274 lines
29 KiB
XML
274 lines
29 KiB
XML
<document id="485061F4E7044B2E1B2D85A3E17DE8DB" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.274383" ID-GBIF-Dataset="531b9f94-a000-4f02-b758-10699995e6cf" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="274383" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459888658446" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Riva, Ignacio De La, Chaparro, Juan C. & Padial, José M." docDate="2008" docId="03B587DCE579FF956D8B3F4DFD553E07" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01823p050.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1823" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Psychrophrynella bagrecito Lynch" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="49" masterDocId="FF8CFFA4E57FFF926D1C3C2DFFB13F55" masterDocTitle="A new, long-standing misidentified species of Psychrophrynella Hedges, Duellman & Heinicke from Departamento Cusco, Peru (Anura: Strabomantidae)" masterLastPageNumber="50" masterPageNumber="42" pageNumber="48" updateTime="1698227919025" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="D845B92657CA2AB3C1B2E490EE65B664">A new, long-standing misidentified species of Psychrophrynella Hedges, Duellman & Heinicke from Departamento Cusco, Peru (Anura: Strabomantidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="994538224B7D71A13B60DFEA20D11062">Riva, Ignacio De La</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="EA3C0EC9C8C2DE2598502CC58AD33177">Chaparro, Juan C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="26545C38808CAAF1E20BA8228171B843">Padial, José M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="9A9309E5E18A405900460FD2E1ADA50A">2008</mods:date>
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<mods:identifier id="0C95174762EE086697233128976A6624" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.274383</mods:identifier>
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<paragraph id="8BA336CAE579FF946D8B3F4DFCB03C2F" blockId="6.[151,769,864,890]" box="[151,769,864,890]" pageId="6" pageNumber="48">
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<heading id="D0EB81A6E579FF946D8B3F4DFCB03C2F" bold="true" box="[151,769,864,890]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="48" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B968EAD8E579FF946D8B3F4DFCB03C2F" bold="true" box="[151,769,864,890]" pageId="6" pageNumber="48">
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Comments on
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D49E579FF946C503F4DFCB03C2F" authority="Lynch" authorityName="Lynch" box="[332,769,864,890]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Psychrophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bagrecito">
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<emphasis id="B968EAD8E579FF946C503F4DFD293C2F" bold="true" box="[332,664,864,890]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="48">Psychrophrynella bagrecito</emphasis>
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(Lynch)
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA336CAE579FF946DDA3F9CFD2A388E" blockId="6.[151,1437,945,2011]" pageId="6" pageNumber="48">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B3BE579FF946DDA3F9CFED53C9E" author="Lynch" box="[198,356,945,971]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" refString="Lynch, J. D. (1986) New species of minute leptodactylid frogs from the Andes of Ecuador and Peru. Journal of Herpetology, 20, 423 - 431." type="journal article" year="1986">Lynch (1986)</bibRefCitation>
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described the small species
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D49E579FF946FAC3F9CFC443C9F" box="[688,1013,945,970]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Psychrophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bagrecito">
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<emphasis id="B968EAD8E579FF946FAC3F9CFC443C9F" box="[688,1013,945,970]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="48">Psychrophrynella bagrecito</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(as
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<emphasis id="B968EAD8E579FF94693A3F9CFB1F3C9F" box="[1062,1198,945,970]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="48">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D49E579FF94693A3F9CFB173C9F" box="[1062,1190,945,970]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Phrynopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Phrynopus</taxonomicName>
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)
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</emphasis>
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from the Marcapata Valley,
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<quantity id="4CE49B2FE579FF946DF23FF4FEF83CA6" box="[238,329,985,1011]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7399999999999998" pageId="6" pageNumber="48" unit="m" value="2740.0">2740 m</quantity>
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, Departamento Cusco,
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<collectingCountry id="F30B765AE579FF946F453FF4FD233CA6" box="[601,658,985,1011]" name="Peru" pageId="6" pageNumber="48">Peru</collectingCountry>
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, and he stressed that the skulls of
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D49E579FF9469023FF4FB1B3CA7" box="[1054,1194,985,1010]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Psychrophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bagrecito">
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<emphasis id="B968EAD8E579FF9469023FF4FB1B3CA7" box="[1054,1194,985,1010]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="48">P. bagrecito</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D49E579FF9469FF3FF4FAC23CA7" box="[1251,1395,985,1010]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Psychrophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="usurpator">
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<emphasis id="B968EAD8E579FF9469FF3FF4FAC23CA7" box="[1251,1395,985,1010]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="48">P. usurpator</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(as
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D49E579FF946D8B382CFE893B4F" box="[151,312,1025,1050]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Sminthillus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="peruvianus">
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<emphasis id="B968EAD8E579FF946D8B382CFE893B4F" box="[151,312,1025,1050]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="48">P. peruvianus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) were almost identical. Also, he observed that both species share a tarsal tubercle, which he described as sickle-shaped in
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D49E579FF946F1A3804FD263B17" box="[518,663,1065,1090]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Psychrophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bagrecito">
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<emphasis id="B968EAD8E579FF946F1A3804FD263B17" box="[518,663,1065,1090]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="48">P. bagrecito</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and prominent, elongate, sigmoid-shaped, not continuous with inner metatarsal tubercle in
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<emphasis id="B968EAD8E579FF946CC7387CFDC13B3F" box="[475,624,1105,1130]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="48">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D49E579FF946CC7387CFDDD3B3F" box="[475,620,1105,1130]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Psychrophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="usurpator">P. usurpator</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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For these reasons, he considered
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D49E579FF946EEA387CFB303B3F" box="[1014,1153,1105,1130]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Psychrophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bagrecito">
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<emphasis id="B968EAD8E579FF946EEA387CFB303B3F" box="[1014,1153,1105,1130]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="48">P. bagrecito</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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as the second species in his
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D49E579FF946DDD3854FE7B3BC7" box="[193,458,1145,1170]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Phrynopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="peruvianus">
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<emphasis id="B968EAD8E579FF946DDD3854FE7B3BC7" box="[193,458,1145,1170]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="48">Phrynopus peruvianus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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group. Furthermore, the morphology of
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D49E579FF946EB53854FB873BC7" box="[937,1078,1145,1170]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Psychrophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bagrecito">
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<emphasis id="B968EAD8E579FF946EB53854FB873BC7" box="[937,1078,1145,1170]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="48">P. bagrecito</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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led
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B3BE579FF9469753854FAB93BC6" author="Lynch" box="[1129,1288,1145,1171]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" refString="Lynch, J. D. (1986) New species of minute leptodactylid frogs from the Andes of Ecuador and Peru. Journal of Herpetology, 20, 423 - 431." type="journal article" year="1986">Lynch (1986)</bibRefCitation>
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to comment on the overall similarity and possible close relationships of the
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D49E579FF946E91388CFB263BEF" box="[909,1175,1185,1210]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Phrynopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="peruvianus">
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<emphasis id="B968EAD8E579FF946E91388CFB263BEF" box="[909,1175,1185,1210]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="48">Phrynopus peruvianus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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group with the genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D49E579FF946D8B38E4FF4D3BB7" box="[151,252,1225,1250]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Noblella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B968EAD8E579FF946D8B38E4FF4D3BB7" box="[151,252,1225,1250]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="48">Noblella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(as
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D49E579FF946C3238E4FE753BB7" box="[302,452,1225,1250]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phyllonastes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B968EAD8E579FF946C3238E4FE753BB7" box="[302,452,1225,1250]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="48">Phyllonastes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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). Recently,
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B3BE579FF946F4F38E4FC953BB6" box="[595,804,1225,1251]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" refString="Lehr, E., Aguilar, C. & Lundberg, M. (2004) A new species of Phyllonastes from Peru (Amphibia, Anura, Leptodactylidae). Journal of Herpetology, 38, 214 - 218." type="journal article">
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Lehr
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<emphasis id="B968EAD8E579FF946F8F38E4FD7F3BB7" box="[659,718,1225,1250]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="48">et al.</emphasis>
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(2004)
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</bibRefCitation>
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described
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D49E579FF946EB938E4FB363BB7" box="[933,1159,1225,1250]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Noblella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="duellmani">
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<emphasis id="B968EAD8E579FF946EB938E4FB363BB7" box="[933,1159,1225,1250]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="48">Noblella duellmani</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(as
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<emphasis id="B968EAD8E579FF9469A638E4FF6A3A5F" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="48">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D49E579FF9469A638E4FF623A5F" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phyllonastes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="duellmani">Phyllonastes duellmani</taxonomicName>
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)
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</emphasis>
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and considered it as the species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D49E579FF946F8038DCFCB03A5F" box="[668,769,1265,1290]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Noblella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B968EAD8E579FF946F8038DCFCB03A5F" box="[668,769,1265,1290]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="48">Noblella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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morphologically closest to
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D49E579FF94694538DCFB693A5F" box="[1113,1240,1265,1290]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Phrynopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B968EAD8E579FF94694538DCFB693A5F" box="[1113,1240,1265,1290]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="48">Phrynopus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, because of the absence of several characters previously considered diagnostic of
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D49E579FF946EF73934FBE13A67" box="[1003,1104,1305,1330]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Noblella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B968EAD8E579FF946EF73934FBE13A67" box="[1003,1104,1305,1330]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="48">Noblella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, including circumferential grooves; the only diagnostic feature of
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D49E579FF946F6A396CFD6A3A0F" box="[630,731,1345,1370]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Noblella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B968EAD8E579FF946F6A396CFD6A3A0F" box="[630,731,1345,1370]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="48">Noblella</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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remaining in
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D49E579FF946E94396CFB923A0F" box="[904,1059,1345,1370]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phyllonastes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="duellmani">
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<emphasis id="B968EAD8E579FF946E94396CFB923A0F" box="[904,1059,1345,1370]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="48">N. duellmani</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is the presence of tips slightly acuminate in Toes III–V. More recently,
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B3BE579FF946F643944FCB73AD6" author="Lehr" box="[632,774,1385,1411]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" refString="Lehr, E. (2006) Taxonomic status of some species of Peruvian Phrynopus (Anura: Leptodactylidae), with the description of a new species from the Andes of southern Peru. Herpetologica, 62, 331 - 347." type="journal article" year="2006">Lehr (2006)</bibRefCitation>
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noted that
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D49E579FF946E913944FBAB3AD7" box="[909,1050,1385,1410]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Psychrophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bagrecito">
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<emphasis id="B968EAD8E579FF946E913944FBAB3AD7" box="[909,1050,1385,1410]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="48">P. bagrecito</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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shares some morphological features with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D49E579FF946C0B39BCFECD3AFF" box="[279,380,1425,1450]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Noblella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAD8E579FF946C0B39BCFECD3AFF" box="[279,380,1425,1450]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="48">Noblella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Our examination of the holotye (KU 196512) and some
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A78868E579FF94692839BCFB153AFE" box="[1076,1188,1425,1451]" pageId="6" pageNumber="48" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D49E579FF9469CC39BCFAEF3AFF" box="[1232,1374,1425,1450]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Psychrophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bagrecito">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAD8E579FF9469CC39BCFAEF3AFF" box="[1232,1374,1425,1450]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="48">P. bagrecito</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(KU 196513–18, 196520–21, 196523–25;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13272A4FE579FF946F433994FD183A86" box="[607,681,1465,1491]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,255,725,749]" captionTargetBox="[415,1171,185,711]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[415,1171,185,711]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Dorsal and ventral view of two paratypes of Psychrophrynella bagrecito (KU 196513, 196516). Photograph by JMP." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274388/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="48">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
) from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A78868E579FF946E293994FCD63A86" box="[821,871,1465,1491]" pageId="6" pageNumber="48">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality and other recent specimens collected nearby (Quebrada de Iskaybamba, Marcapata, Cusco,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE28500DE579FF946E0E39CCFC0F3AAE" box="[786,958,1505,1531]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="48" precision="1" value="-13.504228">13°30'15.22"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE28500DE579FF946ED639CCFBCE3AAE" box="[970,1151,1505,1531]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="48" precision="1" value="-70.91634">70°54'58.84"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CE49B2FE579FF94699739CCFB563AAE" box="[1163,1255,1505,1531]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.244" pageId="6" pageNumber="48" unit="m" value="2244.0">2244 m</quantity>
|
||
; MHNC 5255– 56) confirms Lehr’s (2006) impression. These specimens have weakly pointed tips of the digits and even possess rudiments of circumferential grooves. We think that if
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D49E579FF946E6F3A1CFBE8391F" box="[883,1113,1585,1610]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Noblella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="duellmani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAD8E579FF946E6F3A1CFBE8391F" box="[883,1113,1585,1610]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="48">Noblella duellmani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is correctly placed in this genus,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D49E579FF946DF73A74FEC63927" box="[235,375,1625,1650]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Psychrophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bagrecito">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAD8E579FF946DF73A74FEC63927" box="[235,375,1625,1650]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="48">P. bagrecito</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
might make a stronger case to be included in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D49E579FF946E863A74FC4F3927" box="[922,1022,1625,1650]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Noblella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAD8E579FF946E863A74FC4F3927" box="[922,1022,1625,1650]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="48">Noblella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as well. However, we refrain from formally transfer
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D49E579FF946C733AACFDB039CF" box="[367,513,1665,1690]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Psychrophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bagrecito">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAD8E579FF946C733AACFDB039CF" box="[367,513,1665,1690]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="48">P. bagrecito</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D49E579FF946F2E3AACFD2739CF" box="[562,662,1665,1690]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Noblella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAD8E579FF946F2E3AACFD2739CF" box="[562,662,1665,1690]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="48">Noblella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
because characters such as circumferential grooves have high intrageneric variation in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D49E579FF946CA73A84FDC73996" box="[443,630,1705,1731]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Strabomantidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. On the other hand, specimens of what seem to be undescribed species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D49E579FF946DF73AFCFEE139BF" box="[235,336,1745,1770]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Noblella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAD8E579FF946DF73AFCFEE139BF" box="[235,336,1745,1770]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="48">Noblella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30B765AE579FF946C8A3AFCFE5D39BE" box="[406,492,1745,1771]" name="Bolivia" pageId="6" pageNumber="48">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
show all the typical characters of the genus plus a prominent tarsal tubercle, like the one in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D49E579FF946C003AD4FE1A3847" box="[284,427,1785,1810]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Psychrophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bagrecito">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAD8E579FF946C003AD4FE1A3847" box="[284,427,1785,1810]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="48">P. bagrecito</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or even
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D49E579FF946F073AD4FD1F3847" box="[539,686,1785,1810]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Psychrophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="usurpator">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAD8E579FF946F073AD4FD1F3847" box="[539,686,1785,1810]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="48">P. usurpator</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(I.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30B765AE579FF946FC33AD4FCB03846" box="[735,769,1785,1811]" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="6" pageNumber="48">De</collectingCountry>
|
||
la Riva, unpublished.) Phylogenetic analyses based on DNA sequences by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B3BE579FF946C9E3B0CFDC3386E" box="[386,626,1825,1851]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" refString="Hedges, S. B., Duellman, W. E. & Heinicke, M. P. (2008) New World direct-developing frogs (Anura: Terrarana): Molecular phylogeny, classification, biogeography, and conservation. Zootaxa, 1737, 1 - 182." type="journal article">
|
||
Hedges
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAD8E579FF946CFD3B0CFDAC386F" box="[481,541,1825,1850]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="48">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2008)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
placed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D49E579FF946FD23B0CFC27386F" box="[718,918,1825,1850]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Noblella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lochites">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAD8E579FF946FD23B0CFC27386F" box="[718,918,1825,1850]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="48">Noblella lochites</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in a different clade than
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAD8E579FF9469A13B0CFAE2386F" box="[1213,1363,1825,1850]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D49E579FF9469A13B0CFAFF386F" box="[1213,1358,1825,1850]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Psychrophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="usurpator">P. usurpator</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Thus, it seems that the character of a prominent tarsal tubercle might have evolved more than once in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D49E579FF9469EE3B64FA283836" box="[1266,1433,1865,1891]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Holoadeninae">Holoadeninae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. For the moment, the phylogenetic relationships between Lynch's putative
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAD8E579FF9469133B5CFB1B38DF" box="[1039,1194,1905,1930]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="48">
|
||
"
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D49E579FF9469043B5CFB1038DF" box="[1048,1185,1905,1930]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Phrynopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="peruvianus">peruvianus</taxonomicName>
|
||
"
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
group and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D49E579FF94682B3B5CFA2D38DF" box="[1335,1436,1905,1930]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Noblella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAD8E579FF94682B3B5CFA2D38DF" box="[1335,1436,1905,1930]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="48">Noblella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are still obscure, and the osteological peculiarities of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D49E579FF946E083BB4FC1738E7" box="[788,934,1945,1970]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Psychrophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="usurpator">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAD8E579FF946E083BB4FC1738E7" box="[788,934,1945,1970]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="48">P. usurpator</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
commented by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B3BE579FF94697A3BB4FAB638E6" author="Lynch" box="[1126,1287,1945,1971]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" refString="Lynch, J. D. (1975) A review of the Andean leptodactylid frog genus Phrynopus. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas, 35, 1 - 51." type="journal article" year="1975">Lynch (1975)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
suggest that all these species need a more detailed study.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA336CAE578FF956DD93CB5FD553E07" blockId="7.[151,1436,152,338]" pageId="7" pageNumber="49">
|
||
Four specimens in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A78868E578FF956CC93CB5FDB63FE7" box="[469,519,152,178]" pageId="7" pageNumber="49">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D49E578FF956F623CB5FCBA3FE4" box="[638,779,152,177]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Psychrophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bagrecito">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAD8E578FF956F623CB5FCBA3FE4" box="[638,779,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="49">P. bagrecito</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are from Hacienda Huyro, a locality at an elevation of
|
||
<quantity id="4CE49B2FE578FF956D8B3CEDFF403F8F" box="[151,241,192,218]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.83" pageId="7" pageNumber="49" unit="m" value="1830.0">1830 m</quantity>
|
||
between Huayopata and Quillabamba (Departamento Cusco), almost
|
||
<quantity id="4CE49B2FE578FF95692E3CEDFB3C3F8F" box="[1074,1165,192,218]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="49" unit="km" value="200.0">200 km</quantity>
|
||
(airline) NW from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A78868E578FF956D8B3CC5FF783E57" box="[151,201,232,258]" pageId="7" pageNumber="49">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality. We examined two of these specimens (KU 196527–28) and observed some differences in relation to those from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A78868E578FF956C803D3DFE7E3E7F" box="[412,463,272,298]" pageId="7" pageNumber="49">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality, being the most remarkable a much weaker tarsal tubercle. The taxonomic status of this population deserves further research.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |