247 lines
26 KiB
XML
247 lines
26 KiB
XML
<document id="5724C7E91E9C59E482475F5B2BF2BDC8" ID-CLB-Dataset="36820" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3829.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a4b69269-5a4c-4b5b-9f89-6b314d3ba284" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="286556" ID-ZooBank="75210CDC-AC6A-4624-A6F1-1BC969BC7CAA" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460452709399" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Pyron, Robert Alexander & Wallach, Van" docDate="2014" docId="03B587DDC102B174CFD7CB26FB5DFA1D" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03829p081.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3829 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Ramphotyphlops Fitzinger 1843" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="57" masterDocId="FF8CFFA5C13AB14CCF40CA0EFFB9FFA2" masterDocTitle="Systematics of the blindsnakes (Serpentes: Scolecophidia: Typhlopoidea) based on molecular and morphological evidence" masterLastPageNumber="81" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="57" updateTime="1698338434491" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="493D470467F4CF5ABA15F7C7361BFF64" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="4A993EAA1DFC890EE1803D76FB669372">
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<mods:title id="43E8DE3EC25566B11D5001341B6BC4FA">Systematics of the blindsnakes (Serpentes: Scolecophidia: Typhlopoidea) based on molecular and morphological evidence</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="72495F53F4EF8C2ED9C6081B3F32C94D" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="1DCE04AADEB8A078B8A4C448CAB2E5D7">Pyron, Robert Alexander</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="99BA203EEA660ED6B719086D77C379B5" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="2DA61621FA4B92802BF1928E5510277A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="6864527FE44F9A0DD5FD73B71FBAE031">Wallach, Van</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="31266E9DA06EE10EB6E31182A3B89AC6">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="FB271E449441C3381D56E6C4C757E832">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="06459F5DFC222C5B90A9DB3804131401">
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<mods:date id="4E268D9F7D8DF363DB11FA0EB6E3BFFB">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="CBB3523CF0ED3E77A2BE858A916EB7A0" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="727793F0CA700145CEA4C1AEF146AA8C">3829</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="65F1507AD1F517F5238EAB53C90D502D" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="DE4003521A17CAADEE9942A98AC2419E">1</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="7C7BE087944A0A5F0D9FBF01A014F98C">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="41D4960C778263D54C33351266312390" type="CLB-Dataset">36820</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="C2C9AE035C11128DD6A589AF92FCF24B" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3829.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="8592C0673B8944B9C6B86D52D2A298B9" type="GBIF-Dataset">a4b69269-5a4c-4b5b-9f89-6b314d3ba284</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="EB19F697D2EFF992C688E1418048015E" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="9E7C8E41BBEC6E738F1E41FAC520591F" type="Zenodo-Dep">286556</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03B587DDC102B174CFD7CB26FB5DFA1D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6128002" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127668699" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6128002" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B587DDC102B174CFD7CB26FB5DFA1D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B587DDC102B174CFD7CB26FB5DFA1D" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
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<subSubSection id="C3066540C102B174CFD7CB26FD9BFEE0" box="[151,546,296,322]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA336CBC102B174CFD7CB26FD9BFEE0" blockId="56.[151,546,296,322]" box="[151,546,296,322]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
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<heading id="D0EB81A7C102B174CFD7CB26FD9BFEE0" bold="true" box="[151,546,296,322]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C102B174CFD7CB26FD9BFEE0" authority="Fitzinger, 1843" authorityName="Fitzinger" authorityYear="1843" box="[151,546,296,322]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Ramphotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B968EAD9C102B174CFD7CB26FD9BFEE0" bold="true" box="[151,546,296,322]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
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<emphasis id="B968EAD9C102B174CFD7CB26FEDAFEE0" bold="true" box="[151,355,296,322]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Ramphotyphlops</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B3AC102B174CE2ACB26FD9BFEE0" author="Fitzinger" box="[362,546,296,322]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" refString="Fitzinger, L. (1843) Systema Reptilium. Fasciculus Primus. Amblyglossae. Apud Braumuller and Seidel Bibliopolas, Vienna, 106 pp." type="book" year="1843">Fitzinger, 1843</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3066540C102B174CFD7CB60FDB0FDB5" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BA336CBC102B174CFD7CB60FD5DFE25" blockId="56.[151,1436,366,1471]" box="[151,740,366,391]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
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<emphasis id="B968EAD9C102B174CFD7CB60FE8BFE25" bold="true" box="[151,306,366,391]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
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<typeStatus id="54A78869C102B174CFD7CB60FF6BFE25" box="[151,210,366,391]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Type</typeStatus>
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species.
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C102B174CE79CB60FD5DFE25" authority="Schlegel, 1839" authorityName="Schlegel" authorityYear="1839" box="[313,740,366,391]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Typhlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multilineatus">
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<emphasis id="B968EAD9C102B174CE79CB60FD8FFE25" box="[313,566,366,391]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Typhlops multilineatus</emphasis>
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Schlegel, 1839
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA336CBC102B174CF87CB9CFDB0FDB5" blockId="56.[151,1436,366,1471]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
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<emphasis id="B968EAD9C102B174CF87CB9CFD5CFE09" bold="true" box="[199,741,402,427]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
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Species content.
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C102B174CECECB9CFD5CFE09" box="[398,741,402,427]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Ramphotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acuticaudus">
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<emphasis id="B968EAD9C102B174CECECB9CFD5CFE09" box="[398,741,402,427]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Ramphotyphlops acuticaudus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C102B174CDB5CB9AFC33FE09" box="[757,906,402,427]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Ramphotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="adocetus">Ra. adocetus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C102B174CCD6CB9AFBF5FE09" box="[918,1100,404,427]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Ramphotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angusticeps">Ra. angusticeps</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C102B174CB19CB9AFB7CFE09" box="[1113,1221,402,427]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Ramphotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="becki">Ra. becki</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C102B174CB92CB9AFAD4FE09" box="[1234,1389,402,427]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Ramphotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bipartitus">Ra. bipartitus</taxonomicName>
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(?),
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C102B174CFD7CBB9FEA3FE6D" box="[151,282,438,463]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Typhlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="conradi">
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<emphasis id="B968EAD9C102B174CFD7CBB9FEA3FE6D" box="[151,282,438,463]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Ra. conradi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(?),
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<emphasis id="B968EAD9C102B174CE0DCBB9FA25FE6D" box="[333,1436,438,463]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C102B174CE0DCBB9FE66FE6C" box="[333,479,439,462]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Ramphotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cumingii">Ra. cumingii</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C102B174CEA9CBB9FD3CFE6D" box="[489,645,438,463]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Ramphotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="depressus">Ra. depressus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C102B174CDD0CBB9FCA4FE6C" box="[656,797,439,462]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Ramphotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="exocoeti">Ra. exocoeti</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C102B174CC67CBB9FC75FE6D" box="[807,972,438,463]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Ramphotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flaviventer">Ra. flaviventer</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C102B174CC96CBB9FB38FE6D" box="[982,1153,438,463]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Ramphotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hatmaliyeb">Ra. hatmaliyeb</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C102B174CBCCCBB9FAAFFE6D" box="[1164,1302,438,463]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Ramphotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineatus">
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<emphasis id="B968EAD9C102B174CBCCCBB9FAAFFE6D" bold="true" box="[1164,1302,438,463]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Ra. lineatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C102B174CA63CBB9FA25FE6D" box="[1315,1436,438,463]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Ramphotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lorenzi">Ra. lorenzi</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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(?),
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C102B174CF89CBD2FEC8FE51" box="[201,369,476,499]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Ramphotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mansuetus">
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<emphasis id="B968EAD9C102B174CF89CBD2FEC8FE51" box="[201,369,476,499]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Ra. mansuetus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(?),
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C102B174CEEFCBD2FD9BFE51" box="[431,546,476,499]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Ramphotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marxi">
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<emphasis id="B968EAD9C102B174CEEFCBD2FD9BFE51" box="[431,546,476,499]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Ra. marxi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(?),
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<emphasis id="B968EAD9C102B174CD20CBD2FBD8FE51" box="[608,1121,474,499]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C102B174CD20CBD2FC9EFE51" box="[608,807,474,499]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Typhlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multilineatus">Ra. multilineatus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C102B174CC77CBD2FC6FFE51" box="[823,982,474,499]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Ramphotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="olivaceus">Ra. olivaceus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C102B174CCA6CBD2FBD8FE51" box="[998,1121,474,499]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Ramphotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="similis">Ra. similis</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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(?),
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C102B174CBDFCBD2FA81FE51" box="[1183,1336,474,499]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Ramphotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="suluensis">
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<emphasis id="B968EAD9C102B174CBDFCBD2FA81FE51" box="[1183,1336,474,499]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Ra. suluensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(?),
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C102B174CA36CBD2FE9FFDB5" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Ramphotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="supranasalis">
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<emphasis id="B968EAD9C102B174CA36CBD2FE9FFDB5" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Ra. supranasalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(?), and
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<emphasis id="B968EAD9C102B174CEC9CBF1FDB0FDB5" box="[393,521,510,535]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C102B174CEC9CBF1FDBDFDB5" box="[393,516,510,535]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Ramphotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="willeyi">Ra. willeyi</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
|
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</paragraph>
|
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</subSubSection>
|
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<subSubSection id="C3066540C102B174CF87C82CFDAEFBD9" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA336CBC102B174CF87C82CFE5DFBAD" blockId="56.[151,1436,366,1471]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAD9C102B174CF87C82CFEF8FD99" bold="true" box="[199,321,546,571]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C102B174CE0EC82CFDB3FD99" box="[334,522,546,571]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Ramphotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
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<emphasis id="B968EAD9C102B174CE0EC82CFDB3FD99" box="[334,522,546,571]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Ramphotyphlops</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
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can be distinguished from all other typhlopoids by a protrusible hemipenis, retrocloacal sacs, absence of frontorostral, and paired prefrontals. Small- to large-sized (total length
|
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<quantity id="4CE49B2EC102B174CA44C848FA29FDFD" box="[1284,1424,582,607]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.71" metricValueMax="4.8" metricValueMin="0.62" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" unit="mm" value="271.0" valueMax="480.0" valueMin="62.0">62–480 mm</quantity>
|
||
), slender to stout-bodied (length/width ratio 17–95) snakes with 18–30 scale rows (with or without reduction), 209–709 total middorsals, short to long tail (1.2–9.0% total length) with 8–45 subcaudals (length/width ratio 0.8–7.2), and apical spine small. Dorsal and lateral head profiles usually rounded (sometimes pointed in lateral view), narrow to moderate rostral (0.27–0.67 head width), inferior nasal suture in contact with first or second supralabial, preocular in contact with second and third supralabials, eye moderate with distinct pupil or reduced to an eyespot, T-III or T-0
|
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<collectingCountry id="F30B765BC102B174CEECC911FE6DFC95" box="[428,468,799,823]" name="Cyprus" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">SIP</collectingCountry>
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, and postoculars 1–4. Lateral tongue papillae present; left lung absent, tracheal lung multicameral (with 19–52 chambers) or paucicameral (with 11–33 pockets), cardiac lung unicameral, paucicameral (with 3–6 pockets) or multicameral (with 2–12 chambers), and right lung; testes usually unsegmented; hemipenis protrusible (retracted hemipenis with 0–15 coils) with retrocloacal sacs; rectal caecum moderate to large (1.2–5.4% SVL), and rarely absent. Coloration of dorsum brown to dark brown, lighter ventrally (gray, gold or yellow), with either a gradual transition or sharp demarcation between dorsal and ventral color; supralabials, chin, cloacal region and tail tip occasionally light.
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</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph id="8BA336CBC102B174CF87CE14FDAEFBD9" blockId="56.[151,1436,366,1471]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAD9C102B174CF87CE14FE51FB91" bold="true" box="[199,488,1050,1075]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Phylogenetic definition.</emphasis>
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Includes the MRCA of
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C102B174CC58CE14FBD0FB91" box="[792,1129,1050,1075]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Ramphotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acuticaudus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAD9C102B174CC58CE14FBD0FB91" box="[792,1129,1050,1075]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Ramphotyphlops acuticaudus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C102B174CBEECE12FA85FB91" box="[1198,1340,1050,1075]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Ramphotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAD9C102B174CBEECE12FA85FB91" box="[1198,1340,1050,1075]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Ra. lineatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and all descendants thereof, and all species more closely related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C102B174CC0CCE31FBB7FBF5" box="[844,1038,1086,1111]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Typhlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multilineatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAD9C102B174CC0CCE31FBB7FBF5" box="[844,1038,1086,1111]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Ra. multilineatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
than to the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A78869C102B174CBDECE31FB77FBF5" box="[1182,1230,1087,1111]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species of the 15 other typhlopid genera listed here.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3066540C102B174CF87CE88FCFDFB3D" box="[199,836,1158,1183]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA336CBC102B174CF87CE88FCFDFB3D" blockId="56.[151,1436,366,1471]" box="[199,836,1158,1183]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAD9C102B174CF87CE88FEF7FB3D" bold="true" box="[199,334,1158,1183]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
Likely from the Greek for beak
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAD9C102B174CDFACE88FCFDFB3D" box="[698,836,1158,1183]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">(rhamphos).</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3066540C102B174CF87CEA4FC9CFB45" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA336CBC102B174CF87CEA4FC9CFB45" blockId="56.[151,1436,366,1471]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAD9C102B174CF87CEA4FED9FB61" bold="true" box="[199,352,1194,1219]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Species in this genus have a broad distribution throughout Sundaland and Oceania, including the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30B765BC102B174CFD7CEC0FEA1FB45" box="[151,280,1230,1255]" name="Philippines" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30B765BC102B174CE63CEC1FE47FB45" box="[291,510,1230,1255]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30B765BC102B174CD22CEC0FC98FB45" box="[610,801,1230,1255]" name="Solomon Islands" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Solomon Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3066540C102B174CF87CEFCFB5DFA1D" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA336CBC102B174CF87CEFCFB5DFA1D" blockId="56.[151,1436,366,1471]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAD9C102B174CF87CEFCFE82FAA9" bold="true" box="[199,315,1266,1291]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The following species are only tentatively allocated to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C102B174CC89CEFCFB3CFAA9" box="[969,1157,1266,1291]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Ramphotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAD9C102B174CC89CEFCFB3CFAA9" box="[969,1157,1266,1291]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Ramphotyphlops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as hemipenial data are lacking to confirm their affinities:
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAD9C102B174CD60CF19FE88FAF1" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C102B174CD60CF19FD07FA8D" box="[544,702,1302,1327]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Ramphotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bipartitus">Ra. bipartitus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C102B174CD8BCF19FCEAFA8D" box="[715,851,1302,1327]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Typhlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="conradi">Ra. conradi</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C102B174CC1FCF19FC67FA8D" box="[863,990,1302,1327]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Ramphotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lorenzi">Ra. lorenzi</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C102B174CCAACF19FB2BFA8C" box="[1002,1170,1303,1326]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Ramphotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mansuetus">Ra. mansuetus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C102B174CBDECF19FAA8FA8C" box="[1182,1297,1303,1326]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Ramphotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marxi">Ra. marxi</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C102B174CA5DCF19FA21FA8D" box="[1309,1432,1302,1327]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Ramphotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="similis">Ra. similis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C102B174CFD7CF32FE88FAF1" box="[151,305,1338,1363]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Ramphotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="suluensis">Ra. suluensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAD9C102B174CE34CF32FD87FAF1" box="[372,574,1338,1363]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C102B174CE34CF32FD83FAF1" box="[372,570,1338,1363]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Ramphotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="supranasalis">Ra. supranasalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Inclusion of these species in a molecular phylogenetic analysis will be desirable to confirm or reject this placement. Note that
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B3AC102B174CC45CF50FC52FAD5" box="[773,1003,1374,1399]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" refString="Hedges, S. B., Marion, A. B., Lipp, K. M., Marin, J. & Vidal, N. (2014) A taxonomic framework for typhlopid snakes from the Caribbean and other regions (Reptilia, Squamata). Caribbean Herpetology, 49, 1 - 61." type="journal article">
|
||
Hedges
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAD9C102B174CC20CF51FC20FAD5" box="[864,921,1374,1399]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2014)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
did not recognize the apparently valid species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C102B174CFB8CF8CFD8BFA39" box="[248,562,1410,1435]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Ramphotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bipartitus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAD9C102B174CFB8CF8CFD8BFA39" box="[248,562,1410,1435]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Ramphotyphlops bipartitus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Wallach
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAD9C102B174CDF9CF8AFD42FA39" box="[697,763,1410,1435]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2014; Table 1), and synonymized
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C102B174CBF9CF8CFAE0FA39" box="[1209,1369,1410,1435]" class="Squamata" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Cathetorhinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAD9C102B174CBF9CF8CFAE0FA39" box="[1209,1369,1410,1435]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Cathetorhinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C102B174CFD7CFA8FEEAFA1D" box="[151,339,1446,1471]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Ramphotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAD9C102B174CFD7CFA8FEEAFA1D" box="[151,339,1446,1471]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Ramphotyphlops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30B765BC102B174CE21CFA9FE39FA1D" box="[353,384,1447,1471]" name="American Samoa" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">As</collectingCountry>
|
||
described above, we resurrect
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C102B174CD9BCFA8FCC2FA1D" box="[731,891,1446,1471]" class="Squamata" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Cathetorhinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAD9C102B174CD9BCFA8FCC2FA1D" box="[731,891,1446,1471]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Cathetorhinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and transfer it to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C102B174CB01CFA8FB59FA1D" box="[1089,1248,1446,1471]" class="Reptilia" family="Gerrhopilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Gerrhopilidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |