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treatments-xml/data/03/A8/87/03A887A7FFE47D642A81FDB361BAFF5D.xml
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<document id="5C297E0D3FC9E2DC6A2BAC3C7C8A42BA" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.2599.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175­5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10095192" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629698826262" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Devictor, Susan T. &amp; Morton, Steve L." docDate="2010" docId="03A887A7FFE47D642A81FDB361BAFF5D" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02599p062.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2599 (1)" docSource="https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2599.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:D239614CE4198176A422035174489AB1.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.monograph" docStyleId="D239614CE4198176A422035174489AB1" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.monograph" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Thesea nivea Deichmann 1936" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="44" masterDocId="FF91FFDFFFCE7D4F2A16FFCE653BFF8A" masterDocTitle="Identification guide to the shallow water (0 - 200 m) octocorals of the South Atlantic Bight 2599" masterLastPageNumber="62" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="43" updateTime="1699569631396" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="DC7DE11A0A63B2541BDB97039DF71D37">Identification guide to the shallow water (0 - 200 m) octocorals of the South Atlantic Bight 2599</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A8DB1275E43A553986DC9CBFD461A49F">Devictor, Susan T.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="29B89B6D5462A0206BBE3A34D422132A">2010</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="73E3D3A92631C87BC12707A2B5097F19">2599</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="6F4C78BFD681DBCE158D8B6339E9B83A" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.2599.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03A887A7FFE47D642A81FDB361BAFF5D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A887A7FFE47D642A81FDB361BAFF5D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A887A7FFE47D642A81FDB361BAFF5D" lastPageId="43" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<subSubSection id="C31B653AFFE47D652A81FDB3672DFD1D" box="[151,534,637,663]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BBE36B1FFE47D652A81FDB3672DFD1D" blockId="42.[151,534,637,698]" box="[151,534,637,663]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<heading id="D0F681DDFFE47D652A81FDB3672DFD1D" bold="true" box="[151,534,637,663]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C014D32FFE47D652A81FDB3672DFD1D" ID-CoL="56F7C" authority="Deichmann, 1936" authorityName="Deichmann" authorityYear="1936" box="[151,534,637,663]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Thesea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="nivea">
<emphasis id="B975EAA3FFE47D652A81FDB3672DFD1D" bold="true" box="[151,534,637,663]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="B975EAA3FFE47D652A81FDB3640EFD1D" bold="true" box="[151,309,637,663]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Thesea nivea</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF904B40FFE47D652B2BFDB3672DFD1D" author="Deichmann, E." box="[317,534,637,663]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refId="ref25431" refString="Deichmann, E. (1936) The Alcyonaria of the western part of the Atlantic Ocean. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 53, 317 pp." type="book" year="1936">Deichmann, 1936</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C31B653AFFE47D652A81FD6E6420FD30" box="[151,283,672,698]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BBE36B1FFE47D652A81FD6E6420FD30" blockId="42.[151,534,637,698]" box="[151,283,672,698]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
(
<figureCitation id="133A2A34FFE47D652A89FD6E6429FD30" box="[159,274,672,698]" captionStart="FIGURE 39" captionStartId="43.[151,255,1511,1535]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,263,1490]" captionTargetId="figure-172@43.[226,1361,263,1490]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 39. Thesea nivea: A, sclerites (USNM 16836): a) curved rod from anthocodia; b–e) coenenchymal sclerites; b) double head; c–f) spindles (scale bar = 0.05 mm); B, colony with expanded polyps (live specimen, S2695; height approximately 15 cm); C, calyx arrangement on stem (live specimen, S2695); D, partly contracted (left) and expanded (right) polyps (live specimen, S2695)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10095272" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10095272/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Figure 39</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31B653AFFE47D652A81FD2461ACFC8B" box="[151,1175,746,769]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BBE36B1FFE47D652A81FD2461ACFC8B" blockId="42.[151,1175,746,769]" box="[151,1175,746,769]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB11119FFFE47D652A81FD2461ACFC8B" box="[151,1175,746,769]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<treatmentCitation id="0AA010A0FFE47D652A81FD246722FC8B" author="Deichmann, E." box="[151,537,746,769]" page="122" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" year="1936">
<taxonomicName id="4C014D32FFE47D652A81FD246722FC8B" ID-CoL="56F7C" authority="Deichmann, 1936: 122" authorityName="Deichmann" authorityPageNumber="122" authorityYear="1936" box="[151,537,746,769]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Thesea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="nivea">
<emphasis id="B975EAA3FFE47D652A81FD246418FC8B" box="[151,291,746,769]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Thesea nivea</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF904B40FFE47D652B3FFD246722FC8B" author="Deichmann, E." box="[297,537,746,769]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refId="ref25431" refString="Deichmann, E. (1936) The Alcyonaria of the western part of the Atlantic Ocean. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 53, 317 pp." type="book" year="1936">Deichmann, 1936:122</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
; Plate 7 fig. 7; Plate 11 figs. 16–18.—
<treatmentCitation id="0AA010A0FFE47D6529BAFD2461A8FC8B" author="Cairns, S. D. &amp; Calder, D. R. &amp; Brinckmann-Voss, A. &amp; Castro, C. B. &amp; Fautin, D. G. &amp; Pugh, P. R. &amp; Mills, C. E. &amp; Jaap, W. C. &amp; Arai, M. N. &amp; Haddock, S. H. D. &amp; Opresko, D. M." box="[940,1171,746,769]" page="34" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" year="2002">
<bibRefCitation id="EF904B40FFE47D6529BAFD2461A8FC8B" author="Cairns, S. D. &amp; Calder, D. R. &amp; Brinckmann-Voss, A. &amp; Castro, C. B. &amp; Fautin, D. G. &amp; Pugh, P. R. &amp; Mills, C. E. &amp; Jaap, W. C. &amp; Arai, M. N. &amp; Haddock, S. H. D. &amp; Opresko, D. M." box="[940,1171,746,769]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 115" refId="ref25059" refString="Cairns, S. D., Calder, D. R., Brinckmann-Voss, A., Castro, C. B., Fautin, D. G., Pugh, P. R., Mills, C. E., Jaap, W. C., Arai, M. N., Haddock, S. H. D. &amp; Opresko, D. M. (2002) Common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the United States and Canada: Cnidaria and Ctenophora. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, MD, 1 - 115." type="book chapter" year="2002">
Cairns
<emphasis id="B975EAA3FFE47D6529EAFD246109FC8B" box="[1020,1074,746,769]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">et al.</emphasis>
2002:34
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31B653AFFE47D652A81FCE1648BFC55" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BBE36B1FFE47D652A81FCE1648BFC55" blockId="42.[151,1437,815,2036]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="B975EAA3FFE47D652A81FCE164B5FCC3" bold="true" box="[151,398,815,841]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B693CECFFE47D652B80FCFE61E0FCC0" box="[406,1243,816,842]" collectingDate="1885-10-20" collectionCode="USNM" elevation="16836" location="Cape Fear" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="North Carolina">
<collectionCode id="ED10AE74FFE47D652B80FCFE64D0FCC0" box="[406,491,816,842]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
<quantity id="4CF99B54FFE47D652BE2FCFE67B6FCC0" box="[500,653,816,842]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.683627" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="m" value="16836.27">
<elevation id="002CD182FFE47D652BE2FCFE67B6FCC0" box="[500,653,816,842]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.683627" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="m" value="16836.27">16836, 27 m</elevation>
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, off
<location id="8EDE606AFFE47D6528D2FCFE6604FCC0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A887A7FFE47D642A81FDB361BAFF5D:8EDE606AFFE47D6528D2FCFE6604FCC0" box="[708,831,816,842]" name="Cape Fear" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" stateProvince="North Carolina">Cape Fear</location>
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<collectingRegion id="49C5F853FFE47D65295AFCFE6139FCC0" box="[844,1026,816,842]" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">North Carolina</collectingRegion>
,
<date id="FFBF1071FFE47D652E19FCFE61E0FCC0" box="[1039,1243,816,842]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" value="1885-10-20">
<collectingDate id="EFFBE999FFE47D652E19FCFE61E0FCC0" box="[1039,1243,816,842]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" value="1885-10-20">October 20 1885</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B693CECFFE47D652EF1FCFE666DFCE5" collectingDate="1976-03-20" collectionCode="SERTC" location="Charleston" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" specimenCode="S2692, 24.5" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="South Carolina">
<collectionCode id="ED10AE74FFE47D652EF1FCFE607AFCC0" box="[1255,1345,816,842]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">SERTC</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="DBA79ECAFFE47D652F5FFCFE60A3FCC0" box="[1353,1432,816,842]" collectionCode="SERTC" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">S2692</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="DBA79ECAFFE47D652A81FC9B65F6FCE5" box="[151,205,853,879]" collectionCode="SERTC" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">24.5</specimenCode>
m, off
<location id="8EDE606AFFE47D652B3AFC9B648DFCE5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A887A7FFE47D642A81FDB361BAFF5D:8EDE606AFFE47D652B3AFC9B648DFCE5" box="[300,438,853,879]" name="Charleston" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" stateProvince="South Carolina">Charleston</location>
,
<collectingRegion id="49C5F853FFE47D652BD3FC9B67BFFCE5" box="[453,644,853,879]" country="United States of America" name="South Carolina" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">South Carolina</collectingRegion>
,
<date id="FFBF1071FFE47D652885FC9B666DFCE5" box="[659,854,853,879]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" value="1976-03-20">
<collectingDate id="EFFBE999FFE47D652885FC9B666DFCE5" box="[659,854,853,879]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" value="1976-03-20">20 March 1976</collectingDate>
</date>
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.
<materialsCitation id="3B693CECFFE47D652972FC9B6488FC1E" collectingDate="2004-06-04" collectionCode="SERTC" elevation="2693" location="Hilton Head" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="South Carolina">
<collectionCode id="ED10AE74FFE47D652972FC9B66FAFCE5" box="[868,961,853,879]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">SERTC</collectionCode>
S
<quantity id="4CF99B54FFE47D6529CCFC9B6156FCE5" box="[986,1133,853,879]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.69329" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="m" value="2693.29">
<elevation id="002CD182FFE47D6529CCFC9B6156FCE5" box="[986,1133,853,879]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.69329" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="m" value="2693.29">2693, 29 m</elevation>
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<location id="8EDE606AFFE47D652EBFFC9B607DFCE5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A887A7FFE47D642A81FDB361BAFF5D:8EDE606AFFE47D652EBFFC9B607DFCE5" box="[1193,1350,853,879]" name="Hilton Head" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" stateProvince="South Carolina">Hilton Head</location>
,
<collectingRegion id="49C5F853FFE47D652F42FC9B643FFC1E" country="United States of America" name="South Carolina" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">South Carolina</collectingRegion>
,
<date id="FFBF1071FFE47D652B04FCB46488FC1E" box="[274,435,890,916]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" value="2004-06-04">
<collectingDate id="EFFBE999FFE47D652B04FCB46488FC1E" box="[274,435,890,916]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" value="2004-06-04">June 4, 2004</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B693CECFFE47D652BD6FCB46008FC1E" box="[448,1331,890,916]" collectingDate="2006-08-15" collectionCode="SERTC" elevation="2695" location="Charleston" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="South Carolina">
<collectionCode id="ED10AE74FFE47D652BD6FCB46727FC1E" box="[448,540,890,916]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">SERTC</collectionCode>
S
<quantity id="4CF99B54FFE47D652823FCB467FDFC1E" box="[565,710,890,916]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.69524" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="m" value="2695.24">
<elevation id="002CD182FFE47D652823FCB467FDFC1E" box="[565,710,890,916]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.69524" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="m" value="2695.24">2695, 24 m</elevation>
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<location id="8EDE606AFFE47D652916FCB466B3FC1E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A887A7FFE47D642A81FDB361BAFF5D:8EDE606AFFE47D652916FCB466B3FC1E" box="[768,904,890,916]" name="Charleston" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" stateProvince="South Carolina">Charleston</location>
,
<collectingRegion id="49C5F853FFE47D652981FCB4616FFC1E" box="[919,1108,890,916]" country="United States of America" name="South Carolina" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">South Carolina</collectingRegion>
,
<date id="FFBF1071FFE47D652E74FCB46008FC1E" box="[1122,1331,890,916]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" value="2006-08-15">
<collectingDate id="EFFBE999FFE47D652E74FCB46008FC1E" box="[1122,1331,890,916]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" value="2006-08-15">August 15, 2006</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B693CECFFE47D652F56FCB466B4FC30" collectingDate="2006-08-15" collectionCode="SERTC" location="Charleston" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" specimenCode="S2696, 24.1" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="South Carolina">
<collectionCode id="ED10AE74FFE47D652F56FCB460A7FC1E" box="[1344,1436,890,916]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">SERTC</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="DBA79ECAFFE47D652A81FC6E65DFFC30" box="[151,228,928,954]" collectionCode="SERTC" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">S2696</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="DBA79ECAFFE47D652AE7FC6E641FFC30" box="[241,292,928,954]" collectionCode="SERTC" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">24.1</specimenCode>
m, off
<location id="8EDE606AFFE47D652B6DFC6E64C6FC30" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A887A7FFE47D642A81FDB361BAFF5D:8EDE606AFFE47D652B6DFC6E64C6FC30" box="[379,509,928,954]" name="Charleston" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" stateProvince="South Carolina">Charleston</location>
,
<collectingRegion id="49C5F853FFE47D65281FFC6E6786FC30" box="[521,701,928,954]" country="United States of America" name="South Carolina" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">South Carolina</collectingRegion>
,
<date id="FFBF1071FFE47D6528DEFC6E66B4FC30" box="[712,911,928,954]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" value="2006-08-15">
<collectingDate id="EFFBE999FFE47D6528DEFC6E66B4FC30" box="[712,911,928,954]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" value="2006-08-15">August 15, 2006</collectingDate>
</date>
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.
<materialsCitation id="3B693CECFFE47D65298DFC6E6497FC55" collectingDate="1981-07-28" collectionCode="SERTC" elevation="2703" location="Charleston" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="South Carolina">
<collectionCode id="ED10AE74FFE47D65298DFC6E66CEFC30" box="[923,1013,928,954]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">SERTC</collectionCode>
S
<quantity id="4CF99B54FFE47D652E1DFC6E61AFFC30" box="[1035,1172,928,954]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.70349" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="m" value="2703.49">
<elevation id="002CD182FFE47D652E1DFC6E61AFFC30" box="[1035,1172,928,954]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.70349" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="m" value="2703.49">2703, 49 m</elevation>
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, off
<location id="8EDE606AFFE47D652EDCFC6E6077FC30" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A887A7FFE47D642A81FDB361BAFF5D:8EDE606AFFE47D652EDCFC6E6077FC30" box="[1226,1356,928,954]" name="Charleston" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" stateProvince="South Carolina">Charleston</location>
,
<collectingRegion id="49C5F853FFE47D652F4EFC6E65C4FC55" country="United States of America" name="South Carolina" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">South Carolina</collectingRegion>
,
<date id="FFBF1071FFE47D652B1CFC0B6497FC55" box="[266,428,965,991]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" value="1981-07-28">
<collectingDate id="EFFBE999FFE47D652B1CFC0B6497FC55" box="[266,428,965,991]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" value="1981-07-28">July 28, 1981</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31B653AFFE47D642AD3FC2461BAFF5D" lastPageId="43" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BBE36B1FFE47D652AD3FC24661DFAA5" blockId="42.[151,1437,815,2036]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="B975EAA3FFE47D652AD3FC24647EFB8E" bold="true" box="[197,325,1002,1028]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Remarks.</emphasis>
This species grows more or less in one plane with slender branches that bend upward, occasionally at a right angle. In life, the colony is reddish violet, with dark red to purple polyps with white centers. Under magnification, the tissue of the polyps and coenenchyme is violet, but colorless sclerites are visible on the surface of the branches and at the base and neck of the expanded polyps. When preserved in alcohol the coenenchyme color is gray, creamy white or light brown. The dome-like calyces form an eightlobed star and are scattered around the branches. The branches are
<quantity id="4CF99B54FFE47D6529DBFB6B610AFB35" box="[973,1073,1189,1215]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">3–4 mm</quantity>
in diameter and tips on some branches are slightly inflated. This species may be fouled with epibionts such as ascidians and barnacles, and colonies often have multiple galls that are occupied by invertebrates such as the spionid worm
<taxonomicName id="4C014D32FFE47D652F12FB3E60A7FA80" box="[1284,1436,1264,1290]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Polydora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B975EAA3FFE47D652F12FB3E6049FA83" box="[1284,1394,1264,1289]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Polydora</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
and the crab
<taxonomicName id="4C014D32FFE47D652B3BFADB6720FAA4" authorityName="Stimpson" authorityYear="1871" box="[301,539,1301,1326]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pilumnidae" genus="Pilumnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="floridanus">
<emphasis id="B975EAA3FFE47D652B3BFADB6720FAA4" box="[301,539,1301,1326]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Pilumnus floridanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(DeVictor, pers. obs.).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBE36B1FFE47D652AD3FAF465F7FA4E" blockId="42.[151,1437,815,2036]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Sclerites are colorless and consist of large, warty, acute spindles and small double heads, and some spiny or warty curved rods. The polyp armature consists of curved or arched rods in a collaret and points arrangement. The spindles range from 0.3–0.5 mm; double heads, 0.1– 0.2 mm; and the curved rods, 0.3–0.6 mm.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBE36B1FFE47D652AD3FA1E61A6F9BE" blockId="42.[151,1437,815,2036]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
Some colonies have a bushy appearance that departs from the typical flat, planar growth form, with slightly shorter and more crooked branchlets. These colonies also have thicker branches up to
<quantity id="4CF99B54FFE47D652F22FA3B6041F985" box="[1332,1402,1525,1551]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
in diameter, but the sclerite assemblage remains consistent with the more slender colonies.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBE36B1FFE47D652AD3F98E610AF87E" blockId="42.[151,1437,815,2036]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
In addition to the identified specimens examined, one
<taxonomicName id="4C014D32FFE47D65295AF98E66A4F9D3" authorityName="Duchassaing &amp; Michelotti" authorityYear="1860" box="[844,927,1600,1625]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Thesea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B975EAA3FFE47D65295AF98E66A4F9D3" box="[844,927,1600,1625]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Thesea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimen was collected and examined but remains unidentified. The specimen is approximately
<quantity id="4CF99B54FFE47D652902F9AB665DF9F5" box="[788,870,1637,1663]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.3" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="mm" value="63.0">63 mm</quantity>
in height with a lateral branching growth form. All branches appear to be
<quantity id="4CF99B54FFE47D652BC0F9446702F92E" box="[470,569,1674,1700]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 mm</quantity>
in width and gently curve upward from the main stem. The calyces are moderately protruding and domelike with retracted polyps. The most obvious character about this specimen is the sclerites, which range from 0.1 mm to over
<quantity id="4CF99B54FFE47D6528ABF91B663AF965" box="[701,769,1749,1775]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
in length. The largest of the sclerites are bluntly elongate to globular with two distinct sides. The outer side displays undulating, irregular humps which are quite smooth with the exception of the clusters of low, fine spines at the apex of each hump. The opposing side, which tends to face the axis, displays a very coarse texture and crowded, fine tubercles. The smaller sclerites tend to be concentrated toward the calyces and are warty, elongate spindles with acute tips. All sclerites are coral red with the exception of the yellow anthocodial rods and calicular spindles. Although several of the western Atlantic
<taxonomicName id="4C014D32FFE47D652B71F87B6727F845" box="[359,540,1973,1999]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Thesea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B975EAA3FFE47D652B71F87B6487F844" box="[359,444,1973,1998]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Thesea</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
in
<bibRefCitation id="EF904B40FFE47D652853F87B6613F845" author="Deichmann, E." box="[581,808,1973,1999]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refId="ref25431" refString="Deichmann, E. (1936) The Alcyonaria of the western part of the Atlantic Ocean. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 53, 317 pp." type="book" year="1936">Deichmann (1936)</bibRefCitation>
are described as having large, ridged or undulating outer sclerites, identification of the specimen to species level was not possible.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBE36B1FFE57D642AD3FF5960A7FF38" blockId="43.[151,1436,151,215]" box="[197,1436,151,178]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="B975EAA3FFE57D642AD3FF5964F5FF3B" bold="true" box="[197,462,151,177]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Atlantic distribution:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B693CECFFE57D642BC0FF5666E8FF38" box="[470,979,152,178]" elevation="37" location="North Carolina" municipality="South Carolina" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" specimenCount="1">
<location id="8EDE606AFFE57D642BC0FF5667BDFF38" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A887A7FFE47D642A81FDB361BAFF5D:8EDE606AFFE57D642BC0FF5667BDFF38" box="[470,646,152,178]" municipality="South Carolina" name="North Carolina" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">North Carolina</location>
to
<collectingMunicipality id="6BDAACCBFFE57D6428BCFF566665FF38" box="[682,862,152,178]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">South Carolina</collectingMunicipality>
,
<quantity id="4CF99B54FFE57D64297FFF5666E8FF38" box="[873,979,152,178]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.65" metricValueMax="4.9" metricValueMin="2.4" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="m" value="36.5" valueMax="49.0" valueMin="24.0">
<elevation id="002CD182FFE57D64297FFF5666E8FF38" box="[873,979,152,178]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.65" metricValueMax="4.9" metricValueMin="2.4" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="m" value="36.5" valueMax="49.0" valueMin="24.0">24–49 m</elevation>
</quantity>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B693CECFFE57D6429C9FF5661FCFF38" box="[991,1223,152,178]" country="Haiti" elevation="71" location="Dry" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" specimenCount="1">
<location id="8EDE606AFFE57D6429C9FF566136FF38" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A887A7FFE47D642A81FDB361BAFF5D:8EDE606AFFE57D6429C9FF566136FF38" box="[991,1037,152,178]" country="Haiti" name="Dry" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Dry</location>
<collectingCountry id="F3167621FFE57D642E02FF566146FF38" box="[1044,1149,152,178]" name="Haiti" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Tortugas</collectingCountry>
,
<quantity id="4CF99B54FFE57D642E9FFF5661FCFF38" box="[1161,1223,152,178]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.1" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="m" value="71.0">
<elevation id="002CD182FFE57D642E9FFF5661FCFF38" box="[1161,1223,152,178]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.1" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="m" value="71.0">71 m</elevation>
</quantity>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B693CECFFE57D642EC5FF5660ACFF38" box="[1235,1431,152,178]" country="Saint Lucia" elevation="371" isTailEnumeration="true" location="Dry" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCountry id="F3167621FFE57D642EC5FF566005FF38" box="[1235,1342,152,178]" name="Saint Lucia" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">St. Lucia</collectingCountry>
,
<quantity id="4CF99B54FFE57D642F5CFF5660ACFF38" box="[1354,1431,152,178]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.71" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="m" value="371.0">
<elevation id="002CD182FFE57D642F5CFF5660ACFF38" box="[1354,1431,152,178]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.71" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="m" value="371.0">371 m</elevation>
</quantity>
</materialsCitation>
;
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBE36B1FFE57D642A81FF7361BAFF5D" blockId="43.[151,1436,151,215]" box="[151,1153,189,215]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<materialsCitation id="3B693CECFFE57D642A81FF736146FF5D" box="[151,1149,189,215]" collectionCode="NMNH, SERTC" country="Guadeloupe" elevation="358" location="Guadalupe" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCountry id="F3167621FFE57D642A81FF736422FF5D" box="[151,281,189,215]" name="Guadeloupe" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Guadalupe</collectingCountry>
,
<quantity id="4CF99B54FFE57D642B32FF736454FF5D" box="[292,367,189,215]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5799999999999996" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="m" value="358.0">
<elevation id="002CD182FFE57D642B32FF736454FF5D" box="[292,367,189,215]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5799999999999996" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="m" value="358.0">358 m</elevation>
</quantity>
(
<typeStatus id="54BA8813FFE57D642B68FF736488FF5D" box="[382,435,189,215]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">type</typeStatus>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="EF904B40FFE57D642BDDFF73679AFF5D" author="Deichmann, E." box="[459,673,189,215]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refId="ref25431" refString="Deichmann, E. (1936) The Alcyonaria of the western part of the Atlantic Ocean. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 53, 317 pp." type="book" year="1936">Deichmann, 1936</bibRefCitation>
;
<collectionCode id="ED10AE74FFE57D6428BAFF73663DFF5D" box="[684,774,189,215]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/142r-0w94" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="Museum">NMNH</collectionCode>
collections;
<collectionCode id="ED10AE74FFE57D64298AFF7366CEFF5D" box="[924,1013,189,215]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">SERTC</collectionCode>
collection)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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