1168 lines
150 KiB
XML
1168 lines
150 KiB
XML
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<mods:title>A taxonomy of iguanodontians (Dinosauria: Ornithopoda) from the lower Wealden Group (Cretaceous: Valanginian) of southern England</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName authority="Lydekker, 1889" authorityName="Lydekker" authorityYear="1889" box="[151,509,1199,1222]" class="Reptilia" family="Iguanodontidae" genus="Iguanodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fittoni">
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,337,1199,1222]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">Iguanodon fittoni</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lydekker" box="[343,509,1199,1222]" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" refString="Lydekker, R. (1889) Notes on new and other dinosaur remains. Geological Magazine, VI, 352 - 356." type="book chapter" year="1889">
|
||
Lydekker,
|
||
<number box="[456,509,1199,1222]" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" value="1889.0">1889</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[
|
||
<emphasis box="[525,546,1199,1222]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">in</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation author="Blows" box="[552,725,1199,1222]" page="31" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" year="1998">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Blows" box="[552,684,1199,1222]" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" refString="Blows, W. T. (1998) A review of Lower and Middle Cretaceous dinosaurs of England. In: Lucas, S. G., Kirkland, J. I. & Estep, J. W. (Eds.), Lower and Middle Cretaceous Terrestrial Ecosystems. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, Albuquerque, pp. 29 - 38." type="book chapter" year="1998">
|
||
Blows
|
||
<number box="[627,684,1199,1222]" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" value="1998.0">1998</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:
|
||
<number box="[694,725,1199,1222]" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" value="31.0">31</number>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
].
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Lydekker 1889" authorityName="Lydekker" authorityYear="1889" box="[151,504,1231,1254]" class="Reptilia" family="Iguanodontidae" genus="Iguanodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fittoni">
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,337,1231,1254]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">Iguanodon fittoni</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lydekker" box="[343,504,1231,1254]" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" refString="Lydekker, R. (1889) Notes on new and other dinosaur remains. Geological Magazine, VI, 352 - 356." type="book chapter" year="1889">
|
||
Lydekker
|
||
<number box="[451,504,1231,1254]" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" value="1889.0">1889</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[
|
||
<emphasis box="[519,540,1231,1254]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">in</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation author="Norman" box="[547,754,1231,1254]" page="416" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" year="2004">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Norman" box="[547,698,1231,1254]" pageId="8" pageNumber="66" refString="Norman, D. B. (2004) Basal Iguanodontia. In: Weishampel, D. B., Dodson, P. & Osmolska, H (Eds.), The Dinosauria (second edition). University of California, Berkeley, pp. 413 - 437." type="book chapter" year="2004">
|
||
Norman
|
||
<number box="[641,698,1231,1254]" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" value="2004.0">2004</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:
|
||
<number box="[708,754,1231,1254]" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" value="416.0">416</number>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
].
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,473,1263,1286]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">
|
||
“
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[158,288,1263,1286]" class="Reptilia" family="Iguanodontidae" genus="Iguanodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Iguanodon</taxonomicName>
|
||
”
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[303,473,1263,1286]" class="Reptilia" family="Iguanodontidae" genus="Iguanodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hollingtoniensis">hollingtoniensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
[
|
||
<treatmentCitation author="Paul" box="[486,655,1263,1286]" page="214" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" year="2008">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Paul" box="[486,655,1263,1286]" pageId="8" pageNumber="66" refString="Paul, G. S. (2008) A revised taxonomy of the iguanodont dinosaur genera and species. Cretaceous Research, 29, 192 - 216." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Paul
|
||
<number box="[542,599,1263,1286]" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" value="2008.0">2008</number>
|
||
:
|
||
<number box="[610,655,1263,1286]" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" value="214.0">214</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
].
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[151,935,847,1318]" box="[151,691,1295,1318]" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup box="[151,691,1295,1318]" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,473,1295,1318]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">
|
||
“
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[158,288,1295,1318]" class="Reptilia" family="Iguanodontidae" genus="Iguanodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Iguanodon</taxonomicName>
|
||
”
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[303,473,1295,1318]" class="Reptilia" family="Iguanodontidae" genus="Iguanodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hollingtoniensis">hollingtoniensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
[
|
||
<treatmentCitation author="Galton" box="[486,680,1295,1318]" page="245" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" year="2009">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Galton" box="[486,680,1295,1318]" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" refString="Galton, P. M. (2009) Notes on Neocomian (Lower Creteceous) ornithopod dinosaurs from England - Hypsilophodon, Valdosaurus, " Camptosaurus ", " Iguanodon " - and referred specimens from Romania and elsewhere. Revue de Paleobiologie, Geneve, 28, 211 - 273." type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Galton
|
||
<number box="[568,625,1295,1318]" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" value="2009.0">2009</number>
|
||
:
|
||
<number box="[635,680,1295,1318]" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" value="245.0">245</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
].
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="55" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[151,1437,1364,1913]" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<bibRef pageId="8" pageNumber="55" type="journal article">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,276,1364,1390]" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<title box="[151,271,1364,1390]" jopScore="0.0018299209" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<typeStatus box="[151,271,1364,1390]" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</title>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="NHMUK" box="[284,489,1364,1390]" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" refString="Holotype. NHMUK R 1635, ilium (Fig. 5) and associated elements (Fig. 6) comprising a partial posterior sacrum (Fig. 6 A - C), anterior caudal centrum (Fig. 6 D, E) and (more dubiously) a water-worn proximal ischial fragment (Fig. 6 F)." type="journal article" year="1635">
|
||
<author box="[284,428,1364,1390]" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<collectionCode LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" box="[284,397,1364,1390]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
R
|
||
</author>
|
||
<number box="[427,489,1364,1390]" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" value="1635.0">
|
||
<year box="[427,489,1364,1390]" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">1635</year>
|
||
</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<journalOrPublisher box="[502,628,1364,1390]" jopScore="0.0073196837" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" type="_" typeScore="71">
|
||
ilium (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[583,628,1364,1390]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,255,1677,1701]" captionTargetBox="[344,1253,190,1625]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[308,1280,166,1653]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Hypselospinus fittoni (Lydekker, 1889) comb. nov. NHMUK R 1635, holotype ilium. A. Lateral view. B. Posterior view to show the inflected shelf, lateral ridge and brevis fossa. C. Medial view showing the form of the sacral rib scars. D. Dorsal view showing the transversely narrow dorsal margin of the ilium compared with that of B. dawsoni (Fig. 3 B). The mediodorsal edge of the ilium shows an abscess-like excavation that may be pathological in origin. Even though the dorsal margin is eroded laterally posterior to the ischial peduncle (cross-hatched area) there is little indication of a laterally everted edge. Abbreviations: acet – acetabulum; brf – brevis fossa; lr – lateral ridge that bounds the brevis fossa; nde – narrow dorsal edge to the iliac blade; path? – probable pathological structure; prp – preacetabular process; srs – sacral rib scar on medial surface of iliac blade. Broken surfaces indicated by cross-hatching." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195576/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">Fig</figureCitation>
|
||
</journalOrPublisher>
|
||
.
|
||
<number box="[641,656,1364,1390]" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" value="5.0">
|
||
<part box="[641,656,1364,1390]" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" type="volume">5</part>
|
||
</number>
|
||
) and associated elements (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[985,1058,1364,1390]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,259,1757,1781]" captionTargetBox="[255,1333,791,1756]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[255,1333,786,1759]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Hypselospinus fittoni (Lydekker, 1889) comb. nov. NHMUK R 1635, additional postcranial remains recovered from the same locality and horizon as the holotype ilium (Fig. 5) at Shornden. A – C. Posterior portion of sacrum (lateral, ventral and dorsal views respectively). D, E. Anterior caudal centrum, in right lateral and anterior views respectively. F. Proximal left ischium, a water-rolled and polished fragment. The ischium is of different preservation and is very probably transported to a greater extent than the other type specimens – and in any case shows no diagnostic features beyond being the proximal fragment of an ornithopod ischium. Abbreviations: cr – caudal rib; hf – haemal arch (chevron) facet; il – base of iliac peduncle; k – keel on ventral surface of sacral centrum; nc – floor of canal for spinal cord; obt – base of obturator process; pu – base of pubic peduncle; sr – fragments of the sacral ribs. Broken surfaces indicated by cross-hatching." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195577/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[1042,1058,1364,1390]" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" value="6.0">6</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
) comprising a partial posterior sacrum (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[251,319,1402,1428]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,259,1757,1781]" captionTargetBox="[255,1333,791,1756]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[255,1333,786,1759]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Hypselospinus fittoni (Lydekker, 1889) comb. nov. NHMUK R 1635, additional postcranial remains recovered from the same locality and horizon as the holotype ilium (Fig. 5) at Shornden. A – C. Posterior portion of sacrum (lateral, ventral and dorsal views respectively). D, E. Anterior caudal centrum, in right lateral and anterior views respectively. F. Proximal left ischium, a water-rolled and polished fragment. The ischium is of different preservation and is very probably transported to a greater extent than the other type specimens – and in any case shows no diagnostic features beyond being the proximal fragment of an ornithopod ischium. Abbreviations: cr – caudal rib; hf – haemal arch (chevron) facet; il – base of iliac peduncle; k – keel on ventral surface of sacral centrum; nc – floor of canal for spinal cord; obt – base of obturator process; pu – base of pubic peduncle; sr – fragments of the sacral ribs. Broken surfaces indicated by cross-hatching." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195577/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[305,319,1402,1428]" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" value="6.0">6</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
A–C), anterior caudal centrum (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[691,760,1402,1428]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,259,1757,1781]" captionTargetBox="[255,1333,791,1756]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[255,1333,786,1759]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Hypselospinus fittoni (Lydekker, 1889) comb. nov. NHMUK R 1635, additional postcranial remains recovered from the same locality and horizon as the holotype ilium (Fig. 5) at Shornden. A – C. Posterior portion of sacrum (lateral, ventral and dorsal views respectively). D, E. Anterior caudal centrum, in right lateral and anterior views respectively. F. Proximal left ischium, a water-rolled and polished fragment. The ischium is of different preservation and is very probably transported to a greater extent than the other type specimens – and in any case shows no diagnostic features beyond being the proximal fragment of an ornithopod ischium. Abbreviations: cr – caudal rib; hf – haemal arch (chevron) facet; il – base of iliac peduncle; k – keel on ventral surface of sacral centrum; nc – floor of canal for spinal cord; obt – base of obturator process; pu – base of pubic peduncle; sr – fragments of the sacral ribs. Broken surfaces indicated by cross-hatching." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195577/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[745,760,1402,1428]" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" value="6.0">6</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
D, E) and (more dubiously) a water-worn proximal ischial fragment (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[273,343,1439,1465]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,259,1757,1781]" captionTargetBox="[255,1333,791,1756]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[255,1333,786,1759]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Hypselospinus fittoni (Lydekker, 1889) comb. nov. NHMUK R 1635, additional postcranial remains recovered from the same locality and horizon as the holotype ilium (Fig. 5) at Shornden. A – C. Posterior portion of sacrum (lateral, ventral and dorsal views respectively). D, E. Anterior caudal centrum, in right lateral and anterior views respectively. F. Proximal left ischium, a water-rolled and polished fragment. The ischium is of different preservation and is very probably transported to a greater extent than the other type specimens – and in any case shows no diagnostic features beyond being the proximal fragment of an ornithopod ischium. Abbreviations: cr – caudal rib; hf – haemal arch (chevron) facet; il – base of iliac peduncle; k – keel on ventral surface of sacral centrum; nc – floor of canal for spinal cord; obt – base of obturator process; pu – base of pubic peduncle; sr – fragments of the sacral ribs. Broken surfaces indicated by cross-hatching." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195577/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[327,343,1439,1465]" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" value="6.0">
|
||
<pagination box="[327,343,1439,1465]" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" type="pagination">6</pagination>
|
||
</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
F).
|
||
</bibRef>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[151,1437,1364,1913]" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[197,430,1476,1502]" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">Referred material.</emphasis>
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus box="[492,595,1476,1502]" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Lydekker" authorityName="Lydekker" box="[636,1079,1476,1502]" class="Reptilia" family="Iguanodontidae" genus="Iguanodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hollingtoniensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[636,959,1477,1502]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">Iguanodon hollingtoniensis</emphasis>
|
||
Lydekker
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which includes the following registered material:
|
||
<collectionCode LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" box="[400,514,1514,1540]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
R
|
||
<number box="[544,604,1514,1540]" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" value="1148.0">1148</number>
|
||
(femur,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[711,787,1514,1540]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[151,255,1587,1611]" captionTargetBox="[449,1135,624,1554]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[436,1150,607,1563]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7. Hypselospinus fittoni (Lydekker, 1889) comb. nov. NHMUK R 1148, referred specimen. The right femur, illustrated as part of the holotype of Iguanodon hollingtoniensis Lydekker, 1889. A. Anterior view. B. Anteromedial view. Abbreviations: aig – anterior intercondylar groove almost occluded by shoulders developed from the distal articular condyles; at – anterior trochanter; 4 t – fourth trochanter and associated muscles scars associated with the caudifemoral complex. Broken surfaces are indicated by cross-hatching." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195578/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[769,787,1514,1540]" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" value="7.0">7</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
), R
|
||
<number box="[833,896,1514,1540]" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" value="1629.0">1629</number>
|
||
, R
|
||
<number box="[931,994,1514,1540]" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" value="1632.0">1632</number>
|
||
, R
|
||
<number box="[1029,1073,1514,1540]" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" value="811.0">811</number>
|
||
(sacrum,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1197,1269,1514,1540]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="13.[151,254,1122,1146]" captionTargetBox="[214,1383,387,1074]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[188,1400,370,1098]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 8. Hypselospinus fittoni (Lydekker, 1889) comb. nov. Referred material. NHMUK R 811, crushed sacrum (part of the holotype of Iguanodon hollingtoniensis) in ventral (A; note remains of midline keel is preserved despite crushing) and dorsal (B) views. NHMUK R 811 b, crushed ilium (part of the holotype of I. hollingtoniensis) in lateral (C) and medial (D) views. Note the deep, narrow preacetabular process with a low curved medial ridge, the flat iliac blade with a narrow dorsal edge and that the ventral postacetabular margin is indented and curves upward away from the ischial peduncle. Abbreviations: k – keel on ventral surface of the sacrum; mr – low, curved ridge on the medial surface of the preacetabular process; nc – floor of canal for the spinal cord; nde – narrow dorsal edge to the ilium; prp – preacetabular process; sr – fragments of the sacral ribs. Broken surfaces indicated by cross-hatching." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195579/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[1255,1269,1514,1540]" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" value="8.0">8</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
A, B), R
|
||
<number box="[1377,1421,1514,1540]" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" value="811.0">811</number>
|
||
b (ilium,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[242,314,1551,1577]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="13.[151,254,1122,1146]" captionTargetBox="[214,1383,387,1074]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[188,1400,370,1098]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 8. Hypselospinus fittoni (Lydekker, 1889) comb. nov. Referred material. NHMUK R 811, crushed sacrum (part of the holotype of Iguanodon hollingtoniensis) in ventral (A; note remains of midline keel is preserved despite crushing) and dorsal (B) views. NHMUK R 811 b, crushed ilium (part of the holotype of I. hollingtoniensis) in lateral (C) and medial (D) views. Note the deep, narrow preacetabular process with a low curved medial ridge, the flat iliac blade with a narrow dorsal edge and that the ventral postacetabular margin is indented and curves upward away from the ischial peduncle. Abbreviations: k – keel on ventral surface of the sacrum; mr – low, curved ridge on the medial surface of the preacetabular process; nc – floor of canal for the spinal cord; nde – narrow dorsal edge to the ilium; prp – preacetabular process; sr – fragments of the sacral ribs. Broken surfaces indicated by cross-hatching." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195579/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[299,314,1551,1577]" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" value="8.0">8</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
C, D), R
|
||
<number box="[420,465,1551,1577]" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" value="604.0">604</number>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[483,559,1551,1577]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="14.[151,254,1918,1942]" captionTargetBox="[222,1356,371,1917]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[222,1365,371,1927]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 9. Hypselospinus fittoni (Lydekker, 1889) comb. nov. NHMUK R 604, referred specimen. A, B. Anterior – mid dorsal vertebra in left lateral and anterior views respectively. C. Anterior caudal vertebra in left lateral view. Abbreviations: cr – caudal rib; dia – diapophysis; em – everted articular margin of the centrum; hf – haemal arch (chevron) facet; par – parapophysis; poz – postzygapophysis; prz – prezygapophysis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195580/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[541,559,1551,1577]" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" value="9.0">9</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). Additional referred specimens include
|
||
<collectionCode LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" box="[1061,1174,1551,1577]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
R
|
||
<number box="[1205,1267,1551,1577]" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" value="1834.0">1834</number>
|
||
, R
|
||
<number box="[1303,1334,1551,1577]" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" value="33.0">33</number>
|
||
, R
|
||
<number box="[1369,1431,1551,1577]" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" value="1627.0">1627</number>
|
||
, R
|
||
<number box="[171,229,1588,1614]" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" value="1636.0">1636</number>
|
||
(including specimens accessioned as R
|
||
<number box="[696,757,1588,1614]" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" value="2357.0">2357</number>
|
||
, R
|
||
<number box="[790,852,1588,1614]" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" value="2358.0">2358</number>
|
||
), and R
|
||
<number box="[944,1001,1588,1614]" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" value="1831.0">1831</number>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1018,1106,1588,1614]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="16.[151,255,1670,1694]" captionTargetBox="[252,1332,391,1636]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[236,1350,377,1644]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 10. Hypselospinus fittoni (Lydekker, 1889) comb. nov. Referred material. NHMUK R 1831, right dentary. A. Medial view, reproduced from Owen (1874: pl. 1, fig. 1). B. Medial view, sketch drawing taken from the original dentary (December 2009). C. The ‘ Brickenden jaw’ (NHMUK 28660). Sketch (November 2009) in medial view for comparison with NHMUK R 1831 (above). This is the right dentary of a large iguanodontian of robust build (attribution unconfirmed at present but it may prove to be attributable to B. dawsoni – Norman in preparation) collected by Col. Brickenden from a quarry near Cuckfield, Sussex. Abbreviations: am – level of alveolar margin; at – ‘ anomalous tooth’ (no longer associated with the jaw); br – extensively broken and crushed dorsal portion of the dentary ramus; ds – dentary-dentary symphysis; m – matrix infill of the Meckelian canal, the medial surface of the postdentary bones and the alveoli; mgr – Meckel’s groove; mt – matrix and tooth crown removed since the lithograph was prepared; pr – ‘ prong’ at the anterior end of the dentary ramus that locks against the lateral surface of the median ventral flap of the predentary; sh. alv – large area of the posterior alveolar shelf that has been sheared away post-mortem." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195581/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[1074,1106,1588,1614]" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" value="10.0">10</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
), which includes specimens accessioned as
|
||
<collectionCode LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" box="[334,446,1626,1652]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
R
|
||
<number box="[476,537,1626,1652]" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" value="1832.0">1832</number>
|
||
, R
|
||
<number box="[571,632,1626,1652]" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" value="1833.0">1833</number>
|
||
, R
|
||
<number box="[666,727,1626,1652]" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" value="1835.0">1835</number>
|
||
, and R
|
||
<number box="[813,875,1626,1652]" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" value="1836.0">1836</number>
|
||
. Additional referred material will be described elsewhere.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[151,1437,1364,1913]" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[197,610,1700,1726]" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">
|
||
Locality and horizon of
|
||
<typeStatus box="[495,605,1700,1726]" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Quarry site at the village of Shornden, near Hastings, East Sussex (the same locality that yielded the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[508,559,1738,1764]" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[705,837,1738,1764]" class="Reptilia" genus="Barilium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dawsoni">
|
||
<emphasis box="[705,723,1738,1763]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[739,837,1738,1763]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">dawsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Hastings Sub-Group, Wadhurst Clay Formation (Valanginian). Referred material was also recovered from the Wadhurst Clay Formation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[151,1437,1364,1913]" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[197,618,1812,1838]" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">
|
||
Diagnosis based on the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[500,613,1812,1838]" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Iguanodontian with the following unique character combination (* indicates autapomorphies - all other characters are apomorphic within basal iguanodontians, even if they occur sporadically within ornithopods more generally),), summarised by element:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195576/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" targetBox="[344,1253,190,1625]" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="9.[151,1437,1677,1924]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,283,1677,1701]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Lydekker, 1889" authorityName="Lydekker" authorityYear="1889" box="[290,713,1677,1700]" class="Reptilia" genus="Hypselospinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fittoni" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[290,519,1677,1700]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">Hypselospinus fittoni</emphasis>
|
||
(Lydekker, 1889)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[720,840,1677,1700]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
NHMUK R1635, holotype ilium. A. Lateral view. B. Posterior view to show the inflected shelf, lateral ridge and brevis fossa. C. Medial view showing the form of the sacral rib scars. D. Dorsal view showing the transversely narrow dorsal margin of the ilium compared with that of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1316,1436,1741,1764]" class="Reptilia" genus="Barilium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dawsoni">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1316,1436,1741,1764]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">B. dawsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig. 3B). The mediodorsal edge of the ilium shows an abscess-like excavation that may be pathological in origin. Even though the dorsal margin is eroded laterally posterior to the ischial peduncle (cross-hatched area) there is little indication of a laterally everted edge. Abbreviations: acet – acetabulum; brf – brevis fossa; lr – lateral ridge that bounds the brevis fossa; nde – narrow dorsal edge to the iliac blade; path? – probable pathological structure; prp – preacetabular process; srs – sacral rib scar on medial surface of iliac blade. Broken surfaces indicated by cross-hatching.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="9.[151,1436,1965,2026]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1437,152,746]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">
|
||
Ilium (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[280,353,1965,1991]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,255,1677,1701]" captionTargetBox="[344,1253,190,1625]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[308,1280,166,1653]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Hypselospinus fittoni (Lydekker, 1889) comb. nov. NHMUK R 1635, holotype ilium. A. Lateral view. B. Posterior view to show the inflected shelf, lateral ridge and brevis fossa. C. Medial view showing the form of the sacral rib scars. D. Dorsal view showing the transversely narrow dorsal margin of the ilium compared with that of B. dawsoni (Fig. 3 B). The mediodorsal edge of the ilium shows an abscess-like excavation that may be pathological in origin. Even though the dorsal margin is eroded laterally posterior to the ischial peduncle (cross-hatched area) there is little indication of a laterally everted edge. Abbreviations: acet – acetabulum; brf – brevis fossa; lr – lateral ridge that bounds the brevis fossa; nde – narrow dorsal edge to the iliac blade; path? – probable pathological structure; prp – preacetabular process; srs – sacral rib scar on medial surface of iliac blade. Broken surfaces indicated by cross-hatching." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195576/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[336,353,1965,1991]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" value="5.0">5</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
): preacetabular process (prp) vertically orientated, laterally compressed and comparatively deep proximally*; ventral edge of the preacetabular process is thicker than the dorsal edge*; a low-relief, curved, ridge is present on the medial surface of the preacetabular process; the main portion of the iliac blade is flat; the dorsal edge of the iliac blade is transversely compressed* (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[995,1067,186,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,255,1677,1701]" captionTargetBox="[344,1253,190,1625]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[308,1280,166,1653]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Hypselospinus fittoni (Lydekker, 1889) comb. nov. NHMUK R 1635, holotype ilium. A. Lateral view. B. Posterior view to show the inflected shelf, lateral ridge and brevis fossa. C. Medial view showing the form of the sacral rib scars. D. Dorsal view showing the transversely narrow dorsal margin of the ilium compared with that of B. dawsoni (Fig. 3 B). The mediodorsal edge of the ilium shows an abscess-like excavation that may be pathological in origin. Even though the dorsal margin is eroded laterally posterior to the ischial peduncle (cross-hatched area) there is little indication of a laterally everted edge. Abbreviations: acet – acetabulum; brf – brevis fossa; lr – lateral ridge that bounds the brevis fossa; nde – narrow dorsal edge to the iliac blade; path? – probable pathological structure; prp – preacetabular process; srs – sacral rib scar on medial surface of iliac blade. Broken surfaces indicated by cross-hatching." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195576/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[1052,1067,186,212]" pageId="10" pageNumber="57" value="5.0">5</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
D, nde); the dorsal edge of the central portion of the iliac blade, in profile view (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[728,797,221,247]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,255,1677,1701]" captionTargetBox="[344,1253,190,1625]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[308,1280,166,1653]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Hypselospinus fittoni (Lydekker, 1889) comb. nov. NHMUK R 1635, holotype ilium. A. Lateral view. B. Posterior view to show the inflected shelf, lateral ridge and brevis fossa. C. Medial view showing the form of the sacral rib scars. D. Dorsal view showing the transversely narrow dorsal margin of the ilium compared with that of B. dawsoni (Fig. 3 B). The mediodorsal edge of the ilium shows an abscess-like excavation that may be pathological in origin. Even though the dorsal margin is eroded laterally posterior to the ischial peduncle (cross-hatched area) there is little indication of a laterally everted edge. Abbreviations: acet – acetabulum; brf – brevis fossa; lr – lateral ridge that bounds the brevis fossa; nde – narrow dorsal edge to the iliac blade; path? – probable pathological structure; prp – preacetabular process; srs – sacral rib scar on medial surface of iliac blade. Broken surfaces indicated by cross-hatching." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195576/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[783,797,221,247]" pageId="10" pageNumber="57" value="5.0">5</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
A), is straight (rather than being bowed dorsally)*; the postacetabular blade tapers to a blunt, thickened bar (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[866,946,256,282]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,255,1677,1701]" captionTargetBox="[344,1253,190,1625]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[308,1280,166,1653]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Hypselospinus fittoni (Lydekker, 1889) comb. nov. NHMUK R 1635, holotype ilium. A. Lateral view. B. Posterior view to show the inflected shelf, lateral ridge and brevis fossa. C. Medial view showing the form of the sacral rib scars. D. Dorsal view showing the transversely narrow dorsal margin of the ilium compared with that of B. dawsoni (Fig. 3 B). The mediodorsal edge of the ilium shows an abscess-like excavation that may be pathological in origin. Even though the dorsal margin is eroded laterally posterior to the ischial peduncle (cross-hatched area) there is little indication of a laterally everted edge. Abbreviations: acet – acetabulum; brf – brevis fossa; lr – lateral ridge that bounds the brevis fossa; nde – narrow dorsal edge to the iliac blade; path? – probable pathological structure; prp – preacetabular process; srs – sacral rib scar on medial surface of iliac blade. Broken surfaces indicated by cross-hatching." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195576/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[929,946,256,282]" pageId="10" pageNumber="57" value="5.0">5</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
A,B); strong medial inturning of the postacetabular blade to form a thick shelf that roofs a well-defined brevis fossa (brf); the brevis fossa is bordered laterally by a horizontal ridge (lr); the scarring for the posterior sacral ribs (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1150,1220,325,351]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,255,1677,1701]" captionTargetBox="[344,1253,190,1625]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[308,1280,166,1653]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Hypselospinus fittoni (Lydekker, 1889) comb. nov. NHMUK R 1635, holotype ilium. A. Lateral view. B. Posterior view to show the inflected shelf, lateral ridge and brevis fossa. C. Medial view showing the form of the sacral rib scars. D. Dorsal view showing the transversely narrow dorsal margin of the ilium compared with that of B. dawsoni (Fig. 3 B). The mediodorsal edge of the ilium shows an abscess-like excavation that may be pathological in origin. Even though the dorsal margin is eroded laterally posterior to the ischial peduncle (cross-hatched area) there is little indication of a laterally everted edge. Abbreviations: acet – acetabulum; brf – brevis fossa; lr – lateral ridge that bounds the brevis fossa; nde – narrow dorsal edge to the iliac blade; path? – probable pathological structure; prp – preacetabular process; srs – sacral rib scar on medial surface of iliac blade. Broken surfaces indicated by cross-hatching." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195576/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[1205,1220,325,351]" pageId="10" pageNumber="57" value="5.0">5</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
C, srs) follows the ventral margin of the postacetabular blade as it rises obliquely toward the posterior end of the blade to merge with the more dorsally positioned facets along the lower border of the postacetabular blade.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="10.[151,1437,152,746]" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">
|
||
Vertebrae (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[329,404,429,455]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,259,1757,1781]" captionTargetBox="[255,1333,791,1756]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[255,1333,786,1759]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Hypselospinus fittoni (Lydekker, 1889) comb. nov. NHMUK R 1635, additional postcranial remains recovered from the same locality and horizon as the holotype ilium (Fig. 5) at Shornden. A – C. Posterior portion of sacrum (lateral, ventral and dorsal views respectively). D, E. Anterior caudal centrum, in right lateral and anterior views respectively. F. Proximal left ischium, a water-rolled and polished fragment. The ischium is of different preservation and is very probably transported to a greater extent than the other type specimens – and in any case shows no diagnostic features beyond being the proximal fragment of an ornithopod ischium. Abbreviations: cr – caudal rib; hf – haemal arch (chevron) facet; il – base of iliac peduncle; k – keel on ventral surface of sacral centrum; nc – floor of canal for spinal cord; obt – base of obturator process; pu – base of pubic peduncle; sr – fragments of the sacral ribs. Broken surfaces indicated by cross-hatching." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195577/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[386,404,429,455]" pageId="10" pageNumber="57" value="6.0">6</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
): the ventral surfaces of the posterior centra of the sacrum bear midline keels*; midanterior caudal vertebral centrum (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[555,626,464,490]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,259,1757,1781]" captionTargetBox="[255,1333,791,1756]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[255,1333,786,1759]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Hypselospinus fittoni (Lydekker, 1889) comb. nov. NHMUK R 1635, additional postcranial remains recovered from the same locality and horizon as the holotype ilium (Fig. 5) at Shornden. A – C. Posterior portion of sacrum (lateral, ventral and dorsal views respectively). D, E. Anterior caudal centrum, in right lateral and anterior views respectively. F. Proximal left ischium, a water-rolled and polished fragment. The ischium is of different preservation and is very probably transported to a greater extent than the other type specimens – and in any case shows no diagnostic features beyond being the proximal fragment of an ornithopod ischium. Abbreviations: cr – caudal rib; hf – haemal arch (chevron) facet; il – base of iliac peduncle; k – keel on ventral surface of sacral centrum; nc – floor of canal for spinal cord; obt – base of obturator process; pu – base of pubic peduncle; sr – fragments of the sacral ribs. Broken surfaces indicated by cross-hatching." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195577/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[609,626,464,490]" pageId="10" pageNumber="57" value="6.0">6</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
), which bears a well-marked haemal facet posteriorly, has cylindrical proportions*.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="10.[151,1437,152,746]" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[198,827,533,559]" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">Comparisons with closely related iguanodontians.</emphasis>
|
||
This taxon appears (to date) to be restricted to the Valanginian stage and is representative of a medium-sized (body length of ~
|
||
<number box="[1165,1181,570,596]" pageId="10" pageNumber="57" value="6.0">6</number>
|
||
metres) and robust iguanodontian ornithopod. Comparisons will be drawn with the earlier (Kimmeridgian–Berriasian) camptosaur-grade iguanodontians, the exactly contemporary taxon
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[968,1183,645,670]" class="Reptilia" genus="Barilium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="10" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dawsoni">
|
||
<emphasis box="[968,1183,645,670]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">Barilium dawsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see above), and the younger (Hauterivian–Lower Aptian) and geographically local
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[891,1203,682,707]" class="Reptilia" family="Iguanodontidae" genus="Iguanodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="10" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bernissartensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[891,1203,682,707]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">Iguanodon bernissartensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Iguanodontidae" genus="Mantellisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="10" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atherfieldensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">Mantellisaurus atherfieldensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195577/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="57" targetBox="[255,1333,791,1756]" targetPageId="10">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="10.[151,1437,1757,2036]" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,288,1757,1781]" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Lydekker, 1889" authorityName="Lydekker" authorityYear="1889" box="[296,741,1757,1780]" class="Reptilia" genus="Hypselospinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="10" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fittoni" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[296,537,1757,1780]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">Hypselospinus fittoni</emphasis>
|
||
(Lydekker, 1889)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[749,875,1757,1780]" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
NHMUK R1635, additional postcranial remains recovered from the same locality and horizon as the holotype ilium (Fig. 5) at Shornden. A–C. Posterior portion of sacrum (lateral, ventral and dorsal views respectively). D, E. Anterior caudal centrum, in right lateral and anterior views respectively. F. Proximal left ischium, a water-rolled and polished fragment. The ischium is of different preservation and is very probably transported to a greater extent than the other type specimens – and in any case shows no diagnostic features beyond being the proximal fragment of an ornithopod ischium. Abbreviations: cr – caudal rib; hf – haemal arch (chevron) facet; il – base of iliac peduncle; k – keel on ventral surface of sacral centrum; nc – floor of canal for spinal cord; obt – base of obturator process; pu – base of pubic peduncle; sr – fragments of the sacral ribs. Broken surfaces indicated by cross-hatching.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="11.[151,1437,152,2007]" pageId="11" pageNumber="58">
|
||
Camptosaurs. The base of the preacetabular process is laterally compressed and deep with little evidence of axial twisting in both
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[442,690,189,214]" class="Reptilia" genus="Hypselospinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="11" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fittoni">
|
||
<emphasis box="[442,690,189,214]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="58">Hypselospinus fittoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and camptosaurs (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gilmore" box="[911,1306,189,215]" pageId="11" pageNumber="65" refString="Gilmore, C. W. (1909) Osteology of the Jurassic reptile Camptosaurus, with a revision of the species of the genus and a description of two new species. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 36, 197 - 332." type="journal article" year="1909">
|
||
Gilmore
|
||
<number box="[1019,1082,189,215]" pageId="11" pageNumber="58" value="1909.0">1909</number>
|
||
: figs
|
||
<number box="[1146,1223,189,215]" pageId="11" pageNumber="58" value="29.3">29, 30</number>
|
||
, pl.
|
||
<number box="[1274,1306,189,215]" pageId="11" pageNumber="58" value="14.0">14</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); however, the dorsal margin of this process is thickened and rounded transversely in camptosaurs, unlike
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1269,1375,226,251]" class="Reptilia" genus="Hypselospinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="11" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fittoni">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1269,1375,226,251]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="58">H. fittoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The dorsal edge of the main iliac plate is horizontal above the acetabular region in both taxa; however, unlike
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" genus="Hypselospinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="11" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fittoni">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="58">H. fittoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, this border in camptosaurs develops an oblique (dorsolaterally orientated) bevelled surface that becomes steadily deeper over the postacetabular blade and increasingly laterally everted so that the upper part of the blade comes to overhang the ischial peduncle and brevis fossa regions. In
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1108,1215,376,401]" class="Reptilia" genus="Hypselospinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="11" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fittoni">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1108,1215,376,401]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="58">H. fittoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the dorsal edge of the iliac blade remains narrow and vertically orientated along its length; toward the posterior end of this dorsal edge, in camptosaurs, the thickened bevelled surface forms a small dorsally deflected lip, before descending obliquely to the medially inflected posterior bar which, as in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[877,984,488,513]" class="Reptilia" genus="Hypselospinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="11" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fittoni">
|
||
<emphasis box="[877,984,488,513]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="58">H. fittoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, forms the roof to a substantial brevis fossa. The brevis fossa is bounded medially by a thin wall of the ilium in camptosaurs that is clearly visible in lateral aspect (this is far more prominent than the small medial ‘lip’ seen in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1039,1145,562,587]" class="Reptilia" genus="Hypselospinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="11" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fittoni">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1039,1145,562,587]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="58">H. fittoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1161,1228,562,588]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,255,1677,1701]" captionTargetBox="[344,1253,190,1625]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[308,1280,166,1653]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Hypselospinus fittoni (Lydekker, 1889) comb. nov. NHMUK R 1635, holotype ilium. A. Lateral view. B. Posterior view to show the inflected shelf, lateral ridge and brevis fossa. C. Medial view showing the form of the sacral rib scars. D. Dorsal view showing the transversely narrow dorsal margin of the ilium compared with that of B. dawsoni (Fig. 3 B). The mediodorsal edge of the ilium shows an abscess-like excavation that may be pathological in origin. Even though the dorsal margin is eroded laterally posterior to the ischial peduncle (cross-hatched area) there is little indication of a laterally everted edge. Abbreviations: acet – acetabulum; brf – brevis fossa; lr – lateral ridge that bounds the brevis fossa; nde – narrow dorsal edge to the iliac blade; path? – probable pathological structure; prp – preacetabular process; srs – sacral rib scar on medial surface of iliac blade. Broken surfaces indicated by cross-hatching." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195576/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="58">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[1214,1228,562,588]" pageId="11" pageNumber="58" value="5.0">5</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
A), but the lateral ridge that encloses the brevis fossa is similar in both taxa. Camptosaur ilia have a dorsal edge that becomes increasingly thick transversely and forms a bevelled structure that increases steadily in size posteriorly; the lateral surface of the iliac blade above the ischial peduncle also curves laterally so that it overhangs the ventral part of the ilium. The sacrum of camptosaurs lacks a ventral keel (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gilmore" box="[967,1144,712,738]" pageId="11" pageNumber="65" refString="Gilmore, C. W. (1909) Osteology of the Jurassic reptile Camptosaurus, with a revision of the species of the genus and a description of two new species. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 36, 197 - 332." type="journal article" year="1909">
|
||
Gilmore
|
||
<number box="[1079,1144,712,738]" pageId="11" pageNumber="58" value="1909.0">1909</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), which is present in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" genus="Hypselospinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="11" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fittoni">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="58">H. fittoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="11.[151,1437,152,2007]" pageId="11" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[198,410,786,811]" class="Reptilia" genus="Barilium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="11" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dawsoni">
|
||
<emphasis box="[198,410,786,811]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="58">Barilium dawsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The ilium of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[587,719,786,811]" class="Reptilia" genus="Barilium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="11" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dawsoni">
|
||
<emphasis box="[587,719,786,811]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="58">B. dawsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is larger and more massive than that of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1208,1316,786,811]" class="Reptilia" genus="Hypselospinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="11" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fittoni">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1208,1316,786,811]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="58">H. fittoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(compare
|
||
<figureCitation box="[151,226,824,850]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1884,1908]" captionTargetBox="[195,1358,381,1822]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,341,1858]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Barilium dawsoni (Lydekker, 1888) comb. nov. NHMUK R 802, holotype ilium in lateral (A), dorsal (B), and medial (C) views. Abbreviations: acet – acetabulum; ip – ischial peduncle; pp – pubic peduncle; prp – preacetabular process; srf – sacral rib facet; srs – posterior sacral rib scar. Broken surfaces indicated by cross-hatching." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195574/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="58">
|
||
Figs
|
||
<number box="[210,226,824,850]" pageId="11" pageNumber="58" value="3.5">3</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[240,257,824,850]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,255,1677,1701]" captionTargetBox="[344,1253,190,1625]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[308,1280,166,1653]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Hypselospinus fittoni (Lydekker, 1889) comb. nov. NHMUK R 1635, holotype ilium. A. Lateral view. B. Posterior view to show the inflected shelf, lateral ridge and brevis fossa. C. Medial view showing the form of the sacral rib scars. D. Dorsal view showing the transversely narrow dorsal margin of the ilium compared with that of B. dawsoni (Fig. 3 B). The mediodorsal edge of the ilium shows an abscess-like excavation that may be pathological in origin. Even though the dorsal margin is eroded laterally posterior to the ischial peduncle (cross-hatched area) there is little indication of a laterally everted edge. Abbreviations: acet – acetabulum; brf – brevis fossa; lr – lateral ridge that bounds the brevis fossa; nde – narrow dorsal edge to the iliac blade; path? – probable pathological structure; prp – preacetabular process; srs – sacral rib scar on medial surface of iliac blade. Broken surfaces indicated by cross-hatching." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195576/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="58">5</figureCitation>
|
||
). The form and orientation of the preacetabular process is completely different, as is the outline of the dorsal margin, as well as the structure of the postacetabular blade in all respects. The only anatomical similarity, in a very general sense, is that the iliac blade is essentially flat, and appears to lie vertically against the sacral yoke, rather than having a blade that curves laterally towards its dorsal margin so that it overhangs the lower portion of the blade. The dorsoventrally compressed (subrectangular) structure of anterior caudals of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[182,313,1010,1036]" class="Reptilia" genus="Barilium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="11" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dawsoni">
|
||
<emphasis box="[182,200,1010,1035]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="58">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[215,313,1010,1035]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="58">dawsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs strikingly from the form of the anterior caudals in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[993,1099,1010,1035]" class="Reptilia" genus="Hypselospinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="11" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fittoni">
|
||
<emphasis box="[993,1099,1010,1035]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="58">H. fittoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="11" pageNumber="58" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="11.[151,1437,152,2007]" pageId="11" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[198,512,1048,1073]" class="Reptilia" family="Iguanodontidae" genus="Iguanodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="11" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bernissartensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[198,512,1048,1073]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="58">Iguanodon bernissartensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The ilium of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[688,893,1048,1073]" class="Reptilia" family="Iguanodontidae" genus="Iguanodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="11" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bernissartensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[688,893,1048,1073]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="58">I. bernissartensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs significantly from that of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1296,1404,1048,1073]" class="Reptilia" genus="Hypselospinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="11" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fittoni">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1296,1404,1048,1073]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="58">H. fittoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the form of the preacetabular process (which is very robust, broad and essentially triangular in cross-section:
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Norman" box="[151,318,1122,1148]" pageId="11" pageNumber="65" refString="Norman, D. B. (1980) On the ornithischian dinosaur Iguanodon bernissartensis from Belgium. Memoires de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, 178, 1 - 105." type="journal article" year="1980">
|
||
Norman
|
||
<number box="[255,318,1122,1148]" pageId="11" pageNumber="58" value="1980.0">1980</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: Fig.
|
||
<number box="[384,417,1122,1148]" pageId="11" pageNumber="58" value="64.0">64</number>
|
||
), the bowed and ultimately sinuous dorsal margin, the dorsal portion of the iliac blade being thickened transversely and expanded laterally to overhang the lower part of the blade, and the postacetabular process is narrow and tapering and far more elongate (proportionally) than is the case in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" genus="Hypselospinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="11" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fittoni">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="58">H. fittoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="11.[151,1437,152,2007]" pageId="11" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[198,555,1272,1297]" class="Reptilia" family="Iguanodontidae" genus="Mantellisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="11" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atherfieldensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[198,555,1272,1297]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="58">Mantellisaurus atherfieldensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The ilium of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[725,938,1272,1297]" class="Reptilia" family="Iguanodontidae" genus="Mantellisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="11" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atherfieldensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[725,938,1272,1297]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="58">M. atherfieldensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from that of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1177,1283,1272,1297]" class="Reptilia" genus="Hypselospinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="11" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fittoni">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1177,1283,1272,1297]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="58">H. fittoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in its curved dorsal margin, the progressive thickening and expansion of the dorsolateral portion of the iliac blade (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Norman" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="11" pageNumber="65" refString="Norman, D. B. (1986) On the anatomy of Iguanodon atherfieldensis (Ornithischia: Ornithopoda). Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, 56, 281 - 372." type="journal article" year="1986">
|
||
Norman
|
||
<number box="[151,214,1346,1372]" pageId="11" pageNumber="58" value="1986.0">1986</number>
|
||
: figs
|
||
<number box="[276,351,1346,1372]" pageId="11" pageNumber="58" value="53.54">53, 54</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and the comparatively narrow brevis fossa.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="11.[151,1437,152,2007]" pageId="11" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[198,483,1383,1409]" pageId="11" pageNumber="58">Taxonomic discussion.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[495,749,1384,1409]" class="Reptilia" genus="Hypselospinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="11" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fittoni">
|
||
<emphasis box="[495,749,1384,1409]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="58">Hypselospinus fittoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
represents a smaller but relatively robustly constructed iguanodontian that was a sympatric contemporary of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[773,982,1421,1446]" class="Reptilia" genus="Barilium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="11" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dawsoni">
|
||
<emphasis box="[773,982,1421,1446]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="58">Barilium dawsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(above).
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1100,1133,1421,1447]" name="American Samoa" pageId="11" pageNumber="58">As</collectingCountry>
|
||
with the latter species,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" genus="Hypselospinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="11" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fittoni">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="58">H. fittoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears, on present evidence, to be restricted to the Valanginian. The
|
||
<typeStatus box="[1036,1138,1458,1484]" pageId="11" pageNumber="58">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
material is far from ideal (based as it is on a small fraction of the skeleton), but it is nevertheless diagnostic, as proposed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lydekker" pageId="11" pageNumber="65" refString="Lydekker, R. (1889) Notes on new and other dinosaur remains. Geological Magazine, VI, 352 - 356." type="book chapter" year="1889">
|
||
Lydekker (
|
||
<number box="[160,224,1533,1559]" pageId="11" pageNumber="58" value="1889.0">1889</number>
|
||
)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Of considerable interest (and importance) in relation to our understanding and interpretation of these Wadhurst Clay Formation species is the status of other iguanodontian material that was originally referred to a third species,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[313,634,1608,1633]" class="Reptilia" family="Iguanodontidae" genus="Iguanodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="11" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hollingtoniensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[313,634,1608,1633]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="58">Iguanodon hollingtoniensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lydekker" box="[686,885,1608,1634]" pageId="11" pageNumber="65" refString="Lydekker, R. (1889) Notes on new and other dinosaur remains. Geological Magazine, VI, 352 - 356." type="book chapter" year="1889">
|
||
Lydekker (
|
||
<number box="[812,876,1608,1634]" pageId="11" pageNumber="58" value="1889.0">1889</number>
|
||
)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="11.[151,1437,152,2007]" pageId="11" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[198,517,1645,1670]" class="Reptilia" family="Iguanodontidae" genus="Iguanodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="11" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hollingtonensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[198,517,1645,1670]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="58">Iguanodon hollingtonensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was based on skeletal remains recovered from Little Ridge Quarry in the village of Hollington, near Hastings (the quarry also yielded portions of a large theropod and an ankylosaur at around the same time). The iguanodontian skeleton was articulated, but was excavated over a period of two years and donated to the British Museum in batches (as a consequence a variety of registered numbers were attributed to the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[343,447,1794,1820]" pageId="11" pageNumber="58">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
) that are re-united here.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="11.[151,1437,152,2007]" lastBlockId="12.[151,1437,152,551]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="11" pageNumber="58">
|
||
The new species was established upon a nearly complete, but somewhat distorted, femur (
|
||
<collectionCode LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" box="[1323,1436,1832,1858]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="11" pageNumber="58">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
R
|
||
<number box="[172,234,1869,1895]" pageId="11" pageNumber="58" value="1148.0">1148</number>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[247,323,1869,1895]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[151,255,1587,1611]" captionTargetBox="[449,1135,624,1554]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[436,1150,607,1563]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7. Hypselospinus fittoni (Lydekker, 1889) comb. nov. NHMUK R 1148, referred specimen. The right femur, illustrated as part of the holotype of Iguanodon hollingtoniensis Lydekker, 1889. A. Anterior view. B. Anteromedial view. Abbreviations: aig – anterior intercondylar groove almost occluded by shoulders developed from the distal articular condyles; at – anterior trochanter; 4 t – fourth trochanter and associated muscles scars associated with the caudifemoral complex. Broken surfaces are indicated by cross-hatching." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195578/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="58">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[305,323,1869,1895]" pageId="11" pageNumber="58" value="7.0">7</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lydekker" box="[347,566,1869,1895]" pageId="11" pageNumber="65" refString="Lydekker, R. (1890 a) Contributions to our knowledge of the dinosaurs of the Wealden and the sauropterygians of the Purbeck and Oxford Clay. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 46, 36 - 53." type="journal article" year="1890" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Lydekker (
|
||
<number box="[480,544,1869,1895]" pageId="11" pageNumber="58" value="1890.0">1890</number>
|
||
a)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
claimed that this differed from a femur assigned by him to
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1308,1437,1869,1894]" class="Reptilia" genus="Barilium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="11" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dawsoni">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1308,1437,1869,1894]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="58">I. dawsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" box="[159,274,1906,1932]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="11" pageNumber="58">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
R
|
||
<number box="[304,367,1906,1932]" pageId="11" pageNumber="58" value="1627.0">1627</number>
|
||
); unfortunately, the femur to which Lydekker was referring is so badly damaged that no meaningful comparisons are possible. In addition, Lydekker argued that the sacral vertebrae of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Iguanodontidae" genus="Iguanodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="11" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hollingtoniensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="58">I. hollingtoniensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(registered under numbers
|
||
<collectionCode LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" box="[680,793,1981,2007]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="11" pageNumber="58">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
R
|
||
<number box="[821,864,1981,2007]" pageId="11" pageNumber="58" value="811.0">811</number>
|
||
and R
|
||
<number box="[946,1007,1981,2007]" pageId="11" pageNumber="58" value="1632.0">1632</number>
|
||
) could be distinguished from those assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[299,401,152,177]" class="Reptilia" genus="Hypselospinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="12" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fittoni">
|
||
<emphasis box="[299,401,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="59">I. fittoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="NHMUK" box="[417,628,152,178]" pageId="12" pageNumber="55" refString="Holotype. NHMUK R 1635, ilium (Fig. 5) and associated elements (Fig. 6) comprising a partial posterior sacrum (Fig. 6 A - C), anterior caudal centrum (Fig. 6 D, E) and (more dubiously) a water-worn proximal ischial fragment (Fig. 6 F)." type="journal article" year="1635">
|
||
<collectionCode LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" box="[417,534,152,178]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="12" pageNumber="59">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
R
|
||
<number box="[565,628,152,178]" pageId="12" pageNumber="59" value="1635.0">1635</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[641,717,152,178]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,259,1757,1781]" captionTargetBox="[255,1333,791,1756]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[255,1333,786,1759]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Hypselospinus fittoni (Lydekker, 1889) comb. nov. NHMUK R 1635, additional postcranial remains recovered from the same locality and horizon as the holotype ilium (Fig. 5) at Shornden. A – C. Posterior portion of sacrum (lateral, ventral and dorsal views respectively). D, E. Anterior caudal centrum, in right lateral and anterior views respectively. F. Proximal left ischium, a water-rolled and polished fragment. The ischium is of different preservation and is very probably transported to a greater extent than the other type specimens – and in any case shows no diagnostic features beyond being the proximal fragment of an ornithopod ischium. Abbreviations: cr – caudal rib; hf – haemal arch (chevron) facet; il – base of iliac peduncle; k – keel on ventral surface of sacral centrum; nc – floor of canal for spinal cord; obt – base of obturator process; pu – base of pubic peduncle; sr – fragments of the sacral ribs. Broken surfaces indicated by cross-hatching." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195577/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="59">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[699,717,152,178]" pageId="12" pageNumber="59" value="6.0">6</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
), because the former had sacral centra that were flattened ventrally and not co-ossified. In fact the flattened and unfused sacrals of
|
||
<collectionCode LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" box="[1067,1181,189,215]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="12" pageNumber="59">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
R
|
||
<number box="[1210,1270,189,215]" pageId="12" pageNumber="59" value="1632.0">1632</number>
|
||
identified by Lydekker proved to be broken fragments of several cervical vertebrae, while
|
||
<collectionCode LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" box="[1061,1172,226,252]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="12" pageNumber="59">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
R
|
||
<number box="[1200,1242,226,252]" pageId="12" pageNumber="59" value="811.0">811</number>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1259,1329,226,252]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="13.[151,254,1122,1146]" captionTargetBox="[214,1383,387,1074]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[188,1400,370,1098]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 8. Hypselospinus fittoni (Lydekker, 1889) comb. nov. Referred material. NHMUK R 811, crushed sacrum (part of the holotype of Iguanodon hollingtoniensis) in ventral (A; note remains of midline keel is preserved despite crushing) and dorsal (B) views. NHMUK R 811 b, crushed ilium (part of the holotype of I. hollingtoniensis) in lateral (C) and medial (D) views. Note the deep, narrow preacetabular process with a low curved medial ridge, the flat iliac blade with a narrow dorsal edge and that the ventral postacetabular margin is indented and curves upward away from the ischial peduncle. Abbreviations: k – keel on ventral surface of the sacrum; mr – low, curved ridge on the medial surface of the preacetabular process; nc – floor of canal for the spinal cord; nde – narrow dorsal edge to the ilium; prp – preacetabular process; sr – fragments of the sacral ribs. Broken surfaces indicated by cross-hatching." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195579/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="59">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[1315,1329,226,252]" pageId="12" pageNumber="59" value="8.0">8</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
A,B) is a post-mortem dorsoventrally flattened set of fused sacrals that exhibit the remnants of a ventral midline keel (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Norman" box="[158,328,301,327]" pageId="12" pageNumber="65" refString="Norman, D. B. (1977) On the anatomy of the ornithischian dinosaur Iguanodon. Unpublished PhD thesis, King's College London, 631 pp." type="book" year="1977">
|
||
Norman
|
||
<number box="[265,328,301,327]" pageId="12" pageNumber="59" value="1977.0">1977</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It was also claimed that the fragmentary ilium (
|
||
<collectionCode LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" box="[907,1020,301,327]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="12" pageNumber="59">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
R
|
||
<number box="[1049,1093,301,327]" pageId="12" pageNumber="59" value="811.0">811</number>
|
||
b,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1121,1189,301,327]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="13.[151,254,1122,1146]" captionTargetBox="[214,1383,387,1074]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[188,1400,370,1098]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 8. Hypselospinus fittoni (Lydekker, 1889) comb. nov. Referred material. NHMUK R 811, crushed sacrum (part of the holotype of Iguanodon hollingtoniensis) in ventral (A; note remains of midline keel is preserved despite crushing) and dorsal (B) views. NHMUK R 811 b, crushed ilium (part of the holotype of I. hollingtoniensis) in lateral (C) and medial (D) views. Note the deep, narrow preacetabular process with a low curved medial ridge, the flat iliac blade with a narrow dorsal edge and that the ventral postacetabular margin is indented and curves upward away from the ischial peduncle. Abbreviations: k – keel on ventral surface of the sacrum; mr – low, curved ridge on the medial surface of the preacetabular process; nc – floor of canal for the spinal cord; nde – narrow dorsal edge to the ilium; prp – preacetabular process; sr – fragments of the sacral ribs. Broken surfaces indicated by cross-hatching." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195579/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="59">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[1175,1189,301,327]" pageId="12" pageNumber="59" value="8.0">8</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
C,D) associated with the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[194,297,338,364]" pageId="12" pageNumber="59">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
skeleton differed (in an unspecified way) from the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[900,1002,338,364]" pageId="12" pageNumber="59">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
ilium of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1111,1205,338,363]" class="Reptilia" genus="Hypselospinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="12" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fittoni">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1111,1205,338,363]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="59">I. fittoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="NHMUK" box="[1221,1423,338,364]" pageId="12" pageNumber="55" refString="Holotype. NHMUK R 1635, ilium (Fig. 5) and associated elements (Fig. 6) comprising a partial posterior sacrum (Fig. 6 A - C), anterior caudal centrum (Fig. 6 D, E) and (more dubiously) a water-worn proximal ischial fragment (Fig. 6 F)." type="journal article" year="1635">
|
||
<collectionCode LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" box="[1221,1334,338,364]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="12" pageNumber="59">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
R
|
||
<number box="[1362,1423,338,364]" pageId="12" pageNumber="59" value="1635.0">1635</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, the features that can be observed in
|
||
<collectionCode LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" box="[714,827,376,402]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="12" pageNumber="59">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
R
|
||
<number box="[856,899,376,402]" pageId="12" pageNumber="59" value="811.0">811</number>
|
||
b demonstrate clear and diagnostic affinities with the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[262,371,413,439]" pageId="12" pageNumber="59">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
ilium of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[488,591,413,438]" class="Reptilia" genus="Hypselospinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="12" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fittoni">
|
||
<emphasis box="[488,591,413,438]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="59">I. fittoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(compare
|
||
<figureCitation box="[726,806,413,439]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,259,1757,1781]" captionTargetBox="[255,1333,791,1756]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[255,1333,786,1759]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Hypselospinus fittoni (Lydekker, 1889) comb. nov. NHMUK R 1635, additional postcranial remains recovered from the same locality and horizon as the holotype ilium (Fig. 5) at Shornden. A – C. Posterior portion of sacrum (lateral, ventral and dorsal views respectively). D, E. Anterior caudal centrum, in right lateral and anterior views respectively. F. Proximal left ischium, a water-rolled and polished fragment. The ischium is of different preservation and is very probably transported to a greater extent than the other type specimens – and in any case shows no diagnostic features beyond being the proximal fragment of an ornithopod ischium. Abbreviations: cr – caudal rib; hf – haemal arch (chevron) facet; il – base of iliac peduncle; k – keel on ventral surface of sacral centrum; nc – floor of canal for spinal cord; obt – base of obturator process; pu – base of pubic peduncle; sr – fragments of the sacral ribs. Broken surfaces indicated by cross-hatching." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195577/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="59">
|
||
Figs
|
||
<number box="[788,806,413,439]" pageId="12" pageNumber="59" value="6.8">6</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[820,838,413,439]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="13.[151,254,1122,1146]" captionTargetBox="[214,1383,387,1074]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[188,1400,370,1098]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 8. Hypselospinus fittoni (Lydekker, 1889) comb. nov. Referred material. NHMUK R 811, crushed sacrum (part of the holotype of Iguanodon hollingtoniensis) in ventral (A; note remains of midline keel is preserved despite crushing) and dorsal (B) views. NHMUK R 811 b, crushed ilium (part of the holotype of I. hollingtoniensis) in lateral (C) and medial (D) views. Note the deep, narrow preacetabular process with a low curved medial ridge, the flat iliac blade with a narrow dorsal edge and that the ventral postacetabular margin is indented and curves upward away from the ischial peduncle. Abbreviations: k – keel on ventral surface of the sacrum; mr – low, curved ridge on the medial surface of the preacetabular process; nc – floor of canal for the spinal cord; nde – narrow dorsal edge to the ilium; prp – preacetabular process; sr – fragments of the sacral ribs. Broken surfaces indicated by cross-hatching." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195579/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="59">8</figureCitation>
|
||
). A summary by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lydekker" box="[1066,1288,413,439]" pageId="12" pageNumber="65" refString="Lydekker, R. (1890 a) Contributions to our knowledge of the dinosaurs of the Wealden and the sauropterygians of the Purbeck and Oxford Clay. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 46, 36 - 53." type="journal article" year="1890" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Lydekker (
|
||
<number box="[1200,1265,413,439]" pageId="12" pageNumber="59" value="1890.0">1890</number>
|
||
a)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
of this new taxonomic assessment included illustrations of various “iliac
|
||
<typeStatus box="[936,1006,450,476]" pageId="12" pageNumber="59">types</typeStatus>
|
||
” that were intended to draw clear distinctions between new and established iguanodontian taxa. Unfortunately the ilium of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1220,1436,488,513]" class="Reptilia" family="Iguanodontidae" genus="Iguanodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="12" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hollingtoniensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1220,1436,488,513]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="59">I. hollingtoniensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that was illustrated was that of
|
||
<collectionCode LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" box="[513,624,525,551]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="12" pageNumber="59">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
R
|
||
<number box="[651,709,525,551]" pageId="12" pageNumber="59" value="1636.0">1636</number>
|
||
(not the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[813,916,525,551]" pageId="12" pageNumber="59">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
as claimed in the text:
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lydekker" box="[1185,1379,525,551]" pageId="12" pageNumber="65" refString="Lydekker, R. (1890 a) Contributions to our knowledge of the dinosaurs of the Wealden and the sauropterygians of the Purbeck and Oxford Clay. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 46, 36 - 53." type="journal article" year="1890" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Lydekker
|
||
<number box="[1303,1365,525,551]" pageId="12" pageNumber="59" value="1890.0">1890</number>
|
||
a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:
|
||
<number box="[1390,1424,525,551]" pageId="12" pageNumber="59" value="42.0">42</number>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195578/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="59" targetBox="[449,1135,624,1554]" targetPageId="12">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="12.[151,1437,1587,1739]" pageId="12" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,284,1587,1611]" pageId="12" pageNumber="59">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Lydekker, 1889" authorityName="Lydekker" authorityYear="1889" box="[291,717,1588,1611]" class="Reptilia" genus="Hypselospinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="12" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fittoni" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[291,521,1588,1611]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="59">Hypselospinus fittoni</emphasis>
|
||
(Lydekker, 1889)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[724,845,1588,1611]" pageId="12" pageNumber="59">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
NHMUK R1148, referred specimen. The right femur, illustrated as part of the holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Lydekker, 1889" authorityName="Lydekker" authorityYear="1889" box="[556,1040,1620,1643]" class="Reptilia" family="Iguanodontidae" genus="Iguanodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="12" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hollingtoniensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[556,858,1620,1643]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="59">Iguanodon hollingtoniensis</emphasis>
|
||
Lydekker, 1889
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A. Anterior view. B. Anteromedial view. Abbreviations: aig – anterior intercondylar groove almost occluded by shoulders developed from the distal articular condyles; at – anterior trochanter; 4t – fourth trochanter and associated muscles scars associated with the caudifemoral complex. Broken surfaces are indicated by cross-hatching.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="12.[151,1437,1780,2030]" lastBlockId="13.[151,1436,152,327]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="12" pageNumber="59">
|
||
In summary, the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[432,534,1780,1806]" pageId="12" pageNumber="59">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
material attributed to the taxa
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[968,1075,1780,1805]" class="Reptilia" genus="Hypselospinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="12" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fittoni">
|
||
<emphasis box="[968,1075,1780,1805]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="59">I. fittoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1156,1380,1780,1805]" class="Reptilia" family="Iguanodontidae" genus="Iguanodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="12" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hollingtoniensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1156,1380,1780,1805]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="59">I. hollingtoniensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are indistinguishable. The
|
||
<typeStatus box="[428,480,1817,1843]" pageId="12" pageNumber="59">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material attributed to
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[750,848,1817,1842]" class="Reptilia" genus="Hypselospinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="12" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fittoni">
|
||
<emphasis box="[750,848,1817,1842]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="59">I. fittoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
establishes the species and takes priority over
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Iguanodontidae" genus="Iguanodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="12" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hollingtoniensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="59">I. hollingtoniensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by virtue of the sequence in which these two taxa appear in print; therefore, the latter species becomes a junior subjective synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[661,763,1892,1917]" class="Reptilia" genus="Hypselospinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="12" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fittoni">
|
||
<emphasis box="[661,763,1892,1917]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="59">I. fittoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The material that is attributed to
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1191,1407,1892,1917]" class="Reptilia" family="Iguanodontidae" genus="Iguanodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="12" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fittoni">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1191,1407,1892,1917]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="59">Iguanodon fittoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is renamed
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Lydekker, 1889" authorityName="Lydekker" authorityYear="1889" box="[265,751,1929,1955]" class="Reptilia" genus="Hypselospinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="12" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fittoni" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[265,528,1929,1954]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="59">Hypselospinus fittoni</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lydekker" box="[545,742,1929,1955]" pageId="12" pageNumber="65" refString="Lydekker, R. (1889) Notes on new and other dinosaur remains. Geological Magazine, VI, 352 - 356." type="book chapter" year="1889">
|
||
Lydekker,
|
||
<number box="[679,742,1929,1955]" pageId="12" pageNumber="59" value="1889.0">1889</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[760,900,1929,1955]" pageId="12" pageNumber="59">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, based on the diagnosis provided above; in totality, the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[292,396,1967,1993]" pageId="12" pageNumber="59">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and referred material represents the major part of the skeleton of an intermediate-sized styracosternan iguanodontian (Norman in preparation). The combination of the unusual form of the vertebral column, specialisations of the pelvic girdle and robust structure of the forelimb and manus, as well as the distinctive pattern of ridging on the enamelled surface of the crowns (below), serve to distinguish
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1328,1436,189,214]" class="Reptilia" genus="Hypselospinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="13" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fittoni">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1328,1436,189,214]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="60">H. fittoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clearly and unambiguously from the other contemporary species (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[943,1076,226,251]" class="Reptilia" genus="Barilium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="13" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dawsoni">
|
||
<emphasis box="[943,1076,226,251]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="60">B. dawsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) as well as the iguanodontian species that are known from younger horizons (Weald Clay Formation, Hauterivian–Lower Aptian) within the Wealden Group of southern
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[482,584,301,327]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="13" pageNumber="60">England</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195579/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="60" targetBox="[214,1383,387,1074]" targetPageId="13">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[151,1437,1122,1369]" pageId="13" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,281,1122,1146]" pageId="13" pageNumber="60">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Lydekker, 1889" authorityName="Lydekker" authorityYear="1889" box="[287,704,1122,1145]" class="Reptilia" genus="Hypselospinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="13" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fittoni" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[287,513,1122,1145]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="60">Hypselospinus fittoni</emphasis>
|
||
(Lydekker, 1889)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[710,829,1122,1145]" pageId="13" pageNumber="60">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Referred material. NHMUK R811, crushed sacrum (part of the holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[348,640,1154,1177]" class="Reptilia" family="Iguanodontidae" genus="Iguanodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="13" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hollingtoniensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[348,640,1154,1177]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="60">
|
||
Iguanodon
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[470,640,1154,1177]" pageId="13" pageNumber="60" rank="species" species="hollingtoniensis">hollingtoniensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) in ventral (A; note remains of midline keel is preserved despite crushing) and dorsal (B) views. NHMUK R811b, crushed ilium (part of the holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1026,1227,1186,1209]" class="Reptilia" family="Iguanodontidae" genus="Iguanodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="13" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hollingtoniensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1026,1227,1186,1209]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="60">I. hollingtoniensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) in lateral (C) and medial (D) views. Note the deep, narrow preacetabular process with a low curved medial ridge, the flat iliac blade with a narrow dorsal edge and that the ventral postacetabular margin is indented and curves upward away from the ischial peduncle. Abbreviations: k – keel on ventral surface of the sacrum; mr – low, curved ridge on the medial surface of the preacetabular process; nc – floor of canal for the spinal cord; nde – narrow dorsal edge to the ilium; prp – preacetabular process; sr – fragments of the sacral ribs. Broken surfaces indicated by cross-hatching.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[151,1437,1410,2033]" pageId="13" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[198,477,1410,1436]" pageId="13" pageNumber="60">Anatomical discussion</emphasis>
|
||
. Axial skeleton. The neural spines of the dorsal, sacral and proximal caudal series of vertebrae are very striking because of their oblique, narrow and elongate form (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1114,1185,1447,1473]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="14.[151,254,1918,1942]" captionTargetBox="[222,1356,371,1917]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[222,1365,371,1927]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 9. Hypselospinus fittoni (Lydekker, 1889) comb. nov. NHMUK R 604, referred specimen. A, B. Anterior – mid dorsal vertebra in left lateral and anterior views respectively. C. Anterior caudal vertebra in left lateral view. Abbreviations: cr – caudal rib; dia – diapophysis; em – everted articular margin of the centrum; hf – haemal arch (chevron) facet; par – parapophysis; poz – postzygapophysis; prz – prezygapophysis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195580/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="60">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[1168,1185,1447,1473]" pageId="13" pageNumber="60" value="9.0">9</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). Cervical and dorsal centra have the shape of low cylinders, with notably thickened articular margins (em); viewed laterally, the cervicodorsal vertebral centra are tilted posteriorly, while proximal caudal centra are strongly anteroposteriorly compressed and have a vertical, rather than tilted, orientation, even though their neural spines are inclined posteriorly.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[151,1437,1410,2033]" pageId="13" pageNumber="60">
|
||
Appendicular skeleton. The forelimb (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Owen" box="[648,895,1634,1660]" pageId="13" pageNumber="66" refString="Owen, R. (1872) Monograph of the Fossil Reptilia of the Wealden and Purbeck Formations. Supplement IV. Dinosauria (Iguanodon). Palaeontographical Society Monographs, XXV, 1 - 15." type="book chapter" year="1872">
|
||
Owen
|
||
<number box="[728,791,1634,1660]" pageId="13" pageNumber="60" value="1872.0">1872</number>
|
||
: pl. I–III
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and shoulder girdle are remarkably powerful and robust, and show evidence of partial fusion, some of which may have a pathological origin. The manus and carpus display fusion of components and also bear a very large, transversely compressed (triangular in lateral aspect) and very robust pollex ungual (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Owen" box="[717,865,1746,1772]" pageId="13" pageNumber="66" refString="Owen, R. (1872) Monograph of the Fossil Reptilia of the Wealden and Purbeck Formations. Supplement IV. Dinosauria (Iguanodon). Palaeontographical Society Monographs, XXV, 1 - 15." type="book chapter" year="1872">
|
||
Owen
|
||
<number box="[800,865,1746,1772]" pageId="13" pageNumber="60" value="1872.0">1872</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Norman" box="[878,1050,1746,1772]" pageId="13" pageNumber="65" refString="Norman, D. B. (1977) On the anatomy of the ornithischian dinosaur Iguanodon. Unpublished PhD thesis, King's College London, 631 pp." type="book" year="1977">
|
||
Norman
|
||
<number box="[986,1050,1746,1772]" pageId="13" pageNumber="60" value="1977.0">1977</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, in preparation). Sternal plates appear to be fused in the midline in at least one example (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Norman" box="[882,1255,1783,1809]" pageId="13" pageNumber="65" refString="Norman, D. B. (1977) On the anatomy of the ornithischian dinosaur Iguanodon. Unpublished PhD thesis, King's College London, 631 pp." type="book" year="1977">
|
||
Norman
|
||
<number box="[994,1059,1783,1809]" pageId="13" pageNumber="60" value="1977.0">1977</number>
|
||
, in preparation
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The femur is relatively stout and bowed, and has a thick, pillar-like, anterior trochanter; there is also a narrow dorsal exposure for the cylindrical anterior intercondylar groove.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[151,1437,1410,2033]" lastBlockId="15.[151,1437,152,2007]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="13" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[198,543,1895,1921]" pageId="13" pageNumber="60">
|
||
A note on
|
||
<collectionCode LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" box="[331,447,1895,1921]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="13" pageNumber="60">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
R
|
||
<number box="[478,538,1895,1921]" pageId="13" pageNumber="60" value="1831.0">1831</number>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
A right dentary (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Owen" box="[752,1253,1895,1921]" pageId="13" pageNumber="66" refString="Owen, R. (1874) Monograph of the Fossil Reptilia of the Wealden and Purbeck Formations. Supplement V. Dinosauria (Iguanodon). Palaeontographical Society Monographs, XXVII, 1 - 18." type="book chapter" year="1874">
|
||
Owen
|
||
<number box="[833,896,1895,1921]" pageId="13" pageNumber="60" value="1874.0">1874</number>
|
||
: pl.
|
||
<number box="[948,963,1895,1921]" pageId="13" pageNumber="60" value="1.0">1</number>
|
||
, fig.
|
||
<number box="[1028,1043,1895,1921]" pageId="13" pageNumber="60" value="1.0">1</number>
|
||
; see
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1106,1196,1895,1921]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="16.[151,255,1670,1694]" captionTargetBox="[252,1332,391,1636]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[236,1350,377,1644]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 10. Hypselospinus fittoni (Lydekker, 1889) comb. nov. Referred material. NHMUK R 1831, right dentary. A. Medial view, reproduced from Owen (1874: pl. 1, fig. 1). B. Medial view, sketch drawing taken from the original dentary (December 2009). C. The ‘ Brickenden jaw’ (NHMUK 28660). Sketch (November 2009) in medial view for comparison with NHMUK R 1831 (above). This is the right dentary of a large iguanodontian of robust build (attribution unconfirmed at present but it may prove to be attributable to B. dawsoni – Norman in preparation) collected by Col. Brickenden from a quarry near Cuckfield, Sussex. Abbreviations: am – level of alveolar margin; at – ‘ anomalous tooth’ (no longer associated with the jaw); br – extensively broken and crushed dorsal portion of the dentary ramus; ds – dentary-dentary symphysis; m – matrix infill of the Meckelian canal, the medial surface of the postdentary bones and the alveoli; mgr – Meckel’s groove; mt – matrix and tooth crown removed since the lithograph was prepared; pr – ‘ prong’ at the anterior end of the dentary ramus that locks against the lateral surface of the median ventral flap of the predentary; sh. alv – large area of the posterior alveolar shelf that has been sheared away post-mortem." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195581/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="60">
|
||
Figs
|
||
<number box="[1166,1196,1895,1921]" pageId="13" pageNumber="60" value="10.0">10</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
A, B
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) in the Samuel Husbands Beckles Collection is nearly complete in overall length, but very badly fractured and crushed. All of the functional dentition has also been broken away and many of the replacement crowns, notably at the anterior of the series, have also been lost by crushing and breakage. In medial view (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1147,1231,2007,2033]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="16.[151,255,1670,1694]" captionTargetBox="[252,1332,391,1636]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[236,1350,377,1644]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 10. Hypselospinus fittoni (Lydekker, 1889) comb. nov. Referred material. NHMUK R 1831, right dentary. A. Medial view, reproduced from Owen (1874: pl. 1, fig. 1). B. Medial view, sketch drawing taken from the original dentary (December 2009). C. The ‘ Brickenden jaw’ (NHMUK 28660). Sketch (November 2009) in medial view for comparison with NHMUK R 1831 (above). This is the right dentary of a large iguanodontian of robust build (attribution unconfirmed at present but it may prove to be attributable to B. dawsoni – Norman in preparation) collected by Col. Brickenden from a quarry near Cuckfield, Sussex. Abbreviations: am – level of alveolar margin; at – ‘ anomalous tooth’ (no longer associated with the jaw); br – extensively broken and crushed dorsal portion of the dentary ramus; ds – dentary-dentary symphysis; m – matrix infill of the Meckelian canal, the medial surface of the postdentary bones and the alveoli; mgr – Meckel’s groove; mt – matrix and tooth crown removed since the lithograph was prepared; pr – ‘ prong’ at the anterior end of the dentary ramus that locks against the lateral surface of the median ventral flap of the predentary; sh. alv – large area of the posterior alveolar shelf that has been sheared away post-mortem." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195581/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="60">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[1202,1231,2007,2033]" pageId="13" pageNumber="60" value="10.0">10</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
A, B) the dentary symphysis (ds), though much broken, can be judged to have been essentially horizontal; there is a horizontal slot-and-lip toward its posterior end that formed part of the interlocking junction between adjacent dentaries. Farther anteriorly (beyond and just lateral to the symphyseal region), there is a short, finger-like projection (pr) that would have abutted the lateral edge of the mid-section at the root of the posteriorly bifid predentary flap; the lateral surface of the projection is smooth and forms a lip-like structure that curves posterodorsally leading to a compressed edge that backed on to the lateral, occlusal portion, of the predentary. After a short, smooth edge this surface becomes badly broken and irregular and the next third of the upper portion of the dentary ramus is eroded and broken away – indeed the great majority of the dorsal edge of the dentary is sheared off (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[306,396,264,290]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="16.[151,255,1670,1694]" captionTargetBox="[252,1332,391,1636]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[236,1350,377,1644]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 10. Hypselospinus fittoni (Lydekker, 1889) comb. nov. Referred material. NHMUK R 1831, right dentary. A. Medial view, reproduced from Owen (1874: pl. 1, fig. 1). B. Medial view, sketch drawing taken from the original dentary (December 2009). C. The ‘ Brickenden jaw’ (NHMUK 28660). Sketch (November 2009) in medial view for comparison with NHMUK R 1831 (above). This is the right dentary of a large iguanodontian of robust build (attribution unconfirmed at present but it may prove to be attributable to B. dawsoni – Norman in preparation) collected by Col. Brickenden from a quarry near Cuckfield, Sussex. Abbreviations: am – level of alveolar margin; at – ‘ anomalous tooth’ (no longer associated with the jaw); br – extensively broken and crushed dorsal portion of the dentary ramus; ds – dentary-dentary symphysis; m – matrix infill of the Meckelian canal, the medial surface of the postdentary bones and the alveoli; mgr – Meckel’s groove; mt – matrix and tooth crown removed since the lithograph was prepared; pr – ‘ prong’ at the anterior end of the dentary ramus that locks against the lateral surface of the median ventral flap of the predentary; sh. alv – large area of the posterior alveolar shelf that has been sheared away post-mortem." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195581/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="62">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[364,396,264,290]" pageId="15" pageNumber="62" value="10.0">10</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
B, br) with the consequent loss of the upper worn teeth, leaving some of the unworn replacement crowns located more posteriorly and ventrally within the dental ‘magazine’. The only remnant of the dorsal scalloped, and therefore true, alveolar margin (am) is preserved at the extreme posterior end of the preserved part of the dentition (even the coronoid process has been sheared off and re-adhered in an unnatural position – it is clear that preparation of the material subsequent to completion of the lithograph has taken place resulting in the removal of sediment and a dentary crown adhering to the coronoid process;
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1217,1300,450,476]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="16.[151,255,1670,1694]" captionTargetBox="[252,1332,391,1636]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[236,1350,377,1644]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 10. Hypselospinus fittoni (Lydekker, 1889) comb. nov. Referred material. NHMUK R 1831, right dentary. A. Medial view, reproduced from Owen (1874: pl. 1, fig. 1). B. Medial view, sketch drawing taken from the original dentary (December 2009). C. The ‘ Brickenden jaw’ (NHMUK 28660). Sketch (November 2009) in medial view for comparison with NHMUK R 1831 (above). This is the right dentary of a large iguanodontian of robust build (attribution unconfirmed at present but it may prove to be attributable to B. dawsoni – Norman in preparation) collected by Col. Brickenden from a quarry near Cuckfield, Sussex. Abbreviations: am – level of alveolar margin; at – ‘ anomalous tooth’ (no longer associated with the jaw); br – extensively broken and crushed dorsal portion of the dentary ramus; ds – dentary-dentary symphysis; m – matrix infill of the Meckelian canal, the medial surface of the postdentary bones and the alveoli; mgr – Meckel’s groove; mt – matrix and tooth crown removed since the lithograph was prepared; pr – ‘ prong’ at the anterior end of the dentary ramus that locks against the lateral surface of the median ventral flap of the predentary; sh. alv – large area of the posterior alveolar shelf that has been sheared away post-mortem." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195581/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="62">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[1271,1300,450,476]" pageId="15" pageNumber="62" value="10.0">10</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
A, mt). The lateral surface of the dentary is very crazed and crushed; the outline of three alveolar scallops indicates the true position of the upper margin of the dentary and indicates that the dentary (despite appearances to the contrary) was deep and robust, in addition to being reasonably straight (see
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1038,1126,562,588]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="16.[151,255,1670,1694]" captionTargetBox="[252,1332,391,1636]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[236,1350,377,1644]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 10. Hypselospinus fittoni (Lydekker, 1889) comb. nov. Referred material. NHMUK R 1831, right dentary. A. Medial view, reproduced from Owen (1874: pl. 1, fig. 1). B. Medial view, sketch drawing taken from the original dentary (December 2009). C. The ‘ Brickenden jaw’ (NHMUK 28660). Sketch (November 2009) in medial view for comparison with NHMUK R 1831 (above). This is the right dentary of a large iguanodontian of robust build (attribution unconfirmed at present but it may prove to be attributable to B. dawsoni – Norman in preparation) collected by Col. Brickenden from a quarry near Cuckfield, Sussex. Abbreviations: am – level of alveolar margin; at – ‘ anomalous tooth’ (no longer associated with the jaw); br – extensively broken and crushed dorsal portion of the dentary ramus; ds – dentary-dentary symphysis; m – matrix infill of the Meckelian canal, the medial surface of the postdentary bones and the alveoli; mgr – Meckel’s groove; mt – matrix and tooth crown removed since the lithograph was prepared; pr – ‘ prong’ at the anterior end of the dentary ramus that locks against the lateral surface of the median ventral flap of the predentary; sh. alv – large area of the posterior alveolar shelf that has been sheared away post-mortem." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195581/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="62">
|
||
Figs
|
||
<number box="[1096,1126,562,588]" pageId="15" pageNumber="62" value="10.0">10</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
A, B).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195580/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="61" targetBox="[222,1356,371,1917]" targetPageId="14">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="14.[151,1437,1918,2037]" pageId="14" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,282,1918,1942]" pageId="14" pageNumber="61">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Lydekker, 1889" authorityName="Lydekker" authorityYear="1889" box="[289,707,1918,1941]" class="Reptilia" genus="Hypselospinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="14" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fittoni" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[289,514,1918,1941]" class="Reptilia" genus="Hypselospinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="14" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fittoni">
|
||
<emphasis box="[289,514,1918,1941]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="61">
|
||
Hypselospinus
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Lydekker, 1889" authorityName="Lydekker" authorityYear="1889" box="[451,514,1918,1941]" pageId="14" pageNumber="61" rank="species" species="fittoni" status="comb. nov.">fittoni</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Lydekker, 1889)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[714,833,1918,1941]" pageId="14" pageNumber="61">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
NHMUK R604, referred specimen. A, B. Anterior–mid dorsal vertebra in left lateral and anterior views respectively. C. Anterior caudal vertebra in left lateral view. Abbreviations: cr – caudal rib; dia – diapophysis; em – everted articular margin of the centrum; hf –haemal arch (chevron) facet; par – parapophysis; poz – postzygapophysis; prz – prezygapophysis.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="15.[151,1437,152,2007]" pageId="15" pageNumber="62">
|
||
The upper portion of the coronoid process only is preserved, but has been glued to the adjacent part of the dentary.
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[251,283,637,663]" name="American Samoa" pageId="15" pageNumber="62">As</collectingCountry>
|
||
a result, the coronoid process (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[645,730,637,663]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="16.[151,255,1670,1694]" captionTargetBox="[252,1332,391,1636]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[236,1350,377,1644]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 10. Hypselospinus fittoni (Lydekker, 1889) comb. nov. Referred material. NHMUK R 1831, right dentary. A. Medial view, reproduced from Owen (1874: pl. 1, fig. 1). B. Medial view, sketch drawing taken from the original dentary (December 2009). C. The ‘ Brickenden jaw’ (NHMUK 28660). Sketch (November 2009) in medial view for comparison with NHMUK R 1831 (above). This is the right dentary of a large iguanodontian of robust build (attribution unconfirmed at present but it may prove to be attributable to B. dawsoni – Norman in preparation) collected by Col. Brickenden from a quarry near Cuckfield, Sussex. Abbreviations: am – level of alveolar margin; at – ‘ anomalous tooth’ (no longer associated with the jaw); br – extensively broken and crushed dorsal portion of the dentary ramus; ds – dentary-dentary symphysis; m – matrix infill of the Meckelian canal, the medial surface of the postdentary bones and the alveoli; mgr – Meckel’s groove; mt – matrix and tooth crown removed since the lithograph was prepared; pr – ‘ prong’ at the anterior end of the dentary ramus that locks against the lateral surface of the median ventral flap of the predentary; sh. alv – large area of the posterior alveolar shelf that has been sheared away post-mortem." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195581/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="62">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[700,730,637,663]" pageId="15" pageNumber="62" value="10.0">10</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
B) appears to be both shorter and more oblique than it would have been in its natural (and complete) condition. It seems that the friable condition of all the material collected meant that the specimen was very unstable at the time it was excavated and needed urgent and not necessarily expert on-site conservation/preparation. Medially, the dentary ramus displays a matrix-filled Meckelian fossa that becomes shallow and forms an indented horizontal groove (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1097,1180,786,812]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="16.[151,255,1670,1694]" captionTargetBox="[252,1332,391,1636]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[236,1350,377,1644]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 10. Hypselospinus fittoni (Lydekker, 1889) comb. nov. Referred material. NHMUK R 1831, right dentary. A. Medial view, reproduced from Owen (1874: pl. 1, fig. 1). B. Medial view, sketch drawing taken from the original dentary (December 2009). C. The ‘ Brickenden jaw’ (NHMUK 28660). Sketch (November 2009) in medial view for comparison with NHMUK R 1831 (above). This is the right dentary of a large iguanodontian of robust build (attribution unconfirmed at present but it may prove to be attributable to B. dawsoni – Norman in preparation) collected by Col. Brickenden from a quarry near Cuckfield, Sussex. Abbreviations: am – level of alveolar margin; at – ‘ anomalous tooth’ (no longer associated with the jaw); br – extensively broken and crushed dorsal portion of the dentary ramus; ds – dentary-dentary symphysis; m – matrix infill of the Meckelian canal, the medial surface of the postdentary bones and the alveoli; mgr – Meckel’s groove; mt – matrix and tooth crown removed since the lithograph was prepared; pr – ‘ prong’ at the anterior end of the dentary ramus that locks against the lateral surface of the median ventral flap of the predentary; sh. alv – large area of the posterior alveolar shelf that has been sheared away post-mortem." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195581/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="62">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[1151,1180,786,812]" pageId="15" pageNumber="62" value="10.0">10</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
A, B, mgr) anteriorly; part of the sutural surface for the splenial is still preserved above the Meckelian groove on the medial wall of the dentary shelf that supported the dentition.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="15.[151,1437,152,2007]" pageId="15" pageNumber="62">
|
||
Form of the dentary and the ‘diastema’. In the lithograph provided by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Owen" pageId="15" pageNumber="66" refString="Owen, R. (1874) Monograph of the Fossil Reptilia of the Wealden and Purbeck Formations. Supplement V. Dinosauria (Iguanodon). Palaeontographical Society Monographs, XXVII, 1 - 18." type="book chapter" year="1874">
|
||
Owen (
|
||
<number box="[1123,1187,898,924]" pageId="15" pageNumber="62" value="1874.0">1874</number>
|
||
: pl. I, fig.
|
||
<number box="[1312,1327,898,924]" pageId="15" pageNumber="62" value="1.0">1</number>
|
||
; see
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="16.[151,255,1670,1694]" captionTargetBox="[252,1332,391,1636]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[236,1350,377,1644]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 10. Hypselospinus fittoni (Lydekker, 1889) comb. nov. Referred material. NHMUK R 1831, right dentary. A. Medial view, reproduced from Owen (1874: pl. 1, fig. 1). B. Medial view, sketch drawing taken from the original dentary (December 2009). C. The ‘ Brickenden jaw’ (NHMUK 28660). Sketch (November 2009) in medial view for comparison with NHMUK R 1831 (above). This is the right dentary of a large iguanodontian of robust build (attribution unconfirmed at present but it may prove to be attributable to B. dawsoni – Norman in preparation) collected by Col. Brickenden from a quarry near Cuckfield, Sussex. Abbreviations: am – level of alveolar margin; at – ‘ anomalous tooth’ (no longer associated with the jaw); br – extensively broken and crushed dorsal portion of the dentary ramus; ds – dentary-dentary symphysis; m – matrix infill of the Meckelian canal, the medial surface of the postdentary bones and the alveoli; mgr – Meckel’s groove; mt – matrix and tooth crown removed since the lithograph was prepared; pr – ‘ prong’ at the anterior end of the dentary ramus that locks against the lateral surface of the median ventral flap of the predentary; sh. alv – large area of the posterior alveolar shelf that has been sheared away post-mortem." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195581/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="62">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[151,183,936,962]" pageId="15" pageNumber="62" value="10.0">10</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
A)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, the form of the majority of the dentition is accurately illustrated; however, a small and clearly anomalous crown and root are shown projecting obliquely from the dentary adjacent to the most anterior securely embedded successional crown. This small tooth (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[859,946,1010,1036]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="16.[151,255,1670,1694]" captionTargetBox="[252,1332,391,1636]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[236,1350,377,1644]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 10. Hypselospinus fittoni (Lydekker, 1889) comb. nov. Referred material. NHMUK R 1831, right dentary. A. Medial view, reproduced from Owen (1874: pl. 1, fig. 1). B. Medial view, sketch drawing taken from the original dentary (December 2009). C. The ‘ Brickenden jaw’ (NHMUK 28660). Sketch (November 2009) in medial view for comparison with NHMUK R 1831 (above). This is the right dentary of a large iguanodontian of robust build (attribution unconfirmed at present but it may prove to be attributable to B. dawsoni – Norman in preparation) collected by Col. Brickenden from a quarry near Cuckfield, Sussex. Abbreviations: am – level of alveolar margin; at – ‘ anomalous tooth’ (no longer associated with the jaw); br – extensively broken and crushed dorsal portion of the dentary ramus; ds – dentary-dentary symphysis; m – matrix infill of the Meckelian canal, the medial surface of the postdentary bones and the alveoli; mgr – Meckel’s groove; mt – matrix and tooth crown removed since the lithograph was prepared; pr – ‘ prong’ at the anterior end of the dentary ramus that locks against the lateral surface of the median ventral flap of the predentary; sh. alv – large area of the posterior alveolar shelf that has been sheared away post-mortem." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195581/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="62">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[916,946,1010,1036]" pageId="15" pageNumber="62" value="10.0">10</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
A, at) is anomalous both in position and form; it appears to have no legitimate association with this jaw in this position, although it might have been found loose in sediments nearby (coming, as it may well have done, from closer to the anterior end of the magazine). When this lower jaw was re-examined and described (by the author) in the mid
|
||
<number box="[1231,1291,1122,1148]" pageId="15" pageNumber="62" value="1970.0">1970</number>
|
||
s no trace of this anomalous tooth (or of the crown illustrated in the lithograph adhering to the side of the coronoid process) was discovered.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="15.[151,1437,152,2007]" pageId="15" pageNumber="62">
|
||
Without looking at the original material it would be easy to draw the mistaken conclusion from the illustration in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Owen" box="[315,470,1272,1298]" pageId="15" pageNumber="66" refString="Owen, R. (1874) Monograph of the Fossil Reptilia of the Wealden and Purbeck Formations. Supplement V. Dinosauria (Iguanodon). Palaeontographical Society Monographs, XXVII, 1 - 18." type="book chapter" year="1874">
|
||
Owen (
|
||
<number box="[401,462,1272,1298]" pageId="15" pageNumber="62" value="1874.0">1874</number>
|
||
)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
that this tooth indicates the approximate position of the anterior limit to the dental magazine and that the jaw has, as a consequence, a very substantial ‘diastema’ (viz.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Paul" box="[1148,1271,1309,1335]" pageId="15" pageNumber="66" refString="Paul, G. S. (2008) A revised taxonomy of the iguanodont dinosaur genera and species. Cretaceous Research, 29, 192 - 216." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Paul
|
||
<number box="[1207,1271,1309,1335]" pageId="15" pageNumber="62" value="2008.0">2008</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The original illustration (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Owen" box="[294,600,1346,1372]" pageId="15" pageNumber="66" refString="Owen, R. (1874) Monograph of the Fossil Reptilia of the Wealden and Purbeck Formations. Supplement V. Dinosauria (Iguanodon). Palaeontographical Society Monographs, XXVII, 1 - 18." type="book chapter" year="1874">
|
||
Owen
|
||
<number box="[373,436,1346,1372]" pageId="15" pageNumber="62" value="1874.0">1874</number>
|
||
: see
|
||
<figureCitation box="[493,577,1346,1372]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="16.[151,255,1670,1694]" captionTargetBox="[252,1332,391,1636]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[236,1350,377,1644]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 10. Hypselospinus fittoni (Lydekker, 1889) comb. nov. Referred material. NHMUK R 1831, right dentary. A. Medial view, reproduced from Owen (1874: pl. 1, fig. 1). B. Medial view, sketch drawing taken from the original dentary (December 2009). C. The ‘ Brickenden jaw’ (NHMUK 28660). Sketch (November 2009) in medial view for comparison with NHMUK R 1831 (above). This is the right dentary of a large iguanodontian of robust build (attribution unconfirmed at present but it may prove to be attributable to B. dawsoni – Norman in preparation) collected by Col. Brickenden from a quarry near Cuckfield, Sussex. Abbreviations: am – level of alveolar margin; at – ‘ anomalous tooth’ (no longer associated with the jaw); br – extensively broken and crushed dorsal portion of the dentary ramus; ds – dentary-dentary symphysis; m – matrix infill of the Meckelian canal, the medial surface of the postdentary bones and the alveoli; mgr – Meckel’s groove; mt – matrix and tooth crown removed since the lithograph was prepared; pr – ‘ prong’ at the anterior end of the dentary ramus that locks against the lateral surface of the median ventral flap of the predentary; sh. alv – large area of the posterior alveolar shelf that has been sheared away post-mortem." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195581/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="62">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[548,577,1346,1372]" pageId="15" pageNumber="62" value="10.0">10</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
A
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) reflects, uncritically, the remodelling that was done to this fragile and crushed specimen after it was first excavated.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="15.[151,1437,152,2007]" pageId="15" pageNumber="62">
|
||
General and comparative comments. In general shape and proportions
|
||
<collectionCode LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" box="[1030,1141,1421,1447]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="15" pageNumber="62">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
R
|
||
<number box="[1169,1227,1421,1447]" pageId="15" pageNumber="62" value="1831.0">1831</number>
|
||
resembles that of the ‘Brickenden jaw’ (
|
||
<collectionCode LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" box="[415,528,1458,1484]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="15" pageNumber="62">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
<number box="[535,611,1458,1484]" pageId="15" pageNumber="62" value="28660.0">28660</number>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[624,707,1458,1484]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="16.[151,255,1670,1694]" captionTargetBox="[252,1332,391,1636]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[236,1350,377,1644]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 10. Hypselospinus fittoni (Lydekker, 1889) comb. nov. Referred material. NHMUK R 1831, right dentary. A. Medial view, reproduced from Owen (1874: pl. 1, fig. 1). B. Medial view, sketch drawing taken from the original dentary (December 2009). C. The ‘ Brickenden jaw’ (NHMUK 28660). Sketch (November 2009) in medial view for comparison with NHMUK R 1831 (above). This is the right dentary of a large iguanodontian of robust build (attribution unconfirmed at present but it may prove to be attributable to B. dawsoni – Norman in preparation) collected by Col. Brickenden from a quarry near Cuckfield, Sussex. Abbreviations: am – level of alveolar margin; at – ‘ anomalous tooth’ (no longer associated with the jaw); br – extensively broken and crushed dorsal portion of the dentary ramus; ds – dentary-dentary symphysis; m – matrix infill of the Meckelian canal, the medial surface of the postdentary bones and the alveoli; mgr – Meckel’s groove; mt – matrix and tooth crown removed since the lithograph was prepared; pr – ‘ prong’ at the anterior end of the dentary ramus that locks against the lateral surface of the median ventral flap of the predentary; sh. alv – large area of the posterior alveolar shelf that has been sheared away post-mortem." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195581/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="62">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[678,707,1458,1484]" pageId="15" pageNumber="62" value="10.0">10</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
C) in the Mantell Collection.
|
||
<collectionCode LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" box="[1055,1166,1458,1484]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="15" pageNumber="62">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
<number box="[1173,1246,1458,1484]" pageId="15" pageNumber="62" value="28660.0">28660</number>
|
||
is preserved ‘in the round’ and has suffered far less from general crushing and breakage than
|
||
<collectionCode LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" box="[1048,1159,1496,1522]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="15" pageNumber="62">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
R
|
||
<number box="[1187,1245,1496,1522]" pageId="15" pageNumber="62" value="1831.0">1831</number>
|
||
– even though a large portion of its posterior dental shelf, anteromedial to the base of the coronoid process, has been sheared away (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[228,313,1570,1596]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="16.[151,255,1670,1694]" captionTargetBox="[252,1332,391,1636]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[236,1350,377,1644]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 10. Hypselospinus fittoni (Lydekker, 1889) comb. nov. Referred material. NHMUK R 1831, right dentary. A. Medial view, reproduced from Owen (1874: pl. 1, fig. 1). B. Medial view, sketch drawing taken from the original dentary (December 2009). C. The ‘ Brickenden jaw’ (NHMUK 28660). Sketch (November 2009) in medial view for comparison with NHMUK R 1831 (above). This is the right dentary of a large iguanodontian of robust build (attribution unconfirmed at present but it may prove to be attributable to B. dawsoni – Norman in preparation) collected by Col. Brickenden from a quarry near Cuckfield, Sussex. Abbreviations: am – level of alveolar margin; at – ‘ anomalous tooth’ (no longer associated with the jaw); br – extensively broken and crushed dorsal portion of the dentary ramus; ds – dentary-dentary symphysis; m – matrix infill of the Meckelian canal, the medial surface of the postdentary bones and the alveoli; mgr – Meckel’s groove; mt – matrix and tooth crown removed since the lithograph was prepared; pr – ‘ prong’ at the anterior end of the dentary ramus that locks against the lateral surface of the median ventral flap of the predentary; sh. alv – large area of the posterior alveolar shelf that has been sheared away post-mortem." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195581/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="62">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[283,313,1570,1596]" pageId="15" pageNumber="62" value="10.0">10</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
C, sh.alv).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="15.[151,1437,152,2007]" lastBlockId="17.[151,1436,152,290]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="15" pageNumber="62">
|
||
The crowns, or remnants of crowns, of
|
||
<number box="[673,703,1608,1634]" pageId="15" pageNumber="62" value="15.0">15</number>
|
||
teeth are preserved in varying states of eruption in
|
||
<collectionCode LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" box="[1324,1436,1608,1634]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="15" pageNumber="62">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
R
|
||
<number box="[172,230,1645,1671]" pageId="15" pageNumber="62" value="1831.0">1831</number>
|
||
(see
|
||
<figureCitation box="[294,380,1645,1671]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="16.[151,255,1670,1694]" captionTargetBox="[252,1332,391,1636]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[236,1350,377,1644]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 10. Hypselospinus fittoni (Lydekker, 1889) comb. nov. Referred material. NHMUK R 1831, right dentary. A. Medial view, reproduced from Owen (1874: pl. 1, fig. 1). B. Medial view, sketch drawing taken from the original dentary (December 2009). C. The ‘ Brickenden jaw’ (NHMUK 28660). Sketch (November 2009) in medial view for comparison with NHMUK R 1831 (above). This is the right dentary of a large iguanodontian of robust build (attribution unconfirmed at present but it may prove to be attributable to B. dawsoni – Norman in preparation) collected by Col. Brickenden from a quarry near Cuckfield, Sussex. Abbreviations: am – level of alveolar margin; at – ‘ anomalous tooth’ (no longer associated with the jaw); br – extensively broken and crushed dorsal portion of the dentary ramus; ds – dentary-dentary symphysis; m – matrix infill of the Meckelian canal, the medial surface of the postdentary bones and the alveoli; mgr – Meckel’s groove; mt – matrix and tooth crown removed since the lithograph was prepared; pr – ‘ prong’ at the anterior end of the dentary ramus that locks against the lateral surface of the median ventral flap of the predentary; sh. alv – large area of the posterior alveolar shelf that has been sheared away post-mortem." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195581/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="62">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[350,380,1645,1671]" pageId="15" pageNumber="62" value="10.0">10</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
A, B); none are part of the occlusal dentition, indicating significant loss/breakage across the upper portion of the dental magazine. In medial (= lingual, in terms of tooth orientation) view the enamelled faces of the crowns are slightly recurved, broad and lozenge-shaped, and fringed by curved, tongue-like marginal denticles forming oblique ledges that run around leading and trailing edges of the crown; the ledges formed by these denticles are irregularly mammillated. The base of the distal margin of the crown appears (as is the case in many known basal styracosternan iguanodontians) to have been inrolled to create a narrow ‘cingulum’ that is oriented obliquely toward the root (judged by the form of the broken base of one, potentially functional, tooth). The enamelled lingual face is dominated by a distally off-set primary ridge that is well-formed and has a distinctly flattened (truncated) ridge apex in the better preserved examples (Norman in press). In the more posteriorly positioned crowns within the ‘magazine’ there is a low, and indistinct, mesially positioned secondary ‘ridge’ or swelling that lies parallel to the primary one and divides the crown into two vertical and shallow troughs (with a third present between the primary ridge and the distal crown margin). The upper mesial rim of the enamelled face is marked by an array of parallel ridges that descend across the crown surface, starting off as buttressing ridges to the cusps from which they originate; most gradually merge with the crown surface ventrally, but some of the more apically positioned ones form longer ‘strand-like’ ridges of enamel that meander along or run parallel to the secondary ‘ridge’. This combination of characters appears to be generally typical of many Hastings Sub-Group iguanodontian teeth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195581/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="63" targetBox="[252,1332,391,1636]" targetPageId="16">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="16.[151,1436,1670,2014]" pageId="16" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,295,1670,1694]" pageId="16" pageNumber="63">FIGURE 10.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Lydekker, 1889" authorityName="Lydekker" authorityYear="1889" box="[303,726,1671,1694]" class="Reptilia" genus="Hypselospinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="16" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fittoni" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[303,531,1671,1694]" class="Reptilia" genus="Hypselospinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="16" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fittoni">
|
||
<emphasis box="[303,531,1671,1694]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="63">
|
||
Hypselospinus
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Lydekker, 1889" authorityName="Lydekker" authorityYear="1889" box="[467,531,1671,1694]" pageId="16" pageNumber="63" rank="species" species="fittoni" status="comb. nov.">fittoni</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Lydekker, 1889)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[733,853,1671,1694]" pageId="16" pageNumber="63">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Referred material. NHMUK R1831, right dentary. A. Medial view, reproduced from Owen (1874: pl.1, fig. 1). B. Medial view, sketch drawing taken from the original dentary (December 2009). C. The ‘Brickenden jaw’ (NHMUK 28660). Sketch (November 2009) in medial view for comparison with NHMUK R1831 (above). This is the right dentary of a large iguanodontian of robust build (attribution unconfirmed at present but it may prove to be attributable to
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[660,779,1799,1822]" class="Reptilia" genus="Barilium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="16" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dawsoni">
|
||
<emphasis box="[660,779,1799,1822]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="63">B. dawsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
– Norman in preparation) collected by Col. Brickenden from a quarry near Cuckfield, Sussex. Abbreviations: am – level of alveolar margin; at – ‘anomalous tooth’ (no longer associated with the jaw); br – extensively broken and crushed dorsal portion of the dentary ramus; ds – dentary-dentary symphysis; m – matrix infill of the Meckelian canal, the medial surface of the postdentary bones and the alveoli; mgr – Meckel’s groove; mt – matrix and tooth crown removed since the lithograph was prepared; pr – ‘prong’ at the anterior end of the dentary ramus that locks against the lateral surface of the median ventral flap of the predentary; sh. alv – large area of the posterior alveolar shelf that has been sheared away post-mortem.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="17.[151,1436,152,290]" pageId="17" pageNumber="64">
|
||
Interestingly, the slightly distorted large unworn crown preserved in the dentary of the ‘Brickenden jaw’ differs from those seen in
|
||
<collectionCode LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" box="[457,568,264,290]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="17" pageNumber="64">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
R
|
||
<number box="[596,653,264,290]" pageId="17" pageNumber="64" value="1831.0">1831</number>
|
||
(Norman in preparation).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |