201 lines
22 KiB
XML
201 lines
22 KiB
XML
<document id="72F229AFE21A2EAA5E510DE0AE636190" ID-CLB-Dataset="36820" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3829.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a4b69269-5a4c-4b5b-9f89-6b314d3ba284" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="286556" ID-ZooBank="75210CDC-AC6A-4624-A6F1-1BC969BC7CAA" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460452709399" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Pyron, Robert Alexander & Wallach, Van" docDate="2014" docId="03B587DDC109B178CFD7CE24FA96FF77" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03829p081.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3829 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Grypotyphlops Peters 1881" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="52" masterDocId="FF8CFFA5C13AB14CCF40CA0EFFB9FFA2" masterDocTitle="Systematics of the blindsnakes (Serpentes: Scolecophidia: Typhlopoidea) based on molecular and morphological evidence" masterLastPageNumber="81" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="52" updateTime="1698338434491" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="FF89220B9347B5E28A2D7C1CD421D614" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="0CF4DD2617E532C70D5B3FA0DD3FFFB9">
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<mods:title id="0D7E8C9400D72C024D2ED66C6667759F">Systematics of the blindsnakes (Serpentes: Scolecophidia: Typhlopoidea) based on molecular and morphological evidence</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="10414A0DB653A970F815D2F13D3F9B21">Pyron, Robert Alexander</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="BAAA5CCBAA250C35834F9BF6656B63E4">Wallach, Van</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="E440E9FE06381F7713732721B5F575F3">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="C9C45FA17F82DEBF35FC93CA905B90BF">
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<mods:date id="9EB7B2512D91E37483121815CEE59363">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="A3B7A015E2301CB81DD59142CA62D0D8" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="C7B600EFCAB42CC79FD8EE3F74DF9F4C">3829</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="98FAA996B240C1B630632CEDD1DFB609" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3829.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03B587DDC109B178CFD7CE24FA96FF77" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6127986" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127668695" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6127986" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B587DDC109B178CFD7CE24FA96FF77" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B587DDC109B178CFD7CE24FA96FF77" lastPageId="52" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
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<subSubSection id="C3066540C109B17FCFD7CE24FE5FFBE6" box="[151,486,1066,1092]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA336CBC109B17FCFD7CE24FE5FFBE6" blockId="51.[151,486,1066,1092]" box="[151,486,1066,1092]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
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<heading id="D0EB81A7C109B17FCFD7CE24FE5FFBE6" bold="true" box="[151,486,1066,1092]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C109B17FCFD7CE24FE5FFBE6" authority="Peters, 1881" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1881" box="[151,486,1066,1092]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Grypotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B968EAD9C109B17FCFD7CE24FE5FFBE6" bold="true" box="[151,486,1066,1092]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
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<emphasis id="B968EAD9C109B17FCFD7CE24FEFEFBE6" bold="true" box="[151,327,1066,1092]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Grypotyphlops</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B3AC109B17FCE0ECE24FE5FFBE6" author="Peters" box="[334,486,1066,1092]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refString="Peters, W. C. H. (1881) Einige herpetologische Mittheilungen. Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin, 1881, 69 - 72." type="journal article" year="1881">Peters, 1881</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3066540C109B17FCFD7CE7FFD33FB0F" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BA336CBC109B17FCFD7CE7FFCE6FB28" blockId="51.[151,1437,1137,2026]" box="[151,863,1137,1162]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
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<emphasis id="B968EAD9C109B17FCFD7CE7FFE8BFB28" bold="true" box="[151,306,1137,1162]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
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<typeStatus id="54A78869C109B17FCFD7CE7FFF6BFB28" box="[151,210,1137,1162]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Type</typeStatus>
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species.
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C109B17FCE79CE7FFCE6FB28" authority="Dumeril & Bibron, 1844" authorityName="Dumeril & Bibron" authorityYear="1844" box="[313,863,1137,1162]" class="Squamata" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Onychocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acutus">
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<emphasis id="B968EAD9C109B17FCE79CE7FFDFAFB2B" box="[313,579,1137,1162]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Onychocephalus acutus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B3AC109B17FCD0BCE7FFCE6FB28" author="Dumeril" box="[587,863,1137,1162]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refString="Dumeril, A. M. C. & Bibron, G. (1844) Erpetologie Generale ou Histoire Naturelle Complete des Reptiles. Tome sixieme. Librairie Encyclopedique de Roret, Paris, xii + 609 pp." type="book" year="1844">Duméril & Bibron, 1844</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA336CBC109B17FCF87CE9BFD33FB0F" blockId="51.[151,1437,1137,2026]" box="[199,650,1173,1198]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
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<emphasis id="B968EAD9C109B17FCF87CE9BFE3CFB0C" bold="true" box="[199,389,1173,1198]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Species content.</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B968EAD9C109B17FCECCCE9BFD33FB0F" box="[396,650,1173,1198]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C109B17FCECCCE9BFD3FFB0F" box="[396,646,1173,1198]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Grypotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acutus">Grypotyphlops acutus</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3066540C109B17FCF87CEB7FF76F920" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BA336CBC109B17FCF87CEB7FBDDF9B4" blockId="51.[151,1437,1137,2026]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
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<emphasis id="B968EAD9C109B17FCF87CEB7FEF8FB70" bold="true" box="[199,321,1209,1234]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C109B17FCE0ACEB7FE49FB70" box="[330,496,1209,1234]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Grypotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B968EAD9C109B17FCE0ACEB7FE49FB70" box="[330,496,1209,1234]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Grypotyphlops</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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can be distinguished from all other typhlopoids by the combination of a T-0
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<collectingCountry id="F30B765BC109B17FCA30CEB4FA21FB70" box="[1392,1432,1210,1234]" name="Cyprus" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">SIP</collectingCountry>
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, dorsal and lateral snout profiles acutely pointed, and subocular present. Large-sized (total length
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<quantity id="4CE49B2EC109B17FCBB6CED3FA29FB54" box="[1270,1424,1245,1270]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7299999999999995" metricValueMax="6.31" metricValueMin="1.15" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="373.0" valueMax="631.0" valueMin="115.0">115–631 mm</quantity>
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), stout- to slender-bodied (length/width ratio 38–79) snakes with 24–34 scale rows (with reduction), 448–526 total middorsals, short tail (0.8–1.9% total length) with 7–13 subcaudals (length/width ratio 0.8–1.5), and apical spine absent. Broad rostral (0.61–0.80 head width), inferior nasal suture in contact with first or second supralabial, preocular in contact with second and third supralabials, small eyespot present under nasal shield, T-0
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<collectingCountry id="F30B765BC109B17FCA7DCF60FADCFA24" box="[1341,1381,1390,1414]" name="Cyprus" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">SIP</collectingCountry>
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, and postoculars 3–4. Lateral tongue papillae present; left lung absent, tracheal, cardiac and right lungs multicameral (with 32–38 + 4–7 + 3–8 chambers, respectively); testes unsegmented; hemipenis eversible, lacking retrocloacal sacs; and rectal caecum moderate (2.5–2.8% SVL). Coloration brown, light brown, tan or golden-brown dorsally with immaculate gold to yellow venter, and rostral gold to yellow, lighter than dorsum.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA336CBC109B17FCF87CC2FFF76F920" blockId="51.[151,1437,1137,2026]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
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<emphasis id="B968EAD9C109B17FCF87CC2FFE5BF998" bold="true" box="[199,482,1569,1594]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Phylogenetic definition.</emphasis>
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This genus is currently monotypic, but would include any newly discovered species more closely related to
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C109B17FCEDCCC4BFD2AF9FF" box="[412,659,1605,1630]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Grypotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acutus">
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<emphasis id="B968EAD9C109B17FCEDCCC4BFD2AF9FF" box="[412,659,1605,1630]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Grypotyphlops acutus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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than to any of the 15
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<typeStatus id="54A78869C109B17FCCC6CC48FC0FF9FC" box="[902,950,1606,1630]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">type</typeStatus>
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species of the other typhlopid genera listed here.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3066540C109B17FCF87CC83FE2CF96B" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8BA336CBC109B17FCF87CC83FE2CF96B" blockId="51.[151,1437,1137,2026]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
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<emphasis id="B968EAD9C109B17FCF87CC83FEF7F904" bold="true" box="[199,334,1677,1702]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Etymology.</emphasis>
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Likely from the Greek for hooked nose
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<emphasis id="B968EAD9C109B17FCC0CCC80FC13F907" box="[844,938,1678,1701]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">(grypos)</emphasis>
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, referring to the "beaked" appearance of
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<emphasis id="B968EAD9C109B17FCFD7CCBFFE2CF96B" box="[151,405,1713,1738]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C109B17FCFD7CCBFFE28F96B" box="[151,401,1713,1738]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Grypotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acutus">Grypotyphlops acutus</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3066540C109B17FCF87CCDBFD9CF94C" box="[199,549,1749,1774]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8BA336CBC109B17FCF87CCDBFD9CF94C" blockId="51.[151,1437,1137,2026]" box="[199,549,1749,1774]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
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<emphasis id="B968EAD9C109B17FCF87CCDBFED9F94C" bold="true" box="[199,352,1749,1774]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Distribution.</emphasis>
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Peninsular
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<collectingCountry id="F30B765BC109B17FCEA4CCDBFD98F94C" box="[484,545,1749,1774]" name="India" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">India</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3066540C109B178CF87CCF7FA96FF77" lastPageId="52" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BA336CBC109B178CF87CCF7FA96FF77" blockId="51.[151,1437,1137,2026]" lastBlockId="52.[151,1436,151,213]" lastPageId="52" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
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<emphasis id="B968EAD9C109B17FCF87CCF7FE82F8B0" bold="true" box="[199,315,1785,1810]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Remarks.</emphasis>
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The genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C109B17FCE80CCF7FDDFF8B0" box="[448,614,1785,1810]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Grypotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B968EAD9C109B17FCE80CCF7FDDFF8B0" box="[448,614,1785,1810]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Grypotyphlops</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was resurrected for
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C109B17FCC10CCF7FAACF8B0" authority="Wallach 2003" authorityName="Wallach" authorityYear="2003" box="[848,1301,1785,1810]" class="Squamata" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Onychocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acutus">
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<emphasis id="B968EAD9C109B17FCC10CCF7FBE5F8B3" box="[848,1116,1785,1810]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Onychocephalus acutus</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B3AC109B17FCB2CCCF7FAB4F8B0" author="Wallach" box="[1132,1293,1785,1810]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refString="Wallach, V. (2003) Scolecophidia miscellanea. Hamadryad, 27, 222 - 240." type="journal article" year="2003">Wallach 2003</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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, and is thus the currently recognized, valid genus for the species, which was previously placed in
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C109B17FCB0DCD13FEBAF8F8" authority="McDiarmid et al. 1999" authorityName="McDiarmid et al." authorityYear="1999" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Rhinotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B968EAD9C109B17FCB0DCD13FB56F894" box="[1101,1263,1821,1846]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Rhinotyphlops</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B3AC109B17FCBBCCD13FF43F8F8" author="McDiarmid" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refString="McDiarmid, R. W., Campbell, J. A. & Toure, T. S. A. (1999) Snake Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (Volume 1). Herpetologists' League, Washington, DC, 512 pp." type="book" year="1999">
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McDiarmid
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<emphasis id="B968EAD9C109B17FCAC8CD10FF0DF8F8" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">et al.</emphasis>
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1999
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</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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. The species
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C109B17FCEE4CD4FFBA8F8F8" authority="Dumeril & Bibron, 1844" authorityName="Dumeril & Bibron" authorityYear="1844" box="[420,1041,1857,1882]" class="Squamata" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Onychocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="unilineatus">
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<emphasis id="B968EAD9C109B17FCEE4CD4FFD5FF8F8" box="[420,742,1857,1882]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Onychocephalus unilineatus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B3AC109B17FCDB0CD4FFBA8F8F8" author="Dumeril" box="[752,1041,1857,1882]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refString="Dumeril, A. M. C. & Bibron, G. (1844) Erpetologie Generale ou Histoire Naturelle Complete des Reptiles. Tome sixieme. Librairie Encyclopedique de Roret, Paris, xii + 609 pp." type="book" year="1844">Duméril & Bibron, 1844</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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was considered
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<emphasis id="B968EAD9C109B17FCB96CD4CFACCF8F8" box="[1238,1397,1857,1882]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">incertae sedis</emphasis>
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by
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B3AC109B17FCFD7CD6BFE7EF8DC" author="Dixon" box="[151,455,1893,1918]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refString="Dixon, J. R. & Hendricks, F. S. (1979) The Wormsnakes (Family Typhlopidae) of the Neotropics, exclusive of the Antilles. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 173, 1 - 39." type="journal article" year="1979">Dixon & Hendricks (1979)</bibRefCitation>
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and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B3AC109B17FCEBECD6BFCACF8DC" box="[510,789,1893,1918]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refString="McDiarmid, R. W., Campbell, J. A. & Toure, T. S. A. (1999) Snake Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (Volume 1). Herpetologists' League, Washington, DC, 512 pp." type="book">
|
||
McDiarmid
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAD9C109B17FCDC8CD68FD78F8DC" box="[648,705,1893,1918]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1999)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, who questioned the locality of Cayenne,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30B765BC109B17FCBAFCD6BFA21F8DC" box="[1263,1432,1893,1918]" name="French Guiana" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">French Guiana</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A78869C109B17FCF89CD84FF40F800" box="[201,249,1930,1954]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">type</typeStatus>
|
||
(MNHN 1064) has been re-examined and shown to be a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C109B17FCCBECD84FA9FF800" authority="Wallach 2003" authorityName="Wallach" authorityYear="2003" box="[1022,1318,1929,1954]" class="Squamata" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Onychocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acutus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAD9C109B17FCCBECD84FBC8F803" box="[1022,1137,1930,1953]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Gr. acutus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B3AC109B17FCB3ECD87FAA6F800" author="Wallach" box="[1150,1311,1929,1954]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refString="Wallach, V. (2003) Scolecophidia miscellanea. Hamadryad, 27, 222 - 240." type="journal article" year="2003">Wallach 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The same is true for the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A78869C109B17FCE7FCDA0FED6F864" box="[319,367,1966,1990]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">type</typeStatus>
|
||
(IRSNB 2017) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C109B17FCD0BCDA3FCA7F867" box="[587,798,1965,1990]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Typhlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="psittacus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAD9C109B17FCD0BCDA3FCA7F867" box="[587,798,1965,1990]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Typhlops psittacus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, another species described with erroneous locality data (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B3AC109B17FCFDECDDCFE81F848" author="Werner" box="[158,312,2002,2026]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refString="Werner, F. (1903) Neue Reptilien und Batrachier aus dem naturhistorischen Museum in Brussel. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 26, 246 - 253" type="journal article" year="1903">Werner 1903</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B3AC109B17FCE07CDDFFE50F848" author="Wallach" box="[327,489,2001,2026]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refString="Wallach, V. (1994) The status of the Indian endemic Typhlops acutus (Dumeril & Bibron) and the identity of Typhlops psittacus Werner (Reptilia, Serpentes, Typhlopidae). Bulletin de l'Institut des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, 64, 209 - 229." type="journal article" year="1994">Wallach 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This genus bears a resemblance, both internal and external, to some species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C10EB178CFD7CA99FEBEFF12" box="[151,263,151,176]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Letheobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAD9C10EB178CFD7CA99FEBEFF12" box="[151,263,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Letheobia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Tables 2, 3;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B3AC10EB178CEDECA99FD82FF12" author="Wallach" box="[414,571,151,176]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" refString="Wallach, V. (1994) The status of the Indian endemic Typhlops acutus (Dumeril & Bibron) and the identity of Typhlops psittacus Werner (Reptilia, Serpentes, Typhlopidae). Bulletin de l'Institut des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, 64, 209 - 229." type="journal article" year="1994">Wallach 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B3AC10EB178CD05CA96FD38FF12" author="Wallach" box="[581,641,152,176]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" refString="Wallach, V. (2003) Scolecophidia miscellanea. Hamadryad, 27, 222 - 240." type="journal article" year="2003">2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and may thus form part of an Africa-India clade, reflecting the shared Gondwanan biogeographic history of typhlopids (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B3AC10EB178CD84CAB2FC3CFF76" author="Vidal" box="[708,901,188,213]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" refString="Vidal, N., Marin, J., Morini, M., Donnellan, S., Branch, W. R., Thomas, R., Vences, M., Wynn, A., Cruaud, C. & Hedges, S. B. (2010) Blindsnake evolutionary tree reveals long history on Gondwana. Biology Letters, 6, 558 - 561. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1098 / rsbl. 2010.0220" type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Vidal
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAD9C10EB178CC49CAB3FCFBFF77" box="[777,834,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). We thus place it in Afrotyphlopinae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |