refId="ref28789" refString="Gong, E., Martin, L. D., Burnham, D. A. & Falk, A. R. (2010) The birdlike raptor Sinornithosaurus was venomous. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 107, 766 - 768. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1073 / pnas. 0912360107" type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Gong
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE1080457B1FDABB9A0FDBA" box="[1218,1277,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, or the numerous flutes visible on the teeth of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D01FFE108045138FD8EBE8DFD5F" authority="(Buckley 2009)" baseAuthorityName="Buckley" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[587,976,620,645]" class="Reptilia" family="Coelophysidae" genus="Coelophysis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bauri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE108045138FD8EBE45FD5F" box="[587,792,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Coelophysis bauri</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B73FFE108045055FD8EBE95FD5F" author="Buckley, L. G." box="[806,968,620,645]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refId="ref25063" refString="Buckley, L. G. (2009) Individual and ontogenetic variation in theropod dinosaur teeth: a case study of Coelophysis bauri (Theropoda: Coelophysoidea) and implications for identifying isolated theropod teeth. Unpublished MSc thesis, University of Alberta, Alberta, 109 pp." type="book" year="2009">Buckley 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D01FFE1080450A8FD8EBD86FD72" authority="(Carrano et al. 2002)" baseAuthorityName="Carrano" baseAuthorityYear="2002" class="Reptilia" family="Noasauridae" genus="Masiakasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="knopfleri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE1080450A8FD8EB9AFFD5F" box="[987,1266,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Masiakasaurus knopfleri</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B73FFE108045673FD8EBD8EFD72" author="Carrano, M. T. & Sampson, S. & Forster, C." pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="510 - 534" refId="ref26040" refString="Carrano, M. T., Sampson, S. & Forster, C. (2002) The osteology of Masiakasaurus knopfleri, a small abelisauroid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 22, 510 - 534. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1671 / 0272 - 4634 (2002) 022 [0510: toomka] 2.0. co; 2" type="journal article" year="2002">
|
||
Carrano
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE108045617FD8FB8C1FD5F" box="[1380,1436,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2002
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D01FFE108045394FD72BE7FFD72" authority="(Madsen & Welles 2000)" baseAuthorityName="Madsen & Welles" baseAuthorityYear="2000" box="[231,802,655,680]" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratosauridae" genus="Ceratosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nasicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE108045394FD72BCA1FD7D" box="[231,508,656,679]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Ceratosaurus nasicornis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B73FFE108045178FD6DBE44FD72" author="Madsen, J. H. & Welles, S. P." box="[523,793,655,680]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="1 - 80" refId="ref31090" refString="Madsen, J. H. & Welles, S. P. (2000) Ceratosaurus (Dinosauria, Theropoda): a revised osteology. Utah Geological Survey, Miscellaneous Publication, 00 - 2, 1 - 80." type="journal article" year="2000">Madsen & Welles 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, spinosaurids (e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B73FFE108045772FD6DB85CFD72" author="Charig, A. J. & Milner, A. C." box="[1025,1281,655,680]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="11 - 70" refId="ref26165" refString="Charig, A. J. & Milner, A. C. (1997) Baryonyx walkeri, a fish-eating dinosaur from the Wealden of Surrey. Bulletin of the Natural History Museum, 53, 11 - 70." type="journal article" year="1997">Charig & Milner 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B73FFE10804567DFD6DBD8EFD17" author="Sereno, P. C. & Beck, A. L. & Dutheil, D. B. & Gado, B. & Larsson, H. C. E. & Lyon, G. H. & Marcot, J. D. & Rauhut, O. W. M. & Sadleir, R. W. & Sidor, C. A. & Varricchio, D. D. & Wilson, G. P. & Wilson, J. A." pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="1298 - 1302" refId="ref35396" refString="Sereno, P. C., Beck, A. L., Dutheil, D. B., Gado, B., Larsson, H. C. E., Lyon, G. H., Marcot, J. D., Rauhut, O. W. M., Sadleir, R. W., Sidor, C. A., Varricchio, D. D., Wilson, G. P. & Wilson, J. A. (1998) A long-snouted predatory dinosaur from Africa and the evolution of spinosaurids. Science, 282, 1298 - 1302. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1126 / science. 282.5392.1298" type="journal article" year="1998">
|
||
Sereno
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE108045610FD73B8C1FD72" box="[1379,1436,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1998
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B73FFE1080453ADFD56BCCBFD17" author="Sues, H. - D. & Frey, E. & Martill, D. M. & Scott, D. M." box="[222,406,692,717]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="535 - 547" refId="ref36728" refString="Sues, H. - D., Frey, E., Martill, D. M. & Scott, D. M. (2002) Irritator challengeri, a spinosaurid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Lower Cretaceous of Brazil. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 22, 535 - 547. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1671 / 0272 - 4634 (2002) 022 [0535: icasdt] 2.0. co; 2" type="journal article" year="2002">
|
||
Sues
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE108045269FD57BC0EFD17" box="[282,339,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2002
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D01FFE1080452DAFD56BFE8FD17" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1876" box="[425,693,692,717]" class="Reptilia" family="Troodontidae" genus="Paronychodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lacustris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE1080452DAFD56BFE8FD17" box="[425,693,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Paronychodon lacustris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B73FFE10804518FFD56BE27FD17" author="Cope, E. D." box="[764,890,692,717]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="248 - 261" refId="ref26546" refString="Cope, E. D. (1876) Descriptions of some vertebrate remains from the Fort Union beds of Montana. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 28, 248 - 261." type="journal article" year="1876">Cope 1876</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B73FFE1080450F5FD56B906FD17" author="Sankey, J. T. & Brinkman, D. B. & Guenther, M. & Currie, P. J." box="[902,1115,692,717]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="751 - 763" refId="ref35018" refString="Sankey, J. T., Brinkman, D. B., Guenther, M. & Currie, P. J. (2002) Small theropod and bird teeth from the Late Cretaceous (late Campanian) Judith River Group, Alberta. Journal of Paleontology, 76, 751 - 763. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1666 / 0022 - 3360 (2002) 076 % 3 C 0751: stabtf % 3 E 2.0. co; 2" type="journal article" year="2002">
|
||
Sankey
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE1080450ACFD57B945FD17" box="[991,1048,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2002
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B73FFE108045715FD56B9ABFD17" author="Baszio, S." box="[1126,1270,692,717]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="33 - 77" refId="ref23729" refString="Baszio, S. (1997) Systematic palaeontology of isolated dinosaur teeth from the latest Cretaceous of south Alberta, Canada. Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, 196, 33 - 77." type="journal article" year="1997">Baszio 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B73FFE108045672FD56B8C8FD17" author="Sankey, J. T." box="[1281,1429,692,717]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="117 - 134" refId="ref34951" refString="Sankey, J. T. (2008) Diversity of Latest Cretaceous (late Maastrichtian) small theropods and birds: teeth from the Lance and Hell Creek Formations, USA. In: Sankey, J. T. & Baszio, S. (Eds.), Vertebrate Microfossil Assemblages. Indiana University Press, Bloomington, pp. 117 - 134." type="book chapter" year="2008">Sankey 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D01FFE1080453C6FD35BC81FD2A" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1924" box="[181,476,727,752]" class="Reptilia" family="Dromaeosauridae" genus="Velociraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mongoliensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE1080453C6FD35BC81FD2A" box="[181,476,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Velociraptor mongoliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(AMNH 6515).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD53682FFE1080453B4FD1EBFA9FBCA" blockId="20.[151,1436,151,1040]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
On the basis of the combination of several important features in ML 966 and ML 327, a large crown (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37D7612FFE108045649FD1EB83FFCCF" box="[1338,1378,764,789]" name="Switzerland" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">CH</collectingCountry>
|
||
>
|
||
<quantity id="4C929B67FFE1080456F3FD1EBD9AFCE2" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 mm</quantity>
|
||
), an almost straight distal profile of the tooth, transversal and short marginal undulations on the crown, denticles with strongly developed interdenticular sulci, a DSDI close to one, an irregular enamel texture and the presence of apically pointed denticles on the distal carina in ML 327, these two teeth are assigned to a member of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D01FFE1080453B2FC6EBC3DFC7F" authorityName="Bonaparte & Novas" authorityYear="1985" box="[193,352,908,933]" class="Reptilia" family="Abelisauridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Abelisauridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Within this clade, ML327 and ML 966 only differ from other abelisaurids by having a strongly twisted mesial carina. However, this feature is also present in some basal abelisaurids such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D01FFE1080457C5FC4DB861FC12" box="[1206,1340,943,968]" class="Reptilia" family="Abelisauridae" genus="Abelisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE1080457C5FC4DB861FC12" box="[1206,1340,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Abelisaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MPCA 685). Also, ML 327 has a labially displaced distal carina which contrasts with the centrally positioned carina on the distal margin of the crown of abelisaurids (pers. obs.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF15660AFFE1080453E4F841BE5AF802" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5038676" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5038676" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5038676/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" startId="20.[151,249,1955,1977]" targetBox="[151,1436,1093,1933]" targetPageId="20">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD53682FFE1080453E4F841BE5AF802" blockId="20.[151,1436,1955,2008]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE1080453E4F841BC56F863" bold="true" box="[151,267,1955,1977]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">FIGURE 5</emphasis>
|
||
. Plots of CBR versus CHR of ML 962, ML 327, ML 966 and 23 theropod taxa comprising the data set. For reasons of clarity, only taxa with CBR of less than 1 were considered.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF15660AFFE0080553E4FBF6BEB1FB93" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5038678" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5038678" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5038678/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" startId="21.[151,249,1044,1066]" targetBox="[152,1436,184,1023]" targetPageId="21">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD53682FFE0080553E4FBF6BEB1FB93" blockId="21.[151,1435,1044,1097]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE0080553E4FBF6BC48FBF0" bold="true" box="[151,277,1044,1066]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
Plots of CHR versus DAVG of ML 962, ML 327, ML 966 and 21 theropod taxa comprising the data set. For reasons of clarity, only taxa with serration of less than 20 denticles were considered.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF15660AFFE0080553E4F823BEB1F82C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5038680" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5038680" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5038680/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" startId="21.[151,249,1985,2007]" targetBox="[152,1436,1149,1979]" targetPageId="21">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD53682FFE0080553E4F823BEB1F82C" blockId="21.[151,1436,1985,2038]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE0080553E4F823BC49F80D" bold="true" box="[151,276,1985,2007]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
|
||
Plots of MAVG versus DAVG of ML 962, ML 327, ML 966 and 19 theropod taxa comprising the data set. For reasons of clarity, only taxa with serration of less than 20 denticles were considered.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF15660AFFE3080653E4FBC3BEB1FB8F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5038682" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5038682" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5038682/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" startId="22.[151,249,1057,1079]" targetBox="[152,1436,194,1034]" targetPageId="22">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD53682FFE3080653E4FBC3BEB1FB8F" blockId="22.[151,1435,1057,1109]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE3080653E4FBC3BC48FBED" bold="true" box="[151,277,1057,1079]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
|
||
Plots of CBR versus DAVG of ML 962, ML 327, ML 966 and 21 theropod taxa comprising the data set. For reasons of clarity, only taxa with serration of less than 22 denticles were considered.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD53682FFE3080653B4FB60B8D6FA4D" blockId="22.[151,1436,1154,1863]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
Bivariate plots of CBR and CHR reveal that ML 966 and ML 327 mainly occupy the same area of values as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D01FFE3080653E4FB44BC6EFB65" authorityName="Bonaparte & Novas" authorityYear="1985" box="[151,307,1190,1215]" class="Reptilia" family="Abelisauridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Abelisauridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D01FFE308065234FB45BCAAFB64" authorityName="Lavocat" authorityYear="1955" box="[327,503,1191,1214]" class="Reptilia" family="Abelisauridae" genus="Majungasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE308065234FB45BCAAFB64" box="[327,503,1191,1214]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Majungasaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+ indeterminate abelisaurids),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D01FFE308065016FB45BEA0FB64" box="[869,1021,1191,1214]" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratosauridae" genus="Ceratosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE308065016FB45BEA0FB64" box="[869,1021,1191,1214]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Ceratosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D01FFE308065763FB44B9D4FB65" baseAuthorityName="Rauhut & Fechner" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[1040,1161,1190,1215]" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Allosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE308065763FB44B9D4FB65" box="[1040,1161,1190,1215]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Allosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D01FFE3080657EFFB44B834FB65" authorityName="Stovall & Langston" authorityYear="1950" box="[1180,1385,1190,1215]" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Acrocanthosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE3080657EFFB44B834FB65" box="[1180,1385,1190,1215]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Acrocanthosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D01FFE3080653E4FB28BC77FB3B" box="[151,298,1226,1249]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Gorgosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE3080653E4FB28BC77FB3B" box="[151,298,1226,1249]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Gorgosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
teeth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13512A07FFE308065205FB28BCE7FB39" box="[374,442,1226,1251]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="20.[151,249,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1093,1933]" captionTargetId="figure-469@20.[151,1436,1093,1934]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 5. Plots of CBR versus CHR of ML 962, ML 327, ML 966 and 23 theropod taxa comprising the data set. For reasons of clarity, only taxa with CBR of less than 1 were considered." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5038676" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5038676/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). However, bivariate plots with MAVG or DAVG clearly show that the two teeth possess smaller mesial and distal denticles than any abelisaurids represented, with a number of denticles per five mm situated among the values of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D01FFE308065170FAF0BF21FAF1" baseAuthorityName="Rauhut & Fechner" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[515,636,1298,1323]" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Allosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE308065170FAF0BF21FAF1" box="[515,636,1298,1323]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Allosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D01FFE3080651E2FAF0BE03FAF1" authorityName="Stovall & Langston" authorityYear="1950" box="[657,862,1298,1323]" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Acrocanthosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE3080651E2FAF0BE03FAF1" box="[657,862,1298,1323]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Acrocanthosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D01FFE3080650D0FAF0B915FAF1" box="[931,1096,1298,1323]" class="Reptilia" genus="Berberosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE3080650D0FAF0B915FAF1" box="[931,1096,1298,1323]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Berberosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13512A07FFE30806572DFAF0B996FAF1" box="[1118,1227,1298,1323]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 6" captionStart-1="FIGURE 7" captionStart-2="FIGURE 8" captionStartId-0="21.[151,249,1044,1066]" captionStartId-1="21.[151,249,1985,2007]" captionStartId-2="22.[151,249,1057,1079]" captionTargetBox-0="[152,1436,184,1023]" captionTargetBox-1="[152,1436,1149,1979]" captionTargetBox-2="[152,1436,194,1034]" captionTargetId-0="figure-91@21.[151,1436,183,1023]" captionTargetId-1="figure-95@21.[151,1436,1147,1990]" captionTargetId-2="figure-392@22.[151,1436,193,1035]" captionTargetPageId-0="21" captionTargetPageId-1="21" captionTargetPageId-2="22" captionText-0="FIGURE 6. Plots of CHR versus DAVG of ML 962, ML 327, ML 966 and 21 theropod taxa comprising the data set. For reasons of clarity, only taxa with serration of less than 20 denticles were considered." captionText-1="FIGURE 7. Plots of MAVG versus DAVG of ML 962, ML 327, ML 966 and 19 theropod taxa comprising the data set. For reasons of clarity, only taxa with serration of less than 20 denticles were considered." captionText-2="FIGURE 8. Plots of CBR versus DAVG of ML 962, ML 327, ML 966 and 21 theropod taxa comprising the data set. For reasons of clarity, only taxa with serration of less than 22 denticles were considered." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5038678" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5038680" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5038682" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5038678/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5038680/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/5038682/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figs 6–8</figureCitation>
|
||
). The number of denticles per five mm of ML 966 and ML 327 are indeed situated between 13 to 16, a higher number than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D01FFE3080653E4FAB9BC1AFAA8" authorityName="Lavocat" authorityYear="1955" box="[151,327,1371,1394]" class="Reptilia" family="Abelisauridae" genus="Majungasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE3080653E4FAB9BC1AFAA8" box="[151,327,1371,1394]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Majungasaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D01FFE30806522FFAB8BC81FAA9" box="[348,476,1370,1395]" class="Reptilia" family="Abelisauridae" genus="Indosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE30806522FFAB8BC81FAA9" box="[348,476,1370,1395]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Indosuchus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D01FFE308065282FAB9BF18FAA8" box="[497,581,1371,1394]" class="Reptilia" family="Abelisauridae" genus="Rugops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE308065282FAB9BF18FAA8" box="[497,581,1371,1394]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Rugops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and UCPC 10 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B73FFE308065060FAB8BEFCFAA9" author="Smith, J. B." box="[787,929,1370,1395]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="103 - 126" refId="ref36098" refString="Smith, J. B. (2007) Dental morphology and variation in Majungasaurus crenatissimus (Theropoda: Abelisauridae) from the late Cretaceous of Madagascar. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 27, 103 - 126. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1671 / 0272 - 4634 (2007) 27 [103: dmavim] 2.0. co; 2" type="journal article" year="2007">Smith 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B73FFE3080650C6FAB8B981FAA9" author="Sereno, P. C. & Brusatte, S. L." box="[949,1244,1370,1395]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="15 - 46" refId="ref35292" refString="Sereno, P. C. & Brusatte, S. L. (2008) Basal abelisaurid and carcharodontosaurid theropods from the Lower Cretaceous Elrhaz Formation of Niger. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 53, 15 - 46. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.4202 / app. 2008.0102" type="journal article" year="2008">Sereno & Brusatte 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; pers. obs.) but comparable to that of the most basal abelisaurid
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D01FFE3080651C6FA9DB919FA4D" authority="(Sereno & Brusatte 2008)" baseAuthorityName="Sereno & Brusatte" baseAuthorityYear="2008" box="[693,1092,1406,1431]" class="Reptilia" family="Abelisauridae" genus="Kryptops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE3080651C6FA9DBE46FA4C" box="[693,795,1407,1430]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Kryptops</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B73FFE308065058FA9CB961FA4D" author="Sereno, P. C. & Brusatte, S. L." box="[811,1084,1406,1431]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="15 - 46" refId="ref35292" refString="Sereno, P. C. & Brusatte, S. L. (2008) Basal abelisaurid and carcharodontosaurid theropods from the Lower Cretaceous Elrhaz Formation of Niger. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 53, 15 - 46. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.4202 / app. 2008.0102" type="journal article" year="2008">Sereno & Brusatte 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D01FFE308065709FA9CB85DFA4D" box="[1146,1280,1406,1431]" class="Reptilia" family="Abelisauridae" genus="Abelisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE308065709FA9CB85DFA4D" box="[1146,1280,1406,1431]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Abelisaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(pers. obs.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD53682FFE3080653E4FA40BDAFF89D" blockId="22.[151,1436,1154,1863]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
Due to the relatively important labiolingual compression of the base crown (CBR close to 0.5), ML 966 and ML 327 are most likely lateral teeth and have therefore been coded as such in our datasets. When the two isolated teeth are included in the dentition-based data matrix, the resulting consensus tree of the cladistic analysis retrieved both teeth together in a well-supported clade (Bremer support of 4) nested among abelisaurid theropods (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13512A07FFE30806567AF9ECB811F9FD" box="[1289,1356,1550,1575]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="10.[151,249,1893,1915]" captionTargetBox="[311,1286,198,1874]" captionTargetId="figure-102@10.[299,1294,193,1878]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 1. Strict consensus cladogram of seven most parsimonious trees recovered from analysis of dentition based characters. Initial analysis was a New Technology Search using TNT v.1.1 of a data matrix comprising 141 dentition-based characters for one outgroup (Eoraptor), 59 nonavian theropod taxa, as well as ML 327, ML 939, ML 962 and ML 966. Tree length = 703 steps; CI = 0.331; RI = 0.564. Bremer support values are in bold and bootstrap values are in italic. For silhouette attribution, see Appendix." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5038668" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5038668/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). Both isolated teeth form the sister taxon of a clade encompassing the abelisaurids
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D01FFE30806509BF9D1B961F990" box="[1000,1084,1587,1610]" class="Reptilia" family="Abelisauridae" genus="Rugops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE30806509BF9D1B961F990" box="[1000,1084,1587,1610]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Rugops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D01FFE30806573AF9D1B9EDF990" baseAuthorityName="Sereno & Brusatte" baseAuthorityYear="2008" box="[1097,1200,1587,1610]" class="Reptilia" family="Abelisauridae" genus="Kryptops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE30806573AF9D1B9EDF990" box="[1097,1200,1587,1610]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Kryptops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D01FFE308065796F9D1B8C8F990" authorityName="Lavocat" authorityYear="1955" box="[1253,1429,1587,1610]" class="Reptilia" family="Abelisauridae" genus="Majungasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE308065796F9D1B8C8F990" box="[1253,1429,1587,1610]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Majungasaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and the monophyletic group formed by ML 966, ML 327 and these three abelisaurids is supported by two ambiguous synapomorphies: the long and well-developed interdenticular sulci of basal and mid-crown denticles on the distal carina (char. 105 and 106). When incorporated into the supermatrix, the cladistic analyses resulted in a poorly resolved consensus tree in which ML 327 and ML 966 were found as sister-taxa among the clade of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D01FFE3080653E4F904BC6EF925" authorityName="Bonaparte & Novas" authorityYear="1985" box="[151,307,1766,1791]" class="Reptilia" family="Abelisauridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Abelisauridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Appendix,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13512A07FFE3080652CDF904BF78F925" box="[446,549,1766,1791]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="27.[151,249,978,1000]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,265,956]" captionTargetId="figure-545@27.[151,1436,265,956]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 10. Isolated tooth (ML 939) of Richardoestesia aff. R. gilmorei in lingual (A), distal (B), labial (C), mesial (D), apical (F) and basal (G) views. Mid-crown denticles of the distal carina in labial (E, I) views, and enamel texture in lingual (H) view. Abbreviations: cs, concave surface; dca, distal carina; ent, enamel texture; esp, enamel spalling; ids, interdenticular sulcus; lad, labial depression; lgr, longitudinal groove." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5038688" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5038688/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. A10</figureCitation>
|
||
). The deletion of the wildcard taxa
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D01FFE3080650DEF905B943F924" box="[941,1054,1767,1790]" class="Reptilia" family="Megalosauridae" genus="Erectopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE3080650DEF905B943F924" box="[941,1054,1767,1790]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Erectopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D01FFE308065720F904B853F925" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1979" box="[1107,1294,1766,1791]" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Piatnitzkysaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEA90FFE308065720F904B853F925" box="[1107,1294,1766,1791]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Piatnitzkysaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
resulted in a better resolved consensus tree in which ML 327 and ML 966 are still nested in the same clade within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D01FFE308065673F8E8B8C1F8F9" authorityName="Bonaparte & Novas" authorityYear="1985" box="[1280,1436,1802,1827]" class="Reptilia" family="Abelisauridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Abelisauridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13512A07FFE3080653ECF8CCBDB8F89D" box="[159,229,1838,1863]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="11.[151,249,1506,1528]" captionTargetBox="[161,1432,203,1477]" captionTargetId="figure-269@11.[151,1436,193,1485]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 2. Strict consensus cladogram of 49 most parsimonious trees recovered from analysis of a supermatrix of 1972 discrete characters after the deletion of the two wildcard taxa Erectopus and Piatnitzkysaurus. The supermatrix includes a dentition-based datamatrix of 141 discrete characters and six recent datasets based on whole theropod skeleton (Xu et al. 2009; Brusatte et al. 2010; Martinez et al. 2011; Senter 2011; Pol and Rauhut 2012; Carrano et al. 2012). Initial analysis was a New Technology Search using TNT v.1.1 for one outgroup (Eoraptor), 57 non-avian theropod taxa and ML 327, ML 966, ML 939 (coded as lateral teeth), and ML 962 (coded as a mesialmost tooth). Tree length = 3552 steps; CI = 0.563; RI = 0.628. For silhouette attribution, see Appendix." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5038670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5038670/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |