217 lines
24 KiB
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217 lines
24 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="A774145B7F18206906E54CD88A4AA009">Identification guide to the shallow water (0 - 200 m) octocorals of the South Atlantic Bight 2599</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="365CC650ED653A2AABAFD9C8AF170577">2010</mods:date>
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<taxonomicName id="4C014D32FFE27D632A81F940670DF922" ID-CoL="6PGHF" authority="(Bayer, 1952)" baseAuthorityName="Bayer" baseAuthorityYear="1952" box="[151,566,1678,1704]" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Leptogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="euryale">
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<emphasis id="B975EAA3FFE27D632A81F940670DF922" bold="true" box="[151,566,1678,1704]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<emphasis id="B975EAA3FFE27D632A81F94064B1F922" bold="true" box="[151,394,1678,1704]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Leptogorgia euryale</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF904B40FFE27D632B8FF9406715F922" author="Bayer, F. M." box="[409,558,1678,1704]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="6" refId="ref24411" refString="Bayer, F. M. (1952) New western Atlantic records of octocorals (Coelenterata: Anthozoa), with descriptions of three new species. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 42 (6), 183 - 180." type="journal article" year="1952">Bayer, 1952</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C31B653AFFE27D632A81F97F6427F941" box="[151,284,1713,1739]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BBE36B1FFE27D632A81F97F6427F941" blockId="44.[151,566,1678,1739]" box="[151,284,1713,1739]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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(
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<figureCitation id="133A2A34FFE27D632A89F97F6429F941" box="[159,274,1713,1739]" captionStart="FIGURE 41" captionStartId="45.[151,258,1612,1636]" captionTargetBox="[217,1369,639,1591]" captionTargetId="figure-317@45.[217,1369,639,1591]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="FIGURE 41. Leptogorgia euryale: A, sclerites (S425); a–c) disc spindles from coenenchyme; d–f) capstans from coenenchyme; g, h) large spindles from coenenchyme; i, j) flat rods from anthocodia (scale bar for a–f, i, j = 0.02 mm; g, h = 0.05 mm); B, preserved specimen, showing distribution of polyps; (scale bar = 1 mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10095276" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10095276/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Figure 41</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31B653AFFE27D632A81F93266F2F8D9" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BBE36B1FFE27D632A81F93267B8F899" blockId="44.[151,969,1788,1875]" box="[151,643,1788,1811]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AA010A0FFE27D632A81F9326730F899" author="Bayer, F. M." box="[151,523,1788,1811]" page="186" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" year="1952">
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<taxonomicName id="4C014D32FFE27D632A81F9326730F899" ID-CoL="85QVX" authority="Bayer, 1952: 186" authorityName="Bayer" authorityPageNumber="186" authorityYear="1952" box="[151,523,1788,1811]" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Eugorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="euryale">
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<emphasis id="B975EAA3FFE27D632A81F932646AF899" box="[151,337,1788,1811]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Eugorgia euryale</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF904B40FFE27D632B4EF9326730F899" author="Bayer, F. M." box="[344,523,1788,1811]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="6" refId="ref24411" refString="Bayer, F. M. (1952) New western Atlantic records of octocorals (Coelenterata: Anthozoa), with descriptions of three new species. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 42 (6), 183 - 180." type="journal article" year="1952">Bayer, 1952:186</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<figureCitation id="133A2A34FFE27D632800F932676FF899" box="[534,596,1788,1811]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1975,1999]" captionTargetBox="[303,1285,654,1951]" captionTargetId="figure-240@6.[300,1289,637,1980]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. The South Atlantic Bight, which includes coastal waters between Cape Hatteras and Cape Canaveral, USA. The 200 m isobath is shown." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10095194" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10095194/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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o-s.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBE36B1FFE27D632A81F8D266B0F8B9" blockId="44.[151,969,1788,1875]" box="[151,907,1820,1843]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB11119FFFE27D632A81F8D266B0F8B9" box="[151,907,1820,1843]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<emphasis id="B975EAA3FFE27D632A81F8D2659AF8B9" box="[151,161,1820,1843]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">?</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AA010A0FFE27D632AB7F8D2675EF8B9" author="Kukenthal, W." box="[161,613,1820,1843]" page="502" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" year="1916">
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<taxonomicName id="4C014D32FFE27D632AB7F8D2675EF8B9" ID-CoL="866YT" authority="Kukenthal, 1916: 502" authorityName="Kukenthal" authorityPageNumber="502" authorityYear="1916" box="[161,613,1820,1843]" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Xiphigorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="setacea">
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<emphasis id="B975EAA3FFE27D632AB7F8D26441F8B9" box="[161,378,1820,1843]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Xiphigorgia setacea</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF904B40FFE27D632B97F8D2675EF8B9" author="Kukenthal, W." box="[385,613,1820,1843]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="444 - 504" refId="ref26184" refString="Kukenthal, W. (1916) Die Gorgonarien Westindiens: 1. Die Scleraxonier. 2. Uber den Venusfacher. 3. Die Gattung Xiphogorgia H. M. Edw. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Suppl. 11 (4), 444 - 504." type="journal article" year="1916">Kükenthal, 1916:502</bibRefCitation>
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; Figs. Z, A'; Plate 23 fig. 6.
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<paragraph id="8BBE36B1FFE27D632A81F8F266F2F8D9" blockId="44.[151,969,1788,1875]" box="[151,969,1852,1875]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB11119FFFE27D632A81F8F266F2F8D9" box="[151,969,1852,1875]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<taxonomicName id="4C014D32FFE27D632A81F8F2644BF8D9" ID-CoL="6PGHF" baseAuthorityName="Bayer" baseAuthorityYear="1952" box="[151,368,1852,1875]" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Leptogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="euryale">
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<emphasis id="B975EAA3FFE27D632A81F8F2644BF8D9" box="[151,368,1852,1875]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Leptogorgia euryale</emphasis>
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.—
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<treatmentCitation id="0AA010A0FFE27D632B8EF8F2677DF8D9" author="Bayer, F. M." box="[408,582,1852,1875]" page="222" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" year="1961">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF904B40FFE27D632B8EF8F2677DF8D9" author="Bayer, F. M." box="[408,582,1852,1875]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 373" refId="ref24655" refString="Bayer, F. M. (1961) The shallow-water Octocorallia of the West Indian region. A manual for marine biologists. Studies on the Fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands, 12, 1 - 373." type="journal article" year="1961">Bayer 1961:222</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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; Fig. 69 f–i.—
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<treatmentCitation id="0AA010A0FFE27D6328F7F8F266FEF8D9" author="Cairns, S. D. & Calder, D. R. & Brinckmann-Voss, A. & Castro, C. B. & Fautin, D. G. & Pugh, P. R. & Mills, C. E. & Jaap, W. C. & Arai, M. N. & Haddock, S. H. D. & Opresko, D. M." box="[737,965,1852,1875]" page="35" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" year="2002">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF904B40FFE27D6328F7F8F266FEF8D9" author="Cairns, S. D. & Calder, D. R. & Brinckmann-Voss, A. & Castro, C. B. & Fautin, D. G. & Pugh, P. R. & Mills, C. E. & Jaap, W. C. & Arai, M. N. & Haddock, S. H. D. & Opresko, D. M." box="[737,965,1852,1875]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 115" refId="ref25059" refString="Cairns, S. D., Calder, D. R., Brinckmann-Voss, A., Castro, C. B., Fautin, D. G., Pugh, P. R., Mills, C. E., Jaap, W. C., Arai, M. N., Haddock, S. H. D. & Opresko, D. M. (2002) Common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the United States and Canada: Cnidaria and Ctenophora. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, MD, 1 - 115." type="book chapter" year="2002">
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Cairns
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<emphasis id="B975EAA3FFE27D632939F8F2665FF8D9" box="[815,868,1852,1875]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">et al.</emphasis>
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2002:35
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</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B975EAA3FFE27D632A81F8B564B0F81F" bold="true" box="[151,395,1915,1941]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<collectionCode id="ED10AE74FFE27D632B84F8B264D7F81C" box="[402,492,1916,1942]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">SERTC</collectionCode>
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S
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, off
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<collectingCountry id="F3167621FFE27D6328A6F8B26640F81C" box="[688,891,1916,1942]" name="St. Helena Island" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">St. Helena Island</collectingCountry>
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,
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<location id="8EDE606AFFE27D632991F8B26101F81C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A887A7FFE27D622A81F9406730FDC6:8EDE606AFFE27D632991F8B26101F81C" box="[903,1082,1916,1942]" country="St. Helena Island" name="South Carolina" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">South Carolina</location>
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,
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<date id="FFBF1071FFE27D632E50F8B261E5F81C" box="[1094,1246,1916,1942]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" value="2004-06-02">
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<collectingDate id="EFFBE999FFE27D632E50F8B261E5F81C" box="[1094,1246,1916,1942]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" value="2004-06-02">June 2, 2004</collectingDate>
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<materialsCitation id="3B693CECFFE27D632EFFF8B26626F831" collectingDate="1977-04-22" collectionCode="SERTC" country="St. Helena Island" location="Charleston" municipality="South Carolina" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" specimenCode="S2716, 15.6" specimenCount="1">
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<collectionCode id="ED10AE74FFE27D632EFFF8B26078F81C" box="[1257,1347,1916,1942]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">SERTC</collectionCode>
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<specimenCode id="DBA79ECAFFE27D632F5CF8B260ACF81C" box="[1354,1431,1916,1942]" collectionCode="SERTC" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">S2716</specimenCode>
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,
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<specimenCode id="DBA79ECAFFE27D632A81F86F65F1F831" box="[151,202,1953,1979]" collectionCode="SERTC" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">15.6</specimenCode>
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m, off
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<location id="8EDE606AFFE27D632B36F86F6499F831" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A887A7FFE27D622A81F9406730FDC6:8EDE606AFFE27D632B36F86F6499F831" box="[288,418,1953,1979]" country="St. Helena Island" municipality="South Carolina" name="Charleston" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Charleston</location>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BDAACCBFFE27D632BB8F86F6759F831" box="[430,610,1953,1979]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">South Carolina</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<date id="FFBF1071FFE27D63287BF86F6626F831" box="[621,797,1953,1979]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" value="1977-04-22">
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<collectingDate id="EFFBE999FFE27D63287BF86F6626F831" box="[621,797,1953,1979]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" value="1977-04-22">April 22, 1977</collectingDate>
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</date>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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<materialsCitation id="3B693CECFFE27D63293EF86F640CF86A" collectingDate="1977-04-02" collectionCode="SERTC" country="St. Helena Island" elevation="2718" location="Charleston" municipality="South Carolina" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" specimenCount="1">
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<collectionCode id="ED10AE74FFE27D63293EF86F66B9F831" box="[808,898,1953,1979]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">SERTC</collectionCode>
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S
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|
||
<elevation id="002CD182FFE27D63298EF86F611BF831" box="[920,1056,1953,1979]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.71791" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" unit="m" value="2717.91">2717, 91 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, off
|
||
<location id="8EDE606AFFE27D632E40F86F61E3F831" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A887A7FFE27D622A81F9406730FDC6:8EDE606AFFE27D632E40F86F61E3F831" box="[1110,1240,1953,1979]" country="St. Helena Island" municipality="South Carolina" name="Charleston" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Charleston</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BDAACCBFFE27D632EF2F86F60A3F831" box="[1252,1432,1953,1979]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">South Carolina</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFBF1071FFE27D632A81F808640CF86A" box="[151,311,1990,2016]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" value="1977-04-02">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFFBE999FFE27D632A81F808640CF86A" box="[151,311,1990,2016]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" value="1977-04-02">April 2, 1977</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B693CECFFE27D632B54F80861C0F86A" box="[322,1275,1990,2016]" collectingDate="1974-10-26" collectionCode="SERTC" country="St. Helena Island" location="Charleston Harbor" municipality="South Carolina" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" specimenCode="S2718, 37.5" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED10AE74FFE27D632B54F80864A0F86A" box="[322,411,1990,2016]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">SERTC</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBA79ECAFFE27D632BB5F80864CAF86A" box="[419,497,1990,2016]" collectionCode="SERTC" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">S2718</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBA79ECAFFE27D632BEBF808670BF86A" box="[509,560,1990,2016]" collectionCode="SERTC" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">37.5</specimenCode>
|
||
m, off
|
||
<location id="8EDE606AFFE27D632890F808665AF86A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A887A7FFE27D622A81F9406730FDC6:8EDE606AFFE27D632890F808665AF86A" box="[646,865,1990,2016]" country="St. Helena Island" municipality="South Carolina" name="Charleston Harbor" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Charleston Harbor</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BDAACCBFFE27D63297AF808611BF86A" box="[876,1056,1990,2016]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">South Carolina</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFBF1071FFE27D632E3AF80861C0F86A" box="[1068,1275,1990,2016]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" value="1974-10-26">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFFBE999FFE27D632E3AF80861C0F86A" box="[1068,1275,1990,2016]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" value="1974-10-26">October 26, 1974</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31B653AFFE37D622AD3FF596730FDC6" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE36B1FFE37D622AD3FF5966B3FD88" blockId="45.[151,1436,151,588]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EAA3FFE37D622AD3FF596405FF3B" bold="true" box="[197,318,151,177]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
This work represents the first record of this species in the SAB. This species is unbranched and very slender (
|
||
<quantity id="4CF99B54FFE37D622B2EFF7364A0FF5D" box="[312,411,189,215]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 mm</quantity>
|
||
) in comparison to other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D32FFE37D6228AAFF736693FF5D" box="[700,936,189,215]" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Leptogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EAA3FFE37D6228AAFF736670FF5C" box="[700,843,189,214]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Leptogorgia</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the SAB. The prominent, conical polyp mounds are biserial along the sides of the branch, sometimes alternating, with the apertures separated by approximately
|
||
<quantity id="4CF99B54FFE37D622B5FFEC664AAFEA8" box="[329,401,264,290]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
|
||
. The preserved colonies examined for this work are pale orange or pale pink with dark pink polyp mounds with yellow apertures. A band of dark pink tissue, giving the appearance of a pink lateral stripe, connects the polyp mounds. The inner coenenchyme immediately adjacent to the axis is dark pink. The coenenchyme contains elongate (up to 0.15 mm) warty spindles, asymmetrical disk spindles, and flat, serrate anthocodial rods that approach the length of the longest spindles. It appears as though this species may exist unattached as some specimens have growing tips on both ends. One fragment examined had a very small branchlet on which the polyps were separated by
|
||
<quantity id="4CF99B54FFE37D6228CCFE266625FD88" box="[730,798,488,514]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
|
||
or more.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE36B1FFE37D622AD3FDC36730FDC6" blockId="45.[151,1436,151,588]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EAA3FFE37D622AD3FDC364E8FDAD" bold="true" box="[197,467,525,551]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Atlantic distribution:</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C5F853FFE37D622BCAFDC367A9FDAD" box="[476,658,525,551]" country="United States of America" name="South Carolina" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">South Carolina</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Gulf of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C5F853FFE37D6228E8FDC36663FDAD" box="[766,856,525,551]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Mexico</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C5F853FFE37D62297FFDC366FEFDAD" box="[873,965,525,551]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||
),
|
||
<quantity id="4CF99B54FFE37D6229CCFDC36178FDAD" box="[986,1091,525,551]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.3" metricValueMax="9.1" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="m" value="53.0" valueMax="91.0" valueMin="15.0">15–91 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF904B40FFE37D622E42FDC361D2FDAD" author="Bayer, F. M." box="[1108,1257,525,551]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="6" refId="ref24411" refString="Bayer, F. M. (1952) New western Atlantic records of octocorals (Coelenterata: Anthozoa), with descriptions of three new species. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 42 (6), 183 - 180." type="journal article" year="1952">Bayer, 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF904B40FFE37D622EE0FDC3600FFDAD" author="Bayer, F. M." box="[1270,1332,525,551]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="1 - 373" refId="ref24655" refString="Bayer, F. M. (1961) The shallow-water Octocorallia of the West Indian region. A manual for marine biologists. Studies on the Fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands, 12, 1 - 373." type="journal article" year="1961">1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; NMNH collections; SERTC collection).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |