548 lines
82 KiB
XML
548 lines
82 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="DB19481A30B9C3F6701E3C13F8783F29">A taxonomy of iguanodontians (Dinosauria: Ornithopoda) from the lower Wealden Group (Cretaceous: Valanginian) of southern England</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="74565972DBA99B79FF3B0162C99E7D35">Norman, David B.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03A887984229FFF1FF3CF9C9DCFC86A9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6199895" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119387215" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6199895" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A887984229FFF1FF3CF9C9DCFC86A9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A887984229FFF1FF3CF9C9DCFC86A9" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">
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<taxonomicName id="4C014D0D4229FFFAFF3CF9C9DD09804A" authority="Lydekker, 1888" authorityName="Lydekker" authorityYear="1888" box="[151,584,1541,1567]" class="Reptilia" family="Iguanodontidae" genus="Barilium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dawsoni" status="comb. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B975EA9C4229FFFAFF3CF9C9DE2F804A" bold="true" box="[151,366,1541,1567]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">Barilium dawsoni</emphasis>
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(Lydekker, 1888)
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<paragraph id="8BBE368E4229FFFAFF3CF9E4DFBD8017" blockId="3.[151,726,1541,1602]" box="[151,252,1576,1602]" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">
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<figureCitation id="133A2A0B4229FFFAFF3CF9E4DFBD8017" box="[151,252,1576,1602]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 3" captionStart-1="FIGURE 4" captionStartId-0="4.[151,255,1884,1908]" captionStartId-1="5.[151,254,1937,1961]" captionTargetBox-0="[195,1358,381,1822]" captionTargetBox-1="[245,1335,1075,1911]" captionTargetId-0="figure@4.[151,1436,341,1858]" captionTargetId-1="figure@5.[218,1369,1037,1914]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionText-0="FIGURE 3. Barilium dawsoni (Lydekker, 1888) comb. nov. NHMUK R 802, holotype ilium in lateral (A), dorsal (B), and medial (C) views. Abbreviations: acet – acetabulum; ip – ischial peduncle; pp – pubic peduncle; prp – preacetabular process; srf – sacral rib facet; srs – posterior sacral rib scar. Broken surfaces indicated by cross-hatching." captionText-1="FIGURE 4. Barilium dawsoni (Lydekker, 1888) comb. nov. Some further examples of the holotype partial skeleton. A. Middle dorsal vertebra, NHMUK R 798. B. Posterior dorsal vertebra, NHMUK R 805. C, D. Proximal caudal vertebra, NHMUK R 805 (in lateral and anterior views respectively). Broken surfaces indicated by cross-hatching." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/195574/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/195575/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">Figs 3–4</figureCitation>
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<paragraph id="8BBE368E4229FFFAFF3CF9BEDEC780DC" blockId="3.[151,960,1650,1993]" box="[151,390,1650,1673]" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">Nomenclatural history</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C31B65054229FFFAFF3CF95EDD2C809C" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BBE368E4229FFFAFF3CF95EDD1380FC" blockId="3.[151,960,1650,1993]" box="[151,594,1682,1705]" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">
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<emphasis id="B975EA9C4229FFFAFF3CF95EDE2B80FC" box="[151,362,1682,1705]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">Iguanodon dawsoni</emphasis>
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: 51
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<paragraph id="8BBE368E4229FFFAFF3CF97EDD2C809C" blockId="3.[151,960,1650,1993]" box="[151,621,1714,1737]" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">
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<emphasis id="B975EA9C4229FFFAFF3CF97EDE2B809C" box="[151,362,1714,1737]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">Iguanodon dawsoni</emphasis>
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[
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].
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<paragraph id="8BBE368E4229FFFAFF3CF91EDD1F80BC" blockId="3.[151,960,1650,1993]" box="[151,606,1746,1769]" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">
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<emphasis id="B975EA9C4229FFFAFF3CF91EDE2B80BC" box="[151,362,1746,1769]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">Iguanodon dawsoni</emphasis>
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[
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<treatmentCitation id="0AA0109F4229FFFAFEDDF91EDD1280BC" author="Lydekker" box="[374,595,1746,1769]" page="38" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" year="1890">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF904B7F4229FFFAFEDDF91EDD1280BC" author="Lydekker" box="[374,595,1746,1769]" pageId="3" pageNumber="65" refString="Lydekker, R. (1890 a) Contributions to our knowledge of the dinosaurs of the Wealden and the sauropterygians of the Purbeck and Oxford Clay. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 46, 36 - 53." type="journal article" year="1890" yearSuffix="a">Lydekker 1890a: 38</bibRefCitation>
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].
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<paragraph id="8BBE368E4229FFFAFF3CF93EDD2C815C" blockId="3.[151,960,1650,1993]" box="[151,621,1778,1801]" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">
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<taxonomicName id="4C014D0D4229FFFAFF3CF93EDE2B815C" box="[151,362,1778,1801]" class="Reptilia" family="Iguanodontidae" genus="Iguanodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dawsoni">
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<emphasis id="B975EA9C4229FFFAFF3CF93EDE2B815C" box="[151,362,1778,1801]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">Iguanodon dawsoni</emphasis>
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[
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<treatmentCitation id="0AA0109F4229FFFAFEDDF93EDD23815C" author="Lydekker" box="[374,610,1778,1801]" page="259" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" year="1890">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF904B7F4229FFFAFEDDF93EDD23815C" author="Lydekker" box="[374,610,1778,1801]" pageId="3" pageNumber="65" refString="Lydekker, R. (1890 b) Catalogue of the fossil Reptilia and Amphibia in the British Museum (Natural History). Pt IV. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London." type="book" year="1890" yearSuffix="b">Lydekker 1890b: 259</bibRefCitation>
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].
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<emphasis id="B975EA9C4229FFFAFF3CF8DEDE2B817C" box="[151,362,1810,1833]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">Iguanodon dawsoni</emphasis>
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Lydekker, 1888
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</taxonomicName>
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[
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<emphasis id="B975EA9C4229FFFAFD8DF8DEDD7A817C" box="[550,571,1810,1833]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">in</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AA0109F4229FFFAFDE9F8DEDD9C817C" author="Steel" box="[578,733,1810,1833]" page="18" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" year="1969">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF904B7F4229FFFAFDE9F8DEDDF7817C" author="Steel" box="[578,694,1810,1833]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" refString="Steel, R. (1969) Ornithischia. Handbuch der Palaoherpetologie, 15, 1 - 84." type="journal article" year="1969">Steel 1969</bibRefCitation>
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: 18
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</treatmentCitation>
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]
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<taxonomicName id="4C014D0D4229FFFAFF3CF8FEDD57811C" authority="Lydekker, 1888" authorityName="Lydekker" authorityYear="1888" box="[151,534,1842,1865]" class="Reptilia" family="Iguanodontidae" genus="Iguanodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dawsoni">
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<emphasis id="B975EA9C4229FFFAFF3CF8FEDE2B811C" box="[151,362,1842,1865]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">Iguanodon dawsoni</emphasis>
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Lydekker, 1888
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</taxonomicName>
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[
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<emphasis id="B975EA9C4229FFFAFD8DF8FEDD7A811C" box="[550,571,1842,1865]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">in</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AA0109F4229FFFAFDE9F8FEDC51811C" author="Norman" box="[578,784,1842,1865]" page="168" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" year="1987">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF904B7F4229FFFAFDE9F8FEDD98811C" author="Norman" box="[578,729,1842,1865]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" refString="Norman, D. B. (1987) Wealden dinosaur biostratigraphy. In: Currie, P. J. & Koster, E. H. (Eds.), Fourth Symposium on Mesozoic Terrestrial Ecosystems, short papers. Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology, Drumheller, pp. 161 - 166." type="book chapter" year="1987">Norman 1987</bibRefCitation>
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: 168
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</treatmentCitation>
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].
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<taxonomicName id="4C014D0D4229FFFAFF3CF89EDD57813C" authority="Lydekker, 1888" authorityName="Lydekker" authorityYear="1888" box="[151,534,1874,1897]" class="Reptilia" family="Iguanodontidae" genus="Iguanodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dawsoni">
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<emphasis id="B975EA9C4229FFFAFF3CF89EDE2B813C" box="[151,362,1874,1897]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">Iguanodon dawsoni</emphasis>
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Lydekker, 1888
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</taxonomicName>
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[
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<emphasis id="B975EA9C4229FFFAFD8DF89EDD7A813C" box="[550,571,1874,1897]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">in</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AA0109F4229FFFAFDE9F89EDCF4813C" author="Norman" box="[578,949,1874,1897]" page="530" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" year="1990">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF904B7F4229FFFAFDE9F89EDC3F813C" author="Norman" box="[578,894,1874,1897]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" refString="Norman, D. B. & Weishampel, D. B. (1990) Iguanodontidae and related Ornithopoda. In: Weishampel, D. B., Dodson, P. & Osmolska, H. (Eds.), The Dinosauria (first edition). University of California Press, Berkeley, p. 510 - 533." type="book chapter" year="1990">Norman & Weishampel 1990</bibRefCitation>
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: 530
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</treatmentCitation>
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].
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<taxonomicName id="4C014D0D4229FFFAFF3CF8BEDD5781DC" authority="Lydekker, 1888" authorityName="Lydekker" authorityYear="1888" box="[151,534,1906,1929]" class="Reptilia" family="Iguanodontidae" genus="Iguanodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dawsoni">
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<emphasis id="B975EA9C4229FFFAFF3CF8BEDE2B81DC" box="[151,362,1906,1929]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">Iguanodon dawsoni</emphasis>
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Lydekker, 1888
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</taxonomicName>
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[
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<emphasis id="B975EA9C4229FFFAFD8DF8BEDD7A81DC" box="[550,571,1906,1929]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">in</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AA0109F4229FFFAFDE9F8BEDDAE81DC" author="Blows" box="[578,751,1906,1929]" page="31" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" year="1998">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF904B7F4229FFFAFDE9F8BEDD8481DC" author="Blows" box="[578,709,1906,1929]" pageId="3" pageNumber="65" refString="Blows, W. T. (1998) A review of Lower and Middle Cretaceous dinosaurs of England. In: Lucas, S. G., Kirkland, J. I. & Estep, J. W. (Eds.), Lower and Middle Cretaceous Terrestrial Ecosystems. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, Albuquerque, pp. 29 - 38." type="book chapter" year="1998">Blows 1998</bibRefCitation>
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: 31
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</treatmentCitation>
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].
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D0D4229FFFAFF3CF85EDD5781FC" authority="Lydekker, 1888" authorityName="Lydekker" authorityYear="1888" box="[151,534,1938,1961]" class="Reptilia" family="Iguanodontidae" genus="Iguanodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dawsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C4229FFFAFF3CF85EDE2B81FC" box="[151,362,1938,1961]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">Iguanodon dawsoni</emphasis>
|
||
Lydekker, 1888
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C4229FFFAFD8DF85EDD7A81FC" box="[550,571,1938,1961]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">in</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AA0109F4229FFFAFDE9F85EDC5081FC" author="Norman" box="[578,785,1938,1961]" page="416" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" year="2004">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF904B7F4229FFFAFDE9F85EDD9881FC" author="Norman" box="[578,729,1938,1961]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" refString="Norman, D. B. (2004) Basal Iguanodontia. In: Weishampel, D. B., Dodson, P. & Osmolska, H (Eds.), The Dinosauria (second edition). University of California, Berkeley, pp. 413 - 437." type="book chapter" year="2004">Norman 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 416
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
].
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D0D4229FFFAFF3CF87EDD57819C" authority="Lydekker, 1888" authorityName="Lydekker" authorityYear="1888" box="[151,534,1970,1993]" class="Reptilia" family="Iguanodontidae" genus="Iguanodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dawsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C4229FFFAFF3CF87EDE2B819C" box="[151,362,1970,1993]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">Iguanodon dawsoni</emphasis>
|
||
Lydekker, 1888
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C4229FFFAFD8DF87EDD7A819C" box="[550,571,1970,1993]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">in</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AA0109F4229FFFAFDE9F87EDDBE819C" author="Galton" box="[578,767,1970,1993]" page="245" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" year="2009">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF904B7F4229FFFAFDE9F87EDD8B819C" author="Galton" box="[578,714,1970,1993]" pageId="3" pageNumber="65" refString="Galton, P. M. (2009) Notes on Neocomian (Lower Creteceous) ornithopod dinosaurs from England - Hypsilophodon, Valdosaurus, " Camptosaurus ", " Iguanodon " - and referred specimens from Romania and elsewhere. Revue de Paleobiologie, Geneve, 28, 211 - 273." type="journal article" year="2009">Galton 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 245
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
]
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31B6505422EFFFCFF3CFF5BDB188682" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE368E422EFFFDFF3CFF5BDD8F86A9" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,327]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C422EFFFDFF3CFF5BDE5486E4" bold="true" box="[151,277,151,177]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BA882C422EFFFDFF3CFF5BDE5086E4" box="[151,273,151,177]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED10AE4B422EFFFDFEB5FF54DED186E7" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" box="[286,400,152,178]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
R798, R798b, R799, R800–R806, R4771, R4742 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133A2A0B422EFFFDFBA2FF54DB1B86E7" box="[1033,1114,152,178]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1884,1908]" captionTargetBox="[195,1358,381,1822]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,341,1858]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Barilium dawsoni (Lydekker, 1888) comb. nov. NHMUK R 802, holotype ilium in lateral (A), dorsal (B), and medial (C) views. Abbreviations: acet – acetabulum; ip – ischial peduncle; pp – pubic peduncle; prp – preacetabular process; srf – sacral rib facet; srs – posterior sacral rib scar. Broken surfaces indicated by cross-hatching." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195574/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">Figs 3</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="133A2A0B422EFFFDFBC2FF54DB3D86E7" box="[1129,1148,152,178]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,254,1937,1961]" captionTargetBox="[245,1335,1075,1911]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[218,1369,1037,1914]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Barilium dawsoni (Lydekker, 1888) comb. nov. Some further examples of the holotype partial skeleton. A. Middle dorsal vertebra, NHMUK R 798. B. Posterior dorsal vertebra, NHMUK R 805. C, D. Proximal caudal vertebra, NHMUK R 805 (in lateral and anterior views respectively). Broken surfaces indicated by cross-hatching." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195575/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">4</figureCitation>
|
||
: illustrative examples). Despite the variety of registered numbers, all refer to a single partial skeleton collected from one quarry in the village of Shornden, near Hastings, East Sussex.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE368E422EFFFDFF6DFECBDEFC8712" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,327]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C422EFFFDFF6DFECBDEF08774" bold="true" box="[198,433,263,289]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">Referred material.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED10AE4B422EFFFDFE11FEC4DD688777" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" box="[442,553,264,290]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
R4746, R3788, R2848, R3789, and further specimens to be described by Norman (in preparation).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF7E6606422EFFFDFF3CF890DBB581E1" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195574/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" targetBox="[195,1358,381,1822]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE368E422EFFFDFF3CF890DBB581E1" blockId="4.[151,1436,1884,1972]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C422EFFFDFF3CF890DE5D8121" bold="true" box="[151,284,1884,1908]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D0D422EFFFDFE89F890DDE68126" authority="Lydekker, 1888" authorityName="Lydekker" authorityYear="1888" box="[290,679,1884,1907]" class="Reptilia" family="Iguanodontidae" genus="Barilium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dawsoni" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C422EFFFDFE89F890DEA58126" box="[290,484,1884,1907]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">Barilium dawsoni</emphasis>
|
||
(Lydekker, 1888)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24657E7422EFFFDFD04F890DC668126" box="[687,807,1884,1907]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
NHMUK R802, holotype ilium in lateral (A), dorsal (B), and medial (C) views. Abbreviations: acet – acetabulum; ip – ischial peduncle; pp – pubic peduncle; prp – preacetabular process; srf – sacral rib facet; srs – posterior sacral rib scar. Broken surfaces indicated by cross-hatching.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE368E422FFFFCFF6DFF5BDB188682" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,999]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C422FFFFCFF6DFF5BDE9486E4" bold="true" box="[198,469,151,177]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">Locality and horizon.</emphasis>
|
||
Collected from exposures of the Hastings Sub-Group, Wadhurst Clay Formation (Valanginian), in a series of quarries in the Hastings area of East Sussex,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F316761E422FFFFCFC44FF71DB148682" box="[1007,1109,189,215]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">England</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31B6505422FFFFFFF6DFF2EDD9D84E9" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE368E422FFFFCFF6DFF2EDB958712" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,999]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C422FFFFCFF6DFF2EDDBA86A9" bold="true" box="[198,763,226,252]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">
|
||
Revised diagnosis based on the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BA882C422FFFFCFD22FF2EDDB786A9" box="[649,758,226,252]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Iguanodontian with the following unique character combination (* indicates autapomorphies - all other characters are apomorphic within basal iguanodontians even if they occur sporadically within ornithopods more generally), summarised by element:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE368E422FFFFCFF6DFE9EDD678507" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,999]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">
|
||
Ilium (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133A2A0B422FFFFCFEB7FE9EDE2B8739" box="[284,362,338,364]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1884,1908]" captionTargetBox="[195,1358,381,1822]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,341,1858]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Barilium dawsoni (Lydekker, 1888) comb. nov. NHMUK R 802, holotype ilium in lateral (A), dorsal (B), and medial (C) views. Abbreviations: acet – acetabulum; ip – ischial peduncle; pp – pubic peduncle; prp – preacetabular process; srf – sacral rib facet; srs – posterior sacral rib scar. Broken surfaces indicated by cross-hatching." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195574/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
): preacetabular process (prp) with a prominent medial flange that arises from a large sacrodorsal rib/transverse process facet near the base of the process; rim of the sacrodorsal rib facet (srf) is visible, in lateral view, in the upper part of the recess between the preacetabular process and the pubic peduncle (pp)*;lateral surface of the preacetabular process twists axially to face dorsally toward its anterior end*; the principal body of the iliac blade is flat and stands vertically (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133A2A0B422FFFFCFC47FE24DB758457" box="[1004,1076,488,514]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1884,1908]" captionTargetBox="[195,1358,381,1822]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,341,1858]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Barilium dawsoni (Lydekker, 1888) comb. nov. NHMUK R 802, holotype ilium in lateral (A), dorsal (B), and medial (C) views. Abbreviations: acet – acetabulum; ip – ischial peduncle; pp – pubic peduncle; prp – preacetabular process; srf – sacral rib facet; srs – posterior sacral rib scar. Broken surfaces indicated by cross-hatching." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195574/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
B); in profile the entire dorsal margin of the iliac blade is gently convex; the dorsal edge of the acetabular blade is flattened and transversely thick* (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133A2A0B422FFFFCFF5AFDFEDE768419" box="[241,311,562,588]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1884,1908]" captionTargetBox="[195,1358,381,1822]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,341,1858]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Barilium dawsoni (Lydekker, 1888) comb. nov. NHMUK R 802, holotype ilium in lateral (A), dorsal (B), and medial (C) views. Abbreviations: acet – acetabulum; ip – ischial peduncle; pp – pubic peduncle; prp – preacetabular process; srf – sacral rib facet; srs – posterior sacral rib scar. Broken surfaces indicated by cross-hatching." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195574/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
B); a minor indent occurs along the posterodorsal margin of the postacetabular blade, shows no accompanying lateral expansion of the blade; postacetabular portion of the iliac blade is bluntly truncated and its lower half curves gently medially; very restricted brevis shelf (fossa) that is not bounded by a prominent lateral ridge*; the ventral border of the postacetabular blade lies horizontally and at the same level as the ischial peduncle (ip)*; the medial surface of the ilium is prominently scarred across its ventral half where it anchors the sacral yoke but, uniquely, bears yoke scars low down along the ventral margin of the postacetabular blade* (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133A2A0B422FFFFCFE0CFCDEDEAC8579" box="[423,493,786,812]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1884,1908]" captionTargetBox="[195,1358,381,1822]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,341,1858]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Barilium dawsoni (Lydekker, 1888) comb. nov. NHMUK R 802, holotype ilium in lateral (A), dorsal (B), and medial (C) views. Abbreviations: acet – acetabulum; ip – ischial peduncle; pp – pubic peduncle; prp – preacetabular process; srf – sacral rib facet; srs – posterior sacral rib scar. Broken surfaces indicated by cross-hatching." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195574/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
C, srs); acetabulum is extremely large, forming a exceptionally broad, laterallyoriented, cup-shaped depression*.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE368E422FFFFCFF6DFC91DEE485B2" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,999]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">
|
||
Vertebrae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133A2A0B422FFFFCFEECFC91DECF8522" box="[327,398,861,887]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,254,1937,1961]" captionTargetBox="[245,1335,1075,1911]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[218,1369,1037,1914]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Barilium dawsoni (Lydekker, 1888) comb. nov. Some further examples of the holotype partial skeleton. A. Middle dorsal vertebra, NHMUK R 798. B. Posterior dorsal vertebra, NHMUK R 805. C, D. Proximal caudal vertebra, NHMUK R 805 (in lateral and anterior views respectively). Broken surfaces indicated by cross-hatching." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195575/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
A, B): posterior dorsal vertebrae have spool-shaped, cylindrical centra with thin everted articular margins and transversely rounded haemal surfaces*; proximal caudal vertebrae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133A2A0B422FFFFCFB7BFC4EDA5885C9" box="[1232,1305,898,924]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,254,1937,1961]" captionTargetBox="[245,1335,1075,1911]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[218,1369,1037,1914]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Barilium dawsoni (Lydekker, 1888) comb. nov. Some further examples of the holotype partial skeleton. A. Middle dorsal vertebra, NHMUK R 798. B. Posterior dorsal vertebra, NHMUK R 805. C, D. Proximal caudal vertebra, NHMUK R 805 (in lateral and anterior views respectively). Broken surfaces indicated by cross-hatching." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195575/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
C, D) have broad, dorsoventrally compressed centra* (subrectangular in anterior view:
|
||
<figureCitation id="133A2A0B422FFFFCFBBCFC64DB1F8597" box="[1047,1118,936,962]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,254,1937,1961]" captionTargetBox="[245,1335,1075,1911]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[218,1369,1037,1914]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Barilium dawsoni (Lydekker, 1888) comb. nov. Some further examples of the holotype partial skeleton. A. Middle dorsal vertebra, NHMUK R 798. B. Posterior dorsal vertebra, NHMUK R 805. C, D. Proximal caudal vertebra, NHMUK R 805 (in lateral and anterior views respectively). Broken surfaces indicated by cross-hatching." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195575/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
D); distal caudal centra are deeply amphicoelous*.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF7E6606422FFFFCFF3CF85DDBB281BC" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195575/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" targetBox="[245,1335,1075,1911]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE368E422FFFFCFF3CF85DDBB281BC" blockId="5.[151,1436,1937,2025]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C422FFFFCFF3CF85DDE5881FC" bold="true" box="[151,281,1937,1961]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D0D422FFFFCFE8AF85EDDE181FC" authority="Lydekker, 1888" authorityName="Lydekker" authorityYear="1888" box="[289,672,1938,1961]" class="Reptilia" family="Iguanodontidae" genus="Barilium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dawsoni" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C422FFFFCFE8AF85EDEA181FC" box="[289,480,1938,1961]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">Barilium dawsoni</emphasis>
|
||
(Lydekker, 1888)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24657E7422FFFFCFD0CF85EDC5F81FC" box="[679,798,1938,1961]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Some further examples of the holotype partial skeleton. A. Middle dorsal vertebra, NHMUK R798. B. Posterior dorsal vertebra, NHMUK R805. C, D. Proximal caudal vertebra, NHMUK R805 (in lateral and anterior views respectively). Broken surfaces indicated by cross-hatching.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE368E422CFFFFFF6DFF5BDD428739" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2007]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C422CFFFFFF6DFF5BDC7A86E4" bold="true" box="[198,827,151,177]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Comparisons with closely-related iguanodontians.</emphasis>
|
||
This taxon appears (to date) to be restricted to the Valanginian stage and is representative of a massive (estimated body length of more than 8 metres) and extremely robust iguanodontian ornithopod. Comparisons will be drawn with the earlier (Kimmeridgian– Berriasian) camptosaur-grade iguanodontians, the exactly contemporary taxon
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D0D422CFFFFFBE1FEC4DA258774" box="[1098,1380,264,289]" class="Reptilia" genus="Hypselospinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dawsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C422CFFFFFBE1FEC4DA258774" box="[1098,1380,264,289]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Hypselospinus dawsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see below), and the younger (Hauterivian–Lower Aptian) and geographically local
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D0D422CFFFFFB9FFEE1DA2A8713" box="[1076,1387,301,326]" class="Reptilia" family="Iguanodontidae" genus="Iguanodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bernissartensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C422CFFFFFB9FFEE1DA2A8713" box="[1076,1387,301,326]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Iguanodon bernissartensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D0D422CFFFFFF3CFE9EDEBA873E" box="[151,507,338,363]" class="Reptilia" family="Iguanodontidae" genus="Mantellisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atherfieldensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C422CFFFFFF3CFE9EDEBA873E" box="[151,507,338,363]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Mantellisaurus atherfieldensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE368E422CFFFFFF3CFEB4DEDF8427" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2007]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">
|
||
Camptosaurs. The massive iliac blade of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D0D422CFFFFFDD0FEB4DC0C87C4" box="[635,845,376,401]" class="Reptilia" family="Iguanodontidae" genus="Barilium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dawsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C422CFFFFFDD0FEB4DC0C87C4" box="[635,845,376,401]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Barilium dawsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with its smoothly curved dorsal margin, lack of a lateral eversion on its dorsal edge posterodorsal to the ischial peduncle, the massive dorsally twisted preacetabular process, deep postacetabular blade, modest brevis shelf (fossa) and no appreciable development of a lateral ridge that bounds the brevis shelf, contrasts strikingly with the form of the ilium in all known camptosaurs (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF904B7F422CFFFFFEEBFDC1DEAE8472" author="Gilmore" box="[320,495,525,551]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" refString="Gilmore, C. W. (1909) Osteology of the Jurassic reptile Camptosaurus, with a revision of the species of the genus and a description of two new species. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 36, 197 - 332." type="journal article" year="1909">Gilmore 1909</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF904B7F422CFFFFFE57FDC1DD7D8472" author="Gilmore" box="[508,572,525,551]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" refString="Gilmore, C. W. (1925) Osteology of ornithopodous dinosaurs from the Dinosaur National Monument, Utah. Part I. On a skeleton of Camptosaurus medius. Part II. On a skeleton of Dryosaurus altus Marsh. Part III. On the skeleton of Laosaurus gracilis Marsh. Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum, X, 385 - 409." type="book chapter" year="1925">1925</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF904B7F422CFFFFFDE1FDC1DCCA8472" author="Carpenter" box="[586,907,525,551]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" refString="Carpenter, K. & Wilson, Y. (2008) A new species of Camptosaurus (Ornithopoda: Dinosauria) from the Morrison Formation (Upper Jurassic) of Dinosaur National Monument, Utah, and a biomechanical analysis of its forelimb. Annals of the Carnegie Museum, 76, 227 - 263." type="journal article" year="2008">Carpenter & Wilson 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The forms and proportions of the known posterior dorsal and anterior caudal vertebrae also contrast strongly with those seen in all known camptosaurs (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF904B7F422CFFFFFF34FD94DE068427" author="Gilmore" box="[159,327,600,626]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" refString="Gilmore, C. W. (1909) Osteology of the Jurassic reptile Camptosaurus, with a revision of the species of the genus and a description of two new species. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 36, 197 - 332." type="journal article" year="1909">Gilmore 1909</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF904B7F422CFFFFFEF8FD94DED38427" author="Gilmore" box="[339,402,600,626]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" refString="Gilmore, C. W. (1925) Osteology of ornithopodous dinosaurs from the Dinosaur National Monument, Utah. Part I. On a skeleton of Camptosaurus medius. Part II. On a skeleton of Dryosaurus altus Marsh. Part III. On the skeleton of Laosaurus gracilis Marsh. Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum, X, 385 - 409." type="book chapter" year="1925">1925</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE368E422CFFFFFF6EFDB1DD9D84E9" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2007]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D0D422CFFFFFF6EFDB1DEFC84C3" box="[197,445,637,662]" class="Reptilia" genus="Hypselospinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fittoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C422CFFFFFF6EFDB1DEFC84C3" box="[197,445,637,662]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Hypselospinus fittoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The shape and proportions of the ilium are completely distinct (compare
|
||
<figureCitation id="133A2A0B422CFFFFFA8FFDB1DA2F84C2" box="[1316,1390,637,663]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1884,1908]" captionTargetBox="[195,1358,381,1822]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,341,1858]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Barilium dawsoni (Lydekker, 1888) comb. nov. NHMUK R 802, holotype ilium in lateral (A), dorsal (B), and medial (C) views. Abbreviations: acet – acetabulum; ip – ischial peduncle; pp – pubic peduncle; prp – preacetabular process; srf – sacral rib facet; srs – posterior sacral rib scar. Broken surfaces indicated by cross-hatching." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195574/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Figs 3</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="133A2A0B422CFFFFFAD7FDB1DACD84C2" box="[1404,1420,637,663]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,255,1677,1701]" captionTargetBox="[344,1253,190,1625]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[308,1280,166,1653]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Hypselospinus fittoni (Lydekker, 1889) comb. nov. NHMUK R 1635, holotype ilium. A. Lateral view. B. Posterior view to show the inflected shelf, lateral ridge and brevis fossa. C. Medial view showing the form of the sacral rib scars. D. Dorsal view showing the transversely narrow dorsal margin of the ilium compared with that of B. dawsoni (Fig. 3 B). The mediodorsal edge of the ilium shows an abscess-like excavation that may be pathological in origin. Even though the dorsal margin is eroded laterally posterior to the ischial peduncle (cross-hatched area) there is little indication of a laterally everted edge. Abbreviations: acet – acetabulum; brf – brevis fossa; lr – lateral ridge that bounds the brevis fossa; nde – narrow dorsal edge to the iliac blade; path? – probable pathological structure; prp – preacetabular process; srs – sacral rib scar on medial surface of iliac blade. Broken surfaces indicated by cross-hatching." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195576/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">5</figureCitation>
|
||
), and these differences are discussed further below.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31B6505422CFFFFFF6EFD04DE7B83A7" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE368E422CFFFFFF6EFD04DCCC82F7" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2007]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D0D422CFFFFFF6EFD04DD4384B4" box="[197,514,712,737]" class="Reptilia" family="Iguanodontidae" genus="Iguanodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bernissartensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C422CFFFFFF6EFD04DD4384B4" box="[197,514,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Iguanodon bernissartensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This taxon is perhaps the nearest in size and overall build to the new taxon proposed here, although
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D0D422CFFFFFE17FD21DDC88553" box="[444,649,749,774]" class="Reptilia" family="Iguanodontidae" genus="Iguanodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bernissartensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C422CFFFFFE17FD21DDC88553" box="[444,649,749,774]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">I. bernissartensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is from the Hauterivian–Lower Aptian and, has not (to date) been recognised in the Valanginian. The ilium of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D0D422CFFFFFD09FCDEDC2C857E" box="[674,877,786,811]" class="Reptilia" family="Iguanodontidae" genus="Iguanodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bernissartensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C422CFFFFFD09FCDEDC2C857E" box="[674,877,786,811]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">I. bernissartensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF904B7F422CFFFFFCD0FCDEDBEC8579" author="Norman" box="[891,1197,786,812]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" refString="Norman, D. B. (1980) On the ornithischian dinosaur Iguanodon bernissartensis from Belgium. Memoires de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, 178, 1 - 105." type="journal article" year="1980">Norman 1980: figs 63, 64</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) differs from that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D0D422CFFFFFF3CFCF4DE588504" box="[151,281,824,849]" class="Reptilia" family="Iguanodontidae" genus="Barilium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dawsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C422CFFFFFF3CFCF4DE588504" box="[151,281,824,849]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">B. dawsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the following ways: it has a stout preacetabular process, but it is not twisted dorsally towards its anterior tip and is more strongly bowed ventrally; the main iliac blade is more strongly convex and sinuous along its dorsal margin and also has a thickened, but rounded, dorsal edge which is everted laterally above and behind the ischial peduncle; the postacetabular blade is more elongate, tapers and has a pronounced brevis fossa. The centra of the posterior dorsals of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D0D422CFFFFFD31FC01DC2585B3" box="[666,868,973,998]" class="Reptilia" family="Iguanodontidae" genus="Iguanodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bernissartensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C422CFFFFFD31FC01DC2585B3" box="[666,868,973,998]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">I. bernissartensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are ventrally keeled (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF904B7F422CFFFFFBCBFC01DA2085B2" author="Norman" box="[1120,1377,973,999]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" refString="Norman, D. B. (1980) On the ornithischian dinosaur Iguanodon bernissartensis from Belgium. Memoires de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, 178, 1 - 105." type="journal article" year="1980">Norman 1980: fig. 38</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and show thickened, everted articular margins. Neural spines of dorsal vertebrae are similarly proportioned, being broad-bladed and moderately inclined, however their posterior edges only have a short median recess immediately above the neural platform in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D0D422CFFFFFD2BFBF1DC098203" box="[640,840,1085,1110]" class="Reptilia" family="Iguanodontidae" genus="Iguanodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bernissartensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C422CFFFFFD2BFBF1DC098203" box="[640,840,1085,1110]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">I. bernissartensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The anterior caudal vertebrae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D0D422CFFFFFB78FBF1DADA8203" box="[1235,1435,1085,1110]" class="Reptilia" family="Iguanodontidae" genus="Iguanodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bernissartensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C422CFFFFFB78FBF1DADA8203" box="[1235,1435,1085,1110]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">I. bernissartensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF904B7F422CFFFFFF35FBAEDEE18229" author="Norman" box="[158,416,1122,1148]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" refString="Norman, D. B. (1980) On the ornithischian dinosaur Iguanodon bernissartensis from Belgium. Memoires de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, 178, 1 - 105." type="journal article" year="1980">Norman 1980: fig. 49</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) do not exhibit the dorsoventrally compressed outline seen in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D0D422CFFFFFBDCFBAFDBB88229" box="[1143,1273,1123,1148]" class="Reptilia" family="Iguanodontidae" genus="Barilium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dawsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C422CFFFFFBDCFBAFDBB88229" box="[1143,1273,1123,1148]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">B. dawsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the distal caudals do not develop strongly amphicoelous articular surfaces.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE368E422CFFFFFF6EFB61DE7B83A7" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2007]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C422CFFFFFF6EFB61DD728293" box="[197,563,1197,1222]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D0D422CFFFFFF6EFB61DD6F8293" box="[197,558,1197,1222]" class="Reptilia" family="Iguanodontidae" genus="Mantellisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atherfieldensis">Mantellisaurus atherfieldensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
This comparatively gracile Hauterivian–Lower Aptian species bears little resemblance to the new taxon
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D0D422CFFFFFDA3FB1FDDCF82B9" box="[520,654,1235,1260]" class="Reptilia" family="Iguanodontidae" genus="Barilium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dawsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C422CFFFFFDA3FB1FDDCF82B9" box="[520,654,1235,1260]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">B. dawsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The ilium of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D0D422CFFFFFC95FB1FDB5982B9" box="[830,1048,1235,1260]" class="Reptilia" family="Iguanodontidae" genus="Mantellisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atherfieldensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C422CFFFFFC95FB1FDB5982B9" box="[830,1048,1235,1260]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">M. atherfieldensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF904B7F422CFFFFFB82FB1EDAD282B9" author="Norman" box="[1065,1427,1234,1260]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" refString="Norman, D. B. (1986) On the anatomy of Iguanodon atherfieldensis (Ornithischia: Ornithopoda). Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, 56, 281 - 372." type="journal article" year="1986">Norman 1986: figs 36, 53, 54</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) differs in almost all its structure and proportions to those described and illustrated in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D0D422CFFFFFB20FB34DA4E8344" box="[1163,1295,1272,1297]" class="Reptilia" family="Iguanodontidae" genus="Barilium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dawsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C422CFFFFFB20FB34DA4E8344" box="[1163,1295,1272,1297]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">B. dawsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The dorsal vertebrae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D0D422CFFFFFE87FAD1DD408363" box="[300,513,1309,1334]" class="Reptilia" family="Iguanodontidae" genus="Mantellisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atherfieldensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C422CFFFFFE87FAD1DD408363" box="[300,513,1309,1334]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">M. atherfieldensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have generally smaller, lower and more cylindrical centra, with a ventral keel and more strongly everted articular margins; the neural spines, though broad and blade-like, are more elevated (being at least 2.5 times higher than the height of the centrum, compared with a maximum of 2 times that ratio in the case of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D0D422CFFFFFEE3FA41DE9383F3" box="[328,466,1421,1446]" class="Reptilia" family="Iguanodontidae" genus="Barilium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dawsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C422CFFFFFEE3FA41DE9383F3" box="[328,466,1421,1446]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">B. dawsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The anterior caudal centra of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D0D422CFFFFFCCAFA41DB0583F3" box="[865,1092,1421,1446]" class="Reptilia" family="Iguanodontidae" genus="Mantellisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atherfieldensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C422CFFFFFCCAFA41DB0583F3" box="[865,1092,1421,1446]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">M. atherfieldensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
do not form dorsoventrally compressed (subrectangular) structures, and there are no strongly amphicoelous articular surfaces on distal caudal centra.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31B6505422CFFF1FF6EFA31DCFC86A9" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE368E422CFFFFFF6EFA31DE6F8037" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2007]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C422CFFFFFF6EFA31DEA58042" bold="true" box="[197,484,1533,1559]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Anatomical discussion.</emphasis>
|
||
Additional material from the Wadhurst Clay Formation of southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F316761E422CFFFFFAACFA31DA288042" box="[1287,1385,1533,1559]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">England</collectingCountry>
|
||
that is referable to this taxon expands upon what is presently known of the anatomy of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BA882C422CFFFFFB09F9EEDA4B8069" box="[1186,1290,1570,1596]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(Norman in preparation).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE368E422CFFFFFF6EF9A1DEDC8149" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2007]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">
|
||
Axial skeleton. The sacrum (NHMUK R3788, and additional material) comprises six fused vertebrae (including the sacrodorsal) and, even though closely opposed, the row of tall neural spines shows no evidence of fusion to form a sacral plate. Ossified tendons were arranged on either side of the sacral spines in a lattice as seen in camptosaurs (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF904B7F422CFFFFFE10F911DD2980A2" author="Gilmore" box="[443,616,1757,1783]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" refString="Gilmore, C. W. (1909) Osteology of the Jurassic reptile Camptosaurus, with a revision of the species of the genus and a description of two new species. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 36, 197 - 332." type="journal article" year="1909">Gilmore 1909</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF904B7F422CFFFFFDDEF911DDF580A2" author="Gilmore" box="[629,692,1757,1783]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" refString="Gilmore, C. W. (1925) Osteology of ornithopodous dinosaurs from the Dinosaur National Monument, Utah. Part I. On a skeleton of Camptosaurus medius. Part II. On a skeleton of Dryosaurus altus Marsh. Part III. On the skeleton of Laosaurus gracilis Marsh. Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum, X, 385 - 409." type="book chapter" year="1925">1925</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF904B7F422CFFFFFD6AF911DCB880A2" author="Carpenter" box="[705,1017,1757,1783]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" refString="Carpenter, K. & Wilson, Y. (2008) A new species of Camptosaurus (Ornithopoda: Dinosauria) from the Morrison Formation (Upper Jurassic) of Dinosaur National Monument, Utah, and a biomechanical analysis of its forelimb. Annals of the Carnegie Museum, 76, 227 - 263." type="journal article" year="2008">Carpenter & Wilson 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and more derived iguanodontians (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF904B7F422CFFFFFF35F8CEDE048149" author="Norman" box="[158,325,1794,1820]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" refString="Norman, D. B. (1980) On the ornithischian dinosaur Iguanodon bernissartensis from Belgium. Memoires de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, 178, 1 - 105." type="journal article" year="1980">Norman 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF904B7F422CFFFFFEFAF8CEDED18149" author="Norman" box="[337,400,1794,1820]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" refString="Norman, D. B. (1986) On the anatomy of Iguanodon atherfieldensis (Ornithischia: Ornithopoda). Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, 56, 281 - 372." type="journal article" year="1986">1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE368E422CFFFEFF6EF8E4DB338777" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2007]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1437,152,2001]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">
|
||
Pelvic structure. The anterior pubic process is blade-like (dorsoventrally expanded) and appears slightly upwardly curved, as well as having a transversely thickened dorsal edge and narrow ventral margin. The ischium has a J-shaped shaft, is very robust (with a well-developed, proximally placed, flap-shaped obturator process), and the distal end of the ischial shaft terminates in a large, anteriorly expanded, ‘foot’. The acetabulum is unusually large and open laterally. Apart from their considerably larger size, the shape and general proportions of the anterior pubic blade and ischium resemble those seen in camptosaur-grade taxa (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF904B7F422DFFFEFF34FF71DE9B8682" author="Carpenter" box="[159,474,189,215]" pageId="7" pageNumber="65" refString="Carpenter, K. & Wilson, Y. (2008) A new species of Camptosaurus (Ornithopoda: Dinosauria) from the Morrison Formation (Upper Jurassic) of Dinosaur National Monument, Utah, and a biomechanical analysis of its forelimb. Annals of the Carnegie Museum, 76, 227 - 263." type="journal article" year="2008">Carpenter & Wilson 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); however, the pubis (proper), judged by the incomplete preserved remains, was probably shorter than the shaft of the typical camptosaur ischium, and the lower pelvic bones probably more closely resembled those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D0D422DFFFEFE7DFEC4DDDE8774" box="[470,671,264,289]" class="Reptilia" family="Iguanodontidae" genus="Iguanodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bernissartensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C422DFFFEFE7DFEC4DDDE8774" box="[470,671,264,289]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">I. bernissartensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(as illustrated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF904B7F422DFFFEFCDAFEC4DB428777" author="Blows" box="[881,1027,264,290]" pageId="7" pageNumber="65" refString="Blows, W. T. (1998) A review of Lower and Middle Cretaceous dinosaurs of England. In: Lucas, S. G., Kirkland, J. I. & Estep, J. W. (Eds.), Lower and Middle Cretaceous Terrestrial Ecosystems. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, Albuquerque, pp. 29 - 38." type="book chapter" year="1998">Blows 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 3A).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE368E422DFFFEFF6EFEE1DAC88419" blockId="7.[151,1437,152,2001]" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">
|
||
Appendicular skeleton. A group of associated and similarly robust remains (NHMUK R2848) are referable to this taxon and include a scapula that is massive, yet the blade is notably constricted above the glenoid region, but expands toward its distal (suprascapular) edge (to a greater degree than seen in all examples of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D0D422DFFFEFE9BFE51DEBF87E3" box="[304,510,413,438]" class="Reptilia" family="Iguanodontidae" genus="Iguanodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bernissartensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C422DFFFEFE9BFE51DEBF87E3" box="[304,510,413,438]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">I. bernissartensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The coracoid bears a large, fully-enclosed coracoid foramen adjacent to the scapulocoracoid suture; by contrast, this foramen forms a notch on the scapulocoracoid in the similarly massively built
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D0D422DFFFEFEF2FE2BDD6A8455" box="[345,555,487,512]" class="Reptilia" family="Iguanodontidae" genus="Iguanodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bernissartensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C422DFFFEFEF2FE2BDD6A8455" box="[345,555,487,512]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">I. bernissartensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF904B7F422DFFFEFD90FE2BDC0B8454" author="Norman" box="[571,842,487,513]" pageId="7" pageNumber="65" refString="Norman, D. B. (1980) On the ornithischian dinosaur Iguanodon bernissartensis from Belgium. Memoires de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, 178, 1 - 105." type="journal article" year="1980">Norman 1980: fig. 53</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The femur is massive with a particularly large, spherical head and very prominent and thick anterior trochanter, the femoral shaft is curved and angular-sided, and the fourth trochanter is also large and ‘crested’ with a slightly pendant tip as seen in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D0D422DFFFEFB0EFDFEDA4E841E" box="[1189,1295,562,587]" class="Reptilia" genus="Hypselospinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fittoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C422DFFFEFB0EFDFEDA4E841E" box="[1189,1295,562,587]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">H. fittoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="133A2A0B422DFFFEFAB4FDFEDA278419" box="[1311,1382,562,588]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[151,255,1587,1611]" captionTargetBox="[449,1135,624,1554]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[436,1150,607,1563]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7. Hypselospinus fittoni (Lydekker, 1889) comb. nov. NHMUK R 1148, referred specimen. The right femur, illustrated as part of the holotype of Iguanodon hollingtoniensis Lydekker, 1889. A. Anterior view. B. Anteromedial view. Abbreviations: aig – anterior intercondylar groove almost occluded by shoulders developed from the distal articular condyles; at – anterior trochanter; 4 t – fourth trochanter and associated muscles scars associated with the caudifemoral complex. Broken surfaces are indicated by cross-hatching." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195578/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
B).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE368E422DFFFEFF6EFD9BDC418520" blockId="7.[151,1437,152,2001]" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">
|
||
The Henfield Skull. A large, poorly preserved, skull block (NHMUK R8306) was recovered from a locality at Henfield by Stuart Baldwin and attributed to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D0D422DFFFEFC93FDB0DB4684C0" box="[824,1031,636,661]" class="Reptilia" family="Iguanodontidae" genus="Iguanodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bernissartensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C422DFFFEFC93FDB0DB4684C0" box="[824,1031,636,661]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">I. bernissartensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF904B7F422DFFFEFBB3FDB0DB8384C3" author="Norman" box="[1048,1218,636,662]" pageId="7" pageNumber="65" refString="Norman, D. B. (1977) On the anatomy of the ornithischian dinosaur Iguanodon. Unpublished PhD thesis, King's College London, 631 pp." type="book" year="1977">Norman 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF904B7F422DFFFEFB64FDB0DA4F84C3" author="Norman" box="[1231,1294,636,662]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" refString="Norman, D. B. (2004) Basal Iguanodontia. In: Weishampel, D. B., Dodson, P. & Osmolska, H (Eds.), The Dinosauria (second edition). University of California, Berkeley, pp. 413 - 437." type="book chapter" year="2004">2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF904B7F422DFFFEFAB0FDB0DE3884EE" author="Norman" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" refString="Norman, D. B. & Weishampel, D. B. (1990) Iguanodontidae and related Ornithopoda. In: Weishampel, D. B., Dodson, P. & Osmolska, H. (Eds.), The Dinosauria (first edition). University of California Press, Berkeley, p. 510 - 533." type="book chapter" year="1990">Norman & Weishampel 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), primarily by reference to its large size and robust proportions, allied to the general suspicion that it was collected from the Weald Clay Formation (Barremian). The Hastings Sub-Group also crops out at Henfield and this specimen may prove ultimately to be Valanginian (Norman in preparation). Maxillary crowns and other components of the skull are preserved, along with a finely prepared endocast of the neurocranial cavity (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF904B7F422DFFFEFE16FCFADD298505" author="Norman" box="[445,616,822,848]" pageId="7" pageNumber="65" refString="Norman, D. B. (1977) On the anatomy of the ornithischian dinosaur Iguanodon. Unpublished PhD thesis, King's College London, 631 pp." type="book" year="1977">Norman 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF904B7F422DFFFEFDDDFCFADDF48505" author="Norman" box="[630,693,822,848]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" refString="Norman, D. B. (2004) Basal Iguanodontia. In: Weishampel, D. B., Dodson, P. & Osmolska, H (Eds.), The Dinosauria (second edition). University of California, Berkeley, pp. 413 - 437." type="book chapter" year="2004">2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF904B7F422DFFFEFD69FCFADB678505" author="Norman" box="[706,1062,822,848]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" refString="Norman, D. B. & Weishampel, D. B. (1990) Iguanodontidae and related Ornithopoda. In: Weishampel, D. B., Dodson, P. & Osmolska, H. (Eds.), The Dinosauria (first edition). University of California Press, Berkeley, p. 510 - 533." type="book chapter" year="1990">Norman & Weishampel 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and this may also prove to be attributable to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D0D422DFFFEFEE9FC97DEEB8521" box="[322,426,859,884]" class="Reptilia" family="Iguanodontidae" genus="Barilium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C422DFFFEFEE9FC97DEEB8521" box="[322,426,859,884]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">Barilium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. (Norman in preparation).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE368E422DFFFEFF6EFC4CDCCC82BC" blockId="7.[151,1437,152,2001]" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">
|
||
The Old Roar Quarry Specimen.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF904B7F422DFFFEFDFAFC4CDDB585CF" author="Blows" box="[593,756,896,922]" pageId="7" pageNumber="65" refString="Blows, W. T. (1998) A review of Lower and Middle Cretaceous dinosaurs of England. In: Lucas, S. G., Kirkland, J. I. & Estep, J. W. (Eds.), Lower and Middle Cretaceous Terrestrial Ecosystems. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, Albuquerque, pp. 29 - 38." type="book chapter" year="1998">Blows (1998)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
referred a partial articulated skeleton collected from Old Roar Quarry, near Hastings (NHMUK R3788) to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D0D422DFFFEFCA4FC6ADB4B85EA" box="[783,1034,934,959]" class="Reptilia" family="Iguanodontidae" genus="Iguanodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dawsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C422DFFFEFCA4FC6ADB4B85EA" box="[783,1034,934,959]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">Iguanodon dawsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(following
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF904B7F422DFFFEFB08FC69DA1785EA" author="Norman" box="[1187,1366,933,959]" pageId="7" pageNumber="65" refString="Norman, D. B. (1977) On the anatomy of the ornithischian dinosaur Iguanodon. Unpublished PhD thesis, King's College London, 631 pp." type="book" year="1977">Norman 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); this specimen comprises the posterior dorsal series, sacrum, both ilia and parts of the right pubis and ischium. The assignment appears to be correct, despite the unusual shape of the right ilium. A composite restoration that combined an outline of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BA882C422DFFFEFE73FBD9DD7F827A" box="[472,574,1045,1071]" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
ilium, the dorsal and sacral series of NHMUK R3788, and restored some unassociated lower pelvic bones, was provided by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF904B7F422DFFFEFD42FBF6DCAE8201" author="Blows" box="[745,1007,1082,1108]" pageId="7" pageNumber="65" refString="Blows, W. T. (1998) A review of Lower and Middle Cretaceous dinosaurs of England. In: Lucas, S. G., Kirkland, J. I. & Estep, J. W. (Eds.), Lower and Middle Cretaceous Terrestrial Ecosystems. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, Albuquerque, pp. 29 - 38." type="book chapter" year="1998">Blows (1998: fig. 3A)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The outline and general form of the right ilium of NHMUK R3788, which displays an unusually sinuous dorsal margin, reflects probable preburial desiccation and post-mortem distortion; this is clear not only from the extensively cracked and crazed appearance of its bone surface but, more crucially, from the form of the left ilium which is attached to the opposite side of the mounted specimen (Norman in preparation).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE368E422DFFFEFF6EFB38DE6F80A7" blockId="7.[151,1437,152,2001]" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C422DFFFEFF6EFB38DECB835B" bold="true" box="[197,394,1268,1294]" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">Interpretations.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF904B7F422DFFFEFE3AFB38DD7E835B" author="Norman" box="[401,575,1268,1294]" pageId="7" pageNumber="65" refString="Norman, D. B. (1977) On the anatomy of the ornithischian dinosaur Iguanodon. Unpublished PhD thesis, King's College London, 631 pp." type="book" year="1977">Norman (1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF904B7F422DFFFEFDE0FB38DDC6835B" author="Norman" box="[587,647,1268,1294]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" refString="Norman, D. B. (1987) Wealden dinosaur biostratigraphy. In: Currie, P. J. & Koster, E. H. (Eds.), Fourth Symposium on Mesozoic Terrestrial Ecosystems, short papers. Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology, Drumheller, pp. 161 - 166." type="book chapter" year="1987">1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) took an essentially pragmatic decision to retain this species within the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D0D422DFFFEFEA5FAD6DECC8366" box="[270,397,1306,1331]" class="Reptilia" family="Iguanodontidae" genus="Iguanodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C422DFFFEFEA5FAD6DECC8366" box="[270,397,1306,1331]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">Iguanodon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
prior to being able to study inter- and intrageneric variation in ornithopods more widely (while admitting – following
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF904B7F422DFFFEFE44FAF3DDCB830C" author="Ostrom" box="[495,650,1343,1369]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" refString="Ostrom, J. H. (1970) Stratigraphy and paleontology of the Cloverly Formation (Lower Cretaceous) of the Big Horn Basin area, Wyoming and Montana. Peabody Museum of Natural History Bulletin, 35, 1 - 234." type="journal article" year="1970">Ostrom 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
– that the nomenclature of Wealden ornithopods was recognised to be “in a chaotic state”;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF904B7F422DFFFEFE1DFAA8DD23832B" author="Norman" box="[438,610,1380,1406]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" refString="Norman, D. B. (1987) Wealden dinosaur biostratigraphy. In: Currie, P. J. & Koster, E. H. (Eds.), Fourth Symposium on Mesozoic Terrestrial Ecosystems, short papers. Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology, Drumheller, pp. 161 - 166." type="book chapter" year="1987">Norman 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: p. 132). It is now clear from the diagnosis that the anatomy of this taxon, as well as its stratigraphic age (Valanginian), separates it anatomically, biologically and chronologically from the far better established taxa of the Hauterivian–Lower Aptian (Weald Clay and Wessex Formations) of the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F316761E422DFFFEFE4DFA1FDD5083B8" box="[486,529,1491,1517]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">UK</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF904B7F422DFFFEFD8AFA1FDD8C83B8" author="Norman" box="[545,717,1491,1517]" pageId="7" pageNumber="65" refString="Norman, D. B. (1980) On the ornithischian dinosaur Iguanodon bernissartensis from Belgium. Memoires de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, 178, 1 - 105." type="journal article" year="1980">Norman 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF904B7F422DFFFEFD70FA1FDC5883B8" author="Norman" box="[731,793,1491,1517]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="7" pageNumber="65" refString="Norman, D. B. (1986) On the anatomy of Iguanodon atherfieldensis (Ornithischia: Ornithopoda). Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, 56, 281 - 372." type="journal article" year="1986">1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and Barremian–Lower Aptian of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F316761E422DFFFEFB14FA1FDA6683B8" box="[1215,1319,1491,1517]" name="Belgium" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">Belgium</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF904B7F422DFFFEFA93FA1FDF948046" author="Norman" pageId="7" pageNumber="65" refString="Norman, D. B. (1980) On the ornithischian dinosaur Iguanodon bernissartensis from Belgium. Memoires de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, 178, 1 - 105." type="journal article" year="1980">Norman 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF904B7F422DFFFEFF49FA35DEE68046" author="Yans" box="[226,423,1529,1555]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" refString="Yans, J., Dejax, J., Pons, D., Taverne, L. & Bultynck, P. (2006) The Iguanodons of Bernissart are middle Barremian to earliest Aptian in age. Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Science Naturelles de Belgique, 76, 91 - 95." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Yans
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C422DFFFEFE88FA35DE198047" box="[291,344,1529,1554]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It is interesting to note that the generic status of the latter species was the subject of debate following the preliminary description of new material by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF904B7F422DFFFEFC38F9D2DB6A806D" author="Dollo" box="[915,1067,1566,1592]" pageId="7" pageNumber="65" refString="Dollo, L. (1882) Premiere note sur les dinosauriens de Bernissart. Bulletin de la Musee Royale d'Histoire Naturelle de Belgique, I, 55 - 80." type="book chapter" year="1882">Dollo (1882)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF904B7F422DFFFEFBCDF9D2DA49806D" author="Hulke" box="[1126,1288,1566,1592]" pageId="7" pageNumber="65" refString="Hulke, J. W. (1882) Description of some Iguanodon remains indicating a new species, I. seelyi. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, XXXVIII, 135 - 144." type="book chapter" year="1882">Hulke (1882)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Discussion concerning generic names involved Seeley in Hulke’s (1882) account of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D0D422DFFFEFBA4F98FDB2F8009" box="[1039,1134,1603,1628]" class="Reptilia" family="Iguanodontidae" genus="Iguanodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="seelyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C422DFFFEFBA4F98FDB2F8009" box="[1039,1134,1603,1628]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">I. seelyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and was presented more formally in two discussion papers by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF904B7F422DFFFEFDDBF9A4DC7380D7" author="Seeley" box="[624,818,1640,1666]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" refString="Seeley, H. G. (1887 b) Mr Dollo's notes on the dinosaurian fauna of Bernissart (parts 1 & 2). Geological Magazine, 3, 80 - 87 & 124 - 130." type="journal article" year="1887" yearSuffix="b">Seeley (1887b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. I tacitly accept the new generic assignment of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D0D422DFFFEFA21F9A4DEAF80F2" authority="Hooley, 1925" authorityName="Hooley" authorityYear="1925" class="Reptilia" family="Iguanodontidae" genus="Mantellisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atherfieldensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C422DFFFEFA21F9A4DE0780F2" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">I. atherfieldensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF904B7F422DFFFEFEE5F941DEAF80F2" author="Hooley" box="[334,494,1677,1703]" pageId="7" pageNumber="65" refString="Hooley, R. W. (1925) On the skeleton of Iguanodon atherfieldensis sp. nov., from the Wealden shales of Atherfield (Isle of Wight). Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 81, 1 - 61." type="journal article" year="1925">Hooley, 1925</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D0D422DFFFEFDBCF942DB0180F2" authority="Hooley, 1925" authorityName="Hooley" authorityYear="1925" box="[535,1088,1677,1703]" class="Reptilia" family="Iguanodontidae" genus="Mantellisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atherfieldensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C422DFFFEFDBCF942DCC380F2" box="[535,898,1678,1703]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">Mantellisaurus atherfieldensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF904B7F422DFFFEFC39F941DB7680F2" author="Hooley" box="[914,1079,1677,1703]" pageId="7" pageNumber="65" refString="Hooley, R. W. (1925) On the skeleton of Iguanodon atherfieldensis sp. nov., from the Wealden shales of Atherfield (Isle of Wight). Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 81, 1 - 61." type="journal article" year="1925">Hooley, 1925</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as proposed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF904B7F422DFFFEFAA2F941DAD980F2" author="Paul" box="[1289,1432,1677,1703]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" refString="Paul, G. S. (2007) Turning the old into the new: a separate genus for the gracile iguanodont from the Wealden of England. In: Carpenter, K. (Ed.), Horns and Beaks: Ceratopsian and Ornithopod Dinosaurs. Indiana University Press, Bloomington and Indianapolis, pp. 69 - 77." type="book chapter" year="2007">Paul (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. However, additional taxonomic proposals (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF904B7F422DFFFEFD12F97EDC7C8099" author="Paul" box="[697,829,1714,1740]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" refString="Paul, G. S. (2008) A revised taxonomy of the iguanodont dinosaur genera and species. Cretaceous Research, 29, 192 - 216." type="journal article" year="2008">Paul 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) are not accepted (Norman in press; Norman in preparation).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE368E422DFFF1FF6EF931DCFC86A9" blockId="7.[151,1437,152,2001]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1436,152,252]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">
|
||
Several missing skeletal components (manus, forelimb, parts of shoulder girdle such as the sternal bones) inhibit the accurate systematic placement of this taxon within the clade Iguanodontia (Norman in preparation). However, even at the cursory level of this account, it should be clear that this unique Valanginian ornithopod shares general anatomical affinities with a range of camptosaur–styracosternan grade iguanodontian taxa. However, the anatomy of this taxon contrasts strongly with that described in earlier camptosaur-grade iguanodontians as well as the contemporary and sympatric iguanodontian (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D0D422DFFFEFB86F87BDA718185" box="[1069,1328,1975,2000]" class="Reptilia" genus="Hypselospinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fittoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C422DFFFEFB86F87BDA718185" box="[1069,1328,1975,2000]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">Hypselospinus fittoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and the younger Weald Clay Formation taxa
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D0D4222FFF1FDF7FF54DDA186E4" box="[604,736,152,177]" class="Reptilia" family="Iguanodontidae" genus="Iguanodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C4222FFF1FDF7FF54DDA186E4" box="[604,736,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">Iguanodon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D0D4222FFF1FCB7FF54DC9586E4" box="[796,980,152,177]" class="Reptilia" family="Iguanodontidae" genus="Mantellisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C4222FFF1FCB7FF54DC9586E4" box="[796,980,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">Mantellisaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF904B7F4222FFF1FC4EFF54DBD386E7" author="Norman" box="[997,1170,152,178]" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" refString="Norman, D. B. (1980) On the ornithischian dinosaur Iguanodon bernissartensis from Belgium. Memoires de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, 178, 1 - 105." type="journal article" year="1980">Norman 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF904B7F4222FFF1FB0BFF54DBA086E7" author="Norman" box="[1184,1249,152,178]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" refString="Norman, D. B. (1986) On the anatomy of Iguanodon atherfieldensis (Ornithischia: Ornithopoda). Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, 56, 281 - 372." type="journal article" year="1986">1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The absolute distinction in the structure of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BA882C4222FFF1FD8FFF71DDCA8682" box="[548,651,189,215]" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(and referred material) confirms that it represents a new genus of basal iguanodontian:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D0D4222FFF1FE3AFF2EDC7586A9" authority="Lydekker, 1888" authorityName="Lydekker" authorityYear="1888" box="[401,820,226,252]" class="Reptilia" family="Iguanodontidae" genus="Barilium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dawsoni" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C4222FFF1FE3AFF2EDD2286AE" box="[401,611,226,251]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">Barilium dawsoni</emphasis>
|
||
(Lydekker, 1888)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24657E74222FFF1FC90FF2EDCFC86A9" box="[827,957,226,252]" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |